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Zang L, Yang XL, Xu H, Deng YJ, Yue ZX, Song HL. Alleviating membrane fouling by enhanced bioelectricity generation via internal reflux of sludge mixed liquor in microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor (MFC-MBR) coupling system. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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2
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Zeyu Z, Guo H, Huang C, Geng X, Jia X, Huo H, Li F, Jianfei G. Influence of power generation period on the oily sludge bio-electrical system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:987-997. [PMID: 36853775 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The single-chamber bio-electrical systems can degrade oily sludge in sediments while generating electricity from the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and their characteristics in energy and environmental effects have attracted wide international attention in recent years. To explore the influence of the power generation period on the oily sludge bio-electrical system, an oily sludge bio-electrical system was constructed. The output voltage, polarization curve, power density curve, crude oil removal rate and microflora were detected during different power generation periods, respectively. The results of this study showed that under the stable power generation period, the power generation and oily sludge degradation performance of MFC are higher than the voltage rise period and voltage attenuation period. Besides, the oily sludge bio-electrical system during the stable period contained more electricity-producing bacteria than the other two periods. The voltage in the stable period of oily sludge bio-electrical system is about 280 mV, the electromotive force is 493.1 mV and the power density is 134.93 mW·m-3. It lays a foundation for the improvement of degradation of crude oil and power generation performance in oily sludge bio-electrical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zeyu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
| | - Haiying Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
| | - Chunfeng Huang
- Shengli Oilfield Petroleum Development Center Co. Ltd, Dongying 257100, China
| | - Xiaoheng Geng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
| | - Xinlei Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
| | - Hongjun Huo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
| | - Fanru Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
| | - Gao Jianfei
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China E-mail:
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3
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Deka R, Shreya S, Mourya M, Sirotiya V, Rai A, Khan MJ, Ahirwar A, Schoefs B, Bilal M, Saratale GD, Marchand J, Saratale RG, Varjani S, Vinayak V. A techno-economic approach for eliminating dye pollutants from industrial effluent employing microalgae through microbial fuel cells: Barriers and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113454. [PMID: 35597291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells are biochemical factories which besides recycling wastewater are electricity generators, if their low power density can be scaled up. This also adds up to work on many factors responsible to increase the cost of running a microbial fuel cell. As a result, the first step is to use environment friendly dead organic algae biomass or even living algae cells in a microbial fuel cell, also referred to as microalgal microbial fuel cells. This can be a techno-economic aspect not only for treating textile wastewater but also an economical way of obtaining value added products and bioelectricity from microalgae. Besides treating wastewater, microalgae in its either form plays an essential role in treating dyes present in wastewater which essentially include azo dyes rich in synthetic ions and heavy metals. Microalgae require these metals as part of their metabolism and hence consume them throughout the integration process in a microbial fuel cell. In this review a detail plan is laid to discuss the treatment of industrial effluents (rich in toxic dyes) employing microbial fuel cells. Efforts have been made by researchers to treat dyes using microbial fuel cell alone or in combination with catalysts, nanomaterials and microalgae have also been included. This review therefore discusses impact of microbial fuel cells in treating wastewater rich in textile dyes its limitations and future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Deka
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India
| | - Shristi Shreya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India
| | - Megha Mourya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India
| | - Anshuman Rai
- MMU, Deemed University, School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ambala, Haryana,133203, India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Justine Marchand
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India.
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP), 470003, India.
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Wei Z, Zhang Y, Fan T, Lin Y, Zhang H. Magnetically Double-Shelled Layered Double Oxide (LDO)/LDO/γ-Fe 2O 3 Composite for Highly Efficient Removal of Congo Red and Chromium(VI). Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yejia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China
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Hou B, Liu X, Zhang R, Li Y, Liu P, Lu J. Investigation and evaluation of membrane fouling in a microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor systems (MFC-MBR). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152569. [PMID: 34973325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two membrane bioreactors with and without adding an electric circuit (named as MFC-MBR and C-MBR, respectively) were established to investigate the effects of micro-electric field on membrane fouling. With the aeration rate of 1.5 L/min, the synergistic effect of aeration and micro-electric field was the best in reducing membrane fouling and COD in treatment of a simulated phenol wastewater. Compared with C-MBR, the running time of MFC-MBR was extended for 16 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX) demonstrated that less foulants were attached to the membrane and the attachment was loosend in MFC-MBR. The decreased absolute value of zeta potential indicated repulsion among the negatively-charged sludge particles was reduced and flocculation of the sludge was improved, which alleviated the membrane fouling. The soluble microbial products (SMP) and loosely-bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) were also decreased in MFC-MBR. It was found that migration and neutralization of the negatively-charged particles, and degradation of microorganisms contributed to the alleviation of membrane fouling. Moreover, the decreases of carbohydrates in LB-EPS led to higher protein/carbohydrates (PN/PS) ratio, which was a key parameter for alleviating membrane fouling. Meanwhile, the increase of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) could also slow down membrane fouling. Because TB-EPS can be used as a binder to strengthen the flocculation of sludge particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Pengxiao Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
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Mohyudin S, Farooq R, Jubeen F, Rasheed T, Fatima M, Sher F. Microbial fuel cells a state-of-the-art technology for wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112387. [PMID: 34785206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment and electricity generation have been the major concerns for the last few years. The scarcity of fossil fuels has led to the development of unconventional energy resources that are pollution-free. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an environmental and eco-friendly technology that harvests energy through the oxidation of organic substrates and transform into the electric current with the aid of microorganisms as catalysts. This review presents power output and colour removal values by designing various configurations of MFCs and highlights the importance of materials for the fabrication of anode and cathode electrodes playing vital roles in the formation of biofilm and redox reactions taking place in both chambers. The electron transfer mechanism from microbes towards the electrode surface and the generation of electric current are also highlighted. The effect of various parameters affecting the cell performance such as type and amount of substrate, pH and temperature maintained within the chambers have also been discussed. Although this technology presents many advantages, it still needs to be used in combination with other processes to enhance power output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Mohyudin
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Robina Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Masoom Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Taşkan B, Taşkan E. Sustainable bioelectricity generation using Cladophora sp. as a biocathode in membrane-less microbial fuel cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126704. [PMID: 35031436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Cladophora sp. is used to provide oxygen to the cathode of the photosynthetic biocathode membrane-less microbial fuel cell (PB-MLMFC). Non-aerated (NA-MLMFC) and mechanically-aerated (MA-MLMFC) MLMFCs are operated under similar operating conditions to evaluate the performance of PB-MLMFC with the presence of Cladophora sp. The PB-MLMFC exhibits the highest dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which results in a more efficient oxygen reduction reaction and a significant improvement in the electricity generation performance. The maximum power density of PB-MLMFC is 619.1 mW m-2, which is the highest power density known to be reported for algal cathode MFCs in the literature. The electrochemical analysis shows that theCladophora sp.reduces the charge (Rct) and mass transfer (Rmt) resistances of the PB-MLMFC, and improves the bioelectrochemical activity of the anode microorganisms. The study reveals that Cladophora sp. provides a cost-effective and renewable approach for practical applications of MLMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Taşkan
- Firat University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Ergin Taşkan
- Firat University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
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Biotic Cathode of Graphite Fibre Brush for Improved Application in Microbial Fuel Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031045. [PMID: 35164309 PMCID: PMC8838814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a promising and a cheap alternative method to improve cathode reaction performance. This study aims to identify the effect of the electrode combination between non-chemical modified stainless steel (SS) and graphite fibre brush (GFB) for constructing bio-electrodes in an MFC. In this study, the MFC had two chambers, separated by a cation exchange membrane, and underwent a total of four different treatments with different electrode arrangements (anodeǁcathode)—SSǁSS (control), GFBǁSS, GFBǁGFB and SSǁGFB. Both electrodes were heat-treated to improve surface oxidation. On the 20th day of the operation, the GFBǁGFB arrangement generated the highest power density, up to 3.03 W/m3 (177 A/m3), followed by the SSǁGFB (0.0106 W/m3, 0.412 A/m3), the GFBǁSS (0.0283 W/m3, 17.1 A/m3), and the SSǁSS arrangements (0.0069 W/m−3, 1.64 A/m3). The GFBǁGFB had the lowest internal resistance (0.2 kΩ), corresponding to the highest power output. The other electrode arrangements, SSǁGFB, GFBǁSS, and SSǁSS, showed very high internal resistance (82 kΩ, 2.1 kΩ and 18 kΩ, respectively) due to the low proton and electron movement activity in the MFC systems. The results show that GFB materials can be used as anode and cathode in a fully biotic MFC system.
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Deciphering interactive synergy of electron-transfer characteristics for optimal microbial fuel cell-steered dye decolorization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Qiu S, Guo Z, Naz F, Yang Z, Yu C. An overview in the development of cathode materials for the improvement in power generation of microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107834. [PMID: 34022579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the high cost and low power generation hinder the overall practical application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), numerous attempts have been made in the field of cathode materials to enhance the electrical performance of MFCs because they directly catalyze the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). To choose a proper cathode material, following principles such as ORR activity, conductivity, cost-efficiency, durability, surface area, and accessibility should be taken into consideration. In preparation of cathode materials, versatile materials have been chosen, synthesized, or modified to achieve an improvement in power generation of MFCs. The most widely applied cathode materials could be categorized into three classes, namely carbon-base materials, metal-based materials, and biocatalysts. This review summarizes the utilization, development, and the cost of cathode materials applied in MFCs and tries to highlight the effective modification methods of cathode materials which have helped in achieving enhanced power generation of MFCs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qiu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Faiza Naz
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Life Science, Engineering Laboratory of South Xinjiang Chemical Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Elshobary ME, Zabed HM, Yun J, Zhang G, Qi X. Recent insights into microalgae-assisted microbial fuel cells for generating sustainable bioelectricity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Wu LC, Chen CY, Lin TK, Su YY, Chung YC. Highly efficient removal of victoria blue R and bioelectricity generation from textile wastewater using a novel combined dual microbial fuel cell system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127326. [PMID: 32535452 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel combined dual microbial fuel cell (MFC) system was developed for the continuous removal of Victoria Blue R (VBR) and electricity generation. Anaerobic and aerobic VBR-degrading bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, respectively, were applied simultaneously. The effects of various factors on the performance of the novel system in the continuous mode were investigated, and optimal operating parameters for the system were determined. The optimal liquid retention time for continuous treatment was 36 h. The optimal external resistances of connected MFCs were 390 Ω and 1300 Ω. When artificial wastewater containing 1000 mg/l of VBR was fed continuously into the system, the VBR removal efficiency achieved was 98.7%. In addition, the acute toxicity of the effluent was decreased by a factor of 21.1-22.3, indicating that the system could detoxify VBR intermediates. VBR degradation involved a stepwise demethylation process, which occurred mainly in the first MFC, whereas aromatic ring opening, sequential deamination reaction, and carbon oxidation occurred mainly in the second MFC. When actual VBR-containing wastewater (75-262 mg/l) was introduced, the removal efficiencies of VBR, chemical oxygen demand, colority, NH3, and bioelectricity generation were >99.8%, >96.6%, >88.0%, 100%, and >194.8 mW/m2, respectively and the original inoculated strains remained dominant. Therefore, the combined dual MFC system could be applied to the treatment of actual VBR-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Wu
- Department of Logistics Engineering, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan City, 523808, China
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, Taipei, 244, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kang Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ya Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Yaqoob AA, Mohamad Ibrahim MN, Rafatullah M, Chua YS, Ahmad A, Umar K. Recent Advances in Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells: An Overview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2078. [PMID: 32369902 PMCID: PMC7254385 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recycling and treatment of wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has been attracting significant attention as a way to control energy crises and water pollution simultaneously. Despite all efforts, MFCs are unable to produce high energy or efficiently treat pollutants due to several issues, one being the anode's material. The anode is one of the most important parts of an MFC. Recently, different types of anode materials have been developed to improve the removal rate of pollutants and the efficiency of energy production. In MFCs, carbon-based materials have been employed as the most commonly preferred anode material. An extensive range of potentials are presently available for use in the fabrication of anode materials and can considerably minimize the current challenges, such as the need for high quality materials and their costs. The fabrication of an anode using biomass waste is an ideal approach to address the present issues and increase the working efficiency of MFCs. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives of anode materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
| | | | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yong Shen Chua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Akil Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (A.A.Y.); (Y.S.C.); (K.U.)
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Shahi A, Rai BN, Singh RS. Biodegradation of Reactive Orange 16 Dye in Microbial Fuel Cell: An Innovative Way to Minimize Waste Along with Electricity Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:196-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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