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Chadid T, Morris A, Surowiec A, Robinson S, Sasaki M, Galipeau J, Pollack BP, Brewster LP. Reversible secretome and signaling defects in diabetic mesenchymal stem cells from peripheral arterial disease patients. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:137S-151S.e2. [PMID: 30104096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regenerative medicine seeks to stall or to reverse the pathologic consequences of chronic diseases. Many people with diabetes have peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which increases their already high risk of major amputation. Cellular therapies are a promising regenerative medicine approach to PAD that can be used to focally inject regenerative cells to endangered tissue beds. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to promote tissue regeneration through stromal support and paracrine stimulation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Whereas little is known about human diabetic MSCs (dMSCs), particularly those from patients with PAD, dMSCs have a limited expansion capacity but can be improved with human platelet lysate (PL) supplementation. PL is rich in many growth factors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is known to be important to cell proliferation and survival signaling pathways. We hypothesize that dMSCs have a reversible defect in EGF receptor pathways. The objective of this work was to test this hypothesis using dMSCs from PAD patients. METHODS The secretome expression of EGF and prominent angiogens was characterized from bone marrow (BM)-derived and adipose tissue-derived (ATD) dMSCs from five patients (six limbs) undergoing major amputation. Western blot was used to characterize the AKT and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 expression in dMSCs under standard culture (5% fetal bovine serum plus fibroblast growth factor 2 [FGF2]), 5% human PL, or 5% fetal bovine serum plus EGF. Healthy donor MSCs were control cells. The angiogenic activity of BM- and ATD-dMSCs was tested on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs). Paired t-test, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used as appropriate. RESULTS Both BM- and ATD-dMSCs had typical MSC surface marker expression and similar expansion profiles, and they did not express EGF in their secretome. PL supplementation of dMSCs improved AKT signaling, but they were resistant to FGF2 activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2. EGF supplementation led to similar AKT expression as with PL, but PL had greater phosphorylation of AKT at 30 and 60 minutes. The conditioned media from both BM- and ATD-dMSCs had robust levels of prominent angiogens (vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, hepatocyte growth factor), which stimulated EC proliferation and migration, and the co-culture of dMSCs with ECs led to significantly longer EC sprouts in three-dimensional gel than EC-alone pellets. CONCLUSIONS PL and EGF supplementation improves AKT expression in dMSCs over that of FGF2, but PL improved pAKT over that of EGF. Thus, PL supplementation strategies may improve AKT signaling, which could be important to MSC survival in cellular therapies. Furthermore, BM- and ATD-dMSCs have similar secretomes and robust in vitro angiogenic activity, which supports pursuing dMSCs from both reservoirs in regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Chadid
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Andrew Morris
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Alexandra Surowiec
- School of Arts and Sciences, Departments of Biological Sciences and Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Scott Robinson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Maiko Sasaki
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Don and Marilyn Anderson Professor in Oncology and Director, Program for Advanced Cell Therapy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Department of Dermatology and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Luke P Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga; Surgery and Research Services, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Ga.
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Addi C, Murschel F, De Crescenzo G. Design and Use of Chimeric Proteins Containing a Collagen-Binding Domain for Wound Healing and Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:163-182. [PMID: 27824290 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-based biomaterials are widely used in the field of tissue engineering; they can be loaded with biomolecules such as growth factors (GFs) to modulate the biological response of the host and thus improve its potential for regeneration. Recombinant chimeric GFs fused to a collagen-binding domain (CBD) have been reported to improve their bioavailability and the host response, especially when combined with an appropriate collagen-based biomaterial. This review first provides an extensive description of the various CBDs that have been fused to proteins, with a focus on the need for accurate characterization of their interaction with collagen. The second part of the review highlights the benefits of various CBD/GF fusion proteins that have been designed for wound healing and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Addi
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Group, Bio-P2 Research Unit , Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frederic Murschel
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Group, Bio-P2 Research Unit , Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Group, Bio-P2 Research Unit , Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Brewster L, Robinson S, Wang R, Griffiths S, Li H, Peister A, Copland I, McDevitt T. Expansion and angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2016; 65:826-838.e1. [PMID: 26921003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a life- and limb-threatening condition affecting 1% to 10% of the population with peripheral arterial disease. Traditional revascularization options are not possible for up to 50% of CLI patients, in which case, the use of cellular therapies, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hold great promise as an alternative revascularization therapy. However, no randomized, controlled phase 3 trials to date have demonstrated an improvement in limb salvage with cellular therapies. This may be due to poor cell quality (ie, inability to generate a sufficient number of angiogenic MSCs) or to the inadequate retention and viability of MSCs after delivery, or both. Because concerns remain about the expansion and angiogenic potential of autologous MSCs in the CLI population, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of our novel culture media supplement, pooled human platelet lysate (PL), in lieu of the standard fetal bovine serum (FBS), to improve the expansion potential of MSCs from CLI patients. We also characterized the in vitro angiogenic activity of MSCs from the tibia of amputated CLI limbs compared with MSCs from healthy donors. METHODS MSCs were obtained from the tibia of four CLI patients (ISC) and four ISC patients with diabetes mellitus (ISC+DM) undergoing major amputation. Healthy MSCs were aspirated from the iliac crest of four young and healthy donors. MSCs were isolated and expanded in culture with PL or FBS. MSCs from passage 3 to 6 were used for phenotypic marker expression and for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and were tested for their in vitro angiogenic activity on human microdermal endothelial cells. In parallel MSCs were cultured to passage 11 for population-doubling calculations. RESULTS MSCs from ISC and ISC+DM patients and from healthy patients exhibited appropriate expression of cell surface markers and differentiation capacity. Population doublings were significantly greater for PL-stimulated compared with FBS-stimulated MSCs in all groups. Biologically active amounts of angiogens were identified in the secretome of all MSCs without consistent trends among groups. PL expansion did not adversely affect the angiogenic activity of MSCs compared with FBS. The ISC and ISC+DM MSCs demonstrated angiogenic effects on endothelial cells similar to those of healthy and ISC MSCs. CONCLUSIONS PL promotes the rapid expansion of MSCs from CLI and healthy persons. Importantly, MSCs expanded from CLI patients demonstrate the desired angiogenic activity compared with their healthy counterparts. We conclude that autologous MSCs from CLI patients can be sufficiently expanded with PL and be expected to deliver requisite angiogenic effects in vivo. We expect the improved expansion of ISC and ISC+DM with PL to be helpful in improving the successful delivery of autologous MSCs to patients with CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga; Surgical and Research Services, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Ga; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.
| | - Scott Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Ruoya Wang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Sarah Griffiths
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | - Ian Copland
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Todd McDevitt
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga
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Changes in Functional Activity of JEG-3 Trophoblast Cell Line in the Presence of Factors Secreted by Placenta. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:245-56. [PMID: 26003221 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cells in the maternal-fetal interface secrete cytokines that regulate proliferation, migration, and trophoblast invasion during the first trimester of pregnancy and the limitation of these processes during the third trimester. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of factors secreted by human placenta during the first and third trimester of pregnancy on cytokine receptor expression and proliferative and migratory activity of JEG-3 trophoblast cells. METHODS The research was conducted using the explant conditioned media of placentas obtained from healthy women with elective termination of pregnancy at 9-11 weeks and placentas of women whose pregnancy progressed without complications at 38-39 weeks. Assessment of surface molecule expression was performed using FACS Canto II flow cytometer (BD, USA). The proliferative activity of JEG-3 trophoblast cells was evaluated by dyeing with crystal violet vital dye. The migration activity of JEG-3 was evaluated using 24-well insert plates with polycarbonate inserts (pore size 8 microns). RESULTS Expression of CD116, CD118, CD119, IFNγ-R2, CD120b, CD183, CD192, CD295, EGFR, and TGFβ-R2 on JEG-3 was higher when the cells were incubated in the presence of the third trimester placental factors in comparison with the first trimester placental factors. Factors secreted by the placenta during the third trimester of pregnancy had more pronounced stimulatory effect on the proliferation and migration of trophoblast in comparison with baseline levels and with the effect of the first trimester placental factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the behavior of trophoblasts in vitro might not be representative of in vivo behavior in the absence of additional local factors that influence the trophoblast in vivo.
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Ren X, Feng Y, Guo J, Wang H, Li Q, Yang J, Hao X, Lv J, Ma N, Li W. Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5680-742. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent developments of surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials in vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Free University of Berlin
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery
- University of Rostock
- D-18057 Rostock
- Germany
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Tada S, Kitajima T, Ito Y. Design and synthesis of binding growth factors. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6053-6072. [PMID: 22754349 PMCID: PMC3382770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors play important roles in tissue regeneration. However, because of their instability and diffusible nature, improvements in their performance would be desirable for therapeutic applications. Conferring binding affinities would be one way to improve their applicability. Here we review techniques for conjugating growth factors to polypeptides with particular affinities. Conjugation has been designed at the level of gene fusion and of polypeptide ligation. We summarize and discuss the designs and applications of binding growth factors prepared by such conjugation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Tada
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitajima
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Gomes S, Leonor IB, Mano JF, Reis RL, Kaplan DL. Natural and Genetically Engineered Proteins for Tissue Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2012; 37:1-17. [PMID: 22058578 PMCID: PMC3207498 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of traditionally used autografts, allografts and, to a lesser extent, synthetic materials, there is the need to develop a new generation of scaffolds with adequate mechanical and structural support, control of cell attachment, migration, proliferation and differentiation and with bio-resorbable features. This suite of properties would allow the body to heal itself at the same rate as implant degradation. Genetic engineering offers a route to this level of control of biomaterial systems. The possibility of expressing biological components in nature and to modify or bioengineer them further, offers a path towards multifunctional biomaterial systems. This includes opportunities to generate new protein sequences, new self-assembling peptides or fusions of different bioactive domains or protein motifs. New protein sequences with tunable properties can be generated that can be used as new biomaterials. In this review we address some of the most frequently used proteins for tissue engineering and biomedical applications and describe the techniques most commonly used to functionalize protein-based biomaterials by combining them with bioactive molecules to enhance biological performance. We also highlight the use of genetic engineering, for protein heterologous expression and the synthesis of new protein-based biopolymers, focusing the advantages of these functionalized biopolymers when compared with their counterparts extracted directly from nature and modified by techniques such as physical adsorption or chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Gomes
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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Pang Y, Greisler HP. Using a type 1 collagen-based system to understand cell-scaffold interactions and to deliver chimeric collagen-binding growth factors for vascular tissue engineering. J Investig Med 2011; 58:845-8. [PMID: 20683346 DOI: 10.231/jim.0b013e3181ee81f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering should provide more biocompatible and functional conduits than synthetic vascular grafts. Understanding cell-scaffold interactions and developing an efficient delivery system for growth factors and other biomolecules to control the signaling between the cells and the scaffold are fundamental issues in a wide range of tissue engineering research fields. Type 1 collagen is a natural scaffold extensively used in vascular tissue engineering and is a widely used vehicle in biomolecule delivery. In this article, we will discuss type 1 collagen as a vascular tissue engineering scaffold, describe strategies for elucidating the interaction between cells and type 1 collagen scaffolds using various imaging techniques, and summarize our work on the development of a chimeric collagen-binding growth factor-based local delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Pang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Pang Y, Greisler HP. Using a type 1 collagen-based system to understand cell-scaffold interactions and to deliver chimeric collagen-binding growth factors for vascular tissue engineering. J Investig Med 2011. [PMID: 20683346 DOI: 10.231/jim.0b013e318ee81f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering should provide more biocompatible and functional conduits than synthetic vascular grafts. Understanding cell-scaffold interactions and developing an efficient delivery system for growth factors and other biomolecules to control the signaling between the cells and the scaffold are fundamental issues in a wide range of tissue engineering research fields. Type 1 collagen is a natural scaffold extensively used in vascular tissue engineering and is a widely used vehicle in biomolecule delivery. In this article, we will discuss type 1 collagen as a vascular tissue engineering scaffold, describe strategies for elucidating the interaction between cells and type 1 collagen scaffolds using various imaging techniques, and summarize our work on the development of a chimeric collagen-binding growth factor-based local delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Pang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Ucuzian AA, Brewster LP, East AT, Pang Y, Gassman AA, Greisler HP. Characterization of the chemotactic and mitogenic response of SMCs to PDGF-BB and FGF-2 in fibrin hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:988-96. [PMID: 20730936 PMCID: PMC2928161 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of growth factors to cellularize biocompatible scaffolds like fibrin is a commonly used strategy in tissue engineering. We characterized smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation and chemotaxis in response to PDGF-BB and FGF-2, alone and in combination, in 2D culture and in 3D fibrin hydrogels. While both growth factors induced an equipotent mitogenic response in 2D culture, only FGF-2 was significantly mitogenic for SMCs in 3D culture. Only PDGF-BB was significantly chemotactic in a modified Boyden chamber assay. In a 3D assay of matrix invasion, both growth factors induced an invasive response into the fibrin hydrogel in both proliferating and nonproliferating, mitomycin C (MMC) treated cells. The invasive response was less attenuated by the inhibition of proliferation in PDGF-BB stimulated cells compared with FGF-2 stimulated cells. We conclude that SMCs cultured in fibrin hydrogels have a more robust chemotactic response to PDGF-BB compared with FGF-2, and that the response to FGF-2 is more dependent on cell proliferation. Delivery of both growth factors together potentiates the chemotactic, but not mitogenic response to either growth factor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areck A. Ucuzian
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Luke P. Brewster
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Andrea T. East
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yongang Pang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Andrew A. Gassman
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Howard P. Greisler
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
- Research and Surgical Services, Edward J. Hines Jr. V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels from the preexisting vasculature, is a key component in numerous physiologic and pathologic responses and has broad impact in many medical and surgical specialties. In this review, we discuss the key cellular steps that lead to the neovascularization of tissues and highlight the main molecular mechanisms and mediators in this process. We include discussions on proteolytic enzymes, cell-matrix interactions, and pertinent cell signaling pathways and end with a survey of the mechanisms that lead to the stabilization and maturation of neovasculatures.
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Pang Y, Wang X, Ucuzian AA, Brey EM, Burgess WH, Jones KJ, Alexander TD, Greisler HP. Local delivery of a collagen-binding FGF-1 chimera to smooth muscle cells in collagen scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2009; 31:878-85. [PMID: 19853908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the delivery of R136K-CBD (a collagen-binding mutant chimera of fibroblast growth factor-1) with a type I collagen scaffold as the delivery vehicle to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for vascular tissue engineering. The binding affinity of R136K-CBD to 3-D collagen scaffolds was investigated both in the presence and absence of cells and/or salts. 2-D and 3-D visualization of delivery of R136K-CBD into SMCs were accomplished by combined fluorescent and reflection confocal microscopy. The mitogenic effect of collagen-immobilized R136K-CBD on SMCs in 3-D collagen was studied by Cyquant assay at different time intervals. In the group devoid of salt and cells, no detectable release of R136K-CBD into overlying culture media was found, compared with burst-and-continuous release of R136K and FGF-1 over a 14-day period in all other groups. The release rate of R136K-CBD was 1.7 and 1.6-fold less than R-136K and FGF-1 when media was supplemented with 2m salt (P<0.0001), and 2.6 and 2.5-fold less in cell-populated collagen hydrogels (P<0.0001), respectively. R136K-CBD showed essentially uniform binding to collagen and its distribution was dependent on that of the collagen scaffold. Internalization of R136K-CBD into SMCs was documented by confocal microscopy. 3-D local delivery of collagen-immobilized R136K-CBD increased the proliferation of SMCs in the collagen matrix to significantly greater levels and for a significantly greater duration than R136K or FGF-1, with 2.0 and 2.1-fold more mitogenicity than R136K and FGF-1 respectively (P<0.0001) at day 7. The results suggest that our collagen-binding fusion protein is an effective strategy for growth factor delivery for vascular tissue engineering.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biocompatible Materials/chemistry
- Biomimetic Materials/chemistry
- Blood Vessels/growth & development
- Cell Culture Techniques/methods
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/chemistry
- Crystallization/methods
- Dogs
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/administration & dosage
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/chemistry
- Materials Testing
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Particle Size
- Surface Properties
- Tissue Engineering/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Pang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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