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Kim V, Semenov I, Kiester AS, Keppler MA, Ibey BL, Bixler JN, Colunga Biancatelli RML, Pakhomov AG. Control of the Electroporation Efficiency of Nanosecond Pulses by Swinging the Electric Field Vector Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10921. [PMID: 37446096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversing the pulse polarity, i.e., changing the electric field direction by 180°, inhibits electroporation and electrostimulation by nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs). This feature, known as "bipolar cancellation," enables selective remote targeting with nsEPs and reduces the neuromuscular side effects of ablation therapies. We analyzed the biophysical mechanisms and measured how cancellation weakens and is replaced by facilitation when nsEPs are applied from different directions at angles from 0 to 180°. Monolayers of endothelial cells were electroporated by a train of five pulses (600 ns) or five paired pulses (600 + 600 ns) applied at 1 Hz or 833 kHz. Reversing the electric field in the pairs (180° direction change) caused 2-fold (1 Hz) or 20-fold (833 kHz) weaker electroporation than the train of single nsEPs. Reducing the angle between pulse directions in the pairs weakened cancellation and replaced it with facilitation at angles <160° (1 Hz) and <130° (833 kHz). Facilitation plateaued at about three-fold stronger electroporation compared to single pulses at 90-100° angle for both nsEP frequencies. The profound dependence of the efficiency on the angle enables novel protocols for highly selective focal electroporation at one electrode in a three-electrode array while avoiding effects at the other electrodes. Nanosecond-resolution imaging of cell membrane potential was used to link the selectivity to charging kinetics by co- and counter-directional nsEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kim
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Allen S Kiester
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | | | - Bennett L Ibey
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Joel N Bixler
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Ruben M L Colunga Biancatelli
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Andrei G Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
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2
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Ibrahimi N, Vallet L, Andre FM, Rivaletto M, Novac BM, Mir LM, Pécastaing L. An Overview of Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Biological Effects: Toward Contactless Technologies for Cancer Treatment. Bioelectricity 2023. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Njomza Ibrahimi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Leslie Vallet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Franck M. Andre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Rivaletto
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Bucur M. Novac
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Pécastaing
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
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3
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Zhou J, Hung YC, Xie X. Application of electric field treatment (EFT) for microbial control in water and liquid food. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130561. [PMID: 37055970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water disinfection and food pasteurization are critical to reducing waterborne and foodborne diseases, which have been a pressing public health issue globally. Electrified treatment processes are emerging and have become promising alternatives due to the low cost of electricity, independence of chemicals, and low potential to form by-products. Electric field treatment (EFT) is a physical pathogen inactivation approach, which damages cell membrane by irreversible electroporation. EFT has been studied for both water disinfection and food pasteurization. However, no study has systematically connected the two fields with an up-to-date review. In this article, we first provide a comprehensive background of microbial control in water and food, followed by the introduction of EFT. Subsequently, we summarize the recent EFT studies for pathogen inactivation from three aspects, the processing parameters, its efficacy against different pathogens, and the impact of liquid properties on the inactivation performance. We also review the development of novel configurations and materials for EFT devices to address the current challenges of EFT. This review introduces EFT from an engineering perspective and may serve as a bridge to connect the field of environmental engineering and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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Noble BB, Todorova N, Yarovsky I. Electromagnetic bioeffects: a multiscale molecular simulation perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6327-6348. [PMID: 35245928 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic bioeffects remain an enigma from both the experimental and theoretical perspectives despite the ubiquitous presence of related technologies in contemporary life. Multiscale computational modelling can provide valuable insights into biochemical systems and predict how they will be perturbed by external stimuli. At a microscopic level, it can be used to determine what (sub)molecular scale reactions various stimuli might induce; at a macroscopic level, it can be used to examine how these changes affect dynamic behaviour of essential molecules within the crowded biomolecular milieu in living tissues. In this review, we summarise and evaluate recent computational studies that examined the impact of externally applied electric and electromagnetic fields on biologically relevant molecular systems. First, we briefly outline the various methodological approaches that have been employed to study static and oscillating field effects across different time and length scales. The practical value of such modelling is then illustrated through representative case-studies that showcase the diverse effects of electric and electromagnetic field on the main physiological solvent - water, and the essential biomolecules - DNA, proteins, lipids, as well as some novel biomedically relevant nanomaterials. The implications and relevance of the theoretical multiscale modelling to practical applications in therapeutic medicine are also discussed. Finally, we summarise ongoing challenges and potential opportunities for theoretical modelling to advance the current understanding of electromagnetic bioeffects for their modulation and/or beneficial exploitation in biomedicine and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Noble
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - Nevena Todorova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Australia
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Four Channel 6.5 kV, 65 A, 100 ns–100 µs Generator with Advanced Control of Pulse and Burst Protocols for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields in the sub-microsecond range are being increasingly used in biomedical and biotechnology applications, where the demand for high-voltage and high-frequency pulse generators with enhanced performance and pulse flexibility is pushing the limits of pulse power solid state technology. In the scope of this article, a new pulsed generator, which includes four independent MOSFET based Marx modulators, operating individually or combined, controlled from a computer user interface, is described. The generator is capable of applying different pulse shapes, from unipolar to bipolar pulses into biological loads, in symmetric and asymmetric modes, with voltages up to 6.5 kV and currents up to 65 A, in pulse widths from 100 ns to 100 µs, including short-circuit protection, current and voltage monitoring. This new scientific tool can open new research possibility due to the flexibility it provides in pulse generation, particularly in adjusting pulse width, polarity, and amplitude from pulse-to-pulse. It also permits operating in burst mode up to 5 MHz in four independent channels, for example in the application of synchronized asymmetric bipolar pulses, which is shown together with other characteristics of the generator.
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7
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Tolstykh GP, Valdez CM, Montgomery ND, Cantu JC, Sedelnikova A, Ibey BL. Intrinsic properties of primary hippocampal neurons contribute to PIP 2 depletion during nsEP-induced physiological response. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107930. [PMID: 34450563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High-energy, short-duration electric pulses (EPs) are known to be effective in neuromodulation, but the biological mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Recently, we discovered that nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs) could initiate the phosphatidylinositol4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion in non-excitable cells identical to agonist-induced activation of the Gq11 coupled receptors. PIP2 is the precursor for multiple intracellular second messengers critically involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and plasma membrane (PM) ion channels responsible for the control of neuronal excitability. In this paper we demonstrate a novel finding that five day in vitro (DIV5) primary hippocampal neurons (PHNs) undergo significantly higher PIP2 depletion after 7.5 kV/cm 600 ns EP exposure than DIV1 PHNs and day 1-5 (D1-D5) non-excitable Chinese hamster ovarian cells with muscarinic receptor 1 (CHO-hM1). Despite the age of development, the stronger 15 kV/cm 600 ns or longer 7.5 kV/cm 12 µs EP initiated profound PIP2 depletion in all cells studied, outlining damage of the cellular PM and electroporation. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of PHNs in concert with nanoporation explain the stronger neuronal response to nsEP at lower intensity exposures. PIP2 reduction in neurons could be a primary biological mechanism responsible for the stimulation or inhibition of neuronal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb P Tolstykh
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Christopher M Valdez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Noel D Montgomery
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Jody C Cantu
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | | | - Bennett L Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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8
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Cell transmembrane potential in contactless permeabilization by time-varying magnetic fields. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104587. [PMID: 34171642 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although experimental results proved the feasibility of using time-varying magnetic field as a contactless cells permeabilization method, the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study a numerical analysis of the time-dependent transmembrane potential (TMP) at cell membranes during permeabilization by time-varying magnetic fields was proposed, and a first quantification of mechanical stress induced by the magnetic and electric fields, hypothesized to play an important role in the permeabilization mechanism, was carried out. METHODS Starting from the simulation of real in vitro experimental conditions, the analysis was widened quantifying the influence of pulse frequency, cell dimension and distance of the cell from the magnetic field source. The mechanical pressure on cell membrane due to the interaction between free charges and induced electric field and due to the gradient of the magnetic field was quantified in all those conditions in which the TMP values were not high enough to cause membrane permeabilization. RESULTS TMP values induced by typical in-vitro experimental conditions were far below the values needed for membrane permeabilization, with a strong dependence on pulse frequency and distance of the cell from the coil. CONCLUSION The preliminary assessment of the mechanical pressure on cell membrane showed that stress values evaluated in conditions in which TMP values were too low to cause membrane permeabilization were comparable to those known to influence the pores opening mechanisms. Results represent a significant step towards a better comprehension of the mechanism underlying cell membrane permeabilization by time-varying magnetic fields.
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9
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Rajabi F, Gusbeth C, Frey W, Maisch J, Nick P. Nanosecond pulsed electrical fields enhance product recovery in plant cell fermentation. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1585-1594. [PMID: 32651872 PMCID: PMC7567687 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The potential of pharmacologically active secondary plant metabolites is limited by the low yield from often rare plants, and the lack of economically feasible chemical synthesis of these complex compounds. Plant cell fermentation offers an alternative strategy to overcome these constraints. However, the efficiency of this approach is limited by intracellular sequestration of the products, such that continuous bioprocessing is not possible. As a precondition for such a, more attractive, continuous process, it is of great importance to stimulate the export of the product into the medium without impairing viability and, thus, the productivity of the cells. Using nicotine alkaloids of tobacco as a case study, an alternative strategy is explored, where nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are applied for the efficient downstream recovery of the products. To maintain cell viability and allow for the further use of biomass, cells were exposed to strong (1-20 kV·cm-1), but very short (10-100 ns) electric pulses, which leads to a temporary permeabilisation of cell membranes. Using two transgenic cell lines, where two key genes involved in the metabolism of the anti-Alzheimer compound nornicotine were overexpressed, we could show that this nsPEF treatment improved the partitioning of some nicotine alkaloids to the culture medium without impairing viability, nor the synthesis of alkaloids. However, this release was only partial and did not work for nornicotine. Thus, nsPEFs produced a fractionation of alkaloids. We explain this electrofractionation by a working model considering the differential intracellular compartmentalization of nicotineic alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rajabi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Gusbeth
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Maisch
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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10
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Li K, Ning T, Wang H, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Ge Z. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields enhance mesenchymal stem cells differentiation via DNMT1-regulated OCT4/NANOG gene expression. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32698858 PMCID: PMC7374836 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple strategies have been proposed to promote the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which is the fundamental property in tissue formation and regeneration. However, these strategies are relatively inefficient that limit the application. In this study, we reported a novel and efficient strategy, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) stimulation, which can enhance the trilineage differentiation potential of MSCs, and further explained the mechanism behind. Methods We used histological staining to screen out the nsPEFs parameters that promoted the trilineage differentiation potential of MSCs, and further proved the effect of nsPEFs by detecting the functional genes. In order to explore the corresponding mechanism, we examined the expression of pluripotency genes and the methylation status of their promoters. Finally, we targeted the DNA methyltransferase which was affected by nsPEFs. Results The trilineage differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs was significantly enhanced in vitro by simply pre-treating with 5 pulses of nsPEFs stimulation (energy levels as 10 ns, 20 kV/cm; 100 ns, 10 kV/cm), due to that the nsPEFs demethylated the promoters of stem cell pluripotency genes OCT4 and NANOG through instantaneous downregulation of DNA methylation transferase 1 (DNMT1), thereby increasing the expression of OCT4 and NANOG for up to 3 days, and created a treatment window period of stem cells. Conclusions In summary, nsPEFs can enhance MSCs differentiation via the epigenetic regulation and could be a safe and effective strategy for future stem cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tong Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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11
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Xiao S, Zou X, Huynh K, Yamada R, Petrella R, Bani Hani M, Beebe S. A High-Power Dielectric Biconical Antenna for Treatment of Subcutaneous Targets. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:413-424. [PMID: 32533598 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A dielectric biconical antenna (DiBiCA) for radiating subnanosecond pulses to treat subcutaneous tissue was designed, constructed, and tested. It is composed of a conical wave launcher and truncated conical emitter. In between, there is a short cylinder that provides a space for a ring terminating resistor. The material of the antenna has a dielectric constant of 28, so its size is small (length: 7 cm and aperture diameter: 2.2 cm). It was housed in an oil container to withstand high voltages and avoid surface flashover. The radiated electric field, measured in water, increased as the input voltage increased up to 30 kV but leveled off for higher voltages up to 50 kV, presumably because of losses in the antenna dielectric. The maximum field was 1.5 kV/cm for a depth of 5 mm and 1.0 kV/cm for a depth of 20 mm. Although the dielectric loss mechanism remains to be investigated, the antenna can be useful for noninvasive delivery of subnanosecond pulses to induce biological responses on subcutaneous targets. The DiBiCA radiated pulses were shown to change the viabilities of dendritic cells and macrophages for 10-min exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:413-424. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xiao
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Xianbing Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Communication, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Khiem Huynh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ross Petrella
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Maisoun Bani Hani
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Stephen Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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12
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Extracellular-Ca 2+-Induced Decrease in Small Molecule Electrotransfer Efficiency: Comparison between Microsecond and Nanosecond Electric Pulses. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050422. [PMID: 32375426 PMCID: PMC7285190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation—a transient electric-field-induced increase in cell membrane permeability—can be used to facilitate the delivery of anticancer drugs for antitumour electrochemotherapy. In recent years, Ca2+ electroporation has emerged as an alternative modality to electrochemotherapy. The antitumor effect of calcium electroporation is achieved as a result of the introduction of supraphysiological calcium doses. However, calcium is also known to play a key role in membrane resealing, potentially altering the pore dynamics and molecular delivery during electroporation. To elucidate the role of calcium for the electrotransfer of small charged molecule into cell we have performed experiments using nano- and micro-second electric pulses. The results demonstrate that extracellular calcium ions inhibit the electrotransfer of small charged molecules. Experiments revealed that this effect is related to an increased rate of membrane resealing. We also employed mathematical modelling methods in order to explain the differences between the CaCl2 effects after the application of nano- and micro-second duration electric pulses. Simulation showed that these differences occur due to the changes in transmembrane voltage generation in response to the increase in specific conductivity when CaCl2 concentration is increased.
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Graybill PM, Davalos RV. Cytoskeletal Disruption after Electroporation and Its Significance to Pulsed Electric Field Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1132. [PMID: 32366043 PMCID: PMC7281591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have become clinically important through the success of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), Electrochemotherapy (ECT), and nanosecond PEFs (nsPEFs) for the treatment of tumors. PEFs increase the permeability of cell membranes, a phenomenon known as electroporation. In addition to well-known membrane effects, PEFs can cause profound cytoskeletal disruption. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of cytoskeletal disruption after PEFs. Compiling available studies, we describe PEF-induced cytoskeletal disruption and possible mechanisms of disruption. Additionally, we consider how cytoskeletal alterations contribute to cell-cell and cell-substrate disruption. We conclude with a discussion of cytoskeletal disruption-induced anti-vascular effects of PEFs and consider how a better understanding of cytoskeletal disruption after PEFs may lead to more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Graybill
- BEMS Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- BEMS Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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14
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Capacitive coupling increases the accuracy of cell-specific tumour disruption by electric fields. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107495. [PMID: 32182566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation holds great potential for cell-specific lysis due to the size-dependent susceptibility of cells to externally imposed electric fields. Previous attempts at selective cell lysis lead to significant overlap between affected populations and struggle with inconsistent biological outcome. We propose that charge transfer at the electrode-liquid interface is responsible by inducing multifactorial effects originating from both the electric field and electrochemical reactions. A promising remedy is the coating of electrodes with a high-k dielectric layer. The resulting capacitive coupling restores the selective potential of electric field mediated lysis in a microfluidic setup. Initial experiments show the consistent depletion of erythrocytes from whole blood while leaving leukocytes intact. The same is true for the reproducible and selective depletion of Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in a mixture with leukocytes. Unexpectedly, the observed order of lysis cannot be correlated with cell size. This implies that the cellular response to capacitive coupling features a selective characteristic that is different from conventional lysis configurations.
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15
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Novickij V, Rembialkowska N, Staigvila G, Kulbacka J. Effects of extracellular medium conductivity on cell response in the context of sub-microsecond range calcium electroporation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3718. [PMID: 32111987 PMCID: PMC7048766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we report the effects of extracellular medium conductivity on cell response in the context of sub-microsecond range (100 ns-900 ns) electroporation, calcium electroporation and cell size. The effects of 25 ns and microsecond range (100 μs) pulses were also covered. As a model, three different cancer cell lines of various size (C32, MCF-7/DX and MC38/0) were used and the results indicated different size-dependent susceptibility patterns to the treatment. The applied pulsed electric field (PEF) protocols revealed a significant decrease of cell viability when calcium electroporation was used. The dependence of calcium ion transport and finally the anticancer effect on the external medium conductivity was determined. It was shown that small differences in conductivity do not alter viability significantly, however, mostly affect the permeabilization. At the same, MC38/0 cell line was the least susceptible to calcium electroporation, while the C32 line the most. In all cases calcium electroporation was mostly dependent on the sensitivity of cells to electroporation and could not be effectively improved by the increase of CaCl2 concentration from 2 mM to 5 mM. Lastly, sub-microsecond PEF stimulated aquaporin-4 and VDAC1/Porin immunoreactions in all treated cells lines, which indicated that cell water balance is affected, ions exchange is increased and release of mitochondrial products is occurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Nina Rembialkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gediminas Staigvila
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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16
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A Comprehensive Review of Calcium Electroporation -A Novel Cancer Treatment Modality. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020290. [PMID: 31991784 PMCID: PMC7073222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anti-cancer treatment where high calcium concentrations are introduced into cells by electroporation, a method where short, high voltage pulses induce transient permeabilisation of the plasma membrane allowing passage of molecules into the cytosol. Calcium is a tightly regulated, ubiquitous second messenger involved in many cellular processes including cell death. Electroporation increases calcium uptake leading to acute and severe ATP depletion associated with cancer cell death. This comprehensive review describes published data about calcium electroporation applied in vitro, in vivo, and clinically from the first publication in 2012. Calcium electroporation has been shown to be a safe and efficient anti-cancer treatment in clinical studies with cutaneous metastases and recurrent head and neck cancer. Normal cells have been shown to be less affected by calcium electroporation than cancer cells and this difference might be partly induced by differences in membrane repair, expression of calcium transporters, and cellular structural changes. Interestingly, both clinical data and preclinical studies have indicated a systemic immune response induced by calcium electroporation. New cancer treatments are needed, and calcium electroporation represents an inexpensive and efficient treatment with few side effects, that could potentially be used worldwide and for different tumor types.
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17
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Průša J, Cifra M. Molecular dynamics simulation of the nanosecond pulsed electric field effect on kinesin nanomotor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19721. [PMID: 31873109 PMCID: PMC6928163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin is a biological molecular nanomotor which converts chemical energy into mechanical work. To fulfill various nanotechnological tasks in engineered environments, the function of biological molecular motors can be altered by artificial chemical modifications. The drawback of this approach is the necessity of designing and creating a new motor construct for every new task. We propose that intense nanosecond-scale pulsed electric field could modify the function of nanomotors. To explore this hypothesis, we performed molecular dynamics simulation of a kinesin motor domain docked on a subunit of its microtubule track - a single tubulin heterodimer. In the simulation, we exposed the kinesin motor domain to intense (100 MV/m) electric field up to 30 ns. We found that both the magnitude and angle of the kinesin dipole moment are affected. Furthermore, we found that the electric field affects contact surface area between kinesin and tubulin, the structure and dynamics of the functionally important kinesin segments, including microtubule binding motifs as well as nucleotide hydrolysis site which power the nanomotor. These findings indicate that external intense nanosecond-scale electric field could alter kinesin behavior. Our results contribute to developing novel electromagnetic methods for modulating the function of biomolecular matter at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Průša
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 1014/57, Prague, 18251, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberska 1014/57, Prague, 18251, Czech Republic.
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18
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Wimberger T, Peham JR, Ehmoser EK, Wassermann KJ. Controllable cell manipulation in a microfluidic pipette-tip design using capacitive coupling of electric fields. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3997-4006. [PMID: 31667478 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systems designed toward cell manipulation by electric fields are inherently challenged by energy dissipation along the electrode-electrolyte interface. A promising remedy is the introduction of high-k electrode passivation, enabling efficient capacitive coupling of electric fields into biological samples. We present the implementation of this strategy in a reusable pipette tip design featuring a 10 μl chamber volume for life science applications. Prototype validation and comparison to conductive gold-coated electrodes reveal a consistent and controllable biological effect that significantly increases the reproducibility of lysis events. The system provides precise descriptions of HEK-293 lysis dependency to variables such as field strength, frequency, and conductivity. Over 80% of cells were reversibly electroporated with minimal electrical lysis over a broad range of field settings. Successful transfection requires exponential decay pulses and showcases how modulating capacitive coupling can advance our understanding of fundamental mechanics in the field of electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Wimberger
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria. and University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department for Nanobiotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes R Peham
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department for Nanobiotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens J Wassermann
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Buchmann L, Mathys A. Perspective on Pulsed Electric Field Treatment in the Bio-based Industry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:265. [PMID: 31681745 PMCID: PMC6805697 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bio-based industry is urged to find solutions to meet the demands of a growing world population. In this context, increased resource efficiency is a major goal. Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing is a promising technological solution. Conventional PEF and the emerging area of nanosecond PEF (nsPEF) have been shown to induce various biological effects, with nsPEF inducing pronounced intracellular effects, which could provide solutions for currently faced challenges. Based on the flexibility and continuous operation of PEF and nsPEF processing, the technology can be integrated into many existing cultivation systems; its modularity provides an approach for inducing specific effects. Depending on the treatment conditions, selective inactivation, continuous extraction without impeding cell viability, as well as the stimulation of cell growth and/or cellular compound stimulation are potential applications in the bio-based industry. However, continuous treatment currently involves heterogeneous energy inputs. Increasing the homogeneity of PEF and nsPEF processing by considering the flow and electric field heterogeneity may allow for more targeted effects on biological cells, further increasing the potential of the technology for bio-based applications. We provide an overview of existing and potential applications of PEF and nsPEF and suggest that theoretical and practical analyses of flow and electric field heterogeneity may provide a basis for obtaining more targeted effects on biological cells and for further increasing the bio-based applications of the technology, which thereby could become a key technology for circular economy approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Buchmann
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, IFNH, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, IFNH, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Vadlamani RA, Nie Y, Detwiler DA, Dhanabal A, Kraft AM, Kuang S, Gavin TP, Garner AL. Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and myoblasts. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190079. [PMID: 31213169 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity electric fields can induce changes in cell differentiation and cytoskeletal stresses that facilitate manipulation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells; however, the application times (tens of minutes) are of the order of physiological mechanisms, which can complicate treatment consistency. Intense nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can overcome these challenges by inducing similar stresses on shorter timescales while additionally inducing plasma membrane nanoporation, ion transport and intracellular structure manipulation. This paper shows that treating myoblasts and osteoblasts with five 300 ns PEFs with intensities from 1.5 to 25 kV cm-1 increased proliferation and differentiation. While nsPEFs above 5 kV cm-1 decreased myoblast population growth, 10 and 20 kV cm-1 trains increased myoblast population by approximately fivefold 48 h after exposure when all cell densities were set to the same level after exposure. Three trials of the PEF-treated osteoblasts showed that PEF trains between 2.5 and 10 kV cm-1 induced the greatest population growth compared to the control 48 h after treatment. Trains of nsPEFs between 1.5 and 5 kV cm-1 induced the most nodule formation in osteoblasts, indicating bone formation. These results demonstrate the potential utility for nsPEFs to rapidly modulate stem cells for proliferation and differentiation and motivate future experiments to optimize PEF parameters for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Anand Vadlamani
- 1 School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- 2 Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | | | - Agni Dhanabal
- 3 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Alan M Kraft
- 1 School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- 4 Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- 2 Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Allen L Garner
- 1 School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA.,3 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA.,5 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
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21
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Influence of the electrode material on ROS generation and electroporation efficiency in low and high frequency nanosecond pulse range. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 127:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Perrier DL, Vahid A, Kathavi V, Stam L, Rems L, Mulla Y, Muralidharan A, Koenderink GH, Kreutzer MT, Boukany PE. Response of an actin network in vesicles under electric pulses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8151. [PMID: 31148577 PMCID: PMC6544639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the role of a biomimetic actin network during the application of electric pulses that induce electroporation or electropermeabilization, using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a model system. The actin cortex, a subjacently attached interconnected network of actin filaments, regulates the shape and mechanical properties of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, and is a major factor influencing the mechanical response of the cell to external physical cues. We demonstrate that the presence of an actin shell inhibits the formation of macropores in the electroporated GUVs. Additionally, experiments on the uptake of dye molecules after electroporation show that the actin network slows down the resealing process of the permeabilized membrane. We further analyze the stability of the actin network inside the GUVs exposed to high electric pulses. We find disruption of the actin layer that is likely due to the electrophoretic forces acting on the actin filaments during the permeabilization of the GUVs. Our findings on the GUVs containing a biomimetic network provide a step towards understanding the discrepancies between the electroporation mechanism of a living cell and its simplified model of the empty GUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayinta L Perrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Afshin Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vaishnavi Kathavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Stam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Rems
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yuval Mulla
- AMOLF, Department of Living Matter, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biological Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel T Kreutzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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23
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Ning T, Guo J, Zhang K, Li K, Zhang J, Yang Z, Ge Z. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields enhanced chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells via JNK/CREB-STAT3 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:45. [PMID: 30678730 PMCID: PMC6346554 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can produce more significant biological effects than traditional electric fields and have thus attracted rising attention in developing medical applications based on short pulse duration and high field strength, such as effective cancer therapy. However, little is known about their effects on the differentiation of stem cells. Furthermore, mechanisms of electric fields on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain elusive, and effects of electric fields on cartilage regeneration need to be verified in vivo. Here, we aimed to study the effects of nsPEFs on chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and in vivo and further to explore the mechanisms behind the phenomenon. Methods The effects of nsPEF-preconditioning on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro were evaluated using cell viability, gene expression, glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content, and histological staining, as well as in vivo cartilage regeneration in osteochondral defects of rats. Signaling pathways were investigated with protein expression and gene expression, respectively. Results nsPEF-preconditioning with proper parameters (10 ns at 20 kV/cm, 100 ns at 10 kV/cm) significantly potentiated chondrogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs with upregulated cartilaginous gene expression and increased matrix deposition through activation of C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), followed by activation of downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3). Implantation of nsPEF-preconditioned MSCs significantly enhanced cartilage regeneration in vivo, compared with implantation of non-nsPEF-preconditioned MSCs. Conclusion This study demonstrates a unique approach of nsPEF treatment to potentiate the chondrogenic ability of MSCs through activation of JNK/CREB-STAT3 that could have translational potential for MSC-based cartilage regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1133-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ning
- , Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kejia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Center for BioMed-X Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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24
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Ruzgys P, Novickij V, Novickij J, Šatkauskas S. Nanosecond range electric pulse application as a non-viral gene delivery method: proof of concept. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15502. [PMID: 30341389 PMCID: PMC6195529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current electrotransfection protocols are well-established for decades and, as a rule, employ long micro-millisecond range electric field pulses to facilitate DNA transfer while application of nanosecond range pulses is limited. The purpose of this paper is to show that the transfection using ultrashort pulses is possible by regulating the pulse repetition frequency. We have used 200 ns pulses (10-18 kV/cm) in bursts of ten with varied repetition frequency (1 Hz-1 MHz). The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were used as a cell model. Experiments were performed using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase (LUC) coding plasmids. Transfection expression levels were evaluated using flow cytometry or luminometer. It was shown that with the increase of frequency from 100 kHz to 1 MHz, the transfection expression levels increased up to 17% with minimal decrease in cell viability. The LUC coding plasmid was transferred more efficiently using high frequency bursts compared to single pulses of equivalent energy. The first proof of concept for frequency-controlled nanosecond electrotransfection was shown, which can find application as a new non-viral gene delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Ruzgys
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos g. 8-212, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos g. 8-212, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
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25
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Guo J, Dong F, Ding L, Wang K, Zhang J, Fang J. A novel drug-free strategy of nano-pulse stimulation sequence (NPSS) in oral cancer therapy: In vitro and in vivo study. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 123:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Nanosecond Electric Pulses Induce Early and Late Phases of DNA Damage and Cell Death in Cisplatin-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4504895. [PMID: 30186858 PMCID: PMC6112222 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4504895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a challenge for management of ovarian cancer, and therefore the response of resistant cells to nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) was explored. Human ovarian cancer cell line COC1 and the cisplatin-resistant subline COC1/DDP were subjected to nsEP (32 ns, 10 kV/cm, 10 Hz pulse repletion frequency, and 10 min exposure duration), and then the cellular responses were followed. The percentages of dead cells and of comet-formed cells in the alkaline assay displayed two peak levels (i.e., 2 and 8 h after nsEP exposure), with the highest value noted at 8 h; the percentage of comet-formed cells in the neutral assay was increased at 8 h; the apoptotic percentage was increased at 8 h, with collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. The comet assay demonstrated DNA single-strand break at 2 h and double-strand break at 8 h. nsEP resulted in lower cytotoxicity in COC1/DDP cells compared with COC1 cells. These findings indicated that nsEP induced early and late phases of DNA damage and cell death, and these two types of cell death may have distinct applications to treatments of chemoresistant ovarian cancers.
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27
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Novickij V, Švedienė J, Paškevičius A, Markovskaja S, Lastauskienė E, Zinkevičienė A, Girkontaitė I, Novickij J. Induction of Different Sensitization Patterns of MRSA to Antibiotics Using Electroporation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071799. [PMID: 30037022 PMCID: PMC6100619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bacteria-associated infections is complicated and antibiotic treatment alone is often inadequate to overcome biofilm infections. Physical methods allow overcoming this problem and propose solutions that are non-dependent on drug resistance. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of pulsed electric fields for sensitization of MRSA to common antibiotics. We analyzed the efficacy of inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 5–20 kV/cm electric field separately and in combination with gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. Combined treatment allowed using up to 1000-fold smaller concentrations of antibiotics to induce the same inactivation of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko st. 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jurgita Švedienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Algimantas Paškevičius
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Laboratory of Microbiology of the Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Clinics, Santariskiu g. 2, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Svetlana Markovskaja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų ežerų st. 49, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Eglė Lastauskienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių st. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Irutė Girkontaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariškių st. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Naugarduko st. 41, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Begum A, Chiba R, Ishijima T, Kakikawa M, Taoka A, Pervez MR, Innomata T, Uesugi Y, Tanaka Y. Gradual Deformation of Bacterial Cell Morphology Due to the Effect of Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet-Treated Water (PTW). IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2018.2829176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Atomistic Simulations of Electroporation of Model Cell Membranes. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2018; 227:1-15. [PMID: 28980037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56895-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a phenomenon that modifies the fundamental function of the cell since it perturbs transiently or permanently the integrity of its membrane. Today, this technique is applied in fields ranging from biology and biotechnology to medicine, e.g., for drug and gene delivery into cells, tumor therapy, etc., in which it made it to preclinical and clinical treatments. Experimentally, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of cell membranes, it is difficult to provide a description of the electroporation phenomenon in terms of atomically resolved structural and dynamical processes, a prerequisite to optimize its use. Atomistic modeling in general and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in particular have proven to be an effective approach for providing such a level of detail. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive account of recent advances in using such a technique to complement conventional experimental approaches in characterizing several aspects of cell membranes electroporation.
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30
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Schoenbach KH. From the basic science of biological effects of ultrashort electrical pulses to medical therapies. Bioelectromagnetics 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl H. Schoenbach
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics; Old Dominion University; Norfolk Virginia
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31
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Damage-free peripheral nerve stimulation by 12-ns pulsed electric field. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10453. [PMID: 28874684 PMCID: PMC5585227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technologies enable deep tissue focusing of nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) for non-invasive nerve and muscle stimulation. However, it is not known if PEF orders of magnitude shorter than the activation time of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) would evoke action potentials (APs). One plausible scenario requires the loss of membrane integrity (electroporation) and resulting depolarization as an intermediate step. We report, for the first time, that the excitation of a peripheral nerve can be accomplished by 12-ns PEF without electroporation. 12-ns stimuli at 4.1-11 kV (3.3-8.8 kV/cm) evoked APs similarly to conventional stimuli (100-250 μs, 1-5 V, 103-515 V/m), except for having higher selectivity for the faster nerve fibers. Nerves sustained repeated tetanic stimulations (50 Hz or 100 Hz for 1 min) alternately by 12-ns PEF and by conventional pulses. Such tetani caused a modest AP decrease, to a similar extent for both types of stimuli. Nerve refractory properties were not affected. The lack of cumulative damages even from tens of thousands of 12-ns stimuli and the similarities with the conventional stimulation prove VGSC activation by nsPEF without nerve membrane damage.
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Novickij V, Švedienė J, Paškevičius A, Novickij J. In vitro evaluation of nanosecond electroporation against Trichophyton rubrum with or without antifungal drugs and terpenes. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Denzi A, Escobar JAA, Nasta C, Merla C, Benassi B, Consales C, Apollonio F, Liberti M. A microdosimetry study for a realistic shaped nucleus. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:4189-4192. [PMID: 28269206 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of ultrashort pulsed electric fields have been investigated demonstrating their capability to be involved in a great number of medical applications (e.g. cancer, gene electrotransfer, drug delivery, electrofusion). In particular, experiments in literature demonstrate that internal structures can be involved when pulse duration is reduced. Up to now, the mechanism that permits the electroporation phenomenon has not been completely understood and hence atomistic, microdosimetry and dosimetry models have been developed to help in this field. Aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of realistically model also the internal organelles to obtain predictive results of effects at sub-cellular level with a microdosimetry model.
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Tolstykh GP, Tarango M, Roth CC, Ibey BL. Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced dose dependent phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate signaling and intracellular electro-sensitization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:438-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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How transient alterations of organelles in mammalian cells submitted to electric field may explain some aspects of gene electrotransfer process. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tolstykh GP, Thompson GL, Beier HT, Steelman ZA, Ibey BL. nsPEF-induced PIP 2 depletion, PLC activity and actin cytoskeletal cortex remodeling are responsible for post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 9:36-41. [PMID: 28955986 PMCID: PMC5614542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell swelling and blebbing has been commonly observed following nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. The hypothesized origin of these effects is nanoporation of the plasma membrane (PM) followed by transmembrane diffusion of extracellular fluid and disassembly of cortical actin structures. This investigation will provide evidence that shows passive movement of fluid into the cell through nanopores and increase of intracellular osmotic pressure are not solely responsible for this observed phenomena. We demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion and hydrolysis are critical steps in the chain reaction leading to cellular blebbing and swelling. PIP2 is heavily involved in osmoregulation by modulation of ion channels and also serves as an intracellular membrane anchor to cortical actin and phospholipase C (PLC). Given the rather critical role that PIP2 depletion appears to play in the response of cells to nsPEF exposure, it remains unclear how its downstream effects and, specifically, ion channel regulation may contribute to cellular swelling, blebbing, and unknown mechanisms of the lasting “permeabilization” of the PM. Nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs) of high amplitude induce hydrolysis of PIP2. PLC activation is leading to post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing. Ion channels modulation and nanoporation are responsible for cellular swelling. Cortical actin dissociation after PIP2 depletion is critical for cellular blebbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb P. Tolstykh
- General Dynamics Information Technology, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Corespondence to: General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Gary L. Thompson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hope T. Beier
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Bennett L. Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
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Novickij V, Grainys A, Lastauskienė E, Kananavičiūtė R, Pamedytytė D, Kalėdienė L, Novickij J, Miklavčič D. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Assisted in vitro Electroporation: A Pilot Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33537. [PMID: 27634482 PMCID: PMC5025861 DOI: 10.1038/srep33537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is a phenomenon occurring due to exposure of cells to Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) which leads to increase of membrane permeability. Electroporation is used in medicine, biotechnology, and food processing. Recently, as an alternative to electroporation by PEF, Pulsed ElectroMagnetic Fields (PEMF) application causing similar biological effects was suggested. Since induced electric field in PEMF however is 2–3 magnitudes lower than in PEF electroporation, the membrane permeabilization mechanism remains hypothetical. We have designed pilot experiments where Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida lusitaniae cells were subjected to single 100–250 μs electrical pulse of 800 V with and without concomitant delivery of magnetic pulse (3, 6 and 9 T). As expected, after the PEF pulses only the number of Propidium Iodide (PI) fluorescent cells has increased, indicative of membrane permeabilization. We further show that single sub-millisecond magnetic field pulse did not cause detectable poration of yeast. Concomitant exposure of cells to pulsed electric (PEF) and magnetic field (PMF) however resulted in the increased number PI fluorescent cells and reduced viability. Our results show increased membrane permeability by PEF when combined with magnetic field pulse, which can explain electroporation at considerably lower electric field strengths induced by PEMF compared to classical electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius, 03227, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Grainys
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius, 03227, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Lastauskienė
- Vilnius University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Kananavičiūtė
- Vilnius University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Pamedytytė
- Vilnius University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Vilnius University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vilnius, 03101, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius, 03227, Lithuania
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
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Yin S, Chen X, Xie H, Zhou L, Guo D, Xu Y, Wu L, Zheng S. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) enhance cytotoxicity of cisplatin to hepatocellular cells by microdomain disruption on plasma membrane. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:233-40. [PMID: 27375200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) can ablate solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but its effect on cell membrane is not fully understood. We hypothesized nsPEF disrupt the microdomains on outer-cellular membrane with direct mechanical force and as a result the plasma membrane permeability increases to facilitate the small molecule intake. Three HCC cells were pulsed one pulse per minute, an interval longer than nanopore resealing time. The cationized ferritin was used to mark up the electronegative microdomains, propidium iodide (PI) for membrane permeabilization, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for the negative cell surface charge and cisplatin for inner-cellular cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that the ferritin marked-microdomain and negative cell surface charge were disrupted by nsPEF caused-mechanical force. The cell uptake of propidium and cytotoxicity of DNA-targeted cisplatin increased with a dose effect. Cisplatin gains its maximum inner-cellular cytotoxicity when combining with nsPEF stimulation. We conclude that nsPEF disrupt the microdomains on the outer cellular membrane directly and increase the membrane permeabilization for PI and cisplatin. The microdomain disruption and membrane infiltration changes are caused by the mechanical force from the changes of negative cell surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danjing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Casciola M, Tarek M. A molecular insight into the electro-transfer of small molecules through electropores driven by electric fields. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2278-2289. [PMID: 27018309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transport of chemical compounds across the plasma membrane into the cell is relevant for several biological and medical applications. One of the most efficient techniques to enhance this uptake is reversible electroporation. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanism of transport of chemical species (dyes, drugs, genetic materials, …) following the application of electric pulses is not yet fully elucidated. In the past decade, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been conducted to model the effect of pulsed electric fields on membranes, describing several aspects of this phenomenon. Here, we first present a comprehensive review of the results obtained so far modeling the electroporation of lipid membranes, then we extend these findings to study the electrotransfer across lipid bilayers subject to microsecond pulsed electric fields of Tat11, a small hydrophilic charged peptide, and of siRNA. We use in particular a MD simulation protocol that allows to characterize the transport of charged species through stable pores. Unexpectedly, our results show that for an electroporated bilayer subject to transmembrane voltages in the order of 500mV, i.e. consistent with experimental conditions, both Tat11 and siRNA can translocate through nanoelectropores within tens of ns. We discuss these results in comparison to experiments in order to rationalize the mechanism of drug uptake by cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Casciola
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (D.I.E.T), Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France; CNRS, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
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Orbán C, Pérez-García E, Bajnok A, McBean G, Toldi G, Blanco-Fernandez A. Real time kinetic flow cytometry measurements of cellular parameter changes evoked by nanosecond pulsed electric field. Cytometry A 2016; 89:472-9. [PMID: 26990601 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel method to increase cell proliferation rate. The phenomenon is based on the microporation of cellular organelles and membranes. However, we have limited information on the effects of nsPEF on cell physiology. Several studies have attempted to describe the effects of this process, however no real time measurements have been conducted to date. In this study we designed a model system which allows the measurement of cellular processes before, during and after nsPEF treatment in real time. The system employs a Vabrema Mitoplicator(TM) nsPEF field generating instrument connected to a BD Accuri C6 cytometer with a silicon tube led through a peristaltic pump. This model system was applied to observe the effects of nsPEF in mammalian C6 glioblastoma (C6 glioma) and HEK-293 cell lines. Viability (using DRAQ7 dye), intracellular calcium levels (using Fluo-4 dye) and scatter characteristics were measured in a kinetic manner. Data were analyzed using the FACSKin software. The viability and morphology of the investigated cells was not altered upon nsPEF treatment. The response of HEK-293 cells to ionomycin as positive control was significantly lower in the nsPEF treated samples compared to non-treated cells. This difference was not observed in C6 cells. FSC and SSC values were not altered significantly by the nsPEF treatment. Our results indicate that this model system is capable of reliably investigating the effects of nsPEF on cellular processes in real time. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Orbán
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross street 27, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary.,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Vas street 17, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Esther Pérez-García
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anna Bajnok
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross street 27, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Gethin McBean
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gergely Toldi
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross street 27, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Alfonso Blanco-Fernandez
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Lamberti P, Romeo S, Sannino A, Zeni L, Zeni O. The Role of Pulse Repetition Rate in nsPEF-Induced Electroporation: A Biological and Numerical Investigation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2234-43. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2419813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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