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Yu C, Lin Y, Dai Y, Wu B, Qi Z, Qian X. Recent research advances in the development of Dabie Banda virus vaccines. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012411. [PMID: 39207951 PMCID: PMC11361446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly identified tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Dabie Banda virus (DBV). The virus was first discovered in eastern China in 2009 and is now considered an infectious disease with a mortality rate ranging from 6.3% to 30%. The best strategy for controlling SFTS is to develop effective vaccines. However, no approved vaccines are currently available to prevent this disease, despite the number of extensive and in-depth studies conducted on DBV in the past few years. This review focuses on the structure of DBV and the induced host immune responses which are the fundamental factors in vaccine development, and thoroughly summarizes the current research progress on DBV vaccines. The developing DBV vaccines include protein subunit vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, recombinant virus vector vaccines, and DNA vaccines. At present, almost all candidate vaccines for DBV are in the laboratory development or preclinical stages. There remain challenges in successfully developing clinically approved DBV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Dai
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health and Wellness, Linxia Modern Career College, Gansu, China
| | - Bingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Kim D, Kim E, Kim S, Chung Y, Cho SD, Choi Y, Lai CJ, Dai X, Kang S, Kwak MJ, Cha I, Liu Z, Choi Y, Park SH, Choi YK, Jung JU. Self-assembling Gn head ferritin nanoparticle vaccine provides full protection from lethal challenge of Dabie Bandavirus in aged ferrets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549761. [PMID: 37503275 PMCID: PMC10370104 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dabie Bandavirus (DBV), previously known as Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Virus, induces a characteristic thrombocytopenia with a mortality rate ranging from 12% to as high as 30%. The sero-prevalence of DBV in healthy people is not significantly different among age groups, but clinically diagnosed SFTS patients are older than ~50 years, suggesting that age is the critical risk factor for SFTS morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, our immune-competent ferret model demonstrates an age (>4 years old)-dependent DBV infection and pathogenesis that fully recapitulates human clinical manifestation. To protect the aged population from DBV-induced SFTS, vaccine should carry robust immunogenicity with high safety profile. Previous studies have shown that glycoproteins Gn/Gc are the most effective antigens for inducing both neutralizing antibody (NAb)- and T cell-mediated immunity and, thereby, protection. Here, we report the development of a protein subunit vaccine with 24-mer self-assembling ferritin (FT) nanoparticle to present DBV Gn head region (GnH) for enhanced immunogenicity. Anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography readily purified the GnH-FT nanoparticles to homogeneity with structural integrity. Mice immunized with GnH-FT nanoparticles induced robust NAb response and T-cell immunity against DBV Gn. Furthermore, aged ferrets immunized with GnH-FT nanoparticles were fully protected from DBV challenge without SFTS symptoms such as body weight loss, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and fatality. This study demonstrates that DBV GnH-FT nanoparticles provide an efficient vaccine efficacy in mouse and aged ferret models and should be an outstanding vaccine candidate targeted for the aged population against fatal DBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eunha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youseung Chung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseo Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Seokmin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kim D, Lai CJ, Cha I, Kang S, Yang WS, Choi Y, Jung JU. SFTSV Gn-Head mRNA vaccine confers efficient protection against lethal viral challenge. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29203. [PMID: 37909776 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus, causing thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic fever, with a fatality rate ranging from 12% to 30%. SFTSV possesses Gn and Gc glycoproteins, which are responsible for host cell receptor attachment and membrane fusion, respectively, to infect host cells. We have previously reported a protein subunit vaccine candidate (sGn-H-FT) of the SFTSV soluble Gn head region (sGn-H) fused with self-assembling ferritin (FT) nanoparticles, displaying strong protective immunogenicity. In this study, we present messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine candidates encoding sGn-H or sGn-H-FT, both of which exhibit potent in vivo immunogenicity and protection capacity. Mice immunized with either sGn-H or sGn-H-FT mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine produced strong total antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against sGn-H. Importantly, NAb titers remained high for an extended period. Finally, mice immunized with sGn-H or sGn-H-FT mRNA LNP vaccine were fully protected from a lethal dose of SFTSV challenge, showing no fatality. These findings underscore the promise of sGn-H and sGn-H-FT as vaccine antigen candidates capable of providing protective immunity against SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Seokmin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Wan-Shan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
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Kim D, Kim E, Kim S, Chung Y, Lai CJ, Cha I, Cho SD, Choi Y, Dai X, Kim S, Kang S, Kwak MJ, Liu Z, Choi Y, Park SH, Choi YK, Jung JU. Self-assembling Gn head ferritin nanoparticle vaccine provides full protection from lethal challenge of Dabie bandavirus in aged ferrets. mBio 2023; 14:e0186823. [PMID: 37712692 PMCID: PMC10653821 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01868-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dabie bandavirus (DBV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in infected patients. Human SFTS symptoms progress from fever, fatigue, and muscle pain to the depletion of white blood cells and platelets with fatality rates up to 30%. The recent spread of its vector tick to over 20 states in the United States increases the potential for outbreaks of the SFTS beyond the East Asia. Thus, the development of vaccine to control this rapidly emerging virus is a high priority. In this study, we applied self-assembling ferritin (FT) nanoparticle to enhance the immunogenicity of DBV Gn head domain (GnH) as a vaccine target. Mice immunized with the GnH-FT nanoparticle vaccine induced potent antibody responses and cellular immunity. Immunized aged ferrets were fully protected from the lethal challenge of DBV. Our study describes the GnH-FT nanoparticle vaccine candidate that provides protective immunity against the emerging DBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eunha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youseung Chung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseo Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Seokmin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Disease Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated SFTS vaccine candidate in mice. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Baseline mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virology, epidemiology and vaccine research and development. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:111. [PMID: 33335100 PMCID: PMC7746727 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emergent tick-borne bunyavirus first discovered in 2009 in China. SFTSV is a growing public health problem that may become more prominent owing to multiple competent tick-vectors and the expansion of human populations in areas where the vectors are found. Although tick-vectors of SFTSV are found in a wide geographic area, SFTS cases have only been reported from China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Patients with SFTS often present with high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including hemorrhagic disease. Reported SFTSV case fatality rates range from ~5 to >30% depending on the region surveyed, with more severe disease reported in older individuals. Currently, treatment options for this viral infection remain mostly supportive as there are no licensed vaccines available and research is in the discovery stage. Animal models for SFTSV appear to recapitulate many facets of human disease, although none of the models mirror all clinical manifestations. There are insufficient data available on basic immunologic responses, the immune correlate(s) of protection, and the determinants of severe disease by SFTSV and related viruses. Many aspects of SFTSV virology and epidemiology are not fully understood, including a detailed understanding of the annual numbers of cases and the vertebrate host of the virus, so additional research on this disease is essential towards the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Cross-genotype protection of live-attenuated vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in a ferret model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26900-26908. [PMID: 31818942 PMCID: PMC6936527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914704116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging viral pathogen discovered in 2009. The virus is present in countries of East Asia and is transmitted through the bite of an infected Haemaphysalis longicornis tick. SFTSV disease is associated with high morbidity and is often fatal. Despite the incidence of disease, no antiviral therapy or vaccine has been approved for use. Here, we report and assess 2 live attenuated viruses as vaccine candidates in our recently described ferret model of infection. We show that the viruses caused no clinical disease or mortality in healthy animals. Immunized animals mounted a robust humoral immune response to a single dose of virus, and this response protected the animals from a lethal challenge. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus classified within the Banyangvirus genus. SFTS disease has been reported throughout East Asia since 2009 and is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia and has a 12 to 30% case fatality rate. Due to the recent emergence of SFTSV, there has been little time to conduct research into preventative measures aimed at combatting the virus. SFTSV is listed as one of the World Health Organization’s Prioritized Pathogens for research into antiviral therapeutics and vaccine development. Here, we report 2 attenuated recombinant SFTS viruses that induce a humoral immune response in immunized ferrets and confer complete cross-genotype protection to lethal challenge. Animals infected with rHB29NSsP102A or rHB2912aaNSs (both genotype D) had a reduced viral load in both serum and tissues and presented without high fever, thrombocytopenia, or mortality associated with infection. rHB29NSsP102A- or rHB2912aaNSs-immunized animals developed a robust anti-SFTSV immune response against cross-genotype isolates of SFTSV. This immune response was capable of neutralizing live virus in a focus-reduction neutralization test (FRNT) and was 100% protective against a cross-genotype lethal challenge with the CB1/2014 strain of SFTSV (genotype B). Thus, using our midsized, aged ferret infection model, we demonstrate 2 live attenuated vaccine candidates against the emerging pathogen SFTSV.
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Li Y, Jia Z, Wu X, Wang L, Chen L, Dai X, Li X, Wang J. Establishing China's national standards of antigen content and neutralizing antibody responses for evaluation of SFTS vaccines. Biologicals 2019; 61:68-75. [PMID: 31358411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease caused by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). SFTS is mainly characterized by severe fever with thrombocytopenia and has a high mortality rate. The virus has been found in China, South Korea, and Japan. Effective antiviral drugs or vaccines still have been unavailable. Now, two vaccine manufacturers in China are actively engaged in the development of the vaccine. To promote the development of SFTS vaccines and ensure their effective quality control, we developed national antigen and antibody references. We collaborative calibrated the standards; evaluated the homogeneity and stability of the national SFTS standards. The national SFTS vaccine antigen and antibody references met the Chinese national standards and can be used to standardize quality control for the manufacture of SFTS vaccines. And also can be used into the study the dose-response relationship of SFTS vaccines, determine clinical doses, and evaluate vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31. Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheng Jia
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31. Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31. Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31. Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, PR China
| | - Xinxian Dai
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, PR China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101111, PR China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31. Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, PR China.
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Hu B, Cai K, Liu M, Li W, Xu J, Qiu F, Zhan J. Laboratory detection and molecular phylogenetic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Hubei Province, central China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3243-3254. [PMID: 30136250 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Hubei Province is a major epidemic area for SFTS in China. In this study, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and serological testing (IgM) were used simultaneously for laboratory detection of SFTS; however, testing results showed poor consistency between these two methods. Further analysis revealed that time post-onset was the main factor leading to inconsistent results. Thus, qRT-PCR is unable to detect all SFTS cases, and serological testing is essential. Here, 15 strains of SFTSV were successfully isolated from serum samples of acute SFTSV infection and their complete genomes were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 15 SFTS virus strains clustered into four independent genotypes (A, B, D, and E), demonstrating that at least four genotypes of SFTSV have been co-circulating in Hubei Province. Furthermore, four strains of our isolates (HB2014-31, HB2014-35, HB2014-36, and HB2014-37) clustered in genotype E, which was the predominant genotype in Japan and South Korea. In this study, we identified multiple co-prevalent genotypes and confirmed the existence of genotype E viruses circulating in the Dabie Mountains of Hubei, central China. We concluded that SFTSV strains from Hubei exhibit most of the genetic diversity found in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Man Liu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, Hubei, China
| | - Junqiang Xu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Reece LM, Beasley DW, Milligan GN, Sarathy VV, Barrett AD. Current status of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome vaccine development. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 29:72-78. [PMID: 29642053 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a new emerging tick-borne disease caused by the phlebovirus, SFTS virus (SFTSV). The virus was discovered in central China in 2009 and has since been identified in both Japan and South Korea. Significant progress has been made on the molecular biology of the virus, and this has been used to develop diagnostic assays and reagents. Less progress has been made on the epidemiology, maintenance and transmission, clinical manifestations, immunological responses, and treatment regimens. A number of animal models have been investigated but, to date, none recapitulate all the clinical manifestations seen in humans. Vaccine development is at an early discovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Reece
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David Wc Beasley
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gregg N Milligan
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa V Sarathy
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alan Dt Barrett
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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11
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Robles NJC, Han HJ, Park SJ, Choi YK. Epidemiology of severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection and the need for therapeutics for the prevention. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:43-50. [PMID: 29399579 PMCID: PMC5795044 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past ten years there has been a marked increase in cases of severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome in East Asia. This tick-borne hemorrhagic fever presents along with clinical signs including high fever and leukopenia. In addition to humans, the virus has also been detected with shared genetic homology in farm animals including goats, cattle, horses, and pigs. Furthermore, several genotypes of severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) are currently co-circulating between humans and animals. In China, where the virus was first detected in rural areas in 2009, the SFTSV mortality rate has been reported to be as 6% and higher than 30%, especially in immuno-compromised patients. Moreover, this virus has been isolated in neighbor countries including Japan and South Korea where the fatality rates in 2015 were more than 30% in both countries. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the virology, genotypes, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of SFTSV infection in humans and animals. Currently, a collaborative global approach against SFTSV infection is being undertaken; however, the need for continuous disease surveillance and production of an effective vaccine is imperative as this virus may lead to an epidemic of irreversible status in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert John C Robles
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Sciences, De La Salle Araneta University, Malabon City, Philippines
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Research & Development Center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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