1
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Joshi A, Singh N. Generation of Patterned Cocultures in 2D and 3D: State of the Art. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34249-34261. [PMID: 37780002 PMCID: PMC10536108 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells inside the body are embedded into a highly structured microenvironment that consists of cells that lie in direct or close contact with other cell types that regulate the overall tissue function. Therefore, coculture models are versatile tools that can generate tissue engineering constructs with improved mimicking of in vivo conditions. While there are many reviews that have focused on pattering a single cell type, very few reviews have been focused on techniques for coculturing multiple cell types on a single substrate with precise control. In this regard, this Review covers various technologies that have been utilized for the development of these patterned coculture models while mentioning the limitations associated with each of them. Further, the application of these models to various tissue engineering applications has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Joshi
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
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2
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YOSHIDA T, KOBAYASHI M, UOMOTO S, OHSHIMA K, HARA E, KATOH Y, TAKAHASHI N, HARADA T, USUI T, ELBADAWY M, SHIBUTANI M. The Potential of Organoids in Toxicologic Pathology: Role of toxicologic pathologists in <i>in vitro</i> chemical hepatotoxicity assessment. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:225-235. [PMID: 35832897 PMCID: PMC9256002 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori YOSHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mio KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Suzuka UOMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kanami OHSHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Emika HARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka KATOH
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naofumi TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Takanori HARADA
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Tatsuya USUI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohamed ELBADAWY
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto SHIBUTANI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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3
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Lu Y, Dai W, Huang J, Chen X, Yao Y. A Biomimetic Glue Protein Modulates Hepatic Gene Expression. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000303. [PMID: 33393184 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glue protein as secretion from fruit fly larva plays a significant role in metamorphosis as cementing material for pupation sites. However, the biochemical composition of this macromolecule remains obscure. This study takes the advantage of high-resolution proteomic analysis to unveil the protein compositions. A glue protein group is identified as chitin-binding motifs by bioinformatic analysis. Computational modeling analysis of representative proteins illustrates the binding site between protein and chitin. A biosynthetic approach is used to fabricate a glue protein by a modified Escherichia coli recombinant system. The as-biosynthesized biomimetic glue protein is applied as an extracellular matrix to investigate its biocompatibility and functionality. It is found that the purified recombinant protein shows enhanced performance to cellular viability. This finding provides a potential biomacromolecule candidate as an extracellular matrix for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, 1278 Keyuan Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
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4
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Akimoto J, Park SJ, Obuse S, Kawamoto M, Tamura M, Nandakumar A, Kobatake E, Ito Y. Synthesis of Photoreactive Poly(ethylene oxide)s for Surface Modification. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5941-5947. [PMID: 35021822 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoreactive polymers that generate active species upon irradiation with light are very useful for modifying the surfaces of substrates. However, water solubility decreases as the number of photoreactive functional groups on the polymer increases because most photoreactive functional groups are hydrophobic. In order to improve the hydrophilicity of the photoreactive polymer, we synthesized polyethylene glycol-based photoreactive polymers bearing hydrophobic azidophenyl groups on their side chains. Because of the hydrophilicity of the ethylene glycol main chain, polymers with large numbers of azidophenyl groups were solubilized in protic solvents compared to hydrophobic alkylene chain-based polymers prepared by radical polymerization of methacrylate monomers. Polymers were immobilized on various substrates by irradiation with ultraviolet light and were shown to suppress nonspecific interactions between proteins and cells on the substrate. We conclude that such polymers are useful, highly water soluble antifouling agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akimoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - So Jung Park
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Sei Obuse
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masuki Kawamoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mika Tamura
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Avanashiappan Nandakumar
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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5
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6
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Vacchini M, Edwards R, Guizzardi R, Palmioli A, Ciaramelli C, Paiotta A, Airoldi C, La Ferla B, Cipolla L. Glycan Carriers As Glycotools for Medicinal Chemistry Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6349-6398. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most powerful and versatile classes of biomolecules that nature
uses to regulate organisms’ biochemistry, modulating plenty of signaling events within cells, triggering
a plethora of physiological and pathological cellular behaviors. In this framework, glycan carrier
systems or carbohydrate-decorated materials constitute interesting and relevant tools for medicinal
chemistry applications. In the last few decades, efforts have been focused, among others, on the development
of multivalent glycoconjugates, biosensors, glycoarrays, carbohydrate-decorated biomaterials
for regenerative medicine, and glyconanoparticles. This review aims to provide the reader with a general
overview of the different carbohydrate carrier systems that have been developed as tools in different
medicinal chemistry approaches relying on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Given the extent of
this topic, the present review will focus on selected examples that highlight the advancements and potentialities
offered by this specific area of research, rather than being an exhaustive literature survey of
any specific glyco-functionalized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vacchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Rana Edwards
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guizzardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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7
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Wang L, Li Z, Xu C, Qin J. Bioinspired Engineering of Organ-on-Chip Devices. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:401-440. [PMID: 31713207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human body can be viewed as an organism consisting of a variety of cellular and non-cellular materials interacting in a highly ordered manner. Its complex and hierarchical nature inspires the multi-level recapitulation of the human body in order to gain insights into the inner workings of life. While traditional cell culture models have led to new insights into the cellular microenvironment and biological control in vivo, deeper understanding of biological systems and human pathophysiology requires the development of novel model systems that allow for analysis of complex internal and external interactions within the cellular microenvironment in a more relevant organ context. Engineering organ-on-chip systems offers an unprecedented opportunity to unravel the complex and hierarchical nature of human organs. In this chapter, we first highlight the advances in microfluidic platforms that enable engineering of the cellular microenvironment and the transition from cells-on-chips to organs-on-chips. Then, we introduce the key features of the emerging organs-on-chips and their proof-of-concept applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the challenges and future outlooks of this state-of-the-art technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Cong Xu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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8
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Liu J, Li C, Cheng S, Ya S, Gao D, Ding W. Large-scale high-density culture of hepatocytes in a liver microsystem with mimicked sinusoid blood flow. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2266-2276. [PMID: 30350403 DOI: 10.1002/term.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro engineering of liver tissue is a rapidly developing field for various biomedical applications. However, liver tissue culture is currently performed on only a small scale with a low density of hepatocytes. In this study, a simple design was introduced in a liver microsystem to enhance the transport of nutrients (e.g., oxygen and glucose) for the three-dimensional large-scale, high-density culture of hepatocytes. In this design, convection across the cell culture zone was generated to mimic sinusoid blood flow (SBF) based on the pressure difference between two fluids flowing in a countercurrent manner on either side of the cell culture zone. First, the distributions of living and dead cells in different culture subzones under various perfusion flow rates were observed, analysed, and compared. Then, the enhanced transport of nutrients was experimentally validated in relation to the viability of cells and theoretically explained by comparing the fluid velocity and oxygen concentration distribution in the cell culture zone in counterflow and coflow modes. Finally, the functions of the SBF-mimicked liver microsystem were assessed on the basis of specific metabolites, synthesized proteins, and bilirubin detoxification of hepatocytes, with collagen and alginate as extracellular matrices. Under this design, the density of hepatocytes cultured at the 3-mm-thickness scale reached ~7 × 107 cells/ml on Day 7, and the metabolism and detoxification functions of the cells worked well. In addition, a liver rope-like structure and sphere-like clusters of cells were observed. This work provides insight for the design of a bionic liver microsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shaohui Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengnan Ya
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dayong Gao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, Anhui, China
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9
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Alonso S. Exploiting the bioengineering versatility of lactobionic acid in targeted nanosystems and biomaterials. J Control Release 2018; 287:216-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The conjugation of biomolecules can impart materials with the bioactivity necessary to modulate specific cell behaviors. While the biological roles of particular polypeptide, oligonucleotide, and glycan structures have been extensively reviewed, along with the influence of attachment on material structure and function, the key role played by the conjugation strategy in determining activity is often overlooked. In this review, we focus on the chemistry of biomolecule conjugation and provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies for achieving controlled biomaterial functionalization. No universal method exists to provide optimal attachment, and here we will discuss both the relative advantages and disadvantages of each technique. In doing so, we highlight the importance of carefully considering the impact and suitability of a particular technique during biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Spicer
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Thomas Pashuck
- NJ
Centre for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey United States
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Baker QB, Podgorski GJ, Vargis E, Flann NS. A computational study of VEGF production by patterned retinal epithelial cell colonies as a model for neovascular macular degeneration. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:26. [PMID: 28775765 PMCID: PMC5540422 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The configuration of necrotic areas within the retinal pigmented epithelium is an important element in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the exudative (wet) and non-exudative (dry) forms of the disease, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells respond to adjacent atrophied regions by secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that in turn recruits new blood vessels which lead to a further reduction in retinal function and vision. In vitro models exist for studying VEGF expression in wet AMD (Vargis et al., Biomaterials 35(13):3999–4004, 2014), but are limited in the patterns of necrotic and intact RPE epithelium they can produce and in their ability to finely resolve VEGF expression dynamics. Results In this work, an in silico hybrid agent-based model was developed and validated using the results of this cell culture model of VEGF expression in AMD. The computational model was used to extend the cell culture investigation to explore the dynamics of VEGF expression in different sized patches of RPE cells and the role of negative feedback in VEGF expression. Results of the simulation and the cell culture studies were in excellent qualitative agreement, and close quantitative agreement. Conclusions The model indicated that the configuration of necrotic and RPE cell-containing regions have a major impact on VEGF expression dynamics and made precise predictions of VEGF expression dynamics by groups of RPE cells of various sizes and configurations. Coupled with biological studies, this model may give insights into key molecular mechanisms of AMD progression and open routes to more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory J Podgorski
- Biology Department, Utah State University, Logan, 84322 USA.,Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, 84322 USA
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Biological Engineering Department, Utah State University, Logan, 84322 USA
| | - Nicholas S Flann
- Synthetic Biomanufacturing Institute, Logan, 84322 USA.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, 98109 USA.,Computer Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, 84335 USA
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12
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Russo L, Cipolla L. Glycomics: New Challenges and Opportunities in Regenerative Medicine. Chemistry 2016; 22:13380-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
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13
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Wei J, Lu J, Liu Y, Yan S, Li X. Spheroid culture of primary hepatocytes with short fibers as a predictable in vitro model for drug screening. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7155-7167. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Short fibers are utilized as scaffolds for generation of size-controlled hepatocyte spheroids, exhibiting an efficient in vitro model for determining drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Jinfu Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Shili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
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14
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Yoon No D, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee SH. 3D liver models on a microplatform: well-defined culture, engineering of liver tissue and liver-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3822-37. [PMID: 26279012 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The liver, the largest organ in the human body, is a multi-functional organ with diverse metabolic activities that plays a critical role in maintaining the body and sustaining life. Although the liver has excellent regenerative and recuperative properties, damages caused by chronic liver diseases or viral infection may lead to permanent loss of liver functions. Studies of liver disease mechanism have focused on drug screening and liver tissue engineering techniques, including strategies based on in vitro models. However, conventional liver models are plagued by a number of limitations, which have motivated the development of 'liver-on-a-chip' and microplatform-based bioreactors that can provide well-defined microenvironments. Microtechnology is a promising tool for liver tissue engineering and liver system development, as it can mimic the complex in vivo microenvironment and microlevel ultrastructure, by using a small number of human cells under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. These systems provided by microtechnology allow improved liver-specific functions and can be expanded to encompass diverse 3D culture methods, which are critical for the maintenance of liver functions and recapitulation of the features of the native liver. In this review, we provide an overview of microtechnologies that have been used for liver studies, describe biomimetic technologies for constructing microscale 2D and 3D liver models as well as liver-on-a-chip systems and microscale bioreactors, and introduce applications of liver microtechnology and future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon No
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zhan X, Guan YQ. Design of magnetic nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment using the control mechanisms of the cell internal nucleus and external membrane. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4191-4204. [PMID: 32262296 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle drugs and relevant treatment technologies have achieved widespread attention in recent years. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenging malignancy of worldwide importance since it is one of the worst malignant tumors. In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are prepared via a co-precipitation reaction with self-assembled surface monolayers of oleic acid molecules. For synthesizing the nanoparticle anti-tumor drug used against HCC, the liquid photo-immobilization method is used to bond the photoactive N-isopropylacrylamide derivative (NIPAm-AA) onto the oleic acid monolayer for subsequently embedding doxorubicin, photoactive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and folic acid (FOL). We investigate how the nanoparticle drug inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, our characterizations show that the nanoparticle drug demonstrates much higher anticancer efficacy (94.7%) in vitro than previously reported drugs. It is revealed that the programmed cell death induced by the drug is mainly oncosis, a new programmed cell death pathway, different from earlier proposed mechanisms. This oncosis mechanism is also confirmed in the other two hepatocellular carcinoma cells (BEL-7402 and Huh-7). This study may be helpful for developing a new type of nanoparticle drug capable of assuring molecular control of both the cell inner nucleus and outer membrane as a means to enormously increase the drug efficacy in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Zhan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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16
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Guan YQ, Zheng Z, Huang Z, Li Z, Niu S, Liu JM. Powerful inner/outer controlled multi-target magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier prepared by liquid photo-immobilization. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4990. [PMID: 24845203 PMCID: PMC4028896 DOI: 10.1038/srep04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomagnetic materials offer exciting avenues for advancing cancer therapies. Most researches have focused on efficient delivery of drugs in the body by incorporating various drug molecules onto the surface of nanomagnetic particles. The challenge is how to synthesize low toxic nanocarriers with multi-target drug loading. The cancer cell death mechanisms associated with those nanocarriers remain unclear either. Following the cell biology mechanisms, we develop a liquid photo-immobilization approach to attach doxorubicin, folic acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ onto the oleic acid molecules coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a kind of novel inner/outer controlled multi-target magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier. In this work, this approach is demonstrated by a variety of structural and biomedical characterizations, addressing the anti-cancer effects in vivo and in vitro on the HeLa, and it is highly efficient and powerful in treating cancer cells in a valuable programmed cell death mechanism for overcoming drug resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/chemistry
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Folic Acid/chemistry
- Folic Acid/pharmacology
- HeLa Cells
- Hematinics/chemistry
- Hematinics/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/chemistry
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Light
- Magnetite Nanoparticles
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Oleic Acid/chemistry
- Oleic Acid/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Guan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuiqin Niu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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17
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Liu Y, Li H, Yan S, Wei J, Li X. Hepatocyte cocultures with endothelial cells and fibroblasts on micropatterned fibrous mats to promote liver-specific functions and capillary formation capabilities. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1044-54. [PMID: 24547870 DOI: 10.1021/bm401926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of hepatocyte phenotype and functions remains as a great challenge in the generation of functional liver tissue and in vitro model for drug metabolism studies. The use of hepatocyte coculture systems plays essential roles in the establishment of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communications similar to native liver tissues. In the current study, micropatterned electrospun fibrous mats were created to load hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (ECs), which were precisely assembled to establish their spatially controlled coculture for mimicking the in vivo structure of hepatic lobules. Hepatocytes formed compact polyhedral spheroids with an average diameter of 80-100 μm, reorganized actin filaments in the cell-cell contact regions, and well-developed bile canaliculi. Compared with hepatocytes cultured alone, the coculture of hepatocytes with either fibroblasts or ECs led to significantly higher albumin secretion, urea synthesis and cytochrome P-450 expression, which were dramatically improved by the coculture of hepatocytes with both fibroblasts and ECs. The cocultured ECs well spread on patterned regions with little organized filamentous actin, and significantly higher densities and deeper penetration into patterned scaffolds were determined for ECs after coculture with fibroblasts and hepatocytes compared with those after cultured alone or coculture with either fibroblasts or hepatocytes. A Matrigel overlay assay showed that the capabilities of ECs to form capillary tubes were significantly enhanced by micropatterned coculture with fibroblasts and hepatocytes. Thus, the coculture of hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and ECs on micropatterned fibrous mats helps both hepatocytes in the maintenance of hepatic functions and ECs in the formation of capillary-like structures. It is suggested that the micropatterned coculture model described here not only provides functional hepatic tissues for predictions of drug metabolism profiles, but also will enable investigations on more complex and physiological cell-cell communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
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18
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Wei J, Yan S, Yu J, Li X. Promoting hepatocyte spheroid formation and functions by coculture with fibroblasts on micropatterned electrospun fibrous scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3029-3040. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Verhulsel M, Vignes M, Descroix S, Malaquin L, Vignjevic DM, Viovy JL. A review of microfabrication and hydrogel engineering for micro-organs on chips. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1816-32. [PMID: 24314552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent trends towards the development of in vitro multicellular systems with definite architectures, or "organs on chips". First, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the scaffold have to be consistent with the anatomical environment in vivo. In this perspective, the flourishing interest in hydrogels as cellular substrates has highlighted the main parameters directing cell differentiation that need to be recapitulated in artificial matrix. Another scaffold requirement is to act as a template to guide tissue morphogenesis. Therefore specific microfabrication techniques are required to spatially pattern the environment at microscale. 2D patterning is particularly efficient for organizing planar polarized cell types such as endothelial cells or neurons. However, most organs are characterized by specific sub units organized in three dimensions at the cellular level. The reproduction of such 3D patterns in vitro is necessary for cells to fully differentiate, assemble and coordinate to form a coherent micro-tissue. These physiological microstructures are often integrated in microfluidic devices whose controlled environments provide the cell culture with more life-like conditions than traditional cell culture methods. Such systems have a wide range of applications, for fundamental research, as tools to accelerate drug development and testing, and finally, for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Verhulsel
- Macromolécules et Microsystèmes en Biologie et en Médecine, Institut Curie, UMR 168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maéva Vignes
- Macromolécules et Microsystèmes en Biologie et en Médecine, Institut Curie, UMR 168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Macromolécules et Microsystèmes en Biologie et en Médecine, Institut Curie, UMR 168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- Macromolécules et Microsystèmes en Biologie et en Médecine, Institut Curie, UMR 168, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Viovy
- Macromolécules et Microsystèmes en Biologie et en Médecine, Institut Curie, UMR 168, Paris 75005, France.
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20
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Sivakumar PM, Zhou D, Son TI, Ito Y. Design and Synthesis of Photoreactive Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118810408.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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21
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Effect of PPEGMA content on the structure and hydrophilicity of PVDF/PPEGMA blends prepared by in situ polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Soldatow VY, Lecluyse EL, Griffith LG, Rusyn I. In vitro models for liver toxicity testing. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2012; 2:23-39. [PMID: 23495363 DOI: 10.1039/c2tx20051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, various liver-derived in vitro model systems have been developed to enable investigation of the potential adverse effects of chemicals and drugs. Liver tissue slices, isolated microsomes, perfused liver, immortalized cell lines, and primary hepatocytes have been used extensively. Immortalized cell lines and primary isolated liver cells are currently most widely used in vitro models for liver toxicity testing. Limited throughput, loss of viability, and decreases in liver-specific functionality and gene expression are common shortcomings of these models. Recent developments in the field of in vitro hepatotoxicity include three-dimensional tissue constructs and bioartificial livers, co-cultures of various cell types with hepatocytes, and differentiation of stem cells into hepatic lineage-like cells. In an attempt to provide a more physiological environment for cultured liver cells, some of the novel cell culture systems incorporate fluid flow, micro-circulation, and other forms of organotypic microenvironments. Co-cultures aim to preserve liver-specific morphology and functionality beyond those provided by cultures of pure parenchymal cells. Stem cells, both embryonic- and adult tissue-derived, may provide a limitless supply of hepatocytes from multiple individuals to improve reproducibility and enable testing of the individual-specific toxicity. This review describes various traditional and novel in vitro liver models and provides a perspective on the challenges and opportunities afforded by each individual test system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Y Soldatow
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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23
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Guan YQ, Li Z, Chen J, Tao H, Wang W, Zheng Z, Li L, Liu JM. Pathway of programmed cell death in HeLa cells induced by polymeric anti-cancer drugs. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3637-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Leite SB, Teixeira AP, Miranda JP, Tostões RM, Clemente JJ, Sousa MF, Carrondo MJT, Alves PM. Merging bioreactor technology with 3D hepatocyte-fibroblast culturing approaches: Improved in vitro models for toxicological applications. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:825-32. [PMID: 21315144 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last years an increasing number of in vitro models have been developed for drug screening and toxicity testing. Primary cultures of hepatocytes are, by far, the model of choice for those high-throughput studies but their spontaneous dedifferentiation after some time in culture hinders long-term studies. Thus, novel cell culture systems allowing extended hepatocyte maintenance and more predictive long term in vitro studies are required. It has been shown that hepatocytes functionality can be improved and extended in time when cultured as 3D-cell aggregates in environmental controlled stirred bioreactors. In this work, aiming at further improving hepatocytes functionality in such 3D cellular structures, co-cultures with fibroblasts were performed. An inoculum concentration of 1.2×10(5) cell/mL and a 1:2 hepatocyte:mouse embryonic fibroblast ratio allowed to improve significantly the albumin secretion rate and both ECOD (phase I) and UGT (phase II) enzymatic activities in 3D co-cultures, as compared to the routinely used 2D hepatocyte monocultures. Significant improvements were also observed in relation to 3D monocultures of hepatocytes. Furthermore, hepatocytes were able to respond to the addition of beta-Naphtoflavone by increasing ECOD activity showing CYP1A inducibility. The dependence of CYP activity on oxygen concentration was also observed. In summary, the improved hepatocyte specific functions during long term incubation of 3D co-cultures of hepatocytes with fibroblasts indicate that this system is a promising in vitro model for long term toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Leite
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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25
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Guillame-Gentil O, Semenov O, Roca AS, Groth T, Zahn R, Vörös J, Zenobi-Wong M. Engineering the extracellular environment: Strategies for building 2D and 3D cellular structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5443-62. [PMID: 20842659 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate is regulated by extracellular environmental signals. Receptor specific interaction of the cell with proteins, glycans, soluble factors as well as neighboring cells can steer cells towards proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis or migration. In this review, approaches to build cellular structures by engineering aspects of the extracellular environment are described. These methods include non-specific modifications to control the wettability and stiffness of surfaces using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as well as methods where the temporal activation and spatial distribution of adhesion ligands is controlled. Building on these techniques, construction of two-dimensional cell sheets using temperature sensitive polymers or electrochemical dissolution is described together with current applications of these grafts in the clinical arena. Finally, methods to pattern cells in three-dimensions as well as to functionalize the 3D environment with biologic motifs take us one step closer to being able to engineer multicellular tissues and organs.
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26
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Guan YQ, Li Z, Liu JM. Death signal transduction induced by co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ and the development of polymeric anti-cancer drugs. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9074-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Zheng MH, Ye C, Braddock M, Chen YP. Liver tissue engineering: promises and prospects of new technology. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:349-60. [PMID: 20053145 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903479655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Today, many patients suffer from acute liver failure and hepatoma. This is an area of high unmet clinical need as these conditions are associated with very high mortality. There is an urgent need to develop techniques that will enable liver tissue engineering or generate a bioartificial liver, which will maintain or improve liver function or offer the possibility of liver replacement. Liver tissue engineering is an innovative way of constructing an implantable liver and has the potential to alleviate the shortage of organ donors for orthotopic liver transplantation. In this review we describe, from an engineering perspective, progress in the field of liver tissue engineering, including three main aspects involving cell sources, scaffolds and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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28
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High-throughput reconstitution of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in folliculoid microtissues by biomaterial-facilitated self-assembly of dissociated heterotypic adult cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4341-52. [PMID: 20206989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a method for efficient production of folliculoid keratinocyte-dermal papilla (DP) microtissues to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. The behavior of DP cells and adult keratinocytes from hairless skin on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVAL) surface was investigated. Keratinocytes, poorly adherent both to substrate and between homotypic cells, become suspended disperse cells after homotypic cell seeding. Seeded simultaneously, keratinocytes and DP cells are able to aggregate into spheroidal microtissues. Dynamical analysis shows that DP cells act as a carrier in the process due to the heterotypic intercellular adhesion. DP cells attach faster to EVAL and start to aggregate. Keratinocytes adhere to DP cells and are then carried by DP cells to form initial hybrid aggregates. Due to the high motility of DP cells, these hybrid aggregates move collectively as clusters and merge into larger spheroids which subsequently detach from the substratum and can be easily collected. Compared with random cell distribution in spheroids generated in hanging drops, these hybrid spheroids have a preferential compartmented core-shell structure: an aggregated DP cell core surrounded by a keratinocyte shell. In addition to ameliorated DP signature gene expression, keratinocytes show down-regulated epidermal terminal differentiation and enhanced follicular differentiation. Functionally, these microtissues are able to grow hairs in vivo. This work sheds light on the complex effects and dynamics of cell-cell and cell-substratum interaction in the patterning of heterotypic cells into tissue forms and is of potential to be applied to mass generation of other epithelial organ primordia in vitro.
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29
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HE X, WANG J, XIAO F. SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOSYLATED THERMO-RESPONSIVE HYDROGELS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH HepG2 CELLS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2009.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Cell culture on MEMS platforms: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5411-5441. [PMID: 20054478 PMCID: PMC2802002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfabricated systems provide an excellent platform for the culture of cells, and are an extremely useful tool for the investigation of cellular responses to various stimuli. Advantages offered over traditional methods include cost-effectiveness, controllability, low volume, high resolution, and sensitivity. Both biocompatible and bio-incompatible materials have been developed for use in these applications. Biocompatible materials such as PMMA or PLGA can be used directly for cell culture. However, for bio-incompatible materials such as silicon or PDMS, additional steps need to be taken to render these materials more suitable for cell adhesion and maintenance. This review describes multiple surface modification strategies to improve the biocompatibility of MEMS materials. Basic concepts of cell-biomaterial interactions, such as protein adsorption and cell adhesion are covered. Finally, the applications of these MEMS materials in Tissue Engineering are presented.
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31
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Young TH, Tu HR, Chan CC, Huang YC, Yen MH, Cheng NC, Chiu HC, Lin SJ. The enhancement of dermal papilla cell aggregation by extracellular matrix proteins through effects on cell-substratum adhesivity and cell motility. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5031-40. [PMID: 19556003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Generally, cells tend to aggregate on a substratum with lower cell adhesivity. However, it also leads to compromised cell growth and higher cell loss after seeding. This study is aimed at tackling this dilemma by extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coating of a lower adhesive substratum poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVAL) that has been shown to facilitate hair follicle dermal papilla (DP) spheroid formation. We found that coating with either fibronectin (Fn), collagen I, or collagen IV yields higher adhesivity and cell growth than that with laminin. However, cells can only aggregate on uncoated or Fn-coated EVAL. Quantitatively, Fn coating increases the number of spheroids by 67%. Analysis of cell migration reveals that collagen I, collagen IV and laminin coatings reduce cell motility, while Fn coating keeps cells highly motile. Inhibition of cell migration hinders spheroid formation. In addition, disruption of Fn function does not significantly compromise intercellular adhesion. Hence, Fn enhances cell aggregation by enhancing cell attachment, cell growth and cell motility. Our study demonstrates that intercellular organization as spheroids or flat monolayers is switchable by specific ECM protein coating and preserving cell motility is vital to cell aggregation. In addition to generation of spheroidal DP microtissues for hair follicle regeneration and large-scale production of aggregates of other cells, this strategy can help to regulate the tissue-substrate adhesivity and tissue spreadability on the surface of implantable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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32
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Chien HW, Chang TY, Tsai WB. Spatial control of cellular adhesion using photo-crosslinked micropatterned polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2209-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Ito Y, Hasuda H, Sakuragi M, Tsuzuki S. Surface modification of plastic, glass and titanium by photoimmobilization of polyethylene glycol for antibiofouling. Acta Biomater 2007; 3:1024-32. [PMID: 17644500 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Photoreactive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was prepared and the polymer was photoimmobilized on organic, inorganic and metal surfaces to reduce their interaction with proteins and cells. The photoreactive PEG was synthesized by co-polymerization of methacrylate-PEG and acryloyl 4-azidobenzene. Surface modification was carried in the presence and the absence of a micropatterned photomask. It was then straightforward to confirm the immobilization using the micropatterning. Using the micropatterning method, immobilization of the photoreactive PEG on plastic (Thermanox), glass and titanium was confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy observations. The contact angle on an unpatterned surface was measured. Although the original surfaces have different contact angles, the contact angle on PEG-immobilized surfaces was the same on all surfaces. This result demonstrated that the surface was completely covered with PEG by the photoimmobilization. To assess non-specific protein adsorption on the micropatterned surface, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated proteins were adsorbed. Reduced protein adsorption was confirmed by vanishingly small staining of HRP substrates on the immobilized regions. COS-7 cells were cultured on the micropatterned surface. The cells did not adhere to the PEG-coated regions. In conclusion, photoreactive PEG was immobilized on various surfaces and tended to reduce interactions with proteins and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan.
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34
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Kidambi S, Sheng L, Yarmush ML, Toner M, Lee I, Chan C. Patterned co-culture of primary hepatocytes and fibroblasts using polyelectrolyte multilayer templates. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:344-53. [PMID: 17370273 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the formation of patterned cell co-cultures using the layer-by-layer deposition of synthetic ionic polymers and without the aid of adhesive proteins/ligands such as collagen or fibronectin. In this study, we used synthetic polymers, namely poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC) and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) as the polycation and polyanion, respectively, to build the multilayer films. We formed SPS patterns on polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) surfaces either by microcontact printing PDAC onto SPS surfaces or vice-versa. To create patterned co-cultures on PEMs, we capitalize on the preferential attachment and spreading of primary hepatocytes on SPS as opposed to PDAC surfaces. In contrast, fibroblasts readily attached to both PDAC and SPS surfaces, and as a result, we were able to obtain patterned co-cultures of fibroblast and primary hepatocytes on synthetic PEM surfaces. We characterized the morphology and hepatic-specific functions of the patterned cell co-cultures with microscopy and biochemical assays. Our results suggest an alternative approach to fabricating controlled co-cultures with specified cell-cell and cell-surface interactions; this approach provides flexibility in designing cell-specific surfaces for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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35
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Kamruzzaman Selim KM, Ha YS, Kim SJ, Chang Y, Kim TJ, Ho Lee G, Kang IK. Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles using lactobionic acid and their interaction with hepatocytes. Biomaterials 2007; 28:710-6. [PMID: 17049979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were surface-modified with lactobionic acid (LA) to improve their intracellular uptake and ability to target hepatocytes. Maltotrionic acid (MA)-modified nanoparticles were also synthesized as a control. Cell culture experiment showed that LA-modified nanoparticles were internalized into hepatocytes and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) measurement indicated that the uptake amount of LA-modified magnetite into hepatocytes was higher than that of unmodified and MA-modified nanoparticles. LA-modified nanoparticle solution was injected in rabbit and the magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained showed that LA-coated nanoparticles were selectively accumulated onto the hepatocytes. This result demonstrates that the LA-modified magnetite nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as contrast agent for liver diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kamruzzaman Selim
- Department of Polymer Science, Kyungpook National University, Puk-gu, Taegu 702-701, South Korea
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36
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Yu BY, Chou PH, Chen CA, Sun YM, Kung SS. C3A Cell Behaviors on Micropatterned Chitosan— Collagen—Gelatin Membranes. J Biomater Appl 2007; 22:255-74. [PMID: 17494968 DOI: 10.1177/0885328207076780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the properties and surface micropatterning of chitosan—collagen—gelatin (CCG) blended membranes on C3A cell's activities has been investigated. It is aimed to guide the cell growth and improve the growth rate in vitro for the application in tissue engineering. Masters with micropatterns are prepared on stainless steel plates by photolithography. The CCG membranes with surface micropatterns are then fabricated by soft lithography and dry—wet phase inversion techniques. The morphology and metabolic activity of cultured C3A cells on the membranes are recorded. When the C3A cells are seeded on the membranes with micropattern spacing of 200 μm width and 80 μm depth, they adhere and aggregate in the groove of the membranes in a few minutes. The aggregated cells migrate up to the surface of the ridge later. This phenomenon, however, is not found on membranes with a micropattern spacing of 500 μm width. In addition, it is demonstrated that the cells on the CCG membranes with micropatterns have higher metabolism and growth rates than those on the flat CCG membranes and on T-flask discs. Micropatterning on the membrane surface can affect the distribution of cells and the communication among cells, and results in a difference in cell adhesion, morphology, mobility, and growth activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
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Hendriks J, Riesle J, van Blitterswijk CA. Co-culture in cartilage tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2007; 1:170-8. [DOI: 10.1002/term.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Charest JL, Eliason MT, García AJ, King WP. Combined microscale mechanical topography and chemical patterns on polymer cell culture substrates. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2487-94. [PMID: 16325902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a technique to independently form mechanical topography and surface chemical patterns on polymer cell substrates, and studies the response of osteoblast cells to these surface patterns. The patterns were formed in two separate steps: hot embossing imprint lithography formed the mechanical topography and microcontact printing created the chemical pattern. The resulting substrate had surface features consisting of embossed grooves 4 microm deep and 8 microm wide spaced by 16 microm wide mesas and microcontact printed adhesive lanes 10 microm wide with spacings that ranged from 10 to 100 microm. When presented with either mechanical topography or chemical patterns alone, the cells significantly aligned to the pattern presented. When presented with mechanical topography overlaid with an orthogonal chemical pattern, the cells aligned to the mechanical topography. As the chemical pattern spacing was increased, osteoblasts remained aligned to the mechanical topography. Unlike traditional microfabrication approaches based on photolithography and wet chemistry, the patterning technique presented is compatible with a large number of biomaterials, could form patterns with features much smaller than 1 microm, and is highly scalable to large substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Charest
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA
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Cho CS, Seo SJ, Park IK, Kim SH, Kim TH, Hoshiba T, Harada I, Akaike T. Galactose-carrying polymers as extracellular matrices for liver tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006; 27:576-85. [PMID: 16084586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays important roles in tissue engineering because cellular growth and differentiation, in the two-dimensional cell culture as well as in the three-dimensional space of the developing organism, require ECM with which the cells can interact. Especially, the bioartificial liver-assist device or regeneration of the liver-tissue substitutes for liver tissue engineering requires a suitable ECM for hepatocyte culture because hepatocytes are anchorage-dependent cells and are highly sensitive to the ECM milieu for the maintenance of their viability and differentiated functions. Galactose-carrying synthetic ECMs derived from synthetic polymers and natural polymers bind hepatocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism, resulting in enhanced hepatocyte functions. Attachment and functions of hepatocytes were affected by physico-chemical properties including ECM geometry as well as the type, density and orientation of galactose. Also, cellular environment, medium composition and dynamic culture system influenced liver-specific functions of hepatocytes beside ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cho
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Hasuda H, Kwon OH, Kang IK, Ito Y. Synthesis of photoreactive pullulan for surface modification. Biomaterials 2005; 26:2401-6. [PMID: 15585243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photoreactive pullulan was prepared, the polymer was photoimmobilized on polymeric or organic surfaces, and its interactions with a protein and a cell type were investigated. The photoreactive pullulan was synthesized by a coupling reaction with 4-azidobenzonic acid. Surface modification was carried out in the presence or absence of a micropatterned photomask containing 100 microm transparent stripes with 150 microm gaps, making it easy to confirm the immobilization. By the micropatterning method, immobilization of the photoreactive pullulan on polystyrene, polyethylene, and silane-coupled glass was confirmed. Contact angles were measured on the unpatterned surfaces. Although the original surfaces have different contact angles, the contact angle on Az-pullulan-immobilized surface was the same on all surfaces. This result demonstrated that photoimmobilization completely covered the surface with Az-pullulan. Protein adsorption was investigated using fluorescently labeled albumin applied to the micropatterned surface: fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that adsorption was reduced on the pullulan-immobilized regions. Culture of RAW264 cells, derived from mouse leukemic monocytes, on the micropatterned surface for 22 h showed that cells did not adhere to the immobilized pullulan regions. In conclusion, photoreactive pullulan was covalently immobilized on various surfaces and tended to reduce interactions with proteins and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Hasuda
- Regenerative Medical Bioreactor Project, Kanagwa Academy of Science and Technology, KSP East 309, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, 213-0012, Japan
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Immobilization of lactobionic acid on polyurethane films and their interaction with hepatocytes. Macromol Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03219061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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