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Damala P, Tiuftiakov NY, Bakker E. Avoiding Potential Pitfalls in Designing Wired Glucose Biosensors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2-8. [PMID: 38146872 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucose sensing has been studied for more than half a century, leading many to believe that further progress comes mainly from engineering efforts. Our society requires robust, reliable, compact, and easy-to-use sensing solutions for decentralized applications such as wearables, and engineering solutions are essential. However, true progress is only possible by understanding and improving the underlying working principles and fundamental limitations. This Perspective discusses the delicate relationship between the observed current and glucose concentration when using wired enzyme biosensors. Some of the potential pitfalls often encountered in the recent literature are discussed. These include the need to suppress the influence of enzyme turnover kinetics on the sensor signal and the undesired faradaic charging of the electron transfer mediator that gives a continuously decaying baseline signal. These fundamental issues must be carefully evaluated and resolved for the realization of continuously operating enzyme biosensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Damala
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Yu Tiuftiakov
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Zhu L, Chang Y, Li Y, Qiao M, Liu L. Biosensors Based on the Binding Events of Nitrilotriacetic Acid-Metal Complexes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050507. [PMID: 37232868 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular immobilization and recognition are two key events for the development of biosensors. The general ways for the immobilization and recognition of biomolecules include covalent coupling reactions and non-covalent interactions of antigen-antibody, aptamer-target, glycan-lectin, avidin-biotin and boronic acid-diol. Tetradentate nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is one of the most common commercial ligands for chelating metal ions. The NTA-metal complexes show high and specific affinity toward hexahistidine tags. Such metal complexes have been widely utilized in protein separation and immobilization for diagnostic applications since most of commercialized proteins have been integrated with hexahistidine tags by synthetic or recombinant techniques. This review focused on the development of biosensors with NTA-metal complexes as the binding units, mainly including surface plasmon resonance, electrochemistry, fluorescence, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, chemiluminescence and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Mingyi Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
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3
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Tinikul R, Trisrivirat D, Chinantuya W, Wongnate T, Watthaisong P, Phonbuppha J, Chaiyen P. Detection of cellular metabolites by redox enzymatic cascades. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100466. [PMID: 35192744 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cellular metabolites that are disease biomarkers is important for human healthcare monitoring and assessing prognosis and therapeutic response. Accurate and rapid detection of microbial metabolites and pathway intermediates is also crucial for the process optimization required for development of bioconversion methods using metabolically engineered cells. Various redox enzymes can generate electrons that can be employed in enzyme-based biosensors and in the detection of cellular metabolites. These reactions can directly transform target compounds into various readout signals. By incorporating engineered enzymes into enzymatic cascades, the readout signals can be improved in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. This review critically discusses selected redox enzymatic and chemoenzymatic cascades currently employed for detection of human- and microbe-related cellular metabolites including, amino acids, d-glucose, inorganic ions (pyrophosphate, phosphate, and sulfate), nitro- and halogenated phenols, NAD(P)H, fatty acids, fatty aldehyde, alkane, short chain acids, and cellular metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Wachirawit Chinantuya
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Watthaisong
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Jittima Phonbuppha
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Rayong, Thailand
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Rational design of electroactive redox enzyme nanocapsules for high-performance biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cell. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 174:112805. [PMID: 33257186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential application of biodevices based on enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis are limited by poor stability and electrochemical performance. To solve the limitation, modifying enzyme with functional polymer to tailor enzyme function is highly desirable. Herein, glucose oxidase (GOx) was chosen as a model enzyme, and according to the chemical structure of GOx cofactor (flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD), we customize a biomimetic cofactor containing vinyl group (SFAD) for GOx, and prepared an GOx nanocapsule via in-situ polymerization. The characterization of particle size distribution, TEM, fluorescence and electrochemical performance indicated the successful formation of electroactive GOx nanocapsule with SFAD-containing polymeric network (n (GOx-SFAD-PAM)). The network can act as an electronic "highway" to link the active site with electrode, with capability to accelerate electron transfer as well as enhanced GOx stability. Further investigation of bioelectrocatalysis shows that n (GOx-SFAD-PAM)-based biosensor has low detection potential (-0.4 vs. Ag/AgCl), high sensitivity (64.97 μAmM-1cm-2), good anti-interference performance, quick response (3⁓5s) and excellent stability, and that n (GOx-SFAD-PAM)-based enzymatic biofuel cell (EBFC) has the high maximum power density (1011.21 μWcm-2), which is a 385-fold increase over that of native GOx-based EBFC (2.62 μWcm-2). This study suggests that novel enzyme nanocapsule with electroactive polymeric shell might provide a prospective solution for the performance improvement of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis-based biodevices.
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Teymourian H, Barfidokht A, Wang J. Electrochemical glucose sensors in diabetes management: an updated review (2010-2020). Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7671-7709. [PMID: 33020790 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While over half a century has passed since the introduction of enzyme glucose biosensors by Clark and Lyons, this important field has continued to be the focus of immense research activity. Extensive efforts during the past decade have led to major scientific and technological innovations towards tight monitoring of diabetes. Such continued progress toward advanced continuous glucose monitoring platforms, either minimal- or non-invasive, holds considerable promise for addressing the limitations of finger-prick blood testing toward tracking glucose trends over time, optimal therapeutic interventions, and improving the life of diabetes patients. However, despite these major developments, the field of glucose biosensors is still facing major challenges. The scope of this review is to present the key scientific and technological advances in electrochemical glucose biosensing over the past decade (2010-present), along with current obstacles and prospects towards the ultimate goal of highly stable and reliable real-time minimally-invasive or non-invasive glucose monitoring. After an introduction to electrochemical glucose biosensors, we highlight recent progress based on using advanced nanomaterials at the electrode-enzyme interface of three generations of glucose sensors. Subsequently, we cover recent activity and challenges towards next-generation wearable non-invasive glucose monitoring devices based on innovative sensing principles, alternative body fluids, advanced flexible materials, and novel platforms. This is followed by highlighting the latest progress in the field of minimally-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) which offers real-time information about interstitial glucose levels, by focusing on the challenges toward developing biocompatible membrane coatings to protect electrochemical glucose sensors against surface biofouling. Subsequent sections cover new analytical concepts of self-powered glucose sensors, paper-based glucose sensing and multiplexed detection of diabetes-related biomarkers. Finally, we will cover the latest advances in commercially available devices along with the upcoming future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Chen S, Hall EAH. A Biosilification Fusion Protein for a ‘Self‐immobilising’ Sarcosine Oxidase Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Elizabeth A. H. Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
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7
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Engineering glucose oxidase for bioelectrochemical applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:218-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Rosales G, Alves F, Costa F, Martín Pastor M, Fernandes VC, Mattedi S, Boaventura JS. Development of a bioelectrode based on catalase enzyme and the novel protic ionic liquid pentaethylenehexammonium acetate (PEHAA). J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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There is no evidence to support literature claims of direct electron transfer (DET) for native glucose oxidase (GOx) at carbon nanotubes or graphene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Mathematical model for the electrochemical impedance response of a continuous glucose monitor. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Insights into a hole transfer mechanism between glucose oxidase and a p-type organic semiconductor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:449-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Hall EA, Chen S, Chun J, Du Y, Zhao Z. A molecular biology approach to protein coupling at a biosensor interface. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Castaing V, Álvarez-Martos I, Ferapontova EE. Wiring of Glucose Oxidizing Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Enzymes by Methylene Blue-Modified Third Generation Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Attached to Spectroscopic Graphite Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Portable, nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced enzyme sensors have emerged as powerful devices for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a variety of analytes for biomedicine, environmental applications, and pharmaceutical fields. This chapter describes a method for the fabrication of a portable, paper-based, inexpensive, robust enzyme biosensor for the detection of substrates of oxidase enzymes. The method utilizes redox-active NPs of cerium oxide (CeO2) as a sensing platform which produces color in response to H2O2 generated by the action of oxidase enzymes on their corresponding substrates. This avoids the use of peroxidases which are routinely used in conjunction with glucose oxidase. The CeO2 particles serve dual roles, as high surface area supports to anchor high loadings of the enzyme as well as a color generation reagent, and the particles are recycled multiple times for the reuse of the biosensor. These sensors are small, light, disposable, inexpensive, and they can be mass produced by standard, low-cost printing methods. All reagents needed for the analysis are embedded within the paper matrix, and sensors stored over extended periods of time without performance loss. This novel sensor is a general platform for the in-field detection of analytes that are substrates for oxidase enzymes in clinical, food, and environmental samples.
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15
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Othman A, Karimi A, Andreescu S. Functional nanostructures for enzyme based biosensors: properties, fabrication and applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7178-7203. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A review describing functional nanostructures for portable and printable enzyme biosensors. Specific physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles used as carriers and sensing components and their assembly are discussed with an overview of current and emerging techniques enabling large scale roll-to-roll fabrication and miniaturization. Their integration in flexible, wearable and inexpensive point-of-use devices, and implementation challenges are also provided with examples of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Othman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| | - Anahita Karimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Clarkson University
- Potsdam
- USA
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16
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Lata JP, Gao L, Mukai C, Cohen R, Nelson JL, Anguish L, Coonrod S, Travis AJ. Effects of Nanoparticle Size on Multilayer Formation and Kinetics of Tethered Enzymes. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1931-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Lata
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roy Cohen
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jacquelyn L. Nelson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynne Anguish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Scott Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander J. Travis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, ‡Biomedical Engineering, and §Atkinson Center
for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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Yakovleva ME, Gonaus C, Schropp K, ÓConghaile P, Leech D, Peterbauer CK, Gorton L. Engineering of pyranose dehydrogenase for application to enzymatic anodes in biofuel cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9074-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article we describe production and characterisation of mutant pyranose dehydrogenase – an excellent enzyme for fabrication of enzyme-based biosensors and bioanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Yakovleva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Christoph Gonaus
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
- A-1190 Wien
- Austria
| | - Katharina Schropp
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology
| | - Peter ÓConghaile
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Dónal Leech
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Clemens K. Peterbauer
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology
- BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
- A-1190 Wien
- Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
- Sweden
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Arrocha AA, Cano-Castillo U, Aguila SA, Vazquez-Duhalt R. Enzyme orientation for direct electron transfer in an enzymatic fuel cell with alcohol oxidase and laccase electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:569-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Akram MS, Ur Rehman J, Hall EAH. Engineered proteins for bioelectrochemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:257-274. [PMID: 24818813 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is only in the past two decades that excellent protein engineering tools have begun to meet parallel advances in materials chemistry, nanofabrication, and electronics. This is revealing scenarios from which synthetic enzymes can emerge, which were previously impossible, as well as interfaces with novel electrode materials. That means the control of the protein structure, electron transport pathway, and electrode surface can usher us into a new era of bioelectrochemistry. This article reviews the principle of electron transfer (ET) and considers how its application at the electrode, within the protein, and at a redox group is directing key advances in the understanding of protein structure to create systems that exhibit better efficiency and unique bioelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safwan Akram
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT United Kingdom;
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Vazquez-Duhalt R, Aguila SA, Arrocha AA, Ayala M. QM/MM Molecular Modeling and Marcus Theory in the Molecular Design of Electrodes for Enzymatic Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Yakovleva ME, Killyéni A, Seubert O, O Conghaile P, Macaodha D, Leech D, Gonaus C, Popescu IC, Peterbauer CK, Kjellström S, Gorton L. Further insights into the catalytical properties of deglycosylated pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9852-8. [PMID: 24016351 PMCID: PMC3798088 DOI: 10.1021/ac4023988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on fragmented deglycosylated pyranose dehydrogenase (fdgPDH) from Agaricus meleagris recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris . Fragmented deglycosylated PDH is formed from the deglycosylated enzyme (dgPDH) when it spontaneously loses a C-terminal fragment when stored in a buffer solution at 4 °C. The remaining larger fragment has a molecular weight of ∼46 kDa and exhibits higher volumetric activity for glucose oxidation compared with the deglycosylated and glycosylated (gPDH) forms of PDH. Flow injection amperometry and cyclic voltammetry were used to assess and compare the catalytic activity of the three investigated forms of PDH, "wired" to graphite electrodes with two different osmium redox polymers: [Os(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) [Os(dmbpy)PVI] and [Os(4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine)2(poly-(vinylimidazole))10Cl](+) [Os(dmobpy)PVI]. When "wired" with Os(dmbpy)PVI, the graphite electrodes modified with fdgPDH showed a pronounced increase in the current density with Jmax 13- and 6-fold higher than that observed for gPDH- and dgPDH-modified electrodes, making the fragmented enzyme extraordinarily attractive for further biotechnological applications. An easier access of the substrate to the active site and improved communication between the enzyme and mediator matrix are suggested as the two main reasons for the excellent performance of the fdgPDH when compared with that of gPDH and dgPDH. Three of the four glycosites in PDH: N(75), N(175), and N(252) were assigned using mass spectrometry in conjunction with endoglycosidase treatment and tryptic digestion. Determination of the asparagine residues carrying carbohydrate moieties in PDH can serve as a solid background for production of recombinant enzyme lacking glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Yakovleva
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University , PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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22
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Campbell WH, Henig J, Plumeré N. Affinity binding via Zinc(II) for controlled orientation and electrochemistry of Histidine-tagged nitrate reductase in self-assembled monolayers. Bioelectrochemistry 2013; 93:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Ludwig R, Ortiz R, Schulz C, Harreither W, Sygmund C, Gorton L. Cellobiose dehydrogenase modified electrodes: advances by materials science and biochemical engineering. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3637-58. [PMID: 23329127 PMCID: PMC3608873 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a versatile biorecognition element capable of detecting carbohydrates as well as quinones and catecholamines. In addition, it can be used as an anode biocatalyst for enzymatic biofuel cells to power miniaturised sensor-transmitter systems. Various electrode materials and designs have been tested in the past decade to utilize and enhance the direct electron transfer (DET) from the enzyme to the electrode. Additionally, mediated electron transfer (MET) approaches via soluble redox mediators and redox polymers have been pursued. Biosensors for cellobiose, lactose and glucose determination are based on CDH from different fungal producers, which show differences with respect to substrate specificity, pH optima, DET efficiency and surface binding affinity. Biosensors for the detection of quinones and catecholamines can use carbohydrates for analyte regeneration and signal amplification. This review discusses different approaches to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of CDH-based biosensors, which focus on (1) more efficient DET on chemically modified or nanostructured electrodes, (2) the synthesis of custom-made redox polymers for higher MET currents and (3) the engineering of enzymes and reaction pathways. Combination of these strategies will enable the design of sensitive and selective CDH-based biosensors with reduced electrode size for the detection of analytes in continuous on-site and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Ortiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 226 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Schulz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 226 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Harreither
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sygmund
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 226 46 Lund, Sweden
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Bier FF, Schumacher S. Integration in Bioanalysis: Technologies for Point-of-Care Testing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ortiz R, Matsumura H, Tasca F, Zahma K, Samejima M, Igarashi K, Ludwig R, Gorton L. Effect of deglycosylation of cellobiose dehydrogenases on the enhancement of direct electron transfer with electrodes. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10315-23. [PMID: 23106311 DOI: 10.1021/ac3022899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a monomeric extracellular flavocytochrome composed of a catalytic dehydrogenase domain (DH(CDH)) containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a cytochrome domain (CYT(CDH)) containing heme b, and a linker region connecting the two domains. In this work, the effect of deglycosylation on the electrochemical properties of CDH from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcCDH) and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CsCDH) is presented. All the glycosylated and deglycosylated enzymes show direct electron transfer (DET) between the CYT(CDH) and the electrode. Graphite electrodes modified with deglycosylated PcCDH (dPcCDH) and CsCDH (dCsCDH) have a 40-65% higher I(max) value in the presence of substrate than electrodes modified with their glycosylated counterparts. CsCDH trapped under a permselective membrane showed similar changes on gold electrodes protected by a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM), in contrast to PcCDH for which deglycosylation did not exhibit any different electrocatalytical response on SAM-modified gold electrodes. Glycosylated PcCDH was found to have a 30% bigger hydrodynamic radius than dPcCDH using dynamic light scattering. The basic bioelectrochemistry as well as the bioelectrocatalytic properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ortiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Sweden
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Yakovleva ME, Killyéni A, Ortiz R, Schulz C, MacAodha D, Conghaile PÓ, Leech D, Popescu IC, Gonaus C, Peterbauer CK, Gorton L. Recombinant pyranose dehydrogenase—A versatile enzyme possessing both mediated and direct electron transfer. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zafar MN, Safina G, Ludwig R, Gorton L. Characteristics of third-generation glucose biosensors based on Corynascus thermophilus cellobiose dehydrogenase immobilized on commercially available screen-printed electrodes working under physiological conditions. Anal Biochem 2012; 425:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gooding JJ, Darwish N. The rise of self-assembled monolayers for fabricating electrochemical biosensors-an interfacial perspective. CHEM REC 2011; 12:92-105. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Borgmann S, Schulte A, Neugebauer S, Schuhmann W. Amperometric Biosensors. ADVANCES IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527644117.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ley C, Holtmann D, Mangold KM, Schrader J. Immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins on electrodes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:539-51. [PMID: 21840689 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new enzyme immobilization techniques that do not affect catalytic activity or conformation of a protein is an important research task in biotechnology including biosensor applications and heterogeneous reaction systems. One of the most promising approaches for controlled protein immobilization is based on the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) principle originally developed for protein purification. Here we describe the current status and future perspectives of immobilization of His-tagged proteins on electrode surfaces. Recombinant proteins comprising histidine-tags or histidine rich native proteins have a strong affinity to transition metal ions. For metal ion immobilization at the electrode surface different matrices can be used such as self-assembled monolayers or conductive polymers. This specific technique allows a reversible immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins at electrodes in a defined orientation which is an important prerequisite for efficient electron transfer between the electrode and the biomolecule. Any application requiring immobilized biocatalysts on electrodes can make use of this immobilization approach, making future biosensors and biocatalytic technologies more sensitive, simpler, reusable and less expensive while only requiring mild enzyme modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ley
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Karl-Winnacker-Institut, DECHEMA e.V., Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Flexer V, Durand F, Tsujimura S, Mano N. Efficient direct electron transfer of PQQ-glucose dehydrogenase on carbon cryogel electrodes at neutral pH. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5721-7. [PMID: 21662989 DOI: 10.1021/ac200981r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the direct electron transfer reaction of soluble PQQ-GDH from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Wild-type PQQ-sGDH nonspecifically adsorbed on carbon cryogel electrodes retained its enzymatic activity for glucose and maltose oxidation at pH 7.2 and 37 °C. The cyclic voltammograms in the absence of enzymatic substrate showed 2 redox peaks that suggest a two-step, one-electron oxidation/reduction of PQQ. Calibration curves showed a linear amperometric response for a wide glucose concentration range, including the values normally found in blood. At saturation, the catalytic current reached 0.93 mA cm(-2). Altogether the experimental results suggest that the amperometric output of the electrodes and the shape of the calibration curves represent a combination of the intrinsic enzyme kinetics, the maximum rate of heterogeneous electron transfer and the substrate accessibility to the enzyme's active center caused by the confinement of the enzyme into the mesoporous structure. A new mutant enzyme, N428C, developed in our group that shows almost twice the maximum catalytic activity in homogeneous experiments in solution, also showed a DET signal on carbon cryogel electrodes for glucose electro-oxidation. The higher activity for the mutant enzyme was also verified on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Flexer
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP-UPR 8641-CNRS, Pessac, France
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Guascito MR, Chirizzi D, Malitesta C, Mazzotta E. Mediator-free amperometric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase entrapped in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. Analyst 2010; 136:164-73. [PMID: 20877902 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel amperometric biosensor for glucose detection is proposed. It is based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix directly drop casted on a platinum electrode surface (Pt/GOx-PVA). Glucose was determined in the absence of a mediator used to transfer electrons between the electrode and the enzyme. The correlation between peak current (i(p)) and scan rate has been verified and the effect of pH solution has been checked. Glucose detection has been performed amperometrically at -400 mV by using pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). Under the selected optimal conditions, the biosensor showed low detection limit (10 μM), wide dynamic range (0.1-37 mM) and high sensitivity. The biosensor amperometric response revealed it to be specific to glucose without significant interference from other sugars and electroactive species coexisting with glucose in biological fluids. Response stability was another interesting feature of the developed system as it was almost completely recovered when the biosensor was left in opportune storage conditions (i.e., a response decrease of only 13% after 35 days in air at room temperature). Finally, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterization revealed a homogeneous film deposited on the Pt substrate whose structure is also preserved under operative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rachele Guascito
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Guo CX, Li CM. Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase and biosensing of glucose on hollow sphere-nanostructured conducting polymer/metal oxide composite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12153-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kartashov AV, Serafini G, Dong M, Shipovskov S, Gazaryan I, Besenbacher F, Ferapontova EE. Long-range electron transfer in recombinant peroxidases anisotropically orientated on gold electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10098-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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