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Hussein AR, Rezk MR, Fathalla FAA, El-Saharty YS, Nadim AH. High performance anion exchange chromatographic and colorimetric methods for quality assessment of total and free polysaccharide content in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine containing lactose. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3757-3765. [PMID: 36106712 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lactose as a stabilizer in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine is a challenge for chromatographic resolution of its total and free poly ribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) content. Sample pretreatment using ultrafiltration was performed and had removed ≥95% of lactose in shorter time compared to the conventional dialysis process. Separation of free unconjugated PRP was performed using solid-phase extraction C4 cartridges. Hib conjugate vaccine was then analyzed for determination of total and free PRP, using two validated techniques: high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometry (HPAEC-PAD) for ribitol determination and a colorimetric assay for phosphorus determination. Lactose removal had enabled a rapid chromatographic assay via fast depolymerization of PRP using high temperature treatment. Modifying the burning process in the colorimetric assay reduced the analysis time significantly compared to the pharmacopoeial method. Linearity was obtained over the range of 0.10-10.0 μg mL-1 for the HPAEC method and in the range of 1.0-8.0 μg mL-1 for the colorimetric one. Stability of Hib conjugate vaccine was investigated. The HPAEC results revealed about a 35% increase in free PRP content after storage under stressed conditions (moisture and temperature). The proposed methods offered a reliable and economic platform for assessing the immunogenicity, efficacy and stability of Hib conjugate vaccine containing lactose for the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hussein
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Yasser S El-Saharty
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Nadim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang WB, Liu L, Guo SS, Yuan QY, Lu SC, Shu LQ, Pan S. Recombinant expression and immunogenicity evaluation of a TonB-dependent receptor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 197:106111. [PMID: 35588973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study constructed the recombinant plasmid of a TonB-dependent receptor from V. parahaemolyticus and evaluated the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein in mice. The TonB-dependent receptor gene (GI: 28901321) was obtained by PCR amplification and cloned into plasmid pET-32a (+). The recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21, and the protein expression was induced by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The 6 × His-tagged TonB-dependent receptor inclusion bodies were purified by Ni-NTA Agarose column and renatured by gradient urea dialysis. The soluble and inclusion bodies of the TonB-dependent receptor were emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice. The serum titers with seven V. parahaemolyticus strains, eight Vibrio species, and nine other bacteria were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. The results showed that the serum homogenously bound the target protein in the V. parahaemolyticus cell lysates. The titers against the immunized protein were above 89K, while the titer against whole cells of seven V. parahaemolyticus strains ranged from 4.12K to 12.5K. However, the titers were higher for the soluble TonB-dependent receptor. The serums reacted with E. coli strains but did not cross-react with eight Vibrio species and Photobacterium damselae. These results showed that the TonB-dependent receptor proteins in this study were immunogenic, and the serums showed adequate specificity for V. parahaemolyticus. However, the availability of the TonB-dependent receptor on V. parahaemolyticus cells is probably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Shan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yun Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Quan Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saikun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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González E, Reyes F, Otero O, Camacho F, Cuello M, Ramírez F, Acevedo R. Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Capsular Polysaccharides A, C, Y, W, and X of Neisseria meningitidis: A Platform for the Quality Control of Meningococcal Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1969:181-203. [PMID: 30877678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9202-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has reduced morbidity and mortality of many diseases that previously caused devastating epidemics and deaths globally. Vaccines as a biological product may contain microorganisms or their derivatives. This aspect together with the fact that they are administered to healthy individuals (mainly children) means that approximately 70% of vaccines development time is dedicated to quality control. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have become essential analytical tools for application in ELISAs, Western and Dot blotting, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometric assays that ensure the quality control of vaccines. The aim of this work is to present a review of the methods used to obtain a platform of MAbs against Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide antigens to use as an analytical tool for quality control of anti-meningococcal polysaccharide (Ps) vaccines. The MAbs obtained are used in five sandwich ELISAs developed for Ps quantification. The assays showed good reproducibility and repeatability, with quantitation and detection limits below 1 ng/mL. Dot Blot, as the Identity test of the Ps vaccine, was carried out to positively identify licensed and experimental vaccines. All assays described are suitable for the screening of multiple vaccine samples and could be useful for monitoring lot-to-lot consistency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth González
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba
| | - Fátima Reyes
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba
| | - Oscar Otero
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba
| | - Frank Camacho
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba
| | - Maribel Cuello
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba
| | - Fidel Ramírez
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba
| | - Reinaldo Acevedo
- Monoclonal Antibodies Laboratory, Department of Biological Evaluation, Research Area, Finlay Institute of Vaccine, West Havana, Cuba.
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Otto RBD, Burkin K, Amir SE, Crane DT, Bolgiano B. Patterns of binding of aluminum-containing adjuvants to Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal group C conjugate vaccines and components. Biologicals 2015; 43:355-62. [PMID: 26194164 PMCID: PMC4582044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (MenC) glycoconjugates binding to aluminum-containing adjuvants was studied. By measuring the amount of polysaccharide and protein in the non-adsorbed supernatant, the adjuvant, aluminum phosphate, AlPO4, was found to be less efficient than aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3 at binding to the conjugates, at concentrations relevant to licensed vaccine formulations and when equimolar. At neutral pH, binding of TT conjugates to AlPO4 was facilitated through the carrier protein, with only weak binding of AlPO4 to CRM197 being observed. There was slightly higher binding of either adjuvant to tetanus toxoid conjugates, than to CRM197 conjugates. This was verified in AlPO4 formulations containing DTwP-Hib, where the adsorption of TT-conjugated Hib was higher than CRM197-conjugated Hib. At neutral pH, the anionic Hib and MenC polysaccharides did not appreciably bind to AlPO4, but did bind to Al(OH)3, due to electrostatic interactions. Phosphate ions reduced the binding of the conjugates to the adjuvants. These patterns of adjuvant adsorption can form the basis for future formulation studies with individual and combination vaccines containing saccharide-protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B D Otto
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Karena Burkin
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Saba Erum Amir
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Dennis T Crane
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
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Hamidi A, Kreeftenberg H. Use of immuno assays during the development of a Hemophilus influenzae type b vaccine for technology transfer to emerging vaccine manufacturers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:2697-703. [PMID: 25483494 PMCID: PMC4977443 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control of Hemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines is mainly dependent on physicochemical methods. Overcoming sample matrix interference when using physicochemical tests is very challenging, these tests are therefore only used to test purified samples of polysaccharide, protein, bulk conjugate, and final product. For successful development of a Hib conjugate vaccine, several ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) methods were needed as an additional tool to enable testing of in process (IP) samples. In this paper, three of the ELISA's that have been very valuable during the process development, implementation and scaling up are highlighted. The PRP-ELISA, was a very efficient tool in testing in process (IP) samples generated during the development of the cultivation and purification process of the Hib-polysaccharide. The antigenicity ELISA, was used to confirm the covalent linkage of PRP and TTd in the conjugate. The anti-PRP IgG ELISA was developed as part of the immunogenicity test, used to demonstrate the ability of the Hib conjugate vaccine to elicit a T-cell dependent immune response in mice. ELISA methods are relatively cheap and easy to implement and therefore very useful during the development of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines.
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Key Words
- ADH, adipic acid dihydrazide
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- ELISA
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay
- EP, European Pharmacopeia
- HPSEC, high performance size exclusion chromatography
- Haemophilus Influenzae type b vaccine
- Hib, Haemophilus Influenzae type b
- IPC, in process control
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology
- Mn, number-average molecular weight
- Mr, molecular weight
- Mw, weight-average molecular weight
- NIBSC, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (UK)
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NVI, Netherlands Vaccine Institute
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PRP
- PRP, poly-ribosylribitol phosphate (Hib capsular polysaccharide)
- PRP-T, Hib vaccine (PRP conjugated to tetanus toxoid)
- QC, quality control
- RI, refractive index
- RIVM, The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu)
- TMB, tetramethyl benzidine
- TTd, tetanus toxoid
- UV, ultraviolet
- WHO, World Health Organization
- antigenicity
- characterization
- conjugate
- cultivation
- immunogenicity
- kDa, kilo dalton
- polysaccharide
- purification
- tR, retention time
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahd Hamidi
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc); Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kreeftenberg
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc); Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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