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Rajendran R, Antony S DP, Ashik P M, Bharath S, Thomas AJ, Heboyan A. Remineralization potential of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream on white spot lesions in enamel following orthodontic debonding - a randomized controlled trial. SAGE Open Med 2023; 12:20503121231221634. [PMID: 38162913 PMCID: PMC10757435 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231221634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objective This study was intended to compare and determine the potency of strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste against a topical cream containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and a regular dentifrice for remineralization of white spot lesions of enamel following orthodontic debonding. Methods Ninety individuals with white spot lesions on their enamel who visited the orthodontic department for de-bonding were selected for the research. Patients were randomly assigned to three distinct groups with each group consisting of 30 patients. Group 1 served as the control and received regular dentifrice, Group 2 received strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste, and Group 3 received casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate topical cream. Patients were instructed to locally apply a specified amount of the prescribed preparation twice daily for six weeks. The data were analysed using the statistical programme SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and the level of significance had been set at p < 0.05. Results Group 1 did not show any change in the enamel following the application of toothpaste. Both Group 2 and 3 demonstrated higher post-treatment scores, indicating effective remineralization potential (p < 0.001). However, Group 2 (strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite paste) displayed significantly greater remineralization capacity when compared to group 3 (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate topical cream). Conclusion Compared to conventional dentifrice and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste, strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite preparation demonstrated greater enamel remineralization of the white spot lesions and favourable surface alterations in the enamel surface. strontium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite can be utilised safely and efficiently to treat early caries and remineralise white spot lesions on the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh Rajendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental college and hospitals, Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-77, TN, India
| | - Delphine Priscilla Antony S
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental college and hospitals, Saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-77, TN, India
| | | | | | - Arun Jacob Thomas
- Noorul Islam College of Dental Science, Thiruvananthapuram, KL, India
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University Named after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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Malcangi G, Patano A, Morolla R, De Santis M, Piras F, Settanni V, Mancini A, Di Venere D, Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Inchingolo AM. Analysis of Dental Enamel Remineralization: A Systematic Review of Technique Comparisons. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040472. [PMID: 37106659 PMCID: PMC10135549 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demineralization process conditions the structure of the enamel and begins with a superficial decalcification procedure that makes the enamel surface porous and gives it a chalky appearance. White spot lesions (WSLs) are the first clinical sign that can be appreciated before caries evolves into cavitated lesions. The years of research have led to the testing of several remineralization techniques. This study's objective is to investigate and assess the various methods for remineralizing enamel. The dental enamel remineralization techniques have been evaluated. A literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed. After screening, identification, and eligibility processes 17 papers were selected for the qualitative analysis. This systematic review identified several materials that, whether used singly or in combination, can be effective in the process of remineralizing enamel. All methods have a potential for remineralization when they come into contact with tooth enamel surfaces that have early-stage caries (white spot lesions). From the studies conducted in the test, all of the substances used to which fluoride has been added contribute to remineralization. It is believed that by developing and researching new remineralization techniques, this process might develop even more successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Morolla
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo De Santis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Settanni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Luo M, Liu G, Cao Y. Reply to the 'Comment on "Deciphering calcium-binding behaviors of casein phosphopeptides by experimental approaches and molecular simulation"' by D. Horne, Food Funct., 2022, 13, https://doi.org/D2FO00808D. Food Funct 2023; 14:2272-2273. [PMID: 36723370 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The comment regarding a method we used to calculate the binding capacity of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) with calcium. Dr. Horne stated that we overestimated the concentration of Ca2+. Indeed, peptides would bind with more calcium ions with the help of phosphate ions. However, in our statement, the binding capacity of CPPs with calcium we used included the binding with calcium in the presence of phosphate. In our solution, peptides sequester calcium phosphate to form soluble core-shell nanoclusters, preventing calcium phosphate precipitating. Even if the binding capacity of CPPs with calcium are overestimated as stated by Dr. Horne, these could not be a problem in deciphering calcium-binding behaviors. Phosphate was applied only in the optimizing and screening process presented in Fig. 1 and Table 1, other experiments (Fig. 2-5 in the commented article) did not include phosphate in the reaction system. Phosphate could not be a factor of these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Engineering Research Center for Natural Actives, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Engineering Research Center for Natural Actives, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Engineering Research Center for Natural Actives, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Evaluation of Resin Infiltration, Fluoride and the Biomimetic Mineralization of CPP-ACP in Protecting Enamel after Orthodontic Inter-Proximal Enamel Reduction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010082. [PMID: 36810413 PMCID: PMC9944074 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of using different agents for protecting enamel proximal surfaces against acidic attack after interproximal reduction (IPR) using the trans micro radiography technique. METHODS Seventy-five sound-proximal surfaces were obtained from extracted premolars for orthodontic reasons. All teeth were measured miso-distally and mounted before being stripped. The proximal surfaces of all teeth were hand stripped with single-sided diamond strips (OrthoTechnology, West Columbia, SC, USA) followed by polishing via Sof-Lex polishing strips (3M, Maplewood, MN, USA). Three-hundred micrometers of enamel thickness was reduced from each proximal surface. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1 (control un-demineralized) received no treatment, group 2 (control demineralized) had their surfaces demineralized after the IPR procedure, group 3 (fluoride) specimens were treated with fluoride gel (NUPRO, DENTSPLY, Charlotte, NC, USA) after the IPR, group 4 (Icon) resin infiltration material (Icon Proximal Mini Kit, DMG, Bielefeld, Germany) was applied after IPR, group 5 (MI varnish) specimens were treated with Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing varnish (MI Varnish, G.C, USA, St. Alsip, IL, USA) after the IPR. The specimens in (groups 2-5) were stored in a 4.5 pH demineralization solution for 4 days. The trans-micro-radiography (TMR) technique was conducted to evaluate the mineral loss (∆Z) and lesion depth of all specimens after the acid challenge. The obtained results were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS The MI varnish recorded significant ∆Z and lesion depth values compared to the other groups p > 0.05. There was no significant difference in ∆Z and lesion depth between the control demineralized, Icon, and fluoride groups p < 0.05. CONCLUSION The MI varnish increased the enamel resistance to acidic attack, and thus can be considered an agent capable of protecting the proximal enamel surface after IPR.
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Domantaitė M, Trakinienė G. Influence of the use of remineralizing agents on the tensile bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:507. [PMID: 36627322 PMCID: PMC9832128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of remineralizing agents on the tensile bond strength. The study sample consisted of 80 recently extracted molars, which were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20): groups FG1 and FG30, in which fluoride varnish was used, and groups RG1 and RG30, in which Recaldent tooth mousse was used. The mesiobuccal surfaces served as experimental, and distobuccal as control (n = 80). Brackets were bonded to both surfaces and were submitted to a tension test at different time intervals (T1 and T30). Tensile bond strength (TBS) and the amount of adhesive remnant (ARI) were assessed. A statistically significantly lower mean of TBS compared to the control group was found only in the FG1 group (p < 0.001), and no significant difference was found between the other groups. The FG1 group showed significantly higher ARI scores (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. No significant difference was found between the other groups. In conclusion, bonding brackets one day after applying fluoride varnish significantly reduced the TBS, but after 30 days it was set back to an optimal value. The use of Recaldent before orthodontic treatment had no adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Domantaitė
- Department of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Lukšos -Daumanto 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Trakinienė
- Department of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Lukšos -Daumanto 6, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Comparative Efficacy of Novel Biomimetic Remineralising Technologies. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010017. [PMID: 36648803 PMCID: PMC9844379 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic technologies for the remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions (ESLs) have been developed and include: fluorocalcium phosphosilicate bioglass (BG/F); casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP−ACP) and with fluoride (CPP−ACFP); and self-assembling oligopeptide P11-4 (SAP). The aim of this study was to compare the remineralisation of ESLs in vitro using these technologies. Human enamel slabs with ESLs were cut into two half-slabs; one half-slab was untreated (control), and the other half was treated by exposure to one of the four technologies with artificial saliva (AS) or AS alone for 14 days at 37 °C. The technologies were applied to the ESL surface according to the manufacturer’s instructions. At the completion of each treatment, the treated half-slabs and their paired control half-slabs were embedded, sectioned and the mineral content was determined using transverse microradiography. The change in mineral content (remineralisation) between treatments was statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA. The order from highest to lowest remineralisation was CPP−ACFP (52.6 ± 2.6%) > CPP−ACP (43.0 ± 4.9%) > BG/F (13.2 ± 2.5%) > SAP (5.8 ± 1.6%) > AS (2.1 ± 0.5%). Only CPP−ACFP and CPP−ACP produced remineralisation throughout the body of the lesions. All four biomimetic technologies had some effect on the remineralisation of ESLs; however, CPP−ACFP with calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions stabilised by CPP was superior in the level and pattern of remineralisation obtained.
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Jabin Z, Nasim I, Priya V V, Agarwal N. Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Fluoride Concentration after Topical Application of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:371-375. [PMID: 35991787 PMCID: PMC9357534 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The topical fluoride acts on the tooth in many ways and their most important action is inhibition of demineralization and enhancement of enamel remineralization. Aim The purpose of this clinical trial was to assess the fluoride concentration in saliva before and after 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) application on enamel and duration of its availability at different time intervals. Methodology A randomized clinical trial was conducted among 40 healthy children aged between 6 and 12 years. The participants were then randomly allocated into two different groups in which the first group (group I) was given 30% SDF and the second group (group II) were topically applied with 5% NaF solution. The fluoride concentration was measured in the salivary samples, which were collected at three time intervals, that is, at baseline (S1), 2 hours (S2), and 24 hours (S3) after application. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for evaluation and independent paired t-test was conducted for comparison between groups. Results When using an ANOVA with repeated measures with a Greenhouse–Geisser correction, the mean scores of fluoride concentration were statistically significantly different at different time intervals for both NaF (F = 20.854, p < 0.0005) and SDF (F = 22.746, p < 0.0005). Conclusion The present trial concluded that topical fluoride application increases fluoride bioavailability in saliva thereby increasing tooth remineralization. A steep rise in fluoride concentration was observed shortly post-SDF application at 2 hours and 24 hours time interval emerging a need for further research into the field of fluoridation with SDF. How to cite this article Jabin Z, Nasim I, Priya V V, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Fluoride Concentration after Topical Application of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):371-375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Jabin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Zohra Jabin, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9871933858, e-mail:
| | - Iffat Nasim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya V
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sezer B, Tuğcu N, Calışkan C, Durmuş B, Kupets T, Bekiroğlu N, Kargül B, Bourgeois D. Effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate and calcium glycerophosphate on incisors with molar-incisor hypomineralization: A cross-over, randomized clinical trial. Biomed Mater Eng 2022; 33:325-335. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-211371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Within the scope of minimally invasive dentistry, the use of different biocompatible remineralization agents on incisors affected by molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) gains importance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) and calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) in mineral density (MD) of white/creamy and yellow/brown demarcated opacities on incisors affected by MIH by means laser fluorescence (LF). METHODS: As a cross-over, randomized trial, twenty-two children with 167 incisors affected by MIH were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two different agents and crossed over to other agents with two weeks washout in between. Incisors were examined by using LF at all before and after three months periods. RESULTS: The results of the paired t-tests for determining the period effect between the baseline findings showed significant difference in white/creamy and yellow/brown demarcated opacities of LF values for both groups (p < 0.05). The difference between both groups according to after categorization of 20% increasing in MD in the percent of change before and after application on LF values; was not found statistically significant in white/creamy (p = 0.970) and yellow/brown (p = 0.948) opacities. CONCLUSIONS: The primary outcome was CPP-ACFP and CaGP had a positive effect in decreasing hypomineralization on MIH-affected enamel for three months period.
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Nadar B, Yavagal P, Velangi C, Yavagal C, Basavaraj S. Efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate varnish in remineralizing white spot lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.346406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mok ZH, Mylonas P, Austin R, Proctor G, Pitts N, Thanou M. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles for potential application as enamel remineralising agent tested on hydroxyapatite discs. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20002-20012. [PMID: 34826325 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate exhibits excellent biocompatibility, and with particle size in the nanoscale, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) were explored to replace the hydroxyapatite lost in the nanoporous teeth due to dental erosion. CPNPs (2% w/v) colloidally stabilised by sodium citrate were synthesised via co-precipitation. They were characterised in terms of particle size, morphology, crystallinity, Ca/P ratio and calcium ion release. To ensure uniformity of the substrate, hydroxyapatite (HA) discs were examined as an alternative substrate model to enamel. They were eroded in acetate buffer (0.5 M; pH 4.0) at various timepoints (1, 5, 10, 30 min, and 2, 4 h), and their physical differences compared to enamel were assessed in terms of surface microhardness, surface roughness and step height. The remineralisation properties of the synthesised CPNPs on eroded HA discs at different pH levels were investigated. It was established that CPNPs were heterogeneously deposited on the HA discs at pH 9.2, whereas newly precipitated minerals from CPNPs were potentially formed at pH 6.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hong Mok
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Rupert Austin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Pitts
- Reminova, Inveralmond Business Park, Auld Bond Road, Perth, UK
| | - Maya Thanou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Grohe B, Mittler S. Advanced non-fluoride approaches to dental enamel remineralization: The next level in enamel repair management. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 4:100029. [PMID: 36824571 PMCID: PMC9934497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern dentistry, a minimally invasive management of early caries lesions or early-stage erosive tooth wear (ETW) with synthetic remineralization systems has become indispensable. In addition to fluoride, which is still the non-plus-ultra in these early caries/ETW treatments, a number of new developments are in the test phase or have already been commercialized. Some of these systems claim that they are comparable or even superior to fluoride in terms of their ability to remineralize enamel. Besides, their use can help avoid some of the risks associated with fluoride and support treatments of patients with a high risk of caries. Two individual non-fluoride systems can be distinguished; intrinsic and extrinsic remineralization approaches. Intrinsic (protein/peptide) systems adsorb to hydroxyapatite crystals/organics located within enamel prisms and accumulate endogenous calcium and phosphate ions from saliva, which ultimately leads to the re-growth of enamel crystals. Extrinsic remineralization systems function on the basis of the external (non-saliva) supply of calcium and phosphate to the crystals to be re-grown. This article, following an introduction into enamel (re)mineralization and fluoride-assisted remineralization, discusses the requirements for non-fluoride remineralization systems, particularly their mechanisms and challenges, and summarizes the findings that underpin the most promising advances in enamel remineralization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Grohe
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, ON, N6A 4V2 Canada,Corresponding author at: 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.
| | - Silvia Mittler
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7 Canada,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9 Canada
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Reise M, Kranz S, Heyder M, Jandt KD, Sigusch BW. Effectiveness of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) Compared to Fluoride Products in an In-Vitro Demineralization Model. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14205974. [PMID: 34683566 PMCID: PMC8540000 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the toothpaste Tooth Mousse compared to conventional fluoride-based versions in the prevention of enamel and dentin demineralization. Human enamel and dentin samples (n = 120 each) were exposed to artificial demineralization at pH 4.92. During the demineralization process, the samples in the test groups were periodically treated with Tooth Mousse (TM) containing casein-phosphopeptide -amorphous-calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) and Tooth Mousse Plus (TMP) containing amorphous-calcium-fluoride-phosphate (CPP-ACPF) to evaluate their protective properties. Fluoride toothpastes containing 1400 ppm amine fluoride (AmF) and 1450 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF) were applied in the positive control groups. Treatment with distilled water (group C-W) or demineralization without treatment (group C-D) served as negative controls. After the demineralization and treatment process, all samples were cut longitudinally and lesion depths were determined at six locations using polarized light microscopy. In TM/TMP groups (enamel: 80/86 µm, dentin: 153/156 µm) lesion depths were significantly smaller compared to the negative control groups C-W/C-D (enamel: 99/111 µm, dentin: 163/166 µm). However, TM and TMP compared to the positive controls AmF/NaF (enamel: 58/63 µm, dentin: 87/109 µm) showed higher lesion depths. The application of TM/TMP (89%/78%) during demineralization led to a reduced number of severe lesions compared to the negative controls C-W/C-D (100%/95%). In this study we demonstrate that Tooth Mousse is less effective regarding prevention of enamel and dentin demineralization compared to fluoride containing toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (B.W.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (B.W.S.)
| | - Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (B.W.S.)
| | - Klaus D. Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd W. Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (B.W.S.)
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Shen P, Fernando JR, Yuan Y, Walker GD, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Bioavailable fluoride in calcium-containing dentifrices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:146. [PMID: 33420297 PMCID: PMC7794534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium added to dentifrices can complex with fluoride ions to reduce intra-oral bioavailability and therefore efficacy in preventing dental caries. Six commercially available dentifrices containing different types of calcium and fluoride were analyzed for total and bioavailable fluoride levels by adding 10 g of dentifrice to 30 mL of distilled deionized water and mixing vigorously for 1 min to simulate toothbrushing. One milliliter of the dentifrice/water slurry was immediately centrifuged and the supernatant removed for bioavailable fluoride analysis and the mixed slurry prior to centrifugation used for total fluoride analysis using a modified microdiffusion method. The concentration of fluoride was determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode calibrated with internal fluoride standards. All the dentifrices had similar total fluoride concentrations to those indicated on their labels (94% to 105%). However, only one dentifrice that contained calcium in the form of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) had almost 100% (97%) of fluoride in bioavailable form. The other dentifrices contained calcium carbonate and they exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) lower bioavailable fluoride levels (27% to 61%), through the generation of poorly soluble fluoride phases. The saliva biomimetic CPP, as CPP-ACP, in a dentifrice stabilised calcium and fluoride ions to maintain fluoride’s bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Shen
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - James R Fernando
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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14
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Mok ZH, Proctor G, Thanou M. Emerging nanomaterials for dental treatments. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:613-625. [PMID: 33200780 PMCID: PMC7752085 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanomaterials for dental treatments is encouraged by the nanotopography of the tooth structure, together with the promising benefits of nanomedicine. The use of nanoparticles in dentistry, also termed as 'nanodentistry', has manifested in applications for remineralisation, antimicrobial activity, local anaesthesia, anti-inflammation, osteoconductivity and stem cell differentiation. Besides the applications on dental tissues, nanoparticles have been used to enhance the mechanical properties of dental composites, improving their bonding and anchorage and reducing friction. The small particle size allows for enhanced permeation into deeper lesions, and reduction in porosities of dental composites for higher mechanical strength. The large surface area to volume ratio allows for enhanced bioactivity such as bonding and integration, and more intense action towards microorganisms. Controlled release of encapsulated bioactive molecules such as drugs and growth factors enables them to be delivered more precisely, with site-targeted delivery for localised treatments. These properties have benefitted across multiple fields within dentistry, including periodontology and endodontics and reengineering of dental prosthetics and braces. This review summarises the current literature on the emerging field of nanomaterials for dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hong Mok
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Maya Thanou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
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15
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Structural Biology of Calcium Phosphate Nanoclusters Sequestered by Phosphoproteins. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofluids that contain stable calcium phosphate nanoclusters sequestered by phosphopeptides make it possible for soft and hard tissues to co-exist in the same organism with relative ease. The stability diagram of a solution of nanocluster complexes shows how the minimum concentration of phosphopeptide needed for stability increases with pH. In the stable region, amorphous calcium phosphate cannot precipitate. Nevertheless, if the solution is brought into contact with hydroxyapatite, the crystalline phase will grow at the expense of the nanocluster complexes. The physico-chemical principles governing the formation, composition, size, structure, and stability of the complexes are described. Examples are given of complexes formed by casein, osteopontin, and recombinant phosphopeptides. Application of these principles and properties to blood serum, milk, urine, and resting saliva is described to show that under physiological conditions they are in the stable region of their stability diagram and so cannot cause soft tissue calcification. Stimulated saliva, however, is in the metastable region, consistent with its role in tooth remineralization. Destabilization of biofluids, with consequential ill-effects, can occur when there is a failure of homeostasis, such as an increase in pH without a balancing increase in the concentration of sequestering phosphopeptides.
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16
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Markoska T, Vasiljevic T, Huppertz T. Unravelling Conformational Aspects of Milk Protein Structure-Contributions from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies. Foods 2020; 9:E1128. [PMID: 32824355 PMCID: PMC7466366 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the molecular structure and association of milk proteins lead to many desirable (under controlled conditions) or undesirable characteristics of dairy products. Several methods have been used to study the structure of milk proteins and changes therein in different environments. Whey proteins are an excellent model for secondary structure studies using circular dichroism (CD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tertiary structure studies using X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, caseins, the most abundant protein class in milk, are far more difficult to characterize. The tertiary structure of caseins cannot be observed by X-ray crystallography due to the inability to crystallize caseins. However, NMR is an appropriate approach for structural elucidation. Thus far, NMR was applied on specific peptides of individual caseins of the molecules including phosphoserine centers and colloidal calcium phosphate. The literature focuses on these parts of the molecule due to its importance in building the sub-unit particles involving individual caseins and calcium phosphate nanoclusters. This review focuses on present structural studies of milk proteins using NMR and their importance in dairy processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatijana Markoska
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia; (T.M.); (T.V.)
| | - Todor Vasiljevic
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia; (T.M.); (T.V.)
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia; (T.M.); (T.V.)
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6808 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Shen P, McKeever A, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Fernando JR, Chen YY, MacRae CM, Schneider P, Reynolds EC. Remineralization and fluoride uptake of white spot lesions under dental varnishes. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:278-285. [PMID: 32678914 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate white spot lesion (WSL) remineralization and fluoride uptake by the application of fluoride varnishes directly onto artificial WSLs in vitro. METHODS MI varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and 2.26% fluoride and Duraphat varnish containing 2.26% fluoride (no added calcium) were compared with a placebo varnish (no added calcium or fluoride). Two WSLs were prepared in enamel slabs and varnish applied to cover one of the two lesions. Each slab was immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days at 37°C. Mineral content was determined using transverse microradiography and fluoride uptake using electron probe microanalysis. The data were statistically analysed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS Both MI and Duraphat varnishes significantly remineralized the covered and uncovered WSLs when compared with the placebo varnish (P < 0.001). The WSLs covered with varnish showed greater remineralization than those uncovered. MI varnish produced the highest level of remineralization and significantly greater fluoride uptake (0.44 ± 0.08 wt%) compared with Duraphat (0.24 ± 0.03 wt%) and the placebo varnish (0.06 ± 0.05 wt%). CONCLUSION Varnish containing fluoride and CPP-ACP was superior to varnish containing fluoride alone in promoting WSL remineralization and fluoride uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A McKeever
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G D Walker
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J R Fernando
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y-Y Chen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C M MacRae
- Microbeam Laboratory, CSIRO Mineral Resources, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Schneider
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Daneshpoor N, Pishevar L. Comparative evaluation of bioactive cements on biomimetic remineralization of dentin. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e291-e299. [PMID: 32190201 PMCID: PMC7071542 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to quantitatively compare the presence of apatite peaks on demineralized dentin to induced bio-mimetically by bioactive commercial materials.
Material and Methods Dentin slice specimens (n=6) were prepared and demineralized by by17% EDTA for 2 hours. Each disks materials (Theracal, Biodentine, CPP-ACP) were freshly prepared and was maintained in close contact with a demineralized dentin specimen immersed in PBS solution during one week. To evaluation of bioactivity, cements disks (n=6) were prepared from each material and immersed in PBS solution for one week. The bioactivity and remineralization ability was evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The Ca/P ratio of the surface of dentin and cements disks were compared with one -way ANOVA, independent T test and Duncan test (α=0.05).
Results Ca/P weight ratio of Biodentine (187.5) was significantly higher than Theracal (10.10) and Theracal higher than CPP-ACP (0.37) (P=0.008). Demineralized dentin in contact with Test materials, indicated Ca and P peak after 7 days, but not showed statistically differences between the groups (P=0.08).
Conclusions The outcome revealed that bioactive cements and CPP-ACP had bioactivity capability during one week. Biodentine had higher bioactivity between others. Demineralized dentin could be remineralized with bioactive materials. Key words:Bioactive, cements, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tooth remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Pishevar
- Department of operative dentistry, faculty of dentistry, Isfahan (khorasgan) branch, Islamic Azad university, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Bhandari R, Thakur S, Singhal P, Chauhan D, Jayam C, Jain T. In vivo Comparative Evaluation of Esthetics after Microabrasion and Microabrasion followed by Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate on Molar Incisor Hypomineralization-Affected Incisors. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 10:9-15. [PMID: 32015635 PMCID: PMC6975009 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_852_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an esthetic setback for the patient as well as for the dentist, treatment options for MIH includes minimally invasive techniques like microabrasion which has a limited literature of its effect. Furthermore, the effect of remineralizing such as casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) agent on MIH-affected teeth is minimally studied. Aim: Comparative evaluation of the esthetic after microabrasion and microabrasion followed by Tooth Mousse Plus on hypomineralized incisors of MIH-affected patients. Settings and Design: The study was a randomized clinical trial. Materials and Methods: The study comprised Grade I MIH patients in the age strata of 7–16 years having lesions on incisors. As per inclusion criteria, 46 lesions were divided into two groups of microabrasion and microabrasion followed by CPP-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (ACFP). Photographs were obtained before treatment, just after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. The photographic evaluation was done using the CIE L*a*b* scoring method. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and posthoc Tukey's test were applied to compare the difference in lightness ΔL and total color change ΔE of these two groups. Results: In microabrasion group, the overall change in ΔL of white tooth discoloration came −0.9 standard deviation (SD) 7.3. In microabrasion followed by CPP-ACFP group, statistically significant difference was found between both these groups with P value of P ≤ 0.001. Conclusions: Microabrasion followed by the remineralizing agent can improve the esthetics of white tooth discoloration with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu Bhandari
- Department of Pedodontics, H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics, H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Singhal
- Department of Pedodontics, H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chauhan
- Department of Pedodontics, H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Cheranjeevi Jayam
- Department of Pedodontics, H.P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Teerthesh Jain
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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20
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Khanduri N, Kurup D, Mitra M. Quantitative evaluation of remineralizing potential of three agents on artificially demineralized human enamel using scanning electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive analytical X-ray element analysis: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.294329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Hu H, Feng C, Jiang Z, Wang L, Shrestha S, Su X, Shu Y, Ge L, Lai W, Hua F, Long H. Effectiveness of remineralising agents in prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a protocol for a systematic review incorporating network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:339. [PMID: 31884975 PMCID: PMC6935494 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White spot lesions (WSLs) are common adverse effects in fixed orthodontic treatment. Remineralising agents are widely used to prevent WSLs formation and are the first-line treatment for existing WSLs. Previous systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of remineralisation agents in the management of WSLs. However, their conclusions were contradictory. The objective of this study will be to compare the effectiveness and safety of current remineralising agents used in the management of WSLs in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances in any orthodontic setting. METHODS Literature searches will be conducted in several electronic databases (from inception onwards): MEDLINE (via Ovid), Scopus, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), among others. Grey literature will be identified through searching clinical trials registries. Randomised controlled trials that compared the effectiveness of different remineralisation agents in the prevention and treatment of WSLs will be included. Two researchers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The study risk bias will be appraised using an appropriate tool. The primary outcomes will be WSLs incidence and severity of WSLs. Secondary outcomes will be subjective measures of WSLs and adverse effects. The mean difference (MD) and relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) will be chosen as effect measures for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. If feasible, fixed and random-effects pairwise meta-analyses and frequentist network meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. DISCUSSION This network meta-analysis will compare the effectiveness of remineralising agents in the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs. By integrating the evidence from direct and indirect comparisons and ranking all evaluated interventions, our findings have the potential to help clinicians make more accurate treatment decisions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019116852, registered on March 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chong Feng
- School of Medicine, University of Nankai, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 Nankai China
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of Nankai, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071 Nankai China
| | - Lufei Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, 385 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Sonu Shrestha
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiaoming Su
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Shu
- Sichuan University Library, 29 Wangjian Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Long Ge
- Evidence-based Social Science Research Center & Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Wenli Lai
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics & Centre for Evidence-Based Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Nell Lane, Manchester, M20 2LR UK
| | - Hu Long
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
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22
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Sleibi A, Tappuni AR, Karpukhina NG, Hill RG, Baysan A. A comparative evaluation of ion release characteristics of three different dental varnishes containing fluoride either with CPP-ACP or bioactive glass. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1695-1705. [PMID: 31563405 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare ion release characteristics of three different dental varnishes either containing CPP-ACP and fluoride (CPP-ACPF, MI Varnish GC, Japan), bioactive glass and fluoride (BGAF, Dentsply Sirona USA) or fluoride alone (NUPRO White, Dentsply Sirona USA) using fluoride-Ion Selective Electrode (F-ISE), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 19F and 31P Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR). METHODS A thin layer (0.0674±0.0005g) of each varnish (20×25mm in area) was spread on a roughened glass slide (n=7). They were separately immersed in 10ml Tris buffer (0.06M, pH=7.30), and changed after 1, 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48h. Fluoride-ion concentration at each time using the F-ISE, whilst calcium and phosphate release were investigated using ICP-OES. XRD, FTIR. MAS-NMR analyses were also performed before and after immersion. RESULTS The cumulative F-ion release was significantly higher in CPP-ACPF (1.113mmol/g)>BGAF(0.638)>F(0.112) (p<0.001). The cumulative calcium and phosphorus were higher in the CPP-ACPF (0.137mmol/g, 0.119) than BGAF (0.067, 0.015) (p<0.001) respectively. The XRD and 19F MAS-NMR confirmed the presence of NaF peaks in all cases before immersion. There were less prominent signal and appearance of fluorapatite crystals after immersion. 19F MAS-NMR revealed CaF2 formation after immersion in both CPP-ACPF and BGAF. 31P MAS-NMR showed phosphate signals in both CPP-ACPF and BGAF before immersion. FTIR failed to show any signs of apatite formation. SIGNIFICANCE Both CPP-ACP and bioactive glass enhanced ion release without compromising the bioavailability of fluoride. The CPP-ACPF varnish had the most promising ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sleibi
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, EI 2AD, London, United Kingdom; College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - A R Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, EI 2AD, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia G Karpukhina
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, EI 4NS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Hill
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, EI 4NS, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Baysan
- Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, EI 2AD, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Green DR, Schulte F, Lee KH, Pugach MK, Hardt M, Bidlack FB. Mapping the Tooth Enamel Proteome and Amelogenin Phosphorylation Onto Mineralizing Porcine Tooth Crowns. Front Physiol 2019; 10:925. [PMID: 31417410 PMCID: PMC6682599 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel forms in an ephemeral protein matrix where changes in protein abundance, composition and posttranslational modifications are critical to achieve healthy enamel properties. Amelogenin (AMELX) with its splice variants is the most abundant enamel matrix protein, with only one known phosphorylation site at serine 16 shown in vitro to be critical for regulating mineralization. The phosphorylated form of AMELX stabilizes amorphous calcium phosphate, while crystalline hydroxyapatite forms in the presence of the unphosphorylated protein. While AMELX regulates mineral transitions over space and time, it is unknown whether and when un-phosphorylated amelogenin occurs during enamel mineralization. This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution of the cleavage products of the most abundant AMLEX splice variants including the full length P173, the shorter leucine-rich amelogenin protein (LRAP), and the exon 4-containing P190 in forming enamel, all within the context of the changing enamel matrix proteome during mineralization. We microsampled permanent pig molars, capturing known stages of enamel formation from both crown surface and inner enamel. Nano-LC-MS/MS proteomic analyses after tryptic digestion rendered more than 500 unique protein identifications in enamel, dentin, and bone. We mapped collagens, keratins, and proteolytic enzymes (CTSL, MMP2, MMP10) and determined distributions of P173, LRAP, and P190 products, the enamel proteins enamelin (ENAM) and ameloblastin (AMBN), and matrix-metalloprotease-20 (MMP20) and kallikrein-4 (KLK4). All enamel proteins and KLK4 were near-exclusive to enamel and in excellent agreement with published abundance levels. Phosphorylated P173 and LRAP products decreased in abundance from recently deposited matrix toward older enamel, mirrored by increasing abundances of testicular acid phosphatase (ACPT). Our results showed that hierarchical clustering analysis of secretory enamel links closely matching distributions of unphosphorylated P173 and LRAP products with ACPT and non-traditional amelogenesis proteins, many associated with enamel defects. We report higher protein diversity than previously published and Gene Ontology (GO)-defined protein functions related to the regulation of mineral formation in secretory enamel (e.g., casein α-S1, CSN1S1), immune response in erupted enamel (e.g., peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP), and phosphorylation. This study presents a novel approach to characterize and study functional relationships through spatiotemporal mapping of the ephemeral extracellular matrix proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Green
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Kyu-Ha Lee
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan K Pugach
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Markus Hardt
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felicitas B Bidlack
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Elgamily H, Safy R, Makharita R. Influence of Medicinal Plant Extracts on the Growth of Oral Pathogens Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus Acidophilus: An In-Vitro Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2328-2334. [PMID: 31592282 PMCID: PMC6765092 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of five plant extracts, as well as the combinations of the two most effective plant, extracts either with or without commercial varnish (MI varnish) on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to MI varnish using agar disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. METHODS: Methanolic extractions of five plants (Cinnamon, Turmeric, Ginger, Clove and Black seed,) were tested against the growth of the two oral pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the two most effective extracts, and their combinations with different ratios were evaluated against the growth of the two oral pathogens, followed by incorporating the two effective plants or each into commercial MI varnish to be assessed against the oral pathogens in comparison to MI varnish. RESULTS: Only Cinnamon and Clove produced inhibition zones against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus growth. MIC for the two plants showed equal antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, while Cinnamon had a higher sensitivity to Lactobacillus acidophilus than Clove. A mixture of Cinnamon and Clove in a ratio 1:2 exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. Integration the mixture of both plants into MI varnish in a ratio of 1:1:1 presented the highest antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the lowest one was recorded for the MI varnish alone. CONCLUSION: Methanolic extract of Cinnamon and Clove has considerable antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and a new tool for minimally invasive and adhesive dentistry avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Safy
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rabab Makharita
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jeddah University, Khulais, Female-branch, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Effects of Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate Materials on Remineralization of Mild and Severe White Spot Lesions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1271523. [PMID: 31317022 PMCID: PMC6601497 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1271523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fixed orthodontic treatments often lead to enamel demineralization and cause white spot lesions (WSLs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineralization degree of 2 types of WSLs based on ICDAS index and compare the remineralizing efficacy of 3 oral hygiene practices after 1 month and 3 months. 80 mild demineralized and 80 severe demineralized enamel specimens were randomized into three treatments: fluoride toothpaste (FT), fluoride varnish plus fluoride toothpaste (FV+FT), and CPP-ACP plus fluoride toothpaste (CPP-ACP+FT). Microhardness tester, DIAGNODent Pen 2190, and scanning electron microscope were used to evaluate the changes of mineralization degree. Both qualitative and quantitative indicators suggested that the mild and severe white spot lesions were different in the degree of mineralization. Severe WSLs demineralized much more seriously than mild lesions even after 3 months of treatment. Despite the variation in severity, both lesions had the same variation trend after each measure was applied: FT had weak therapeutic effect, FV + FT and CPP-ACP + FT were effective for remineralization. Their remineralizing efficacy was similar after 1 month, and combined use of CPP-ACP plus F toothpaste was more effective after 3 months. In order to fight WSLs, early diagnosis was of great importance, and examination of the tooth surface after air-dry for 5 seconds was recommended. Also, when WSLs were found, added remineralizing treatments were required.
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Fernando JR, Shen P, Sim CPC, Chen YY, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Stanton DP, MacRae CM, Reynolds EC. Self-assembly of dental surface nanofilaments and remineralisation by SnF 2 and CPP-ACP nanocomplexes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1285. [PMID: 30718577 PMCID: PMC6362116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, erosion and hypersensitivity are major public health problems. SnF2 is used widely in oral care products to help prevent/treat these conditions. Casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) are a biomimetic nanotechnology of salivary phosphopeptide-ACP complexes that deliver bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions to promote dental remineralisation (repair). We show here using in vitro studies and a double-blind, randomised controlled, cross-over design in situ clinical trial that SnF2 and CPP-ACP interact to form a nanofilament coating on the tooth surface and that together they are superior in their ability to promote dental remineralisation. Sn(II) by cross-linking the CPP-ACP helps to stabilise the complexes which improves delivery to the tooth surface and enhances binding and ion incorporation into tooth mineral. The combination of SnF2 and CPP-ACP in oral care products may significantly improve their efficacy in prevention/treatment of dental caries/erosion and hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fernando
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peiyan Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina P C Sim
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Yen Chen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin M MacRae
- Microbeam Laboratory, CSIRO Mineral Resources, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Beerens MW, Ten Cate JM, Buijs MJ, van der Veen MH. Long-term remineralizing effect of MI Paste Plus on regression of early caries after orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a 12-month follow-up randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2019; 40:457-464. [PMID: 29161371 PMCID: PMC6160597 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium-fluoride-phosphate (CPP-ACFP) can remineralize subsurface lesions. It is the active ingredient of MI-Paste-Plus® (MPP). The long-term remineralization efficacy is unknown. Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of MPP versus a placebo paste on remineralization of enamel after fixed orthodontic treatment over a 12-month period. Design This trial was designed as a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled RCT. Methods Patients with subsurface lesions scheduled for removal of the appliance were included. They applied either MPP or control paste once a day at bedtime for 12 months, complementary to normal oral hygiene. Main outcome measures Changes in enamel lesions (primary outcome) were fluorescence loss and lesion area determined by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Secondary outcomes were Microbial composition, by conventional plating, and acidogenicity of plaque, by capillary ion analysis (CIA), and lesion changes scored visually on clinical photographs. Randomization Participants [age = 15.5 years (SD = 1.6)] were randomly assigned to either the MPP or the control group, as determined by a computer-randomization scheme, created and locked before the start of the study. Participants received neutral-coloured concealed toothpaste tubes marked A or B. Blinding The patients and the observers were blinded with respect to the content of tube A or B. Results A total of 51 patients were analysed; MPP (n = 25) versus control group (n = 26); data loss (n = 14). There was no significant difference between the groups over time for all the used outcome measures. There was a significant improvement in enamel lesions (fluorescence loss) over time in both groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), with no differences between groups. Limitations Being an in vivo study, non-compliance of the subjects could have influenced the result. Conclusion The additional use of MPP in patients with subsurface enamel lesions after orthodontic fixed appliance treatment did not improve these lesions during the 1 year following debonding. Registration This trial is registered at the medical ethical committee of the VU Medical Centre in Amsterdam (NL.199226.029.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek W Beerens
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob M Ten Cate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H van der Veen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zabokova-Bilbilova E, Sotirivska-Ivkovska A, Igić M, Mijoska A, Stavreva N, Spirov V, Evrosimovska B, Pecakov K. In vitro assessment of caseein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in prevention of white spot lesions. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/asn1979909z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Shen P, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Stanton DP, Fernando JR, Reynolds EC. Importance of bioavailable calcium in fluoride dentifrices for enamel remineralization. J Dent 2018; 78:59-64. [PMID: 30099066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by fluoride dentifrices with added calcium in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, in situ study. METHODS Human enamel with subsurface lesions were prepared and inserted into intra-oral appliances worn by volunteers. A slurry (1 g toothpaste/4 ml H2O) was rinsed for 60 s, 4 times per day for 14 days. Seven toothpastes were tested: (i) 1450 ppm F (NaF), (ii) 5000 ppm F (NaF), (iii) 1450 ppm F (MFP) with calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP), (iv) 1450 ppm F (MFP) with CaCO3/Arg, (v) 1150 ppm F (SnF2) with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), (vi) 1100 ppm F (NaF) with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and (vii) 5000 ppm F (NaF) with functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (TCP). Total (acid soluble) and bioavailable (water soluble) calcium, inorganic phosphate and fluoride levels of the dentifrices were measured using ion chromatography (F/MFP) and spectrophotometry (Ca and inorganic phosphate). Enamel lesion mineral content was measured using transverse microradiography. Data were statistically analysed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS All calcium and fluoride containing toothpastes released > 90% of bioavailable fluoride and were superior to the respective fluoride alone toothpastes in remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions. The level of remineralization followed the order: CPP-ACP/1l00 ppm F > ACP/1150 ppm F = TCP/5000 ppm F > 5000 ppm F = CaCO3/Arg/1450 ppm F = CSP/1450 ppm F > 1450 ppm F. Bioavailable calcium levels significantly correlated with enhanced remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions. CONCLUSIONS Bioavailable calcium in fluoride dentifrices enhanced remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R Fernando
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Manoharan V, Kumar RK, Sivanraj AK, Arumugam SB. Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Casein Phosphopeptide- Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate and Novamin on Artificially Demineralized Human Enamel: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:S58-S63. [PMID: 29962765 PMCID: PMC6006878 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_28_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to quantitatively compare the remineralization potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) and Novamin on artificially induced enamel subsurface lesions using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel specimens were prepared from seventy caries-free premolars and were kept for demineralization for 4 days. Following demineralization, enamel specimens were assigned to three groups: (1) Control group, (2) Group with CPP-ACFP-containing toothpaste, and (3) Group with Novamin-containing toothpaste. Further, both the experimental groups (CPP-ACFP group and Novamin) were then divided into three subgroups based on the duration of re-mineralization as follows: (a) 7 days, (b) 14 days, and (c) 21 days. Enamel specimens of experimental groups were then subjected to SEM-EDX to evaluate mineral content after treating with CPP-ACFP and Novamin. RESULTS Both the experimental groups showed very high significant differences between Ca/P ratios of remineralized samples. CONCLUSION Even though both CPP-ACFP and Novamin showed remineralization potential, remineralization was found to be higher in the samples treated with CPP-ACFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Manoharan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - R. Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sivanraj
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Selva Balaji Arumugam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Vieira AEDM, Danelon M, Camara DMD, Rosselli ER, Stock SR, Cannon ML, Xiao X, De Carlo F, Delbem ACB. In vitro effect of amorphous calcium phosphate paste applied for extended periods of time on enamel remineralization. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:596-603. [PMID: 29211280 PMCID: PMC5701529 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental applications based on the unique characteristics of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides (CPP-ACP) have been proposed, as well as the improvement of its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa de Mello Vieira
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Danielle Mendes da Camara
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Eliana Rodrigues Rosselli
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mark L Cannon
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL, USA
| | | | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
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Al-Batayneh OB, Jbarat RA, Al-Khateeb SN. Effect of application sequence of fluoride and CPP-ACP on remineralization of white spot lesions in primary teeth: An in-vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:236-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bataineh M, Malinowski M, Duggal MS, Tahmassebi JF. Comparison of the newer preventive therapies on remineralisation of enamel in vitro. J Dent 2017; 66:37-44. [PMID: 28859965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate in vitro the effect of MI Paste, MI Paste Plus and 2800ppm fluoride (F) toothpaste (TP) on the remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions and to compare these to the effect of 1450ppm and 0ppm F toothpastes. METHODS Enamel subsurface lesions were created in bovine enamel slabs (n=120) which were assigned randomly to five groups; (1) 0ppm F TP, (2) 1450ppm F TP, (3) 2800ppm F TP, (4) 1450ppm F TP+MI Paste (Tooth Mousse-TM,10% w/v CPP-ACP) and (5) 1450ppm F TP+MI Paste Plus (Tooth Mousse Plus,10% w/v CPP-ACP, 900ppm F as 0.2% w/w sodium fluoride). The enamel slabs were subjected to a pH cycling regimen for 21days. Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) images were taken and analysed. Data analysis was carried out using one way ANOVA. RESULTS In all groups, both ΔF (percentage fluorescence loss) and ΔQ (ΔF times the area) values improved significantly within the same group after the treatment. In addition, the mean difference in ΔF of the non-fluoride control group was significantly lower than all other groups but not for the 2800ppm F- group. Whereas the mean difference in ΔQ of the non-fluoride control of group was significantly lower when compared with all other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both MI Paste and MI Paste Plus when used in conjunction with 1450ppm F did not show a significant increase in efficacy for the remineralisation of bovine enamel subsurface lesions in the model used in this study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Newer preventive agents such as MI paste and MI paste plus are advocated as promoting remineralisation when used in addition to routine oral care. This in vitro study shows that they may have a limited value in promoting remineralisation over and above that of 1450ppm F toothpaste used twice a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bataineh
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - M Malinowski
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK
| | - M S Duggal
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J F Tahmassebi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, UK.
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Soares R, De Ataide IDN, Fernandes M, Lambor R. Assessment of Enamel Remineralisation After Treatment with Four Different Remineralising Agents: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC136-ZC141. [PMID: 28571281 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23594.9758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of research has helped to increase our knowledge of dental caries and reduce its prevalence. However, according to World Oral Health report, dental caries still remains a major dental disease. Fluoride therapy has been utilised in a big way to halt caries progression, but has been met with limitations. This has paved the way for the development of newer preventive agents that can function as an adjunct to fluoride or independent of it. AIM The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride (CPP ACPF), Bioactive Glass (BAG), fluoride enhanced Hydroxyapatite (HA) gel and self-assembling peptide P11-4 to remineralise artificial carious lesions in enamel in vitro using a 30 day pH cycling model through surface microhardness analysis and SEM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty enamel samples were divided into five groups of 12 samples each. The control Group A consisted of intact enamel samples, Group B: CPP-ACPF (Tooth Mousse Plus), Group C: BAG (SHY- NM), Group D: fluoride enhanced HA gel (ReminPro) and Group E: Self-assembling peptide P11-4 (Curodont Protect). All groups excluding the control group were subjected to demineralisation following which four of these groups were remineralised using the four remineralising agents. The treated groups were subjected to pH cycling over a period of 30 days. This was followed by assessment of surface microhardness and SEM for qualitative evaluation of surface changes. The results were analysed by One-Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). Multiple comparisons between groups were performed by paired t-test and post-hoc Tukey test. RESULTS The results of the study revealed that remineralisation of enamel was the highest in samples of Group E (Self assembling peptide P11-4) followed by Group B (CPP-ACPF), Group C (BAG) and Group D (fluoride enhanced HA gel). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the remineralising ability between the self assembling peptide P11-4 group and BAG and fluoride enhanced HA gel group. Although no significant difference was observed between the self assembling peptide P11-4 and CPP-ACPF group, the self assembling peptide P11-4 remineralised the enamel lesions more effectively. SEM photomicrographs of the test groups demonstrated either amorphous crystals or particles scattered on the surface or lines of remineralisation along the prismatic borders. CONCLUSION Self assembling peptide P11-4 demonstrated promising results by effectively and significantly remineralising the enamel lesions as compared to other test agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renita Soares
- Senior Resident, Deprtment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India
| | - Ida De Noronha De Ataide
- Professor and Head of Deprtment, Deprtment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India
| | - Marina Fernandes
- Assistant Professor, Deprtment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India
| | - Rajan Lambor
- Assistant Professor, Deprtment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India
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Khoroushi M, Kachuie M. Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:11-19. [PMID: 28566845 PMCID: PMC5426141 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_216_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decalcification of enamel, appearing as white spot lesions (WSLs), around fixed orthodontic appliances is a major challenge during and after fixed orthodontic treatment by considering the fact that the goal of orthodontic treatment is to enhance facial and dental esthetic appearance. Banded or bonded teeth exhibit a significantly higher rate of WSLs compared to the controls with no braces as fixed appliances and the bonding materials promote retention of biofilms. These lesions are managed in the first step by establishing good oral hygiene habits and prophylaxis with topical fluorides, including high-fluoride toothpastes, fluoride mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, fluoride-containing bonding materials, and elastic ligatures. Recently, other materials and methods have been recommended, including the application of casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate, antiseptics, probiotics, polyols, sealants, laser, tooth bleaching agents, resin infiltration, and microabrasion. This article reviews the currently used methods to manage enamel demineralization during and after orthodontic treatment and the risk factors and preventive measures based on the latest evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoroushi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzie Kachuie
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tuloglu N, Bayrak S, Tunc ES, Ozer F. Effect of fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on the acid resistance of the primary enamel. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:103. [PMID: 27670292 PMCID: PMC5036284 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fluoride varnish with added Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) treatments on acid resistance of primary teeth enamel. Methods Enamel specimens obtained from 40 primary incisors (for surface microhardness testing) and 40 primary molars (for demineralization depth measurement) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 incisors and 10 molars) each according to surface treatment: no treatment (control), MI varnish (1–8 % sodium fluoride and 1–5 % CPP-ACP), Clinpro White (1–5 % sodium fluoride and <5 % modified tricalcium phosphate), Duraphat (<5 % sodium fluoride). Specimens were stored for 24 h in a moist environment. After varnish residues were removed, specimens were subjected to pH cycling. The effects of fluoride varnishes were evaluated according to surface microhardness, lesion depth and structural changes. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Results The lowest changes in surface microhardness and lesion depth occurred in MI varnish group, followed by the Clinpro White, Duraphat and no treatment (control) group (for percentage of loss surface microhardness −20.80, −34.60, −57.80 and −73.40; for lesion depth values 23.60 μm ± 3.36, 29.85 μm ± 3.27, 40.37 μm ± 3.41 and 54.56 μm ± 4.16, respectively). Statistically significant differences in both surface microhardness and lesion depth were observed among all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of this in vitro study, fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP was more effective in increasing the acid resistance of primary enamel than other fluoride varnishes. However, further clinical research is needed to confirm these in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Tuloglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Sule Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Sen Tunc
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fusun Ozer
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Shen P, Bagheri R, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Stanton DP, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:357-65. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Shen
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - R Bagheri
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research Center; Shiraz Dental School; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - GD Walker
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Y Yuan
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - DP Stanton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - EC Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre; Melbourne Dental School; Bio21 Institute; The University of Melbourne; Carlton Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Singh S, Singh SP, Goyal A, Utreja AK, Jena AK. Effects of various remineralizing agents on the outcome of post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs): a clinical trial. Prog Orthod 2016; 17:25. [PMID: 27480987 PMCID: PMC4969265 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most undesirable side effects of comprehensive orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Despite many attempts at prevention of WSLs, its prevalence remains very high on debonding. There are many agents like fluoride toothpastes, fluoride varnishes, and fluoride mouth rinses, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is frequently used for the remineralization of WSLs. However, there is no consensus in the literature with respect to the success rates of these agents. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of fluoride toothpaste alone and in combination with fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP plus crème in the remineralization of post-orthodontic WSLs. Methods Forty-five subjects in the age range of 16–25 years having at least one post-orthodontic WSL were included in the study. All the subjects were randomly divided into three groups (toothpaste group, varnish group, and CPP-ACP group). The efficacy of various remineralizing agents on the remineralization of WSLs was evaluated clinically and by DIAGNOdent immediately after debonding and subsequently after 1, 3, and 6 months of their use. Results Twice daily use of fluoride toothpaste alone had no significant effect on remineralization of WSLs at various intervals of observations (P = 0.078). Application of fluoride varnish along with twice daily use of fluoride toothpaste for 6 months significantly decreased the severity of WSLs (P < 0.01). Twice daily use of CPP-ACP plus crème along with fluoride toothpaste had significant effect on remineralization of WSLs at the end of 6 months of observation (P < 0.05). Between the group comparison showed that the mean visual and DIAGNOdent scores at various time intervals of observations were decreased more when fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP crème were used in addition to daily use of fluoride toothpaste, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions The use of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP plus crème in addition to twice daily use of fluoride toothpaste had no additional benefit in the remineralization of post-orthodontic WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombir Singh
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashima Goyal
- Unit of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Utreja
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jena
- Department of Dental Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Sijua, Dumduma, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Cross KJ, Huq NL, Reynolds EC. Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Nanocomplexes: A Structural Model. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4316-25. [PMID: 27434168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tryptic digestion of the calcium-sensitive caseins yields casein phosphopeptides (CPP) that contain clusters of phosphorylated seryl residues. The CPP stabilize calcium and phosphate ions through the formation of complexes. The calcium phosphate in these complexes is biologically available for intestinal absorption and remineralization of subsurface lesions in tooth enamel. We have studied the structure of the complexes formed by the CPP with calcium phosphate using a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Translational diffusion measurements indicated that the β-CN(1-25)-ACP nanocomplex has a hydrodynamic radius of 1.526 ± 0.044 nm at pH 6.0, which increases to 1.923 ± 0.082 nm at pH 9.0. (1)H NMR spectra were well resolved, and (3)JH(N)-H(α) measurements ranged from a low of 5.5 Hz to a high of 8.1 Hz. Total correlation spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy spectra were acquired and sequentially assigned. Experiments described in this paper have allowed the development of a structural model of the β-CN(1-25)-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Cross
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne , 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - N Laila Huq
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne , 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne , 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Gopalakrishnan V, Anthonappa RP, King NM, Itthagarun A. Remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP applied for 1 min in vitro. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:231-7. [PMID: 27154741 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate (1) the remineralizing potential of Tooth Mousse(®) (TM) on artificial carious lesions, when applied for 1 min, and (2) the benefit of a fluoridated dentifrice prior to TM application. METHODS Demineralisation caries-like lesions 120-200 μm deep were produced by placing molars in demineralizing solution for 96 h, sections 100-150 μm thick were then randomly assigned to four groups. Specimens were treated thrice daily with a non-fluoridated (Group A), or fluoridated dentifrice (1000 ppm) (Group B), or TM (Group C), or a fluoridated dentifrice followed by TM (Group D) then subjected to a 10-day pH cycling model. Lesion evaluation involved polarizing light microscopy and microradiography. RESULTS Application of TM in isolation (Group C) for 1 min resulted in significant increase in lesion depth (LD), however, an increase in mineral content deposition (V max) was not significant. Post treatment LD increases were greatest in Group A, then Group C and Group B respectively. A decrease in LD (by 19.9 %) was noted only after fluoridated dentifrice and TM (Group D) were applied consecutively for 1 min each (p < 0.05). Mineral content deposition was also greatest in this group (Group D) and both V max and LD changes were statistically significant when compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS TM alone failed to remineralize carious lesions when applied for 1 min. However, remineralization occurred after a prior application of a fluoridated dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopalakrishnan
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - R P Anthonappa
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - N M King
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Itthagarun
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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George L, Baby A, Dhanapal TP, Charlie KM, Joseph A, Varghese AA. Evaluation and comparison of the microhardness of enamel after bleaching with fluoride free and fluoride containing carbamide peroxide bleaching agents and post bleaching anticay application: An in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:S163-6. [PMID: 26604568 PMCID: PMC4632217 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.166835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the microhardness of enamel after the application of anticay on bleached enamel with fluoride containing and fluoride free bleaching agent. Materials and Methods: Twenty freshly extracted teeth decoronated and divided mesiodistally into two halves were randomly divided into five groups with 10 samples in each group. The enamel surface was treated as follows: Group 1 - no treatment, Group 2 - fluoride free bleaching agent, Group 3 - fluoride containing bleaching agent, and Group 4 - fluoride free bleaching agent followed by anticay application. The samples were subjected to indentation to test the microhardness using Vicker's hardness analyzer. Conclusion: Enamel microhardness significantly increased in samples where anticay was used after the application of bleaching agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza George
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvatupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Allu Baby
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvatupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - T Prasanth Dhanapal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvatupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - K M Charlie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvatupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Asha Joseph
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvatupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Anjum Anna Varghese
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvatupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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Raphael S, Blinkhorn A. Is there a place for Tooth Mousse in the prevention and treatment of early dental caries? A systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:113. [PMID: 26408042 PMCID: PMC4583988 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is important for Dental Professionals to consider the evidence for the effectiveness of the preventive strategies used to maintain good oral health and reduce the risk of caries in their patients. Whilst many of the traditional preventive activities, including the recommendation and use of fluoride products and the placement of fissure sealants have a wealth of clinical evidence to support their use, some of the newer preventive agents have a more limited evidence base. In order to investigate the level of scientific support behind one such technology, a systematic literature review was carried out to assess the effectiveness of Tooth Mousse® (MI Paste®) and Tooth Mousse Plus® (MI Paste Plus®) in the prevention and treatment of early dental caries. Methods A broad search strategy using Medline via OvidSP and EMBASE was performed in order to capture all published studies to related Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. In addition to the above searches the terms “CPP ACP” and “casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate” were searched using PREMEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials of participants of any age, comparing the use of Tooth Mousse® (MI Paste®) or Tooth Mousse Plus® (MI Paste Plus®) to a routine oral care regimen and reporting recognised clinical outcome measures for early caries lesions. Only research studies in English were selected. Results 7576 articles were identified, but the majority were duplicates. Once these were removed 172 articles were inspected and the focus on ‘CPP-ACP formulations of Tooth Mousse® (MI Paste®) and Tooth Mousse Plus® (MI Paste Plus®) resulted in 29 articles being selected, and of these 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered acceptable for the systematic review. Discussion The overall findings of this review did not show any significant benefits of using Tooth Mousse® (MI Paste®) products over brushing with a fluoride toothpaste for the prevention of early dental caries. With regard to the regression of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients there is a tendency towards a benefit for the use of Tooth Mousse® (MI Paste®) but the quality of evidence is limited. There is a lack of evidence to support the use of Tooth Mousse Plus® (MI Paste Plus®) over Tooth Mousse® (MI Paste®) at this time. Conclusion This review suggests that further well-designed randomized controlled trials are required prior to the widespread recommendation of Tooth Mousse® products for the prevention and treatment of early dental caries in the general population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0095-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raphael
- Department of Population Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, 1 Mons Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Colgate Palmolive Pty. Ltd, 345 George Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Anthony Blinkhorn
- Department of Population Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, 1 Mons Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Asl-Aminabadi N, Najafpour E, Samiei M, Erfanparast L, Anoush S, Jamali Z, Pournaghi-Azar F, Ghertasi-Oskouei S. Laser-Casein phosphopeptide effect on remineralization of early enamel lesions in primary teeth. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e261-7. [PMID: 26155343 PMCID: PMC4483334 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation following casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application on calcium and phosphate concentration and surface microhardness (SMH) of enamel surface in artificial white spot lesions of primary teeth. Material and Methods Eighty teeth with artificial white spot lesions were randomly divided into four groups: (A) distilled and deionized water, (B) Nd:YAG laser, (C) CPP-ACP crème, & (D) CPP-ACP plus laser. SMH was measured using Vickers diamond indenter in Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). Two samples of each group were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analyzed with the SPSS 17/win. Results The subjects of group D demonstrated a significant increase in the calcium and phosphate contents of enamel surface compared to those of groups A (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), B (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and C (P = 0.024, P = 0.04), respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen for mean VHN between groups A and B (P = 0.002). SEM evaluations confirmed the results. Conclusions The combination of Nd:YAG laser and CPP-ACP crème could be recommended as an effective preventive modality for remineralizing of white spot lesions in primary teeth. Key words:CPP-ACP, enamel remineralization, microhardness, Nd:YAG, primary teeth, SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Asl-Aminabadi
- Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Najafpour
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Leila Erfanparast
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Anoush
- Post graduate Student, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pournaghi-Azar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Sina Ghertasi-Oskouei
- Research Assistant, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
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Dilber E, Akın M, Yavuz T, Erdem A. Effects of Different Demineralization-Inhibiting Methods on the Shear Bond Strength of Glass-Ceramics. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:407-13. [PMID: 25274130 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Dilber
- Department of Prosthodontics; Sifa University; Faculty of Dentistry; Izmir Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akın
- Department of Orthodontics; Selcuk University; Faculty of Dentistry; Konya Turkey
| | - Tevfik Yavuz
- Department of Prosthodontics; Abant Izzet Baysal University; Faculty of Dentistry; Bolu Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem
- Department of Prosthodontics; Sifa University; Faculty of Dentistry; Izmir Turkey
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Delben ACB, Cannon M, Vieira AEM, Basso MD, Danelon M, Santo MRE, Stock SR, Xiao X, De Carlo F. Analysis of anticaries potential of pit and fissures sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate using synchrotron microtomography. Oper Dent 2014; 40:218-23. [PMID: 25268042 DOI: 10.2341/13-325-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the anticaries potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) by synchrotron microtomography. Bovine enamel blocks (4×4 mm; n=50) were selected through surface hardness (Knoop) analysis. Slabs were obtained through cross-sections taken 1 mm from the border of the enamel. Five indentations, spaced 100 μm apart, were made 300 μm from the border. Ten specimens were prepared for each tested material (Ultraseal XT plus TM, Aegis, Embrace, Vitremer and Experimental Sealant). The materials were randomly attached to the sectioned surfaces of the enamel blocks and fixed with sticky wax. The specimens were submitted to pH cycling. After that, the surface hardness (SH1) was determined, and the blocks were submitted to synchrotron microcomputed tomography analysis to calculate the mineral concentration (ΔgHAp cm(-3)) at different areas of the enamel. The comparison between the SH1 and ΔgHAp cm(-3) showed a correlation for all groups (r=0.840; p<0.001). The fluoride groups presented positive values of ΔgHAp cm(-3), indicating a mineral gain that was observed mainly in the outer part of the enamel. The ACP showed mineral loss in the outer enamel compared with fluoride groups, although it inhibited the demineralization in the deeper areas of enamel. The combination of two remineralizing agents (fluoride and ACP) was highly effective in preventing demineralization.
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Cross KJ, Huq NL, Stanton DP, He H, Reynolds EC. Structural characterization of the β-casein(1-25)-ACFP complex. Aust Dent J 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb06119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hongal S, Torwane NA, Goel P, Chandrashekar B. The effect of 30% ethanolic extract of Indian propolis on replica of human dentin compared against commercially available desensitizing agent: A methodological SEM study in vitro. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:113-9. [PMID: 24761114 PMCID: PMC3996746 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.129026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the ability of 30% ethanolic extract of Indian propolis on dentinal tubule occlusion comparatively against CPP-ACP containing desensitizing agent GC tooth mousse. Methodology: The specimens were prepared from 30 freshly extracted sound human third molars stored in 10% formalin (pH 7.0) at a room temperature. From each specimen, a sectioned sample (5 mm length × 5 mm width × 3.5 mm depth) was obtained including the cervical area. Samples were smoothened and wet-polished with 1000- and 1200-grit aluminum oxide abrasive paper and diamond pastes, in order to stimulate the clinical aspect of hypersensitive dentin cervical surfaces. All the specimens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10), according to dentin surface treatments. Negative control: Untreated specimens (n = 4) and pretreated with 6% citric acid (n = 6); Test Group: 30% ethanolic extract of Indian propolis (n = 10); Positive Group: GC Tooth Mousse (n =10). All the specimens were prepared for SEM analysis. Results: GC tooth mousse promoted tubule occlusion by crystal-like deposits in the lumen of the tubules. While propolis created a thin, smooth layer over dentin surface. Conclusion: According to the SEM analysis, both desensitizing agent were able to occlude the dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Hongal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nilesh Arjun Torwane
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Goel
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Byarakele Chandrashekar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bakry AS, Takahashi H, Otsuki M, Tagami J. Evaluation of new treatment for incipient enamel demineralization using 45S5 bioglass. Dent Mater 2014; 30:314-20. [PMID: 24433821 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioglass 45S5 is a silica-based bioactive glass capable of depositing a layer of hydroxyl carbonate apatite on the surface of the glass when immersed in body fluids. The present paper studies a new technique for treating early human dental enamel caries lesions by using a paste composed of 45S5 bioglass and phosphoric acid. Artificial caries lesions were induced in enamel flat surfaces by means of a decalcification solution. All specimens were exposed to a brushing-abrasion challenge to test the durability of any newly formed layer resulting from the application of 45S5 bioglass paste. The specimens treated with bioglass paste showed complete coverage with a layer of brushite crystals. The brushing-abrasion challenge did not statistically affect the percentage of enamel coverage with the crystalline layer formed by the application of bioglass (p<0.05). These crystals were converted to hydroxyapatite crystals when stored in artificial saliva for 14 days. The current technique suggests the possibility of restoring incipient enamel erosive lesion with an abrasion durable layer of hydroxyapatite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Bakry
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - H Takahashi
- Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Department of Oral Materials Sciences and Technology, Course of Oral Health Engineering, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - M Otsuki
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - J Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Global Center of Excellence Program, ICTB at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Azami M, Ai J, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Farokhi M, Fard SE. In vitro evaluation of biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold using endometrial stem cell derived osteoblast-like cells. Tissue Cell 2013; 45:328-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cochrane NJ, Reynolds EC. Calcium phosphopeptides -- mechanisms of action and evidence for clinical efficacy. Adv Dent Res 2013; 24:41-7. [PMID: 22899678 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512454294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoproteins/phosphopeptides with clusters of acidic residues are found throughout nature, where they aid in the prevention of unwanted precipitation of solid calcium phosphates. The acidic residues, particularly phosphoserine, interact with calcium and stabilize clusters of calcium and phosphate. Saliva and milk are two examples of biological fluids that contain such phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide-stabilized calcium phosphates, and both share a similar evolutionary pathway. Saliva has been shown to have remineralization potential and is of critical importance in maintaining the mineral content of teeth in the oral environment. Milk can be enzymatically modified to release casein phosphopeptides that contain the clusters of residues that allow milk to stabilize high concentrations of calcium and phosphate. These casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) can stabilize even higher concentrations of calcium and phosphate than milk and can be considered a salivary biomimetic, since they share many similarities to statherin. The mechanisms of action and the growing body of scientific evidence that supports the use of CPP-ACP to augment fluoride in inhibiting demineralization and enhancing the remineralization of white-spot lesions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Cochrane
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio 21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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