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Nandi SK, Roy M, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. In vivo biocompatibility of SrO and MgO doped brushite cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:599-609. [PMID: 36254886 PMCID: PMC9852027 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The addition of dopants in biomaterials has emerged as a critical regulator of bone formation and regeneration due to their imminent role in the biological process. The present work evaluated the role of strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) dopants in brushite cement (BrC) on in vivo bone healing performance in a rabbit model. Pure, 1 wt% SrO (Sr-BrC), 1 wt% MgO (Mg-BrC), and a binary composition of 1.0 wt% SrO + 1.0 wt% MgO (Sr + Mg-BrC) BrCs were implanted into critical-sized tibial defects in rabbits for up to 4 months. The in vivo bone healing of three doped and pure BrC samples was examined and compared using sequential radiological examination, histological evaluations, and fluorochrome labeling studies. The results indicated excellent osseous tissue formation for Sr-BrC and Sr + Mg-BrC and moderate bone regeneration for Mg-BrC compared to pure BrC. Our findings indicated that adding small amounts of SrO, MgO, and binary dopants to the BrC can significantly influence new bone formation for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit K. Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and RadiologyWest Bengal University of Animal and Fishery SciencesKolkataIndia
| | - Mangal Roy
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
- Present address:
Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIIT‐KharagpurKharagpurIndia
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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2
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Fung A, Fleps I, Cripton PA, Guy P, Ferguson SJ, Helgason B. The efficacy of femoral augmentation for hip fracture prevention using ceramic-based cements: A preliminary experimentally-driven finite element investigation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1079644. [PMID: 36777252 PMCID: PMC9909544 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1079644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Femoral fractures due to sideways falls continue to be a major cause of concern for the elderly. Existing approaches for the prevention of these injuries have limited efficacy. Prophylactic femoral augmentation systems, particularly those involving the injection of ceramic-based bone cements, are gaining more attention as a potential alternative preventative approach. We evaluated the mechanical effectiveness of three variations of a bone cement injection pattern (basic ellipsoid, hollow ellipsoid, small ellipsoid) utilizing finite element simulations of sideways fall impacts. The basic augmentation pattern was tested with both high- and low-strength ceramic-based cements. The cement patterns were added to the finite element models (FEMs) of five cadaveric femurs, which were then subject to simulated sideways falls at seven impact velocities ranging from 1.0 m/s to 4.0 m/s. Peak impact forces and peak acetabular forces were examined, and failure was evaluated using a strain-based criterion. We found that the basic HA ellipsoid provided the highest increases in both the force at the acetabulum of the impacted femur ("acetabular force", 55.0% ± 22.0%) and at the force plate ("impact force", 37.4% ± 15.8%). Changing the cement to a weaker material, brushite, resulted in reduced strengthening of the femur (45.2% ± 19.4% acetabular and 30.4% ± 13.0% impact). Using a hollow version of the ellipsoid appeared to have no effect on the fracture outcome and only a minor effect on the other metrics (54.1% ± 22.3% acetabular force increase and 35.3% ± 16.0% impact force increase). However, when the outer two layers of the ellipsoid were removed (small ellipsoid), the force increases that were achieved were only 9.8% ± 5.5% acetabular force and 8.2% ± 4.1% impact force. These results demonstrate the importance of supporting the femoral neck cortex to prevent femoral fractures in a sideways fall, and provide plausible options for prophylactic femoral augmentation. As this is a preliminary study, the surgical technique, the possible effects of trabecular bone damage during the augmentation process, and the effect on the blood supply to the femoral head must be assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fung
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Anita Fung,
| | - Ingmar Fleps
- Orthopaedic and Developmental Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter A. Cripton
- Orthopaedic and Injury Biomechanics Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pierre Guy
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Helgason
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhao H, Wang X, Jin A, Wang M, Wang Z, Huang X, Dai J, Wang X, Lin D, Shen SGF. Reducing relapse and accelerating osteogenesis in rapid maxillary expansion using an injectable mesoporous bioactive glass/fibrin glue composite hydrogel. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:507-525. [PMID: 35415307 PMCID: PMC8976096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid maxillary expansion (RME), as a common treatment for craniomaxillofacial deformity, faces the challenge of high relapse rates and unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. In this study, a standardized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat RME model was first established with a modified expander as well as retainer design and optimized anterior maxillary expanding force of 100 g which exerted the most synchronized mobility of mid-palatal suture and incisors. Via the standardized model, the high relapse rate was proven to be attributed to insufficient osteogenesis in expanded suture, requiring long-term retainer wearing in clinical situations. To reduce the relapse rate, mesoporous bioactive glass/fibrin glue (MBG/FG) composite hydrogels were developed for an in situ minimal invasive injection that enhance osteogenesis in the expanded palate. The component of 1 wt% MBG was adopted for enhanced mechanical strength, matched degradation rate and ion dissolution, excellent in vitro biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Effects of 1%MBG/FG composite hydrogel on osteogenesis in expanded mid-palatal sutures with/without retention were evaluated in the standardized model. The results demonstrated that injection of 1%MBG/FG composite hydrogel significantly promoted bone formation within the expanded mid-palatal suture, inhibited osteoclastogenesis and benefited the balance of bone remodeling towards osteogenesis. Combination of retainer and injectable biomaterial was demonstrated as a promising treatment to reduce relapse rate and enhance osteogenesis after RME. The model establishment and the composite hydrogel development in this article might provide new insight to other craniomaxillofacial deformity treatment and design of bone-repairing biomaterials with higher regenerative efficiency. A standardized rat RME model was established with optimized parameters. Sufficient osteogenesis was the prerequisite of reducing relapse ratio. Design of an injectable MBG/FG composite hydrogel for osteogenic enhancement. Combinatory treatment of injection and retention was developed for relapse reduction.
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Yang L, Chen S, Shang T, Zhao R, Yuan B, Zhu X, Raucci MG, Yang X, Zhang X, Santin M, Ambrosio L. Complexation of Injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate with Phosphoserine-Presenting Dendrons with Enhanced Osteoregenerative Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37873-37884. [PMID: 32687309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Injectable biphasic calcium phosphates have been proposed as a solution in the treatment of a range of clinical applications including as fillers in the augmentation of osteoporotic bone. To date, various biodegradable natural or synthetic organics have been used as a polymer component of bone materials to increase their cohesiveness. Herein, a novel bone material was developed combining osteoconductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticles with phosphoserine-tethered generation 3 poly(epsilon-lysine) dendron (G3-K PS), a class of hyperbranched peptides previously shown to induce biomineralization and stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Strontium was also incorporated into the BCP nanocrystals (SrBCP) to prevent bone resorption. Within 24 h, an antiwashout behavior was observed in G3-K PS-integrated pure BCP group (BCPG3). Moreover, both in vitro tests by relevant cell phenotypes and an in vivo tissue regeneration study by an osteoporotic animal bone implantation showed that the integration of G3-K PS would downregulate Cxcl9 gene and protein expressions, thus enhancing bone regeneration measured as bone mineral density, new bone volume ratio, and trabecular microarchitectural parameters. However, no synergistic effect was found when Sr was incorporated into the BCPG3 bone pastes. Notably, results indicated a concomitant reduction of bone regeneration potential assessed as reduced Runx2 and PINP expression when bone resorptive RANKL and CTX-I levels were reduced by Sr supplementation. Altogether, the results suggest the potential of injectable BCPG3 bone materials in the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tieliang Shang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)-National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Matteo Santin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)-National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80125 Naples, Italy
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Moussa H, Jiang W, Alsheghri A, Mansour A, Hadad AE, Pan H, Tang R, Song J, Vargas J, McKee MD, Tamimi F. High strength brushite bioceramics obtained by selective regulation of crystal growth with chiral biomolecules. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:351-359. [PMID: 32035283 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chirality seems to play a key role in mineralization. Indeed, in biominerals, the biomolecules that guide the formation and organization of inorganic crystals and help construct materials with exceptional mechanical properties, are homochiral. Here, we show that addition of homochiral l-(+)-tartaric acid improved the mechanical properties of brushite bioceramics by decreasing their crystal size, following the classic Hall-Petch strengthening effect; d-(-)-tartaric acid had the opposite effect. Adding l-(+)-Tar increased both the compressive strength (26 MPa) and the fracture toughness (0.3 MPa m1/2) of brushite bioceramics, by 33% and 62%, respectively, compared to brushite bioceramics without additives. In addition, l-(+)-tartaric acid enabled the fabrication of cements with high powder-to-liquid ratios, reaching a compressive strength and fracture toughness as high as 32.2 MPa and 0.6 MPa m1/2, respectively, approximately 62% and 268% higher than that of brushite bioceramics prepared without additives, respectively. Characterization of brushite crystals from the macro- to the atomic-level revealed that this regulation is attributable to a stereochemical matching between l-(+)-tartaric acid and the chiral steps of brushite crystals, which results in inhibition of brushite crystallization. These findings provide insight into understanding the role of chirality in mineralization, and how to control the crystallographic structure of bioceramics to achieve high-performance mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium-phosphate cements are promising bone repair materials. However, their suboptimal mechanical properties limit their clinical use. Natural biominerals have remarkable mechanical properties that are the result of controlled size, shape and organization of their inorganic crystals. This is achieved by biomineralization proteins that are homochiral, composed of l- amino acids. Despite the importance of chiral l-biomolecules in biominerals, using homochiral molecules to fabricate bone cements has not been studied yet. In this study, we showed that homochiral l-(+)-tartaric acid can regulate the crystal structure and improve the mechanical properties of a calcium-phosphate cement. Hence, these findings open the door for a new way of designing strong bone cement and highlight the importance of chirality in bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Moussa
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Benghazi University, Benghazi, 9504, Libya
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ammar Alsheghri
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Alaa Mansour
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Amir El Hadad
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, PR China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, PR China; Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Javier Vargas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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6
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Neutralized Dicalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite Biphasic Bioceramics Promote Bone Regeneration in Critical Peri-Implant Bone Defects. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040823. [PMID: 32054126 PMCID: PMC7079663 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bone regeneration in developed bioceramics composed of dicalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (DCP/HA). Critical bony defects were prepared in mandibles of beagles. Defects were grafted using DCP/HA or collagen-enhanced particulate biphasic calcium phosphate (TCP/HA/Col), in addition to a control group without grafting. To assess the efficacy of new bone formation, implant stability quotient (ISQ) values, serial bone labeling, and radiographic and histological percentage of marginal bone coverage (PMBC) were carefully evaluated four, eight, and 12 weeks after surgery. Statistically significant differences among the groups were observed in the histological PMBC after four weeks. The DCP/HA group consistently exhibited significantly higher ISQ values and radiographic and histological PMCB eight and 12 weeks after surgery. At 12 weeks, the histological PMBC of DCP/HA (72.25% ± 2.99%) was higher than that in the TCP/HA/Col (62.61% ± 1.52%) and control groups (30.64% ± 2.57%). After rigorously evaluating the healing of biphasic DCP/HA bioceramics with a critical size peri-implant model with serial bone labeling, we confirmed that neutralized bioceramics exhibiting optimal compression strength and biphasic properties show promising efficacy in fast bone formation and high marginal bone coverage in peri-implant bone defects.
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7
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Jayasree R, Kumar TSS, Venkateswari R, Nankar RP, Doble M. Eggshell derived brushite bone cement with minimal inflammatory response and higher osteoconductive potential. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:113. [PMID: 31583477 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brushite cements are known for excellent osteoconductive and degradation properties, however, its widespread use is limited due to rapid setting time and poor mechanical properties. The eggshell derived calcium phosphates exhibits improved physical and biological properties due to the presence of biologically relevant ions. In this study, eggshell derived brushite cement (EB) was fabricated using β-tricalcium phosphate synthesized from eggshells. The presence of trace elements in EB prolonged its setting time. The size of brushite crystals in EB was found to be smaller than the pure brushite cement (PB) leading to increased initial compressive strength and higher in vitro degradation rate. The L6 and MG63 cell lines exhibited good biocompatibility with the cement at the end 72 h. In vivo studies of the cements were performed in rat calvarial defect model. Micro CT analysis showed faster degradation and accelerated bone formation in EB filled defect. Histological studies revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells into the implant site for both the cements till 6th week. However, inflammation was found to be significantly reduced at the 12th week in EB compared to PB leading to complete bone bridge formation. Multi-ion substituted EB seems to be a potential bone substitute material with a reasonable setting time for ease of handling, higher mechanical strength, minimal inflammatory response and higher bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayasree
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - T S Sampath Kumar
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - R Venkateswari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600042, India
| | - Rakesh P Nankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Charbonnier B, Abdulla M, Gorgy A, Shash H, Zhang Z, Gbureck U, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Gilardino M, Barralet J. Treatment of Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects in Rats with Preimplanted Transplants. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900722. [PMID: 31414583 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The local environment and the defect features have made the skull one of the most difficult regions to repair. Finding alternative strategies to repair large cranial defects, thereby avoiding the current limitations of autograft or polymeric and ceramic prostheses constitute an unmet need. In this study, the regeneration of an 8 mm critical-sized calvarial defect treated by autograft or by a monetite scaffold directly placed in the defect or preimplanted (either cranial bone transplant or subcutaneous pocket) and then transplanted within the bone defect is compared. The data reveal that transplantation of preimplanted monetite transplant scaffolds greatly improves the skull vault closure compared to subcutaneously preimplanted or directly placed materials. Autografts, while clearly filling the defect volume with bone appear effective since bone volume inside the defect volume is obviously high, but are not well fused to the skull. The preimplantation site has a large influence on the regeneration of the defect. Transplantation of induced bone inside materials has the potential to reduce the need for autograft harvest without damaging the skeleton. This first demonstration indicates that cranial repair may be possible without recourse to bioactives or cultured cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Charbonnier
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University 817 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal H3G 1C3 Quebec Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdulla
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General HospitalMcGill University Montreal H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - Andrew Gorgy
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General HospitalMcGill University Montreal H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - Hani Shash
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General HospitalMcGill University Montreal H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - Zishuai Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry 3640 University St. Montreal H3A 0C7 Canada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryUniversity Hospital of Würzburg Pleicherwall 2 Würzburg 97070 Germany
| | - Ed Harvey
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University 817 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal H3G 1C3 Quebec Canada
| | - Nicholas Makhoul
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General HospitalMcGill University Montreal H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University 817 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal H3G 1C3 Quebec Canada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General HospitalMcGill University Montreal H3G 1A4 Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry 3640 University St. Montreal H3A 0C7 Canada
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Fine N, Sheikh Z, Al‐Jaf F, Oveisi M, Borenstein A, Hu Y, Pilliar R, Grynpas M, Glogauer M. Differential response of human blood leukocytes to brushite, monetite, and calcium polyphosphate biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:253-262. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute (LTRI), Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Faik Al‐Jaf
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Morvarid Oveisi
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alon Borenstein
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Youxin Hu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Robert Pilliar
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute (LTRI), Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics Toronto Ontario Canada
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Wu T, Yang S, Lu T, He F, Zhang J, Shi H, Lin Z, Ye J. Strontium ranelate simultaneously improves the radiopacity and osteogenesis of calcium phosphate cement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035005. [PMID: 30731438 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In a minimally invasive surgery of osteoporotic fractures, high radiopacity is necessary to monitor the delivery and positioning of injectable cements and good osteogenesis is indispensable. In this work, strontium ranelate (SrR), an agent for treating osteoporosis, is firstly used as a radiopaque agent for calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The addition of SrR does not affect the hydration products of CPC, but prolonged the setting time and decreased the compressive strength. The injectability of the cement was higher than 85% when SrR content is more than 10 wt%. The radiopacity of CPC is significantly improved by SrR and higher than cortical bone when the content of SrR is more than 5 wt%. The concentration of Sr ions released from CPC is increased by the increasing content of SrR, which is among 17-1329 μM. Moreover, CPCs with SrR significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibit the osteoclastogenic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. Based on its good radiopacity and osteogenesis, suppressed osteoclastogenesis and appropriate physicochemical properties, the radiopaque CPC with more than 10 wt% SrR is prospective to be a promising biomaterial for osteoporotic fracture repairing in minimal invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China. Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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11
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Trbakovic A, Hedenqvist P, Mellgren T, Ley C, Hilborn J, Ossipov D, Ekman S, Johansson CB, Jensen-Waern M, Thor A. A new synthetic granular calcium phosphate compound induces new bone in a sinus lift rabbit model. J Dent 2018; 70:31-39. [PMID: 29258851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate if a synthetic granular calcium phosphate compound (CPC) and a composite bisphosphonate-linked hyaluronic acid-calcium phosphate hydrogel (HABP·CaP) induced similar or more amount of bone as bovine mineral in a modified sinus lift rabbit model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen adult male New Zeeland White rabbits, received randomly one of the two test materials on a random side of the face, and bovine mineral as control on the contralateral side. In a sinus lift, the sinus mucosa was elevated and a titanium mini-implant was placed in the alveolar bone. Augmentation material (CPC, HABP·CaP or bovine bone) was applied in the space around the implant. The rabbits were euthanized three months after surgery and qualitative and histomorphometric evaluation were conducted. Histomorphometric evaluation included three different regions of interest (ROIs) and the bone to implant contact on each installed implant. RESULTS Qualitative assessment (p = <.05), histomorphometric evaluations (p = < .01), and implant incorporation (p = <.05) showed that CPC and bovine mineral induced similar amount of bone and more than the HABP·CaP hydrogel. CONCLUSION CPC induced similar amount of bone as bovine mineral and both materials induced more bone than HABP·CaP hydrogel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The CPC is suggested as a synthetic alternative for augmentations in the maxillofacial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Trbakovic
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Patricia Hedenqvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, PO Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Mellgren
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångströms Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Ley
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, PO Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jöns Hilborn
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångströms Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dmitri Ossipov
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångströms Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Ekman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, PO Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Carina B Johansson
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Materials Science, P.O. Box 450, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marianne Jensen-Waern
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, PO Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Thor
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Mendes LS, Saska S, Coelho F, Capote TSDO, Scarel-Caminaga RM, Marchetto R, Carrodeguas RG, Gaspar AMM, Rodríguez MA. Injectable
β
-TCP/MCPM cement associated with mesoporous silica for bone regeneration: characterization and toxicity evaluation. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:025023. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Formulations. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5975-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bertol LS, Schabbach R, Loureiro Dos Santos LA. Different post-processing conditions for 3D bioprinted α-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:168. [PMID: 28916883 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of 3D printing hardware, software and materials has enabled the production of bone substitute scaffolds for tissue engineering. Calcium phosphates cements, such as those based on α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), have recognized properties of osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity and resorbability and can be used to 3D print scaffolds to support and induce tissue formation and be replaced by natural bone. At present, however, the mechanical properties found for 3D printed bone scaffolds are only satisfactory for non-load bearing applications. This study varied the post-processing conditions of the 3D powder printing process of α-TCP cement scaffolds by either immersing the parts into binder, Ringer's solution or phosphoric acid, or by sintering in temperatures ranging from 800 to 1500 °C. The porosity, composition (phase changes), morphology, shrinkage and compressive strength were evaluated. The mechanical strength of the post-processed 3D printed scaffolds increased compared to the green parts and was in the range of the trabecular bone. Although the mechanical properties achieved are still low, the high porosity presented by the scaffolds can potentially result in greater bone ingrowth. The phases present in the scaffolds after the post-processing treatments were calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, brushite, monetite, and unreacted α-TCP. Due to their chemical composition, the 3D printed scaffolds are expected to be resorbable, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liciane Sabadin Bertol
- Laboratory of Biomaterials (Labiomat), Materials Departament, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Schabbach
- Laboratory of Biomaterials (Labiomat), Materials Departament, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Loureiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biomaterials (Labiomat), Materials Departament, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sheikh Z, Hamdan N, Ikeda Y, Grynpas M, Ganss B, Glogauer M. Natural graft tissues and synthetic biomaterials for periodontal and alveolar bone reconstructive applications: a review. Biomater Res 2017; 21:9. [PMID: 28593053 PMCID: PMC5460509 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-017-0095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is categorized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Over the years, there have been several clinical techniques and material options that been investigated for periodontal defect repair/regeneration. The development of improved biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering has significantly improved the available treatment options and their clinical results. Bone replacement graft materials, barrier membranes, various growth factors and combination of these have been used. The available bone tissue replacement materials commonly used include autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. These graft materials mostly function as osteogenic, osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive scaffolds. Polymers (natural and synthetic) are more widely used as a barrier material in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. They work on the principle of epithelial cell exclusion to allow periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells to repopulate the defect before the normally faster epithelial cells. However, in an attempt to overcome complications related to the epithelial down-growth and/or collapse of the non-rigid barrier membrane and to maintain space, clinicians commonly use a combination of membranes with hard tissue grafts. This article aims to review various available natural tissues and biomaterial based bone replacement graft and membrane options used in periodontal regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Sheikh
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada
| | - Nader Hamdan
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-5810 Japan
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
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Sheikh Z, Zhang YL, Tamimi F, Barralet J. Effect of processing conditions of dicalcium phosphate cements on graft resorption and bone formation. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:526-535. [PMID: 28213100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dicalcium phosphate cements (brushite and monetite) are resorbable biomaterials with osteoconductive potential for bone repair and regeneration that have yet to gain widespread commercial use. Brushite can be converted to monetite by heat treatments additionally resulting in various changes in the physico-chemical properties. However, since conversion is most commonly performed using autoclave sterilisation (wet heating), it is uncertain whether the properties observed for monetite as a result of heating brushite under dry conditions affect resorption and bone formation favourably. This study was designed to produce monetite grafts of differing physical form by autoclaving and dry heating (under vacuum) to be compared with brushite biomaterials in an orthotopic pre-clinical implantation model in rabbit for 12weeks. It was observed that monetite grafts had higher porosity and specific surface area than their brushite precursors. The autoclaved monetite grafts had compressive strength reduced by 50% when compared with their brushite precursors. However, the dry heat converted monetite grafts had compressive strength comparable with brushite. Results from in vivo experiments revealed that both types of monetite graft materials resorbed faster than brushite and more bone formation was achieved. There was no significant difference in the amount of bone formed between the two types of monetite grafts. The implanted brushite grafts underwent phase transformation to form hydroxyapatite, which ultimately limited bioresorption. However, this was not observed in both types of monetite grafts. In summary, both autoclaving and dry heating the preset brushite cement grafts resulted in monetite biomaterials which were more resorbable with potential to be investigated and optimized for orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone repair and regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We present in this original research article a comparison between dicalcium phosphate cement based grafts (brushite and 2 types of monetite grafts prepared by wet and dry thermal processing) with regards to resorption and bone formation in vivo after orthotopic implantation in rabbit condylar femural region. To the best of our knowledge this is the first in vivo study that reports a comparison resorption and bone formation using brushite and two types of monetite biomaterials. Also, we have included in the manuscript a summary of all the in vivo studies performed on brushite and monetite biomaterials to date. This includes cement composition, physical properties (porosity and surface area), implantation and histomorphometrical details such as animal species, site of implantation, observation period, percentage bone tissue formation and residual graft material. In addition, we calculated the percentage resorption of graft materials based upon various implantation sites and included that into the discussion section. The results of this original research provides greater understanding of the resorption processes of dicalcium phosphate based grafts, allowing preparation of bone substitute materials with more predictable resorption profiles in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Sheikh
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Yu Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Jake Barralet
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Rue University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Kim HS, Kim YK, Yun PY. Minimal invasive horizontal ridge augmentation using subperiosteal tunneling technique. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 38:41. [PMID: 27882310 PMCID: PMC5097073 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-016-0087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the prognosis of minimal invasive horizontal ridge augmentation (MIHRA) technique using small incision and subperiosteal tunneling technique. Methods This study targeted 25 partially edentulous patients (10 males and 15 females, mean age 48.8 ± 19.7 years) who needed bone graft for installation of the implants due to alveolar bone deficiency. The patients took the radiographic exam, panoramic and periapical view at first visit, and had implant fixture installation surgery. All patients received immediate or delayed implant surgery with bone graft using U-shaped incision and tunneling technique. After an average of 2.8 months, the prosthesis was connected and functioned. The clinical prognosis was recorded by observation of the peri-implant tissue at every visit. A year after restoration, the crestal bone loss around the implant was measured by taking the follow-up radiographs. One patient took 3D-CT before bone graft, after bone graft, and 2 years after restoration to compare and analyze change of alveolar bone width. Results This study included 25 patients and 39 implants. Thirty eight implants (97.4 %) survived. As for postoperative complications, five patients showed minor infection symptoms, like swelling and tenderness after bone graft. The other one had buccal fenestration, and secondary bone graft was done by the same technique. No complications related with bone graft were found except in these patients. The mean crestal bone loss around the implants was 0.03 mm 1 year after restoration, and this was an adequate clinical prognosis. A patient took 3D-CT after bone graft, and the width of alveolar bone increased 4.32 mm added to 4.6 mm of former alveolar bone width. Two years after bone graft, the width of alveolar bone was 8.13 mm, and this suggested that the resorption rate of bone graft material was 18.29 % during 2 years. Conclusions The bone graft material retained within a pouch formed using U-shaped incision and tunneling technique resulted with a few complications, and the prognosis of the implants placed above the alveolar bone was adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Suk Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam City, Gyunggi-do South Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam City, Gyunggi-do South Korea ; Department of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Pil-Young Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam City, Gyunggi-do South Korea
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Cabrejos-Azama J, Alkhraisat MH, Rueda C, Torres J, Pintado C, Blanco L, López-Cabarcos E. Magnesium substitution in brushite cements: Efficacy of a new biomaterial loaded with vancomycin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Uehara T, Mise-Omata S, Matsui M, Tabata Y, Murali R, Miyashin M, Aoki K. Delivery of RANKL-Binding Peptide OP3-4 Promotes BMP-2-Induced Maxillary Bone Regeneration. J Dent Res 2016; 95:665-72. [PMID: 27006466 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516633170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is known to stimulate osteogenesis, there is evidence that high doses of BMP-2 can lead to side effects, including inflammation and carcinogenesis. The supplementation of other bone-augmenting agents is considered helpful in preventing such side effects by reducing the amount of BMP-2 required to obtain a sufficient amount of bone. We recently showed that a receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-binding peptide promotes osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether OP3-4, a RANKL-binding peptide, promotes BMP-2-induced bone formation in the murine maxilla using an injectable gelatin hydrogel (GH) carrier. A GH carrier containing OP3-4 with BMP-2 was subperiosteally injected into the murine maxillary right diastema between the incisor and the first molar. The mice were sacrificed 28 d after the injections. The local bone formation in the OP3-4-BMP-2-injected group was analyzed in comparison to the carrier-injected, BMP-2-injected, and control-peptide-BMP-2-injected groups. The GH carrier containing OP3-4 with BMP-2 enlarged the radio-opaque area and increased the bone mineral content and density in the radiological analyses in comparison to the other experimental groups. Interestingly, fluorescence-based histological analyses revealed that the mineralization had started from the outside, then proceeded inward, suggesting that the size of the newly formed bone had already been set before calcification started and that the effects of OP3-4 might be involved in accelerating the early steps of osteogenesis. Actually, OP3-4 enhanced the BMP-2-induced 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cell numbers at the injected site on day 7 and the expression of Runx2 and Col1a1, which are early osteogenic cell markers, on day 10 after the subperiosteal injections. In summary, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the application of OP3-4 by subperiosteal injection promoted BMP-2-induced bone formation, which could lead to the development of an easy and noninvasive means of promoting alveolar ridge formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uehara
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Mise-Omata
- Department of Bio-Matrix (Pharmacology), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Matsui
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Miyashin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Aoki
- Department of Bio-Matrix (Pharmacology), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Vahabzadeh S, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S, Mandal R, Nandi SK. IGF-loaded silicon and zinc doped brushite cement: physico-mechanical characterization and in vivo osteogenesis evaluation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1561-73. [PMID: 26530147 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopants play critical roles in controlling the physical, mechanical, degradation kinetics, and in vivo properties of calcium phosphates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) dopants on the physico-mechanical and in vivo osteogenesis properties of brushite cements (BrCs) alone and in combination with insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Addition of 0.5 wt% Si did not alter the setting time, β-TCP content, and compressive strength of BrCs significantly; however, 0.25 wt% Zn incorporation was accompanied by a significant decrease in mechanical strength from 4.78 ± 0.21 MPa for pure BrC to 3.78 ± 0.59 MPa and 3.28 ± 0.22 MPa for Zn-BrC and Si/Zn-BrC, respectively. The in vivo bone regeneration properties of doped BrCs alone and in combination with IGF-1 were assessed and compared using chronological radiography, histology, scanning electron microscopy and fluorochrome labeling at 2 and 4 months post implantation in a rabbit femoral defect model. Based on in vivo characterization focusing on osteogenesis and vasculogenesis, Si-BrC and Si/Zn-BrC showed the best performance followed by Zn-BrC and pure BrCs. Addition of IGF-1 further improved bone regeneration. Our findings confirm that addition of Si and/or Zn alters the physico-mechanical properties of BrCs and promotes the early stage in vivo osseointegration and bone remodeling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Vahabzadeh
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA.
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Biodegradable Materials for Bone Repair and Tissue Engineering Applications. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5744-5794. [PMID: 28793533 PMCID: PMC5512653 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses and summarizes the recent developments and advances in the use of biodegradable materials for bone repair purposes. The choice between using degradable and non-degradable devices for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications must be carefully weighed. Traditional biodegradable devices for osteosynthesis have been successful in low or mild load bearing applications. However, continuing research and recent developments in the field of material science has resulted in development of biomaterials with improved strength and mechanical properties. For this purpose, biodegradable materials, including polymers, ceramics and magnesium alloys have attracted much attention for osteologic repair and applications. The next generation of biodegradable materials would benefit from recent knowledge gained regarding cell material interactions, with better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. The next generations of biodegradable materials for bone repair and regeneration applications require better control of interfacing between the material and the surrounding bone tissue. Also, the mechanical properties and degradation/resorption profiles of these materials require further improvement to broaden their use and achieve better clinical results.
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Ajaxon I, Maazouz Y, Ginebra MP, Öhman C, Persson C. Evaluation of a porosity measurement method for wet calcium phosphate cements. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:526-36. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215594293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The porosity of a calcium phosphate cement is a key parameter as it affects several important properties of the cement. However, a successful, non-destructive porosity measurement method that does not include drying has not yet been reported for calcium phosphate cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate isopropanol solvent exchange as such a method. Two different types of calcium phosphate cements were used, one basic (hydroxyapatite) and one acidic (brushite). The cements were allowed to set in an aqueous environment and then immersed in isopropanol and stored under three different conditions: at room temperature, at room temperature under vacuum (300 mbar) or at 37℃. The specimen mass was monitored regularly. Solvent exchange took much longer time to reach steady state in hydroxyapatite cements compared to brushite cements, 350 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, the immersion affected the quasi-static compressive strength of the hydroxyapatite cements. However, the strength and phase composition of the brushite cements were not affected by isopropanol immersion, suggesting that isopropanol solvent exchange can be used for brushite calcium phosphate cements. The main advantages with this method are that it is non-destructive, fast, easy and the porosity can be evaluated while the cements remain wet, allowing for further analysis on the same specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ajaxon
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yassine Maazouz
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Öhman
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sheikh Z, Sima C, Glogauer M. Bone Replacement Materials and Techniques Used for Achieving Vertical Alveolar Bone Augmentation. MATERIALS 2015. [PMCID: PMC5455762 DOI: 10.3390/ma8062953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar bone augmentation in vertical dimension remains the holy grail of periodontal tissue engineering. Successful dental implant placement for restoration of edentulous sites depends on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone available in all spatial dimensions. There are several surgical techniques used alone or in combination with natural or synthetic graft materials to achieve vertical alveolar bone augmentation. While continuously improving surgical techniques combined with the use of auto- or allografts provide the most predictable clinical outcomes, their success often depends on the status of recipient tissues. The morbidity associated with donor sites for auto-grafts makes these techniques less appealing to both patients and clinicians. New developments in material sciences offer a range of synthetic replacements for natural grafts to address the shortcoming of a second surgical site and relatively high resorption rates. This narrative review focuses on existing techniques, natural tissues and synthetic biomaterials commonly used to achieve vertical bone height gain in order to successfully restore edentulous ridges with implant-supported prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Sheikh
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-514-224-7490
| | - Corneliu Sima
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; E-Mail:
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Abstract
Calcium phosphate biocements based on calcium phosphate chemistry are well-established biomaterials for the repair of non-load bearing bone defects due to the brittle nature and low flexural strength of such cements. This article features reinforcement strategies of biocements based on various intrinsic or extrinsic material modifications to improve their strength and toughness. Altering particle size distribution in conjunction with using liquefiers reduces the amount of cement liquid necessary for cement paste preparation. This in turn decreases cement porosity and increases the mechanical performance, but does not change the brittle nature of the cements. The use of fibers may lead to a reinforcement of the matrix with a toughness increase of up to two orders of magnitude, but restricts at the same time cement injection for minimal invasive application techniques. A novel promising approach is the concept of dual-setting cements, in which a second hydrogel phase is simultaneously formed during setting, leading to more ductile cement–hydrogel composites with largely unaffected application properties.
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Mestres G, Santos CF, Engman L, Persson C, Karlsson Ott M. Scavenging effect of Trolox released from brushite cements. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:459-66. [PMID: 25229765 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study a brushite cement was doped with the chain-breaking antioxidant Trolox. The effect of the antioxidant on the physical properties of the cement was evaluated and the release of Trolox was monitored by UV spectroscopy. The ability of the Trolox set free to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by macrophages was determined in vitro using a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence assay. Trolox did not modify the crystalline phases of the set cement, which mainly formed crystalline brushite after 7 days in humid conditions. The setting time, compressive strength and morphology of the cement also remained unaltered after the addition of the antioxidant. Trolox was slowly released from the cement following a non-Fickian transport mechanism and nearly 64% of the total amount was released after 3 days. Moreover, the capacity of Trolox to scavenge the ROS released by macrophages increased in a dose-dependent manner. Trolox-loaded cements are expected to reduce some of the first harmful effects of acute inflammation and can thus potentially protect the surrounding tissue during implantation of these as well as other materials used in conjunction.
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Cama G, Gharibi B, Knowles JC, Romeed S, DiSilvio L, Deb S. Structural changes and biological responsiveness of an injectable and mouldable monetite bone graft generated by a facile synthetic method. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140727. [PMID: 25297314 PMCID: PMC4223900 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) and monetite (dicalcium phosphate anhydrous) are of considerable interest in bone augmentation owing to their metastable nature in physiological fluids. The anhydrous form of brushite, namely monetite, has a finer microstructure with higher surface area, strength and bioresorbability, which does not transform to the poorly resorbable hydroxyapatite, thus making it a viable alternative for use as a scaffold for engineering of bone tissue. We recently reported the formation of monetite cements by a simple processing route without the need of hydrothermal treatment by using a high concentration of sodium chloride in the reaction mix of β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate. In this paper, we report the biological responsiveness of monetite formed by this method. The in vitro behaviour of monetite after interaction and ageing both in an acellular and cellular environment showed that the crystalline phase of monetite was retained over three weeks as evidenced from X-ray diffraction measurements. The crystal size and morphology also remained unaltered after ageing in different media. Human osteoblast cells seeded on monetite showed the ability of the cells to proliferate and express genes associated with osteoblast maturation and mineralization. Furthermore, the results showed that monetite could stimulate osteoblasts to undergo osteogenesis and accelerate osteoblast maturation earlier than cells cultured on hydroxyapatite scaffolds of similar porosity. Osteoblasts cultured on monetite cement also showed higher expression of osteocalcin, which is an indicator of the maturation stages of osteoblastogenesis and is associated with matrix mineralization and bone forming activity of osteoblasts. Thus, this new method of fabricating porous monetite can be safely used for generating three-dimensional bone graft constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cama
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - B Gharibi
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - S Romeed
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - L DiSilvio
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S Deb
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Hao J, Chou J, Kuroda S, Otsuka M, Kasugai S, Lang NP. Strontium hydroxyapatitein situgel-forming system - a new approach for minimally invasive bone augmentation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:581-5. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hao
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - J. Chou
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Faculty of Pharmacy; Musashino University; Tokyo Japan
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Group; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - S. Kuroda
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Faculty of Pharmacy; Musashino University; Tokyo Japan
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Group; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - S. Kasugai
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. P. Lang
- Prince Philip Dental Hospital; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China and University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Kanter B, Geffers M, Ignatius A, Gbureck U. Control of in vivo mineral bone cement degradation. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3279-87. [PMID: 24769112 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to prevent the formation of hydroxyapatite reprecipitates in brushite-forming biocements by minimizing the availability of free Ca(2+) ions in the cement matrix. This was achieved by both maximizing the degree of cement setting to avoid unreacted, calcium-rich cement raw materials which can deliver Ca(2+) directly to the cement matrix after dissolution, and by a reduction in porosity to reduce Ca(2+) diffusion into the set cement matrix. In addition, a biocement based on the formation of the magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) was tested, which should prevent the formation of low-solubility hydroxyapatite reprecipitates due to the high magnesium content. Different porosity levels were fabricated by altering the powder-to-liquid ratio at which the cements were mixed and the materials were implanted into mechanically unloaded femoral defects in sheep for up to 10 months. While the higher-porosity brushite cement quantitatively transformed into crystalline octacalcium phosphate after 10 months, slowing down cement resorption, a lower-porosity brushite cement modification was found to be chemically stable with the absence of reprecipitate formation and minor cement resorption from the implant surface. In contrast, struvite-forming cements were much more degradable due to the absence of mineral reprecipitates and a nearly quantitative cement degradation was found after 10 months of implantation.
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Liu W, Zhang J, Rethore G, Khairoun K, Pilet P, Tancret F, Bouler JM, Weiss P. A novel injectable, cohesive and toughened Si-HPMC (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) composite calcium phosphate cement for bone substitution. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3335-45. [PMID: 24657196 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the incorporation of the self-setting polysaccharide derivative hydrogel (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) into the formulation of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) to develop a novel injectable material for bone substitution. The effects of Si-HPMC on the handling properties (injectability, cohesion and setting time) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, fracture toughness, flexural and compressive strength) of CPCs were systematically studied. It was found that Si-HPMC could endow composite CPC pastes with an appealing rheological behavior at the early stage of setting, promoting its application in open bone cavities. Moreover, Si-HPMC gave the composite CPC good injectability and cohesion, and reduced the setting time. Si-HPMC increased the porosity of CPCs after hardening, especially the macroporosity as a result of entrapped air bubbles; however, it improved, rather than compromised, the mechanical properties of composite CPCs, which demonstrates a strong toughening and strengthening effect. In view of the above, the Si-HPMC composite CPC may be particularly promising as bone substitute material for clinic application.
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Yorgancilar E, Firat U, Gun R, Bakir S, Dasdag S, Akkus Z, Gokalp O, Topcu I. Histopathologic Effects of Glass Ionomer Bone Cements Application to Maxillofacial Area: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Dorozhkin SV. Self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:209-311. [PMID: 24956191 PMCID: PMC4030932 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates in dentistry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1335-1363. [PMID: 23468163 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or a cavity, remains a major public health problem in the most communities even though the prevalence of disease has decreased since the introduction of fluorides for dental care. Therefore, biomaterials to fill dental defects appear to be necessary to fulfill customers' needs regarding the properties and the processing of the products. Bioceramics and glass-ceramics are widely used for these purposes, as dental inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns or bridges. Calcium orthophosphates belong to bioceramics but they have some specific advantages over other types of bioceramics due to a chemical similarity to the inorganic part of both human and mammalian bones and teeth. Therefore, calcium orthophosphates (both alone and as components of various formulations) are used in dentistry as both dental fillers and implantable scaffolds. This review provides brief information on calcium orthophosphates and describes in details current state-of-the-art on their applications in dentistry and dentistry-related fields. Among the recognized dental specialties, calcium orthophosphates are most frequently used in periodontics; however, the majority of the publications on calcium orthophosphates in dentistry are devoted to unspecified "dental" fields.
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Moseke C, Bayer C, Vorndran E, Barralet JE, Groll J, Gbureck U. Low temperature fabrication of spherical brushite granules by cement paste emulsion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2631-2637. [PMID: 22903599 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Secondary protonated calcium phosphates such as brushite (CaHPO(4)·2H(2)O) or monetite (CaHPO(4)) have a higher resorption potential in bone defects than sintered ceramics, e.g. tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite. However, processing of these phosphates to monolithic blocks or granules is not possible by sintering due to thermal decomposition of protonated phosphates at higher temperatures. In this study a low temperature technique for the preparation of spherical brushite granules in a cement setting reaction is presented. These granules were synthesized by dispersing a calcium phosphate cement paste composed of β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate together with a surfactant to an oil/water emulsion. The reaction products were characterized regarding their size distribution, morphology, and phase composition. Clinically relevant granule sizes ranging from 200 μm to 1 mm were obtained, whereas generally smaller granules were received with higher oil viscosity, increasing temperature or higher powder to liquid ratios of the cement paste. The hardened granules were microporous with a specific surface area of 0.7 m(2)/g and consisted of plate-like brushite (>95 % according to XRD) crystals of 0.5-7 μm size. Furthermore it was shown that the granules may be also used for drug delivery applications. This was demonstrated by adsorption of vancomycin from an aqueous solution, where a load of 1.45-1.88 mg drug per g granules and an almost complete release within 2 h was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Moseke
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Martínez-Sanz E, Varghese OP, Kisiel M, Engstrand T, Reich KM, Bohner M, Jonsson KB, Kohler T, Müller R, Ossipov DA, Hilborn J. Minimally invasive mandibular bone augmentation using injectable hydrogels. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 6 Suppl 3:s15-23. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oommen P. Varghese
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Sweden
| | - Marta Kisiel
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Sweden
| | | | | | - Marc Bohner
- Department of Basic and Applied Research; RMS Foundation; Bettlach; Switzerland
| | - Kenneth B. Jonsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Orthopaedic Surgery; Uppsala University; Sweden
| | | | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics; ETH Zürich; Switzerland
| | - Dmitri A. Ossipov
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Sweden
| | - Jöns Hilborn
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Sweden
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35
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Calcium orthophosphate-based bone cements (CPCs): Applications, antibiotic release and alternatives to antibiotics. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2012; 10:2-11. [PMID: 22467044 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.9279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium orthophosphate bone cements (CPCs) are widely used in orthopedic surgery. Implants are highly susceptible to infection and often lead to the formation of microbial biofilms. Antibiotics are often incorporated into bone cement to prevent infection. The increase in the number of microorganisms acquiring or developing resistance to antibiotics, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), is a major concern. Bacteriocins (antimicrobial peptides) offer an alternative to antibiotics. Their mode of activity involves permanent destabilization of the plasma membrane of target cells. A number of broad-spectrum bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. have recently been reported. In this REVIEW the major characteristics of calcium phosphate bone cements, prosthetic joint-associated infections, and treatment of these infections is discussed. The role of antimicrobial agents in CPCs is discussed and the possibility of incorporating bacteriocins in prosthetic devices is investigated.
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36
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van Staden AD, Brand AM, Dicks LMT. Nisin F-loaded brushite bone cement prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:831-40. [PMID: 22268790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if nisin F-loaded self-setting brushite cement could control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Brushite cement was prepared by mixing equimolar concentrations of β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate. Nisin F was added at 5·0, 2·5 and 1·0% (w/w) and the cement moulded into cylinders. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined using a delayed agar diffusion assay. Release of nisin F from the cement was determined using BCA protein assays. Based on scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, nisin F did not cause significant changes in cement structure or chemistry. Cement containing 5·0% (w/w) nisin F yielded the most promising in vitro results. Nisin F-loaded cement was implanted into a subcutaneous pocket on the back of mice and then infected with S. aureus Xen 36. Infection was monitored for 7 days, using an in vivo imaging system. Nisin F prevented S. aureus infection for 7 days and no viable cells were isolated from the implants. CONCLUSIONS Nisin F-loaded brushite cement successfully prevented in vivo growth of S. aureus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Nisin F incorporated into bone cement may be used to control S. aureus infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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37
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Dicalcium phosphate cements: brushite and monetite. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:474-87. [PMID: 21856456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dicalcium phosphate cements were developed two decades ago and ever since there has been a substantial growth in research into improving their properties in order to satisfy the requirements needed for several clinical applications. The present paper presents an overview of the rapidly expanding research field of the two main dicalcium phosphate bioceramics: brushite and monetite. This review begins with a summary of all the different formulae developed to prepare dicalcium phosphate cements, and their setting reaction, in order to set the scene for the key cement physical and chemical properties, such as compressive and tensile strength, cohesion, injectability and shelf-life. We address the issue of brushite conversion into either monetite or apatite. Moreover, we discuss the in vivo behavior of the cements, including their ability to promote bone formation, biodegradation and potential clinical applications in drug delivery, orthopedics, craniofacial surgery, cancer therapy and biosensors.
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38
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Lin Q, Xu Z, Lan X, Ni Y, Lu C. The reactivity of nano silica with calcium hydroxide. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 99:239-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ewald A, Helmschrott K, Knebl G, Mehrban N, Grover LM, Gbureck U. Effect of cold-setting calcium- and magnesium phosphate matrices on protein expression in osteoblastic cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 96:326-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Großardt C, Ewald A, Grover LM, Barralet JE, Gbureck U. Passive and Active In Vitro Resorption of Calcium and Magnesium Phosphate Cements by Osteoclastic Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:3687-95. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Großardt
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ewald
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liam M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jake E. Barralet
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Chemical, modulus and cell attachment studies of reactive calcium phosphate filler-containing fast photo-curing, surface-degrading, polymeric bone adhesives. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2695-703. [PMID: 20085828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The initial structure, setting and degradation processes of a poly(lactide-co-propylene glycol-co-lactide) dimethacrylate adhesive filled with 50, 60 or 70 wt.% reactive calcium phosphates (monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM)/beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP)) have been assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, X-ray powder diffraction and gravimetric studies. Filler incorporation reduced the rapid light-activated monomer polymerization rates slightly, but not the final levels. Upon immersion in water for 24h, the set composite mass and volume increased due to water sorption. This promoted initial soluble MCPM loss from the composite surfaces, but also its reaction and monetite precipitation within the specimen bulk. After 48 h, composite gravimetric and chemical studies were consistent with surface erosion of polymer with reacted/remaining filler. The filled formulations exhibited more rapid early water sorption and subsequent surface erosion than the unfilled polymer. Calcium and phosphate release profiles and solution pH measurements confirmed early loss of surface MCPM with protons from polymer degradation products. At later times, the slower release of monetite/beta-TCP buffered composite storage solutions at approximately 5 instead of 3.2 for the unfilled polymer. Incorporation of filler increased both the early and later time material modulus. At intermediate times this effect was lost, presumably as a result of enhanced water sorption. The early modulus values obtained fell within the range reported for cancellous bone. Despite surface degradation, initial human mesenchymal cell attachment to both composites and polymer could be comparable with a non-degrading positive Thermanox control. These studies indicate that the filled formulations may be good candidates for bone repair. Release of calcium and phosphate ions provides components essential for such repair.
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42
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Pina S, Vieira S, Torres PMC, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J, da Cruz e Silva OAB, da Cruz e Silva EF, Ferreira JMF. In vitro performance assessment of new brushite-forming Zn- and ZnSr-substituted β-TCP bone cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 94:414-420. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Craniofacial vertical bone augmentation: A comparison between 3D printed monolithic monetite blocks and autologous onlay grafts in the rabbit. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6318-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kai D, Li D, Zhu X, Zhang L, Fan H, Zhang X. Addition of sodium hyaluronate and the effect on performance of the injectable calcium phosphate cement. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:1595-1602. [PMID: 19291369 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with porous structure and excellent anti-washout ability was developed in the study. Citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were added into the CPC powder consisting of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) to form macro-pores, then different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) solution, as liquid phase, was added into the cement to investigate its effect on CPC's performance. The prepared CPCs were tested on workability (injectable time and setting time), mechanical strength, as well as anti-washout ability. The experimental results showed that addition of NaHA not only enhanced the anti-washout ability of the CPC dramatically but also improve its other properties. When NaHA concentration was 0.6 wt%, the injectable time elongated to 15.7 +/- 0.6 min, the initial and final setting times were respectively shorten to 18.3 +/- 1.2 and 58.7 +/- 2.1 min, and the compressive strength were increased to 18.78 +/- 1.83 MPa. On the other hand, Addition of NaHA showed little effect on porous structure of the CPC and enhanced its bioactivity obviously, which was confirmed by the apatite formation on its surface after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). In conclusion, as an in situ shaped injectable biomaterials, the CPC with appropriate addition of NaHA would notably improve its performance and might be used in minimal invasive surgery for bone repair or reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Abstract
In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases form after mixing a viscous paste that after being implanted, sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with unreacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with newly forming bone), calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique for non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities and easy manipulation. Furthermore, reinforced cement formulations are available, which in a certain sense might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The concepts established by calcium orthophosphate cement pioneers in the early 1980s were used as a platform to initiate a new generation of bone substitute materials for commercialization. Since then, advances have been made in the composition, performance and manufacturing; several beneficial formulations have already been introduced as a result. Many other compositions are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into calcium orthophosphate cements and concretes, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting application, has been provided.
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