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Kaplan B, Levenberg S. The Role of Biomaterials in Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031244. [PMID: 35163168 PMCID: PMC8835501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries are potentially devastating traumatic conditions with major consequences for patients’ lives. Severe cases of these conditions are currently incurable. In both the peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, disruption and degeneration of axons is the main cause of neurological deficits. Biomaterials offer experimental solutions to improve these conditions. They can be engineered as scaffolds that mimic the nerve tissue extracellular matrix and, upon implantation, encourage axonal regeneration. Furthermore, biomaterial scaffolds can be designed to deliver therapeutic agents to the lesion site. This article presents the principles and recent advances in the use of biomaterials for axonal regeneration and nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kaplan
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Biomaterials derived from natural resources have increasingly been used for versatile applications in the central nervous system (CNS). Thanks to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural biomaterials offer vast possibilities for future clinical repair strategies for the CNS. These materials can be used for diverse applications such as hydrogels to fill the tissue cavities, microparticles to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and scaffolds to transplant stem cells. In this review, various uses of prominent protein and polysaccharide biomaterials, with a special focus on collagen, in repair and regenerative applications for the brain are summarized together with their individual advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Ucar
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Wu Y, Ravnic DJ, Ozbolat IT. Intraoperative Bioprinting: Repairing Tissues and Organs in a Surgical Setting. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:594-605. [PMID: 32407688 PMCID: PMC7666846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting directly into injured sites in a surgical setting, intraoperative bioprinting (IOB), is an effective process, in which the defect information can be rapidly acquired and then repaired via bioprinting on a live subject. In patients needing tissue resection, debridement, traumatic reconstruction, or fracture repair, the ability to scan and bioprint immediately following surgical preparation of the defect site has great potential to improve the precision and efficiency of these procedures. In this opinion article, we provide the reader with current major limitations of IOB from engineering and clinical points of view, as well as possibilities of future translation of bioprinting technologies from bench to bedside, and expound our perspectives in the context of IOB of composite and vascularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Dino J Ravnic
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
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4
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Greenall G, Carr A, Beard D, Rees J, Rangan A, Merritt N, Dritsaki M, Nagra NS, Baldwin M, Hopewell S, Cook JA. Systematic review of the surgical management of rotator cuff repair with an augmentative patch: a feasibility study protocol. Syst Rev 2018; 7:187. [PMID: 30424809 PMCID: PMC6234662 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder pain is a common problem in the general population and is responsible for prolonged periods of disability, loss of productivity, absence from work and inability to carry out household activities. Rotator cuff problems account for up to 70% of shoulder pain problems and are the third most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder after those occurring in the lower back and neck. Rotator cuff surgery has high failure rates (25-50% within 12 months), and as a result, there is a pressing need to improve the outcome of rotator cuff surgery. Patch augmented surgery for rotator cuff repairs has recently been developed and is increasingly being used within the UK National Health Service. Patch augmented surgery could lead to a dramatic improvement in patient and surgical outcomes, but its clinical and cost effectiveness needs rigorous evaluation. The existing evidence on the use of patches may be at risk of bias as currently only a small number of single-centre comparative studies appear to have been carried out. Additionally, it is unclear for which patches a clinical study (comparative and non-comparative) has been conducted. This paper outlines the protocol for a systematic review intended to summarise the best available clinical evidence and will indicate what further research is required. METHODS Electronic databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane) will be systematically searched between April 2006 and the present day for relevant publications using a specified search strategy, which can be adapted for the use in multiple electronic databases, and inclusion criteria. Screening of both titles and abstracts will be done by two independent reviewers with any discrepancies resolved by a third independent reviewer. Data extraction will include information regarding the type of participants, type of intervention and outcomes including but not limited to shoulder-specific function and pain scores, patch-related adverse events and type of study. The results will be summarised in a narrative review where qualitative analysis is not possible. DISCUSSION This review aims to collate the current evidence base regarding the use of patches to augment rotator cuff repair. The results of this review will help to develop, using consensus methods, the design of a definitive randomised trial assessing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a patch to augment surgical repair of the rotator cuff that is both acceptable to stakeholders and is feasible. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42017057908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Greenall
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Beard
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Rees
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amar Rangan
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Naomi Merritt
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melina Dritsaki
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Navraj S. Nagra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mathew Baldwin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally Hopewell
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan A. Cook
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kon E, Robinson D, Verdonk P, Drobnic M, Patrascu JM, Dulic O, Gavrilovic G, Filardo G. A novel aragonite-based scaffold for osteochondral regeneration: early experience on human implants and technical developments. Injury 2016; 47 Suppl 6:S27-S32. [PMID: 28040083 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(16)30836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondral and osteochondral lesions represent a debilitating disease. Untreated lesions remain a risk factor for more extensive joint damage. The objective of this clinical study is to evaluate safety and early results of an aragonite-based scaffold used for osteochondral unit repair, by analysing both clinical outcome and MRI results, as well as the benefits of the procedure optimization through novel tapered shaped implants. METHODS A crystalline aragonite bi-phasic scaffold was implanted in patients affected by focal chondral-osteochondral knee lesions of the condyle and trochlea. Twenty-one patients (17 men, 4 women with a mean age of 31.0 ± 8.6 years) without severe OA received tapered shaped implants for the treatment of 2.5 ±1.7 cm2 sized defects. The control group consisted of 76 patients selected according to the same criteria from a database of patients who previously underwent implantation of cylindrical-shaped implants. The clinical outcome of all patients was evaluated with the IKDC subjective score, the Lysholm score, and all 5 KOOS subscales administered preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months after surgery, while MRI evaluation was performed at the 12 month follow-up. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement in all clinical scores was documented both in the tapered implants and the cylindrical group. No difference could be detected in the comparison between the improvement obtained with the two implant types, neither in the clinical nor in imaging evaluations. A difference could be detected instead in terms of revision rate, which was lower in the tapered implant group with no implant removal - 0% vs 8/76-10.5% failures in the cylindrical implants. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted both safety and potential of a novel aragonite-based scaffold for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions in humans. A tapered shape relative to the cylindrical shaped implant design, improved the scaffold's safety profile. Tapered scaffolds maintain the clinical improvement observed in cylindrical implants while reducing the postoperative risk of revision surgery. This aragonite-based implant was associated with a significant clinical improvement at the 12 month follow-up. Moreover, MRI findings revealed graft integration with good bone and cartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Kon
- NanoBiotecnology Lab, I Clinic - Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dror Robinson
- Department of Orthopedics, Hasharon Hospital affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikwa, Israel
| | - Peter Verdonk
- Antwerp Orthopaedic Center, Monica Hospitals, Stevenslei, Deurne, Belgium; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Antwerp University, Wilrijkstraat, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Matej Drobnic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jenel Mariano Patrascu
- Spitalul Clinic Judeţean de Urgenţă "Pius Brînzeu" Timişoara Bulevardul Liviu Rebreanu, Timişoara, Romania
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Filardo
- NanoBiotecnology Lab, I Clinic - Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Hyeon JE, Shin SK, Han SO. Design of nanoscale enzyme complexes based on various scaffolding materials for biomass conversion and immobilization. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1386-1396. [PMID: 27783468 PMCID: PMC5132044 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of scaffolds for enzyme immobilization involves advanced bionanotechnology applications in biorefinery fields, which can be achieved by optimizing the function of various enzymes. This review presents various current scaffolding techniques based on proteins, microbes and nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, as well as the impact of these techniques on the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials. Among them, architectural scaffolds have applied to useful strategies for protein engineering to improve the performance of immobilized enzymes in several industrial and research fields. In complexed enzyme systems that have critical roles in carbon metabolism, scaffolding proteins assemble different proteins in relatively durable configurations and facilitate collaborative protein interactions and functions. Additionally, a microbial strain, combined with designer enzyme complexes, can be applied to the immobilizing scaffold because the in vivo immobilizing technique has several benefits in enzymatic reaction systems related to both synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Furthermore, with the advent of nanotechnology, nanomaterials possessing ideal physicochemical characteristics, such as mass transfer resistance, specific surface area and efficient enzyme loading, can be applied as novel and interesting scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Intelligent application of various scaffolds to couple with nanoscale engineering tools and metabolic engineering technology may offer particular benefits in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of BiotechnologyKorea University02841SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of BiotechnologyKorea University02841SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of BiotechnologyKorea University02841SeoulRepublic of Korea
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Diletti R, van der Sijde J, Karanasos A, Fam JM, Felix C, van Mieghem NM, Regar E, Rapoza R, Zijlstra F, van Geuns RJ. Differential thrombotic prolapse burden in either bioresorbable vascular scaffolds or metallic stents implanted during acute myocardial infarction: The snowshoe effect: Insights from the maximal footprint analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:802-8. [PMID: 27394977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothesized increased thrombus entrapment during bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation in acute myocardial infarction, the so-called "snowshoe effect" has never been demonstrated. METHODS Patients enrolled in the BVS STEMI FIRST study matched with STEMI patients implanted with everolimus-eluting metal stents (EES) and undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the index procedure were compared. Quantitative coronary angiography analysis and optical coherence tomography data for evaluation of thrombotic prolapse were reported. Percentage maximal footprint (%MFP) analysis as an indicator of the snowshoe effect was performed. RESULTS A total of 302 patients were analyzed (151 with BVS and 151 with EES). Of those patients 30 implanted with BVS and 17 implanted with EES were imaged at the index procedure with OCT. Baseline clinical characteristics, TIMI-flow and thrombus burden were similar between groups. Aspiration thrombectomy was similarly performed in the two groups (BVS 83.3% vs 94.1% EES, p=0.405). At the end of the procedure, final TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 93.3% and 82.4% of BVS and EES patients respectively (p=0.296). The %MFP was significantly higher in the BVS treated patients (36.59±5.65% vs 17.61±4.30, p<0.001). The results of the OCT analysis showed a mean prolapse area (0.61±0.26mm(2) vs 0.90±0.31mm(2), p=0.001) and a percentage prolapse area (7.11±2.98mm(2) vs 9.98±2.90mm(2), p=0.002) significantly higher in the EES group. CONCLUSIONS Scaffold structural characteristics such as strut width may play a role in terms of thrombus dislodgment patterns and acute prolapsing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Diletti
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jors van der Sijde
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Karanasos
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiang Ming Fam
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cordula Felix
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas M van Mieghem
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Regar
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Felix Zijlstra
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan van Geuns
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Gómez-Lechón MJ, Tolosa L, Donato MT. Metabolic activation and drug-induced liver injury: in vitro approaches for the safety risk assessment of new drugs. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:752-68. [PMID: 26691983 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant leading cause of hepatic dysfunction, drug failure during clinical trials and post-market withdrawal of approved drugs. Many cases of DILI are unexpected reactions of an idiosyncratic nature that occur in a small group of susceptible individuals. Intensive research efforts have been made to understand better the idiosyncratic DILI and to identify potential risk factors. Metabolic bioactivation of drugs to form reactive metabolites is considered an initiation mechanism for idiosyncratic DILI. Reactive species may interact irreversibly with cell macromolecules (covalent binding, oxidative damage), and alter their structure and activity. This review focuses on proposed in vitro screening strategies to predict and reduce idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity associated with drug bioactivation. Compound incubation with metabolically competent biological systems (liver-derived cells, subcellular fractions), in combination with methods to reveal the formation of reactive intermediates (e.g., formation of adducts with liver proteins, metabolite trapping or enzyme inhibition assays), are approaches commonly used to screen the reactivity of new molecules in early drug development. Several cell-based assays have also been proposed for the safety risk assessment of bioactivable compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- Activation, Metabolic
- Animals
- Cell Culture Techniques/trends
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/epidemiology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Coculture Techniques/trends
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/trends
- Drugs, Investigational/adverse effects
- Drugs, Investigational/chemistry
- Drugs, Investigational/pharmacokinetics
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques/trends
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Microfluidics/methods
- Microfluidics/trends
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Tissue Scaffolds/trends
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD, FIS, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD, FIS, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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9
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Stanetic BM, Iqbal J, Onuma Y, Serruys PW. Novel bioresorbable scaffolds technologies: current status and future directions. Minerva Cardioangiol 2015; 63:297-315. [PMID: 25921932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, coronary artery disease (CAD) has remained a leading cause of death worldwide, managed with enormous progress by medicine, from the development of advanced drugs to highly sophisticated revascularization modalities. Among them, as confirmed by recent studies, bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) have shown to have the potential to overtake conventional stents. This review presents their material composition and properties, those currently used in clinical evaluation, and their current limitations and potential improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Stanetic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Clinical Centre Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina -
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10
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Abstract
The commercial offer for bioceramic bone substitutes is very large, however, the prerequisites for applications in bone reconstruction and tissue engineering, are most often absent. The main criteria being: on the one hand physico-chemical features providing surgeons with an injectable and/or shapeable biomaterial; on the second hand the multi-scale bioactivity leading to osteoconduction and osteoinduction properties. In order to obtain greater suitability according to the nature of the bone defect to be treated, new bone regeneration technologies, "smart scaffolds" must be developed and optimize to support suitable Ortho Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Daculsi
- INSERM U791, Laboratory for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Dental Faculty, Nantes University, Place A. Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France,
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Abstract
Polyvalent interactions, where multiple ligands and receptors interact simultaneously, are ubiquitous in nature. Synthetic polyvalent molecules, therefore, have the ability to affect biological processes ranging from protein-ligand binding to cellular signaling. In this review, we discuss recent advances in polyvalent scaffold design and applications. First, we will describe recent developments in the engineering of polyvalent scaffolds based on biomolecules and novel materials. Then, we will illustrate how polyvalent molecules are finding applications as toxin and pathogen inhibitors, targeting molecules, immune response modulators, and cellular effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T. Varner
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tania Rosen
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jacob T. Martin
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ravi S. Kane
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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12
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Wei X, Xi T, Zheng Y. [PROGRESS IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLD MATERIALS]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2014; 28:784-788. [PMID: 26455237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the progress in biological tissue engineering scaffold materials and the clinical application, as well as product development status. METHODS Based on extensive investigation in the status of research and application of biological tissue engineering scaffold materials, a comprehensive analysis was made. Meanwhile, a detailed analysis of research and product development was presented. RESULTS Considerable progress has been achieved in research, products transformation, clinical application, and supervision of biological scaffold for tissue engineering. New directions, new technology, and new products are constantly emerging. With the continuous progress of science and technology and continuous improvement of life sciences theory, the new direction and new focus still need to be continuously adjusted in order to meet the clinical needs. CONCLUSION From the aspect of industrial transformation feasibility, acellular scaffolds and extracellular matrix are the most promising new growth of both research and product development in this field.
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13
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Abstract
Seminal recent studies that have shed new light on the remarkable properties of clay interactions suggest unexplored opportunities for biomaterial design and regenerative medicine. Here, recent conceptual and technological developments in the science of clay interactions with biomolecules, polymers, and cells are examined, focusing on the implications for tissue engineering and regenerative strategies. Pioneering studies demonstrating the utility of clay for drug-delivery and scaffold design are reviewed and areas for future research and development highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Dawson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton, UK.
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14
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Abstract
The subject of biomaterials science concerns artificial materials used in medical devices to repair or reconstruct natural human tissue damaged by disease or trauma. It embraces the emerging field of tissue engineering, where artificial materials are used as scaffolds to provide the architecture for replacement organs. As such, the field raises numerous ethical issues, which are reviewed in this paper. These include the use of animal models, the testing materials and devices in patients, and what may be viewed as potential abuses, where augmentation and repair are carried out for cosmetic as opposed to clinical reasons. The paper gives detailed consideration of the recent problems of metal-on-metal hip replacements as an exemplar of some of the key ethical issues that arise in this field.
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Abstract
The limited natural ability of the body to fully repair large bone defects often necessitates the implantation of a replacement material to promote healing. While the current clinical strategies to address such bone defects generally carry associated limitations, bone-tissue engineering approaches seek to minimize any adverse effects and facilitate complete regeneration of the lost tissue. Of particular interest are hybrid constructs that incorporate multiple components found within the native bone matrix to enhance the osteogenicity of biocompatible materials, which might otherwise be non-osteogenic. This Progress Report will focus on such hybrid constructs that incorporate multiple components from native bone matrix for bone-tissue engineering and will highlight the synthesis and characterization of the hybrid constructs, cellular attachment and proliferation within the constructs, in vitro osteogenicity of the constructs, and the biological response to in vivo implantation of the constructs at ectopic and orthotopic sites.
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16
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Safian RD. Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds: the shape of things to come? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 80:472-3. [PMID: 22431381 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ahmed M, Yildirimer L, Khademhosseini A, Seifalian AM. Nanostructured materials for cardiovascular tissue engineering. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:4775-4785. [PMID: 22905530 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering with an ever increasing number of clinically viable implants being reported. However, poor cellular integration of constructs remains a major problem. Limitations in our knowledge of cell/substrate interactions and their impact upon cell proliferation, survival and phenotype are proving to be a major hindrance. Advances in nanotechnology have allowed researchers to fabricate scaffolds which mimic the natural cell environment to a greater extent; allowing the elucidation of appropriate physical cues which influence cell behaviour. The ability to manipulate cell/substrate interactions at the micro/nano scale may help to create a viable cellular environment which can integrate effectively with the host tissue. This review summarises the influence of nanotopographical features on cell behaviour and provides details of some popular fabricating techniques to manufacture 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering. Recent examples of the translation of this research into fabricating clinically viable implants for the regeneration of cardiovascular tissues are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmed
- University College London, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
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Poncelet D, de Vos P, Suter N, Jayasinghe SN. Bio-electrospraying and cell electrospinning: progress and opportunities for basic biology and clinical sciences. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineering of functional tissues is a fascinating and fertile arena of research and development. This flourishing enterprise weaves together many areas of research to tackle the most complex question faced to date, namely how to design and reconstruct a synthetic three-dimensional fully functional tissue on demand. At present our healthcare is under threat by several social and economical issues together with those of a more scientific and clinical nature. One such issue arises from our increasing life expectancy, resulting in an ageing society. This steeply growing ageing society requires functional organotypic tissues on demand for repair, replacement, and rejuvenation (R(3) ). Several approaches are pioneered and developed to assist conventional tissue/organ transplantation. In this Progress Report, "non-contact jet-based" approaches for engineering functional tissues are introduced and bio-electrosprays and cell electrospinning, i.e., biotechniques that have demonstrated as being benign for directly handling living cells and whole organisms, are highlighted. These biotechniques possess the ability to directly handle heterogeneous cell populations as suspensions with a biopolymer and/or other micro/nanomaterials for directly forming three-dimensional functional living reconstructs. These discoveries and developments have provided a promising biotechnology platform with far-reaching ramifications for a wide range of applications in basic biological laboratories to their utility in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Poncelet
- ONIRIS, UMR CNRS GEPEA 6144, route de la Géraudière, BP 82225, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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19
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Shearn JT, Kinneberg KR, Dyment NA, Galloway MT, Kenter K, Wylie C, Butler DL. Tendon tissue engineering: progress, challenges, and translation to the clinic. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011; 11:163-173. [PMID: 21625053 PMCID: PMC3689273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The tissue engineering field has made great strides in understanding how different aspects of tissue engineered constructs (TECs) and the culture process affect final tendon repair. However, there remain significant challenges in developing strategies that will lead to a clinically effective and commercially successful product. In an effort to increase repair quality, a better understanding of normal development, and how it differs from adult tendon healing, may provide strategies to improve tissue engineering. As tendon tissue engineering continues to improve, the field needs to employ more clinically relevant models of tendon injury such as degenerative tendons. We need to translate successes to larger animal models to begin exploring the clinical implications of our treatments. By advancing the models used to validate our TECs, we can help convince our toughest customer, the surgeon, that our products will be clinically efficacious. As we address these challenges in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, the field still needs to address the commercialization of products developed in the laboratory. TEC commercialization faces numerous challenges because each injury and patient is unique. This review aims to provide tissue engineers with a summary of important issues related to engineering tendon repairs and potential strategies for producing clinically successful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Shearn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 852 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0048, USA.
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20
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Edelstein L, Thomas SJ, Soslowsky LJ. Rotator cuff tears: what have we learned from animal models? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011; 11:150-162. [PMID: 21625052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tendon tears are among the most common soft tissue injuries that occur at the shoulder. Despite advancements in surgical repair techniques, rotator cuff repairs experience a high rate of failure. The common occurrence of tears and the frequency of re-tears require a further understanding of the mechanisms associated with injuries, healing, and regeneration of the rotator cuff. This paper reviews in vivo studies using the various animal shoulder models of the rat, rabbit, sheep, canine, and primate. These animal models have been used to study intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to shoulder degeneration, various suture techniques, effects of post-surgical treatment, numerous biologic and synthetic scaffolds, and an assortment of biologic augmentations used to accelerate healing. These effects can be examined in a controlled manner using animal models without other confounding factors that sometimes limit clinical studies. The clinically impactful results will be explained to highlight the specific knowledge gained from using animal models in rotator cuff research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Edelstein
- McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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Hofstetter CP, Boockvar JA. Neural stem cells: targeting glioma in 3-dimensions. Neurosurgery 2010; 66:N15. [PMID: 20495412 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000375274.84155.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Partap S, Lyons F, O'Brien FJ. IV.1. Scaffolds & surfaces. Stud Health Technol Inform 2010; 152:187-201. [PMID: 20407195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Partap
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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23
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Simões MJ, Amado S, Gärtner A, Armada-Da-Silva PAS, Raimondo S, Vieira M, Luís AL, Shirosaki Y, Veloso AP, Santos JD, Varejão ASP, Geuna S, Maurício AC. Use of chitosan scaffolds for repairing rat sciatic nerve defects. Ital J Anat Embryol 2010; 115:190-210. [PMID: 21287974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurotmesis must be surgically treated by direct end-to-end suture of the two nerve stumps or by a nerve graft harvested from elsewhere in the body in case of tissue loss. To avoid secondary damage due to harvesting of the nerve graft, a tube-guide can be used to bridge the nerve gap. Previously, our group developed and tested hybrid chitosan membranes for peripheral nerve tubulization and showed that freeze-dried chitosan type III membranes were particularly effective for improving peripheral nerve functional recovery after axonotmesis. Chitosan type III membranes have about 110 microm pores and about 90% of porosity, due to the employment of freeze-drying technique. The present study aimed to verify if chitosan type III membranes can be successfully used also for improving peripheral nerve functional recovery after neurotmesis of the rat sciatic nerve. Sasco Sprague-Dawley adult rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1: end-to-end neurorrhaphy enwrapped by chitosan membrane type III (End-to-EndChitll); Group 2: 10mm-nerve gap bridged by an autologous nerve graft enwrapped by chitosan membrane type III (Graf180degreeChitIII); Group 3: 10 mm-nerve gap bridged by chitosan type III tube-guides (GapChitIII); These 3 experimental groups were compared with 3 control groups, respectively: Group 4: 10 mm-nerve gap bridged by an autologous nerve graft (Graft180degree); Group 5: 10 mm-nerve gap bridged by PLGA 90:10 tube-guides (PLGA); Group 6: end-to-end neurorrhaphy alone (End-to-End). Motor and sensory functional recovery were evaluated throughout a healing period of 20 weeks using extensor postural thrust (EPT), withdrawal reflex latency (WRL) and ankle kinematics. Regenerated nerves withdrawn at the end of the experiment were analysed histologically. Results showed that nerve regeneration was successful in all experimental and control groups and that chitosan type III tubulization induced a significantly better nerve regeneration and functional recovery in comparison to PLGA tubulization control. Further investigation is needed to explore the mechanisms at the basis of the positive effects of chitosan type III on axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Simões
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro-Alimentares (ICETA), Universidade do Porto (UP), Portugal
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24
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Li E. [New strategies in tissue engineering--Tissue Inducible Biomaterials]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2009; 26:461-464. [PMID: 19634651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has typically been such an approach that relies on isolation and culture of primary cells (seed cells), seeding these cells onto porous scaffolds, maintaining under static or flow condition (Bioreactor) for a period of time prior to implantation. However, experience of almost thirty years in this research field tells us that the typical tissue engineering approach relies on autologous cells, expensive and time consuming. Tissue engineering products do not function very well and are difficult to get FDA approval. In recent years biomaterial scientists created a new concept "Tissue Inducible Biomaterials". The concept is based on designing of microstructure of scaffolds, chemical modification and incorporation of bioactive molecule to scaffolds. Thus the scaffolds gain tissue induction activity, and will facilitate tissue regeneration and repair in vivo. The concepts of "In Vivo Tissue Engineering" and "Tissue Inducible Biomaterials" are been recognized by the Society, and are becoming the new approaches in tissue engineering: Based on the research of the related references within the past three years, the present paper summarized the strategy of tissue inducible biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhong Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China.
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25
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Oray BN, Kelly S, Konobeck T, Lambert A, Mooradian DL. Novel propylene oxide-treated bovine pericardium as soft tissue repair material and potential scaffold for tissue engineering. Surg Technol Int 2009; 18:47-54. [PMID: 19579189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with autographic or allographic repair materials, the use of a xenographic soft tissue repair material could improve patient outcomes following surgery, since such a material would not require a second surgical site and could reduce the risk of human-to-human disease transmission. Veritas(c) Collagen Matrix (Veritas) is a novel, non-crosslinked soft tissue repair material derived from bovine pericardium. Physical property testing shows this material is strong, malleable, of uniform thickness, and easily sutureable. Biocompatibility testing, as well as viral safety and extractable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) studies demonstrate the acellularity, safety, and immunological inertness of the material. Animal studies in pigs and rabbits, in a variety of surgical procedures that include abdominal wall implant, unilateral hysterectomy, urethral sling implant, and dural substitute studies demonstrate Veritas does not adhere readily to tissues of the chest wall or abdomen under conditions that promote adhesions. In addition, these studies show that Veritas is remodelable and, in time, becomes histologically indistinguishable from the host tissue. These findings indicate Veritas is an ideal soft tissue repair material and it may serve as an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nicholas Oray
- Synovis Life Technologies, Inc., Research and Development Department, St. Paul, MN, USA
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26
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Rauch MF, Hynes SR, Bertram J, Redmond A, Robinson R, Williams C, Xu H, Madri JA, Lavik EB. Engineering angiogenesis following spinal cord injury: a coculture of neural progenitor and endothelial cells in a degradable polymer implant leads to an increase in vessel density and formation of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:132-45. [PMID: 19120441 PMCID: PMC2764251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis precedes recovery following spinal cord injury and its extent correlates with neural regeneration, suggesting that angiogenesis may play a role in repair. An important precondition for studying the role of angiogenesis is the ability to induce it in a controlled manner. Previously, we showed that a coculture of endothelial cells (ECs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) promoted the formation of stable tubes in vitro and stable, functional vascular networks in vivo in a subcutaneous model. We sought to test whether a similar coculture would lead to the formation of stable functional vessels in the spinal cord following injury. We created microvascular networks in a biodegradable two-component implant system and tested the ability of the coculture or controls (lesion control, implant alone, implant + ECs or implant + NPCs) to promote angiogenesis in a rat hemisection model of spinal cord injury. The coculture implant led to a fourfold increase in functional vessels compared with the lesion control, implant alone or implant + NPCs groups and a twofold increase in functional vessels over the implant + ECs group. Furthermore, half of the vessels in the coculture implant exhibited positive staining for the endothelial barrier antigen, a marker for the formation of the blood-spinal cord barrier. No other groups have shown positive staining for the blood-spinal cord barrier in the injury epicenter. This work provides a novel method to induce angiogenesis following spinal cord injury and a foundation for studying its role in repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent Ford Rauch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, Malone Engineering Center 311, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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27
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Abstract
Articular cartilage repair and regeneration continue to be largely intractable because of the poor regenerative properties of this tissue. The field of articular cartilage tissue engineering, which aims to repair, regenerate, and/or improve injured or diseased articular cartilage functionality, has evoked intense interest and holds great potential for improving articular cartilage therapy. This review provides an overall description of the current state of and progress in articular cartilage repair and regeneration. Traditional therapies and related problems are introduced. More importantly, a variety of promising cell sources, biocompatible tissue engineered scaffolds, scaffoldless techniques, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli used in current articular cartilage tissue engineering are reviewed. Finally, the technical and regulatory challenges of articular cartilage tissue engineering and possible future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jerry Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Daou MR, Bendok BR, Awad IA. Engineering the ideal bypass graft. Neurosurgery 2008; 63:N9. [PMID: 18981873 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000339452.48345.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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29
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Li X, Wang C. [Current progress of fabricating tissue engineering scaffold using rapid prototyping techniques]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2008; 24:1321-1326. [PMID: 18998530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As one of the key factors for tissue engineering, scaffolds affect the spread and proliferation of seeded cells and the formation of new tissue. Although conventional methods can produce porous scaffolds with different porosities, they are lack controls the porous structures of the scaffolds. In recent years, rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been developed and have successfully applied to fabricate TE scaffolds. RP techniques can provide accurate control over internal pore architectures and complex-shapes. As a result of these techniques, ideal tissue-engineered constructs could be prepared. This paper reviewed the advantages, potential and future directions of RP techniques in the design and fabrication of TE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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30
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Guldberg RE, Oest ME, Dupont K, Peister A, Deutsch E, Kolambkar Y, Mooney D. Biologic augmentation of polymer scaffolds for bone repair. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7:333-334. [PMID: 18094499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Guldberg
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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31
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Healy KE, Guldberg RE. Bone tissue engineering. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7:328-330. [PMID: 18094496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Healy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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32
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Abstract
The influence of the properties and surface micropatterning of chitosan—collagen—gelatin (CCG) blended membranes on C3A cell's activities has been investigated. It is aimed to guide the cell growth and improve the growth rate in vitro for the application in tissue engineering. Masters with micropatterns are prepared on stainless steel plates by photolithography. The CCG membranes with surface micropatterns are then fabricated by soft lithography and dry—wet phase inversion techniques. The morphology and metabolic activity of cultured C3A cells on the membranes are recorded. When the C3A cells are seeded on the membranes with micropattern spacing of 200 μm width and 80 μm depth, they adhere and aggregate in the groove of the membranes in a few minutes. The aggregated cells migrate up to the surface of the ridge later. This phenomenon, however, is not found on membranes with a micropattern spacing of 500 μm width. In addition, it is demonstrated that the cells on the CCG membranes with micropatterns have higher metabolism and growth rates than those on the flat CCG membranes and on T-flask discs. Micropatterning on the membrane surface can affect the distribution of cells and the communication among cells, and results in a difference in cell adhesion, morphology, mobility, and growth activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
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