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Trillaud F, Guzmán J, Ramírez-Trocherie M, Oropeza-Ramos L. Electrical performance enhancement of MHD microgenerators through the longitudinal shaping of the cross-section. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22305. [PMID: 38034769 PMCID: PMC10687038 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the impact that the longitudinal shape of channels has on the current produced in the flow of a magneto-hydrodynamic microgenerator (MHDMG) is studied. The goal is to find the micro-channel geometry via modeling to maximize the current output for low Reynolds and Mach regimes. To carry out this study, a 3D dynamic numerical tool relying on the finite volume method was handled with the open-source software OpenFOAM. It is the base model to study the impact of intricate geometries on the ability to produce energy. An additional steady-state 2D analytical model was also developed to check some basic modeling assumptions. Both models have been experimentally validated on the simplest flow system having a constant square cross-section throughout. The results produced by both models cross-check very well and compare favorably with respect to experimental data. Hence, using the validated numerical tool, three shapes have been further investigated, namely, progressive (linear decrease of the cross-section), arc (parabolic decrease of the cross-section), and wavy (sinusoidal shape). It was found that the arc channel provides the greatest current output for the same volumetric flow. It is therefore the preferred choice for developing high current gain and more efficient MHDMG used in micro-scaled actuators and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Trillaud
- Instituto de Ingeniería - UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J.E.V. Guzmán
- Instituto de Ingeniería - UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - L. Oropeza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ingeniería - UNAM, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Luna-Callejas B, Oropeza-Ramos L, Ramón-Gallegos E. Comparative genomic analysis of Mycoplasma related to cell culture for infB gene-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:355. [PMID: 37878143 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture affects the properties of cell lines. Gold standard detection by microbiological culture takes days and requires specialists. The polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are fast molecular options, but LAMP only requires one heating block for DNA amplification. This study presents a comparative genomic analysis of Mycoplasma species to identify common target genes different from the rrsA gene, which encodes 16 S rRNA. The aim is to implement a LAMP assay to detect Mycoplasma species, reducing the time and specialized equipment required for detection. We performed a comparative genomic analysis through Mauve software and the GView server and selected infB and clpB genes as target candidates for designing LAMP primers. We evaluated both genes by multiple sequence alignment (MSA). The infB gene presented the best score MSA assessment with lower odd-log values (5,480,281) than other genes. We selected the infB gene to design LAMP primers specific to Mycoplasma spp. We used these primers to implement LAMP at 63 °C for 30 min, which showed 100% positive amplifications for detecting Mycoplasma spp. In conclusion, we present a methodology utilizing the infB gene-based LAMP assay to detect three of the six most prevalent Mycoplasma species in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Luna-Callejas
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
- Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Mexico City, México
| | - Laura Oropeza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07738, Mexico City, México.
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Hernández-Roa DL, García-Jomaso YA, Bruce NC, Garduño-Mejía J, Pilloni O, Oropeza-Ramos L, Treviño-Palacios CG, Ordoñez-Romero CL, Velázquez-Benítez AM, Qureshi N. Effect of oils on the transmission properties of a terahertz photonic crystal. Appl Opt 2022; 61:135-140. [PMID: 35200812 DOI: 10.1364/ao.441042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transmission properties of a photonic crystal immersed in several different oils have been characterized using terahertz time domain spectroscopy in the spectral range of 0.3-1.5 THz. As in previous works, oil samples can be distinguished using terahertz transmission measurements. When the same oils are introduced into a photonic crystal, we find that the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal is sensitive to the properties of the oils and shows differences not seen in bulk measurements. These effects are described in detail and have potential applications in both the sensing of very small volumes of oils and in the fine control of the refractive indices of photonic crystals.
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Vaca S, Pilloni O, Gómez AR, Serkovic-Loli LN, Qureshi N, Oropeza-Ramos L. Photolithographically-patterned C-MEMS graphene by carbon diffusion through nickel. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:265302. [PMID: 33706297 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abedee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the most studied carbon allotrope has been graphene, due to the outstanding properties that this two-dimensional material exhibits; however, it turns out to be a difficult material to produce, pattern, and transfer to a device substrate without contamination. Carbon microelectromechanical systems are a versatile technology used to create nano/micro carbon devices by pyrolyzing a patterned photoresist, making them highly attractive for industrial applications. Furthermore, recent works have reported that pyrolytic carbon material can be graphitized by the diffusion of carbon atoms through a transition metal layer. In this work we take advantage of the latter two methods in order to produce multilayer graphene by improving the molecular ordering of photolithographically-defined pyrolytic carbon microstructures, through the diffusion (annealing) of carbon atoms through nickel, and also to eliminate any further transfer process to a device substrate. The allotropic nature of the final carbon microstructures was inspected by Raman spectroscopy (AverageID/IGof 0.2348 ± 0.0314) and TEM clearly shows well-aligned lattice planes of 3.34 Å fringe separation. These results were compared to measurements made on pyrolytic carbon (AverageID/IGof 0.9848 ± 0.0235) to confirm that our method is capable of producing a patterned multilayer graphene material directly on a silicon substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveidy Vaca
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Oscar Pilloni
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Axel Rodríguez Gómez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura N Serkovic-Loli
- División Superficies, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400 Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Naser Qureshi
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 10-186, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura Oropeza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
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Ghazinejad M, Holmberg S, Pilloni O, Oropeza-Ramos L, Madou M. Graphitizing Non-graphitizable Carbons by Stress-induced Routes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16551. [PMID: 29185454 PMCID: PMC5707352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbons' unique attributes have attracted worldwide interest towards their development and application. Carbon pyrolysis is a widespread method for synthesizing carbon materials. However, our understanding of the factors that cause differences in graphitization of various pyrolyzed carbon precursors is inadequate. We demonstrate how electro-mechanical aspects of the synthesis process influence molecular alignment in a polymer precursor to enhance its graphitization. Electrohydrodynamic forces are applied via electrospinning to unwind and orient the molecular chains of a non-graphitizing carbon precursor, polyacrylonitrile. Subsequently, exerting mechanical stresses further enhances the molecular alignment of the polymer chains during the formative crosslinking phase. The stabilized polymer precursor is then pyrolyzed at 1000 °C and characterized to evaluate its graphitization. The final carbon exhibits a uniformly graphitized structure, abundant in edge planes, which translates into its electrochemical kinetics. The results highlight the significance of physical synthesis conditions in defining the structure and properties of pyrolytic carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Ghazinejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Fresno, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Sunshine Holmberg
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Oscar Pilloni
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura Oropeza-Ramos
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Vazquez B, Qureshi N, Oropeza-Ramos L, Olguin LF. Effect of velocity on microdroplet fluorescence quantified by laser-induced fluorescence. Lab Chip 2014; 14:3550-3555. [PMID: 25027281 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microdroplets generated inside microfluidic devices have been widely used as miniaturized chemical and biological reactors allowing important reductions in experimental fluid volumes and making it possible to carry out high-throughput assays. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is commonly used to detect and quantify the product, marker or cell content inside each individual droplet. In this work, we employed this technique to characterize the response of in-flow microdroplets filled with fluorescein dye at different laser powers and flow velocities. Using two parallel laser beams closely focused inside a microchannel we determined the microdroplet velocities and showed that the droplet fluorescence intensity decreases exponentially with reducing velocities because of the effects of photobleaching. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity increases linearly with laser power in the 4-10 mW range. When LIF is used for microdroplet measurements it is important to consider not just the fluorophore concentration but also the droplet velocity and laser power in the development of quantitative assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F. 04510, México.
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Hautefeuille M, Cabriales L, Pimentel-Domínguez R, Velázquez V, Hernández-Cordero J, Oropeza-Ramos L, Rivera M, Carreón-Castro MP, Grether M, López-Moreno E. New perspectives for direct PDMS microfabrication using a CD-DVD laser. Lab Chip 2013; 13:4848-4854. [PMID: 24172647 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive alternative to high-power lasers for the direct fabrication of microchannels and rapid prototyping of poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. By focusing the infrared laser beam of a commercial, low-power CD-DVD unit on absorbing carbon micro-cluster additives, highly localized PDMS combustion can be used to etch the polymer, which is otherwise transparent at such wavelengths. Thanks to a precise and automated control of laser conditions, laser-induced incandescence is originated at the material surface and produces high-resolution micropatterns that present properties normally induced with lasers of much greater energies in PDMS: formation of in situ nanodomains, local fluorescence and waveguide patterns. An extensive study of the phenomenon and its performance for PDMS microfabrication are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hautefeuille
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, D. F. México, México.
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