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Zhao J, Sun Y, Sui P, Pan H, Shi Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Wang X, Tao R, Liu M, Sun D, Zheng J. DNA Vaccine Co-Expressing Hemagglutinin and IFN-γ Provides Partial Protection to Ferrets against Lethal Challenge with Canine Distemper Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1873. [PMID: 37766279 PMCID: PMC10537869 DOI: 10.3390/v15091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD), caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), is a highly contagious and lethal disease in domestic and wild carnivores. Although CDV live-attenuated vaccines have reduced the incidence of CD worldwide, low levels of protection are achieved in the presence of maternal antibodies in juvenile animals. Moreover, live-attenuated CDV vaccines may retain residual virulence in highly susceptible species and cause disease. Here, we generated several CDV DNA vaccine candidates based on the biscistronic vector (pIRES) co-expressing virus wild-type or codon-optimized hemagglutinin (H) and nucleocapsid (N) or ferret interferon (IFN)-γ, as a molecular adjuvant, respectively. Apparently, ferret (Mustela putorius furo)-specific codon optimization increased the expression of CDV H and N proteins. A ferret model of CDV was used to evaluate the protective immune response of the DNA vaccines. The results of the vaccinated ferrets showed that the DNA vaccine co-expressing the genes of codon-optimized H and ferret IFN-γ (poptiH-IRES-IFN) elicited the highest anti-CDV serum-neutralizing antibodies titer (1:14) and cytokine responses (upregulated TNF-α, IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ expression) after the third immunization. Following vaccination, the animals were challenged with a lethal CDV 5804Pe/H strain with a dose of 105.0 TCID50. Protective immune responses induced by the DNA vaccine alleviated clinical symptoms and pathological changes in CDV-infected ferrets. However, it cannot completely prevent virus replication and viremia in vivo as well as virus shedding due to the limited neutralizing antibody level, which eventually contributed to a survival rate of 75% (3/4) against CDV infection. Therefore, the improved strategies for the present DNA vaccines should be taken into consideration to develop more protective immunity, which includes increasing antigen expression or alternative delivery routes, such as gene gun injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Yiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Ping Sui
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Hongjun Pan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 130112, China (J.C.)
| | - Yijun Shi
- Yantai Animal Disease Control Center of Shandong Province, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 130112, China (J.C.)
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun 130112, China (J.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Agricultural Bureau of Shanyang Country, Shangluo 726400, China
| | - Rongshan Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mengjia Liu
- Jinan Customs in Shandong Province of the P.R. of China, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
| | - Jiasan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (D.S.)
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2
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Edelblute C, Mangiamele C, Heller R. Moderate Heat-Assisted Gene Electrotransfer for Cutaneous Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Against Hepatitis B Virus. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1360-1369. [PMID: 33926214 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 350 million people are living with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Preventative HBV vaccination in infants has reduced the disease burden; however, insufficient immunization programs and access obstacles leave vulnerable populations at risk for infection in endemic regions. Gene electrotransfer (GET) using a noninvasive multielectrode array (MEA) provides an alternative platform for DNA vaccination in the skin. DNA vaccines are nonlive and nonreplicating and temperature stable unlike their counterparts. In addition, their simple engineering allows them to be manufactured quickly at a low cost. In the current work, we present the combination of GET and moderate heating for delivery of a DNA vaccine against HBV. Our laboratory has previously shown the synergy between moderate tissue preheating at 43°C and GET with the MEA as a means to reduce both the applied voltage and pulse number to achieve similar if not higher gene expression than GET alone. In this study, we expand upon this work, by optimizing the plasmid dose to achieve the highest level of expression. Using the reporter gene luciferase, we found that an intradermal injection of 100 μL at 1 mg/mL induced the highest expression levels across all tested GET conditions. We then evaluated our moderate heat-assisted GET platform for the intradermal delivery of a plasmid encoding Hepatitis B surface antigen (pHBsAg) via a prime and prime plus boost vaccination protocol. At 18 weeks, following the prime plus boost protocol, we observed that a high-voltage low-pulse GET condition with moderate heating (45 V 36 p+heat) generated antibodies against Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) at peak measuring 230-fold over injection of plasmid DNA alone with moderate heating. HBsAbs remained robust over the 30-week observation period. These data suggest that moderate heat-assisted GET has the potential to induce strong immune responses, an attractive feature for development of an alternative vaccine delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Edelblute
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, and.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, and.,Department of Medical Engineering, Colleges of Medicine and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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3
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Fomsgaard A, Liu MA. The Key Role of Nucleic Acid Vaccines for One Health. Viruses 2021; 13:258. [PMID: 33567520 PMCID: PMC7916035 DOI: 10.3390/v13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted both the importance of One Health, i.e., the interactions and transmission of pathogens between animals and humans, and the potential power of gene-based vaccines, specifically nucleic acid vaccines. This review will highlight key aspects of the development of plasmid DNA Nucleic Acid (NA) vaccines, which have been licensed for several veterinary uses, and tested for a number of human diseases, and will explain how an understanding of their immunological and real-world attributes are important for their efficacy, and how they helped pave the way for mRNA vaccines. The review highlights how combining efforts for vaccine development for both animals and humans is crucial for advancing new technologies and for combatting emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fomsgaard
- Department of Virology and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret A. Liu
- ProTherImmune, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA
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4
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Wang R, Yang FJ, Zheng XY, Liao XZ, Fan DY, Chen H, An J. Long-term protection against dengue viruses in mice conferred by a tetravalent DNA vaccine candidate. Zool Res 2020; 41:90-93. [PMID: 31746566 PMCID: PMC6956717 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Virology Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU016, Beijing 100045, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fu-Jia Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zheng
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Zheng Liao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China. E-mail:
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George R, Ma A, Motyka B, Shi YE, Liu Q, Griebel P. A dendritic cell-targeted chimeric hepatitis B virus immunotherapeutic vaccine induces both cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:779-792. [PMID: 31687875 PMCID: PMC7227651 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1689081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimigen® HBV Immunotherapeutic Vaccine (C-HBV), a recombinant chimeric fusion protein comprising hepatitis B virus (HBV) S1 and S2 surface antigen fragments, Core antigen and a murine monoclonal antibody heavy chain fragment (Fc), was designed and produced in Sf9 insect cells. C-HBV targets the host immune system through specific receptors present on dendritic cells (DCs) which facilitates antigen internalization, processing, and presentation on MHC class I and II to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses against HBV antigens. T cell responses, previously assessed by ex vivo antigen presentation assays using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived DCs and T cells from uninfected and HBV chronic-infected donors, demonstrated that C-HBV was highly immunogenic. A vaccine dose response study was performed in sheep to analyze the immunogenicity of C-HBV in vivo. Sheep (n = 8/group) received three consecutive subcutaneous injections of each dose of C-HBV at four-week intervals. Analysis of serum antibody levels confirmed C-HBV induced a dose-dependent antibody response to C-HBV and S1/S2-Core. Kinetics of the S1/S2-Core specific antibody response was similar to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific antibody responses induced by ENGERIX-B. Analysis of cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) confirmed C-HBV induced both dose-dependent S1/S2-Core-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses and IFN-γ secretion. These responses were stronger with blood lymphocytes than with cells isolated from the lymph node draining the vaccination site. No correlation was seen between antibody titers and CMI. The results confirm C-HBV is an effective delivery vehicle for the induction of T cell responses and may be an appropriate candidate for immunotherapy for chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan Ma
- Akshaya Bio Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce Motyka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yuenian Eric Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Hao K, Chen XH, Qi XZ, Yu XB, Du EQ, Ling F, Zhu B, Wang GX. Protective immunity of grass carp induced by DNA vaccine encoding capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus using bacterial ghost as delivery vehicles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:414-425. [PMID: 28300681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most pathogenic aquareovirus and can cause lethal hemorrhagic disease in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). However, management of GCRV infection remains a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective means for the control of its infection. The uses of bacterial ghost (BG, non-living bacteria) as carriers for DNA delivery have received considerable attentions in veterinary and human vaccines studies. Nevertheless, there is still no report about intramuscular administration of bacterial ghost-based DNA vaccines in fish. In the current study, a novel vaccine based on Escherichia coli DH5α bacterial ghost (DH5α-BG), delivering a major capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus encoded DNA vaccine was developed to enhance the efficacy of a vp7 DNA vaccine against GCRV in grass carp. The grass carp was injected intramuscularly by different treatments -i) naked pcDNA-vp7 (containing plasmid 1, 2.5 and 5 μg, respectively), ii) DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 (containing plasmid 1, 2.5 and 5 μg, respectively) and iii) naked pcDNA, DH5α-BG or phosphate buffered saline. The immune responses and disease resistance of grass carp were assessed in different groups, and results indicated that the antibody levels, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immune-related genes were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 vaccine (DNA dose ranged from 2.5 to 5 μg). In addition, the relative percentage survival were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 vaccine and the relative percentage survival reached to 90% in DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 group than that of naked pcDNA-vp7 (42.22%) at the highest DNA dose (5 μg) after 14 days of post infection. Moreover, the level of pcDNA-vp7 plasmid was higher in DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 groups than naked pcDNA-vp7 groups in muscle and kidneys tissues after 21 days. Overall, those results suggested that DH5α bacterial ghost based DNA vaccine might be used as a promising vaccine for aquatic animals to fight against GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - En-Qi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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8
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Short noncoding DNA fragments improve the immune potency of electroporation-mediated HBV DNA vaccination. Gene Ther 2014; 21:703-8. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Immunological evaluation of mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles based foot and mouth disease virus DNA vaccine, pVAC FMDV VP1–OmpA in guinea pigs. Biologicals 2014; 42:153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Muhammad A, Champeimont J, Mayr UB, Lubitz W, Kudela P. Bacterial ghosts as carriers of protein subunit and DNA-encoded antigens for vaccine applications. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:97-116. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S, Hannaman D. Electroporation for DNA immunization: clinical application. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:503-17. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Abstract
DNA immunization was discovered in early 1990s, and its use has been expanded from vaccine studies to a broader range of biomedical research areas, such as the generation of high-quality polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as research reagents. In this unit, three common DNA immunization methods are described: needle injection, electroporation, and gene gun. In addition, several common considerations related to DNA immunization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Wang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Shan Lu
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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13
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Two doses of bovine viral diarrhea virus DNA vaccine delivered by electroporation induce long-term protective immune responses. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 20:166-73. [PMID: 23220999 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00565-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of major importance in cattle, so there is a need for new effective vaccines. DNA vaccines induce balanced immune responses and are relatively inexpensive and thus promising for both human and veterinary applications. In this study, newborn calves with maternal antibodies were vaccinated intramuscularly (i.m.) with a BVDV E2 DNA vaccine with the TriGrid Delivery System for i.m. delivery (TDS-IM). Two doses of this vaccine spaced 6 or 12 weeks apart were sufficient to induce significant virus-neutralizing antibody titers, numbers of activated T cells, and reduction in viral shedding and clinical presentations after BVDV-2 challenge. In contrast to the placebo-treated animals, the vaccinated calves did not lose any weight, which is an excellent indicator of the well-being of an animal and has a significant economic impact. Furthermore, the interval between the two vaccinations did not influence the magnitude of the immune responses or degree of clinical protection, and a third immunization was not necessary or beneficial. Since electroporation may enhance not only the magnitude but also the duration of immunity after DNA immunization, the interval between vaccination and challenge was extended in a second trial, which showed that two doses of this E2 DNA vaccine again significantly reduced clinical disease against BVDV for several months. These results are promising and support this technology for use against infectious diseases in cattle and large species, including humans, in general.
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Khawaja G, Buronfosse T, Jamard C, Abdul F, Guerret S, Zoulim F, Luxembourg A, Hannaman D, Evans CF, Hartmann D, Cova L. In vivo electroporation improves therapeutic potency of a DNA vaccine targeting hepadnaviral proteins. Virology 2012; 433:192-202. [PMID: 22921316 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This preclinical study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of electroporation (EP)-based delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding viral proteins (envelope, core) and IFN-γ in the duck model of chronic hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infection. Importantly, only DNA EP-therapy resulted in a significant decrease in mean viremia titers and in intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels in chronic DHBV-carrier animals, compared with standard needle pDNA injection (SI). In addition, DNA EP-therapy stimulated in all virus-carriers a humoral response to DHBV preS protein, recognizing a broader range of major antigenic regions, including neutralizing epitopes, compared with SI. DNA EP-therapy led also to significant higher intrahepatic IFN-γ RNA levels in DHBV-carriers compared to other groups, in the absence of adverse effects. We provide the first evidence on DNA EP-therapy benefit in terms of hepadnaviral infection clearance and break of immune tolerance in virus-carriers, supporting its clinical application for chronic hepatitis B.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Circular/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ducks
- Electroporation
- Epitopes
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/immunology
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/veterinary
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/virology
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/prevention & control
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Humoral
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Plasmids
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Core Proteins/genetics
- Viral Core Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viremia/immunology
- Viremia/prevention & control
- Viremia/veterinary
- Viremia/virology
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15
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Enhanced magnitude and breadth of neutralizing humoral response to a DNA vaccine targeting the DHBV envelope protein delivered by in vivo electroporation. Virology 2012; 425:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Despite many years of research, human DNA vaccines have yet to fulfill their early promise. Over the past 15 years, multiple generations of DNA vaccines have been developed and tested in preclinical models for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the areas of infectious disease and cancer, but have failed in the clinic. Thus, while DNA vaccines have achieved successful licensure for veterinary applications, their poor immunogenicity in humans when compared with traditional protein-based vaccines has hindered their progress. Many strategies have been attempted to improve DNA vaccine potency including use of more efficient promoters and codon optimization, addition of traditional or genetic adjuvants, electroporation, intradermal delivery and various prime-boost strategies. This review summarizes these advances in DNA vaccine technologies and attempts to answer the question of when DNA vaccines might eventually be licensed for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Saade
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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Donate A, Coppola D, Cruz Y, Heller R. Evaluation of a novel non-penetrating electrode for use in DNA vaccination. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19181. [PMID: 21559474 PMCID: PMC3084774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current progress in the development of vaccines has decreased the incidence of fatal and non-fatal infections and increased longevity. However, new technologies need to be developed to combat an emerging generation of infectious diseases. DNA vaccination has been demonstrated to have great potential for use with a wide variety of diseases. Alone, this technology does not generate a significant immune response for vaccination, but combined with delivery by electroporation (EP), can enhance plasmid expression and immunity. Most EP systems, while effective, can be invasive and painful making them less desirable for use in vaccination. Our lab recently developed a non-invasive electrode known as the multi-electrode array (MEA), which lies flat on the surface of the skin without penetrating the tissue. In this study we evaluated the MEA for its use in DNA vaccination using Hepatitis B virus as the infectious model. We utilized the guinea pig model because their skin is similar in thickness and morphology to humans. The plasmid encoding Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was delivered intradermally with the MEA to guinea pig skin. The results show increased protein expression resulting from plasmid delivery using the MEA as compared to injection alone. Within 48 hours of treatment, there was an influx of cellular infiltrate in experimental groups. Humoral responses were also increased significantly in both duration and intensity as compared to injection only groups. While this electrode requires further study, our results suggest that the MEA has potential for use in electrically mediated intradermal DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Donate
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Domenico Coppola
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yolmari Cruz
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard Heller
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
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18
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Electroporation enhances immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen in woodchucks. J Virol 2011; 85:4853-62. [PMID: 21389124 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02437-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been hampered by host immune tolerance and the generally low magnitude and inconsistent immune responses to conventional vaccines and proposed new delivery methods. Electroporation (EP) for plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine delivery has demonstrated the enhanced immunogenicity of HBV antigens in various animal models. In the present study, the efficiency of the EP-based delivery of pDNA expressing various reporter genes first was evaluated in normal woodchucks, and then the immunogenicity of an analog woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) surface antigen (WHsAg) pDNA vaccine was studied in this model. The expression of reporter genes was greatly increased when the cellular uptake of pDNA was facilitated by EP. The EP of WHsAg-pDNA resulted in enhanced, dose-dependent antibody and T-cell responses to WHsAg compared to those of the conventional hypodermic needle injection of WHsAg-pDNA. Although subunit WHsAg protein vaccine elicited higher antibody titers than the DNA vaccine delivered with EP, T-cell response rates were comparable. However, in WHsAg-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures, the mRNA expression of CD4 and CD8 leukocyte surface markers and Th1 cytokines was more frequent and was skewed following DNA vaccination compared to that of protein immunization. Thus, the EP-based vaccination of normal woodchucks with pDNA-WHsAg induced a skew in the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1 immune responses, which may be considered more appropriate for approaches involving therapeutic vaccines to treat chronic HBV infection.
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Shan S, Jiang Y, Bu Z, Ellis T, Zeng X, Edwards J, Tian G, Li Y, Ge J, Chen H, Fenwick S. Strategies for improving the efficacy of a H6 subtype avian influenza DNA vaccine in chickens. J Virol Methods 2011; 173:220-6. [PMID: 21333689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A low-pathogenicity avian influenza H6N2 virus was used to investigate approaches to improve DNA vaccine efficacy. The viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene or its chicken biased HA gene, incorporating a Kozak sequence, was cloned into a pCAGGS vector to produce the pCAG-HAk and pCAG-optiHAk constructs. Following two intramuscular injections, the seroconversion rate in vaccinated chickens with 10, 100 or 300 μg pCAG-HAk were 87.5%, 75% and 75%, respectively. The profile of H6 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies induced by different doses of pCAG-HAk during the 8-week study period was similar. The HI titer rose significantly in the three different dose groups following the booster and reached a plateau 2-3 weeks post-booster. In a single dose vaccination group with 100 μg pCAG-HAk, a maximum seroconversion rate reached 53.3% at 5 weeks post-vaccination. The earliest time of seroconversion appeared two weeks after DNA immunization. Following two electroporation (EP) vaccinations with 100 μg pCAG-HAk, all birds seroconverted and the HI antibody titers were significantly higher than those using intramuscular immunization, suggesting that EP was more efficient than intramuscular delivery of the DNA vaccines. In comparison, chickens immunized with 10 or 100 μg pCAG-optiHAk showed 37.5% and 87.5% seroconversion rates, respectively, at 3 weeks following the booster. The pCAG-HAk was not significantly different from the pCAG-optiHAk in either the seroconversion rate or H6 HI titer, suggesting that the codon-optimized HA DNA vaccine did not achieve significantly better immunogenicity than the pCAG-HAk vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Shan
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Electroporation-Mediated DNA Vaccination. CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROPORATION 2011. [PMCID: PMC7122510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8363-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S, Lawman Z, Wilson D, Luxembourg A, Ellefsen B, van den Hurk JV, Hannaman D. Electroporation enhances immune responses and protection induced by a bovine viral diarrhea virus DNA vaccine in newborn calves with maternal antibodies. Vaccine 2010; 28:6445-54. [PMID: 20670907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major pathogens in cattle. In this study, newborn calves with maternal antibodies were vaccinated with a BVDV DNA vaccine, either by conventional intramuscular (IM) injection or with the TriGrid™ Delivery System for IM delivery (TDS-IM). The calves vaccinated with the TDS-IM developed more rapidly and effectively BVDV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. Overall, the immune responses induced by delivery with the TDS-IM remained stronger than those elicited by conventional IM injection of the BVDV DNA vaccine. Accordingly, electroporation-mediated delivery of the BVDV DNA vaccine resulted in close to complete protection from clinical signs of disease, while conventional IM administration did not fully prevent morbidity and mortality following challenge with BVDV-2. These results demonstrate the TDS-IM to be effective as a delivery system for a BVDV DNA vaccine in newborn calves in the presence of maternal antibodies, which supports the potential of electroporation as a delivery method for prophylactic DNA vaccines.
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Van den Broeke A, Oumouna M, Beskorwayne T, Szynal M, Cleuter Y, Babiuk S, Bagnis C, Martiat P, Burny A, Griebel P. Cytotoxic responses to BLV tax oncoprotein do not prevent leukemogenesis in sheep. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1663-9. [PMID: 20591480 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Delta retrovirus-mediated leukemogenesis is dependent on the oncogenic potential of Tax. It is not clear, however, whether Tax-specific immune responses play a role in leukemia onset and progression. Using the BLV-associated leukemia model in sheep, we found that Tax-specific cytotoxic responses induced by DNA immunization or viral infection of naïve animals were not predictive of disease outcome and did not prevent tumor development. Furthermore, provirus and tax may be absent from blood for extended periods, emphasizing the relevance of surveying other compartments during chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Our results support the conclusion that Tax-specific cytotoxic responses, even during the initial phase of infection, are not sufficient to prevent leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Van den Broeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Comparison of immune response in sheep immunized with DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 antigen in different adjuvant formulations. Exp Parasitol 2010; 124:365-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Since the discovery, over a decade and a half ago, that genetically engineered DNA can be delivered in vaccine form and elicit an immune response, there has been much progress in understanding the basic biology of this platform. A large amount of data has been generated in preclinical model systems, and more sustained cellular responses and more consistent antibody responses are being observed in the clinic. Four DNA vaccine products have recently been approved, all in the area of veterinary medicine. These results suggest a productive future for this technology as more optimized constructs, better trial designs and improved platforms are being brought into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Kutzler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
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van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S, Luxembourg A, Ellefsen B, Wilson D, Ubach A, Hannaman D, van den Hurk J. Electroporation-based DNA transfer enhances gene expression and immune responses to DNA vaccines in cattle. Vaccine 2008; 26:5503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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DNA vaccines and their applications in veterinary practice: current perspectives. Vet Res Commun 2008; 32:341-56. [PMID: 18425596 PMCID: PMC7089108 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation of plasmid DNA, encoding an immunogenic protein gene of an infectious agent, stands out as a novel approach for developing new generation vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases of animals. The potential of DNA vaccines to act in presence of maternal antibodies, its stability and cost effectiveness and the non-requirement of cold chain have heightened the prospects. Even though great strides have been made in nucleic acid vaccination, still there are many areas that need further research for its wholesome practical implementation. Major areas of concern are vaccine delivery, designing of suitable vectors and cytotoxic T cell responses. Also, the induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines is inconclusive due to the lack of knowledge regarding the concentration of the protein expressed in vivo. Alternative delivery systems having higher transfection efficiency and the use of cytokines, as immunomodulators, needs to be further explored. Recently, efforts are being made to modulate and prolong the active life of dendritic cells, in order to make antigen presentation a more efficacious one. For combating diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), influenza, malaria and tuberculosis in humans; and foot and mouth disease, Aujesky’s disease, swine fever, rabies, canine distemper and brucellosis in animals, DNA vaccine clinical trials are underway. This review highlights the salient features of DNA vaccines, and measures to enhance their efficacy so as to devise an effective and novel vaccination strategy against animal diseases.
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Goubier A, Fuhrmann L, Forest L, Cachet N, Evrad-Blanchard M, Juillard V, Fischer L. Superiority of needle-free transdermal plasmid delivery for the induction of antigen-specific IFNγ T cell responses in the dog. Vaccine 2008; 26:2186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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The relative immunogenicity of DNA vaccines delivered by the intramuscular needle injection, electroporation and gene gun methods. Vaccine 2008; 26:2100-10. [PMID: 18378365 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines varies significantly due to many factors including the inherent immunogenicity of the protein antigen encoded in the DNA vaccine, the optimal immune responses that can be achieved in different animal models and in humans with different genetic backgrounds and, to a great degree, the delivery methods used to administer the DNA vaccines. Based on published results, only the gene gun-mediated delivery approach has been able to elicit protective levels of immune responses in healthy, adult volunteers by DNA immunization alone without the use of another vaccine modality as a boost. Recent results from animal studies suggest that electroporation is also effective in eliciting high level immune responses. However, there have been no reports to identify the similarities and differences between these two leading physical delivery methods for DNA vaccines against infectious disease targets. In the current study, we compared the relative immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing a hemagglutinin (HA) antigen from an H5N1 influenza virus in two animal models (rabbit and mouse) when delivered by either intramuscular needle immunization (IM), gene gun (GG) or electroporation (EP). HA-specific antibody, T cell and B cell responses were analyzed. Our results indicate that, overall, both the GG and EP methods are more immunogenic than the IM method. However, EP and IM stimulated a Th-1 type antibody response and the antibody response to GG was Th-2 dominated. These findings provide important information for the further selection and optimization of DNA vaccine delivery methods for human applications.
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Gerdts V, Littel-van den Hurk SVD, Griebel PJ, Babiuk LA. Use of animal models in the development of human vaccines. Future Microbiol 2008; 2:667-75. [PMID: 18041907 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.2.6.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years, animal infectious disease research has played a crucial role in the development of human vaccines. In fact, many of today's vaccines are based on utilizing animal pathogens, either in the form of an attenuated vaccine or as a vaccine vector. Vaccine development has become increasingly complex with chronic and newly emerging diseases, a demand for therapeutic vaccines for noninfectious diseases, extended vaccine in the neonate and the elderly, and increasing concerns regarding vaccine safety. Furthermore, the evaluation of quantity and quality of immune responses and the ability to efficiently translate the results of basic research into the clinic are critical to ensure that vaccines meet their therapeutic potential. Here, we review the importance of animal models for developing and testing novel human vaccines, discuss the limitations of existing animal models in knowledge translation, and summarize the needs and criteria for future animal models. We argue that efficient translation of basic vaccine research to clinical therapies will depend upon the availability of appropriate animal models to address each of the questions which arise during vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Cova
- Physiopathologie moléculaire et nouveaux traitements des hépatites virales INSERM : U871 IFR62 Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I FR
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