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Luna-Callejas B, Oropeza-Ramos L, Ramón-Gallegos E. Comparative genomic analysis of Mycoplasma related to cell culture for infB gene-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:355. [PMID: 37878143 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture affects the properties of cell lines. Gold standard detection by microbiological culture takes days and requires specialists. The polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are fast molecular options, but LAMP only requires one heating block for DNA amplification. This study presents a comparative genomic analysis of Mycoplasma species to identify common target genes different from the rrsA gene, which encodes 16 S rRNA. The aim is to implement a LAMP assay to detect Mycoplasma species, reducing the time and specialized equipment required for detection. We performed a comparative genomic analysis through Mauve software and the GView server and selected infB and clpB genes as target candidates for designing LAMP primers. We evaluated both genes by multiple sequence alignment (MSA). The infB gene presented the best score MSA assessment with lower odd-log values (5,480,281) than other genes. We selected the infB gene to design LAMP primers specific to Mycoplasma spp. We used these primers to implement LAMP at 63 °C for 30 min, which showed 100% positive amplifications for detecting Mycoplasma spp. In conclusion, we present a methodology utilizing the infB gene-based LAMP assay to detect three of the six most prevalent Mycoplasma species in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Luna-Callejas
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
- Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Mexico City, México
| | - Laura Oropeza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Mexico City, México.
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Li M, Morse B, Kassim S. Development and clinical translation considerations for the next wave of gene modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells therapies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1177-1191. [PMID: 35833356 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consistent and reliable manufacture of gene modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HPSC) therapies will be of the utmost importance as they become more mainstream and address larger populations. Robust development campaigns will be needed to ensure that these products will be delivered to patients with the highest quality standards. AREAS COVERED Through publicly available manuscripts, press releases, and news articles - this review touches on aspects related to HSPC therapy, development, and manufacturing. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in genome modification technology coupled with the longstanding clinical success of HSPCs warrants great optimism for the next generation of engineered HSPC-based therapies. Treatments for some diseases that have thus far been intractable now appear within reach. Reproducible manufacturing will be of critical importance in delivering these therapies but will be challenging due to the need for bespoke materials and methods in combination with the lack of off-the-shelf solutions. Continued progress in the field will manifest in the form of industrialization which currently requires attention and resources directed toward the custom reagents, a focus on closed and automated processes, and safer and more precise genome modification technologies that will enable broader, faster, and safer access to these life-changing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent Morse
- Dark Horse Consulting Group, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
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Pasqua S, Niotta MC, Di Martino G, Sottile D, Douradinha B, Miele M, Timoneri F, Di Bella M, Cuscino N, Di Bartolo C, Conaldi PG, D’Apolito D. Complete intra-laboratory validation of a LAL assay for bacterial endotoxin determination in EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:320-329. [PMID: 34514024 PMCID: PMC8408548 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin content is a critical factor that affects the safety of biological pharmaceutical products. International pharmacopoeias describe several reference methods to determine endotoxin levels in advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) preparations. Administration of ATMPs must be done as rapidly as possible to ensure complete viability and potency of the cellular product. To evaluate the endotoxin content in the shortest time possible, we chose to validate an alternative method based on the use of the Charles River Portable Testing System (PTS) and FDA-approved cartridges, compliant with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia and providing results in <20 min. Here, we describe a unique and complete validation approach for instrument, personnel, and analytical method for assessment of endotoxins in ATMP matrices. The PTS system provides high sensitivity and fast quantitative results and uses less raw material and accessories compared with compendial methods. It is also less time consuming and less prone to operator variability. Our validation approach is suitable for a validated laboratory with trained personnel capable of conducting the ATMP release tests, and with very low intra-laboratory variability, and meets the criteria required for an alternative approach to endotoxin detection for in-process and product-release testing of ATMPs.
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Mathews S, Rabani R, Rasti M, Viswanathan S. In-house abbreviated qualification of a real-time polymerase chain reaction method and strategies to amplify mycoplasma detection in human mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:1036-1044. [PMID: 34446358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS In this study, the authors performed an in-house abbreviated qualification of a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit for limit of detection (LOD), matrix interference and ruggedness of mycoplasma detection in a human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC(M)) investigational cell product (NCT02351011). The approach used was similar to an abbreviated qualification the authors previously conducted for endpoint PCR, which was accepted by Canadian regulators for final product release of the same MSC(M) investigational cell product for treatment of osteoarthritis patients (NCT02351011). With patient consent, biobanked MSCs(M) were re-analyzed by real-time PCR for mycoplasma detection to conduct in-house qualification of the kit. METHODS LOD was determined by spiking MSCs(M) with a series of 10-fold dilutions of two commercially available genomic DNA (gDNA) reference standards for Mycoplasma arginini (M. arginini) and Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis). Matrix interference was tested by using 10-fold dilutions of MSC(M)s down to 4500 cells/mL. Polyadenylic acid (poly[A]) was used to improve DNA recovery in samples with 4500-45 000 MSCs(M)/mL. Real-time PCR tests performed on different days were compared to evaluate ruggedness. RESULTS Real-time PCR analysis showed a conservative LOD of 40 genome copies (GCs)/mL and 240 GCs/mL, which are equivalent to 10 colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL, for M. arginini and M. hominis, respectively. According to a less conservative manufacturer-based criterion for positivity, the kit detected 0.4 GC/mL (0.1 CFU/mL) and 24 GCs/mL (1 CFU/mL) M. arginini and M. hominis, respectively. Real-time PCR with different MSC(M) dilutions did not show matrix interference. However, DNA recovery was compromised at MSC(M) concentrations at or below 45 000 cells/mL. The addition of poly(A) as a DNA carrier improved DNA recovery and allowed an LOD, considered here to be equivalent to 10 CFUs/mL, to be achieved, which was not possible in diluted MSC(M) samples (≤45 000 cells/mL) in the absence of poly(A). Ruggedness was demonstrated with tests (n = 18) performed on different days, with an average overall inter-assay percent coefficient of variation of less than 4 for M. arginini (3.62 [400 GCs/mL], 3.61 [40 GCs/mL]) and less than 3 for M. hominis (2.83 [2400 GCs/mL], 1.95 [240 GCs/mL]). CONCLUSIONS A commercially available real-time PCR mycoplasma detection kit was qualified for evaluating mycoplasma contamination in investigational MSC(M) products and met the criteria used previously (and accepted by Canadian regulators) for in-house qualification of an endpoint PCR mycoplasma detection kit, and the addition of poly(A) addressed the poor recovery of mycoplasma gDNA in samples with low cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Mathews
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Razieh Rabani
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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A practical approach for gmp-compliant validation of real-time PCR method for mycoplasma detection in human mesenchymal stromal cells as advanced therapy medicinal product. Biologicals 2021; 73:31-40. [PMID: 34362616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manufacturing of human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) for clinical use involves an ex vivo expansion, which leads to a risk of contamination by microbiological agents. Even if manufacturing under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) license minimizes this risk, contamination of cell cultures by mycoplasmas still represents a widespread problem. Furthermore, the absence of mycoplasma contamination represents one of ATMPs release criteria. Since July 2007, European Pharmacopoeia (EuPh) offers the possibility to replace official mycoplasma detection methods with Nucleic Acid Amplification techniques, after suitable validation. As an Italian authorized Cell Factory, we developed an in-house GMP-compliant validation of real-time PCR method for mycoplasma detection in human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, according to EuPh sec. 2.6.7 and International Conference on Harmonization Q2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in compliance with GMP international requirements with MycoSEQ™ Mycoplasma Detection Assay (Thermofisher) on QuantStudio5 real-Time PCR (Applied Biosystems). Assay validation was developed to evaluate sensitivity, interferences matrix-related, specificity and robustness. RESULTS MycoSEQ™ Mycoplasma Detection Assay has been successfully validated on human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as results comply with validation protocol acceptance criteria. CONCLUSIONS MycoSEQ™ Mycoplasma Detection Assay is a fast, sensitive and specific PCR-based Nucleic Acid Test assay that can be used as an alternative to official mycoplasma test methods for lot release of human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP). Moreover, our study underlines the presence of interference on real-time PCR reaction due to matrix composition, pointing out a practical approach for method validation (i.e interference removal).
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Standards efforts and landscape for rapid microbial testing methodologies in regenerative medicine. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:390-398. [PMID: 33775524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Standards Coordinating Body for Gene, Cell, and Regenerative Medicines and Cell-Based Drug Discovery (SCB) supports the development and commercialization of regenerative medicine products by identifying and addressing industry-wide challenges through standards. Through extensive stakeholder engagement, the implementation of rapid microbial testing methods (RMTMs) was identified as a high-priority need that must be addressed to facilitate more timely release of products. Since 2017, SCB has coordinated efforts to develop standards for this area through surveys, weekly meetings, workshops, leadership in working groups and participation in standards development organizations. This article describes the results of these efforts and discusses the current landscape of RMTMs for regenerative medicine products. Based on discussions with stakeholders across the field, an overview of traditional culture-based methods and limitations, alternative microbial testing technologies and current challenges, fit-for-purpose rapid microbial testing and case studies, risk-based strategies for selection of novel rapid microbial test methods and ongoing standards efforts for rapid microbial testing are captured here. To this end, SCB is facilitating several initiatives to address challenges associated with rapid microbial testing for regenerative medicine products. Two documentary standards are under development: an International Organization for Standardization standard to provide the framework for a risk-based approach to selecting fit-for-purpose assays primarily intended for cell and gene therapy products and an ASTM standard guide focused on sampling methods for microbial testing methods in tissue-engineered medical products. Working with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, SCB expects to facilitate the process of developing publicly available microbial materials for inter-laboratory testing. These studies will help collect the data necessary to facilitate validation of novel rapid methods. Finally, SCB has been working to increase awareness of, dialog about and participation in efforts to develop standards in the regenerative medicine field.
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Pasqua S, Vitale G, Pasquariello A, Douradinha B, Tuzzolino F, Cardinale F, Cusimano C, Di Bartolo C, Conaldi PG, D'Apolito D. Use of 27G needles improves sensitivity and performance of ATCC anaerobe reference microorganism detection in BacT/Alert system. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:542-550. [PMID: 33665224 PMCID: PMC7890369 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective detection of microbiological contaminations present in medicinal cellular products is a crucial step to ensure patients' safety. In recent decades, several rapid microbiological methods have been developed and validated, but variabilities linked to the use of different resources have led to discordant validation of methods and performance results. Considering this, while developing an in-house BacT/Alert-based method, we evaluated all of the materials used in its validation. Of particular importance, we noticed that the syringe gauge used to inject the samples into the bottles was crucial to obtain robust results. We chose to conduct a comparative test between the BacT/Alert system and the compendial method described in the European Pharmacopoeia, using five dilutions of nine reference microorganism strains and 21G or 27G needles. Our results confirmed that the BacT/Alert system is a valid and faster alternative method to assess sterility of clinical cell therapy products, and that the use of 27G needles increases its sensitivity to detect reference anaerobe microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pasqua
- Unità Prodotti Cellulari (GMP), Fondazione Ri.MED c/o IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Vitale
- Unità Prodotti Cellulari (GMP), Fondazione Ri.MED c/o IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Pasquariello
- Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy.,Unità Medicina Rigenerativa ed Immunologia, Fondazione Ri.MED c/o IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Tuzzolino
- Ufficio Ricerca, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cusimano
- Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Bartolo
- Unità Prodotti Cellulari (GMP), Fondazione Ri.MED c/o IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy.,Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo D'Apolito
- Unità Prodotti Cellulari (GMP), Fondazione Ri.MED c/o IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy.,Unità di Medicina di Laboratorio e Biotecnologie Avanzate, IRCCS-ISMETT, Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Efficacy of Three Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microbial Surfaces' Contaminations of Pharmaceuticals Hospital Facilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020779. [PMID: 33477614 PMCID: PMC7831293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate and validate the efficacy of disinfectants used in our cleaning procedure, in order to reduce pharmaceutical hospital surfaces' contaminations, we tested the action of three commercial disinfectants on small representative samples of the surfaces present in our hospital cleanrooms. These samples (or coupons) were contaminated with selected microorganisms for the validation of the disinfectants. The coupons were sampled before and after disinfection and the microbial load was assessed to calculate the Log10 reduction index. Subsequently, we developed and validated a disinfection procedure on real surfaces inside the cleanrooms intentionally contaminated with microorganisms, using approximately 107-108 total colony forming units per coupon. Our results showed a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy coherent to the acceptance criteria suggested by United States Pharmacopeia 35 <1072>. The correct implementation of our cleaning and disinfection procedure, respecting stipulated concentrations and contact times, led to a reduction of at least 6 Log10 for all microorganisms used. The proposed disinfection procedure reduced the pharmaceutical hospital surfaces' contaminations, limited the propagation of microorganisms in points adjacent to the disinfected area, and ensured high disinfection and safety levels for operators, patients, and treated surfaces.
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