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Salahuddin U, Gao PX. Signal Generation, Acquisition, and Processing in Brain Machine Interfaces: A Unified Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:728178. [PMID: 34588951 PMCID: PMC8475516 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.728178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain machine interfaces (BMIs), or brain computer interfaces (BCIs), are devices that act as a medium for communications between the brain and the computer. It is an emerging field with numerous applications in domains of prosthetic devices, robotics, communication technology, gaming, education, and security. It is noted in such a multidisciplinary field, many reviews have surveyed on various focused subfields of interest, such as neural signaling, microelectrode fabrication, and signal classification algorithms. A unified review is lacking to cover and link all the relevant areas in this field. Herein, this review intends to connect on the relevant areas that circumscribe BMIs to present a unified script that may help enhance our understanding of BMIs. Specifically, this article discusses signal generation within the cortex, signal acquisition using invasive, non-invasive, or hybrid techniques, and the signal processing domain. The latest development is surveyed in this field, particularly in the last decade, with discussions regarding the challenges and possible solutions to allow swift disruption of BMI products in the commercial market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Salahuddin
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Pu-Xian Gao
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Electro‐Stimulation, a Promising Therapeutic Treatment Modality for Tissue Repair: Emerging Roles of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Electro‐Regulatory Mediators of Intrinsic Repair Processes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff Wales CF10 3AX UK
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Royal North Shore Hospital St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Yuan X, Wolf N, Hondrich TJJ, Shokoohimehr P, Milos F, Glass M, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Prömpers M, Offenhäusser A, Wördenweber R. Engineering Biocompatible Interfaces via Combinations of Oxide Films and Organic Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17121-17129. [PMID: 32186363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that cell adhesion and neuron maturation can be guided by patterned oxide surfaces functionalized with organic molecular layers. It is shown that the difference in the surface potential of various oxides (SiO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, and Al2O3) can be increased by functionalization with a silane, (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES), which is deposited from the gas phase on the oxide. Furthermore, it seems that only physisorbed layers (no chemical binding) can be achieved for some oxides (Ta2O5 and TiO2), whereas self-assembled monolayers (SAM) form on other oxides (SiO2 and Al2O3). This does not only alter the surface potential but also affects the neuronal cell growth. The already high cell density on SiO2 is increased further by the chemically bound APTES SAM, whereas the already low cell density on Ta2O5 is even further reduced by the physisorbed APTES layer. As a result, the cell density is ∼8 times greater on SiO2 compared to Ta2O5, both coated with APTES. Furthermore, neurons form the typical networks on SiO2, whereas they tend to cluster to form neurospheres on Ta2O5. Using lithographically patterned Ta2O5 layers on SiO2 substrates functionalized with APTES, the guided growth can be transferred to complex patterns. Cell cultures and molecular layers can easily be removed, and the cell experiment can be repeated after functionalization of the patterned oxide surface with APTES. Thus, the combination of APTES-functionalized patterned oxides might offer a promising way of achieving guided neuronal growth on robust and reusable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yuan
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Wolf
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Timm J J Hondrich
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Pegah Shokoohimehr
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Frano Milos
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Manuel Glass
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Michael Prömpers
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Roger Wördenweber
- Institute of Complex Systems-Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
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Litowczenko J, Maciejewska BM, Wychowaniec JK, Kościński M, Jurga S, Warowicka A. Groove‐patterned surfaces induce morphological changes in cells of neuronal origin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2244-2256. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | | | - Jacek K. Wychowaniec
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Mikołaj Kościński
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionPoznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
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6
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Koklu A, Atmaramani R, Hammack A, Beskok A, Pancrazio JJ, Gnade BE, Black BJ. Gold nanostructure microelectrode arrays for in vitro recording and stimulation from neuronal networks. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:235501. [PMID: 30776783 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab07cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An ideal microelectrode array (MEA) design should include materials and structures which exhibit biocompatibility, low electrode polarization, low impedance/noise, and structural durability. Here, the fabrication of MEAs with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes deposited with self-similar gold nanostructures (GNS) is described. We show that fern leaf fractal-like GNS deposited on ITO electrodes are conducive for neural cell attachment and viability while reducing the interfacial impedance more than two orders of magnitude at low frequencies (100-1000 Hz) versus bare ITO. GNS MEAs, with low interfacial impedance, allowed the detection of extracellular action potentials with excellent signal-to-noise ratios (SNR, 20.26 ± 2.14). Additionally, the modified electrodes demonstrated electrochemical and mechanical stability over 29 d in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75205, United States of America
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Melrose J. Functional Consequences of Keratan Sulfate Sulfation in Electrosensory Tissues and in Neuronal Regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800327. [PMID: 32627425 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) is a functional electrosensory and neuro-instructive molecule. Recent studies have identified novel low sulfation KS in auditory and sensory tissues such as the tectorial membrane of the organ of Corti and the Ampullae of Lorenzini in elasmobranch fish. These are extremely sensitive proton gradient detection systems that send signals to neural interfaces to facilitate audition and electrolocation. High and low sulfation KS have differential functional roles in song learning in the immature male zebra song-finch with high charge density KS in song nuclei promoting brain development and cognitive learning. The conductive properties of KS are relevant to the excitable neural phenotype. High sulfation KS interacts with a large number of guidance and neuroregulatory proteins. The KS proteoglycan microtubule associated protein-1B (MAP1B) stabilizes actin and tubulin cytoskeletal development during neuritogenesis. A second 12 span transmembrane synaptic vesicle associated KS proteoglycan (SV2) provides a smart gel storage matrix for the storage of neurotransmitters. MAP1B and SV2 have prominent roles to play in neuroregulation. Aggrecan and phosphacan have roles in perineuronal net formation and in neuroregulation. A greater understanding of the biology of KS may be insightful as to how neural repair might be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, Sydney University, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Weydert S, Girardin S, Cui X, Zürcher S, Peter T, Wirz R, Sterner O, Stauffer F, Aebersold MJ, Tanner S, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, Tosatti S, Vörös J. A Versatile Protein and Cell Patterning Method Suitable for Long-Term Neural Cultures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2966-2975. [PMID: 30767535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an easy-to-use protein and cell patterning method relying solely on pipetting, rinsing steps and illumination with a desktop lamp, which does not require any expensive laboratory equipment, custom-built hardware or delicate chemistry. This method is based on the adhesion promoter poly(allylamine)-grafted perfluorophenyl azide, which allows UV-induced cross-linking with proteins and the antifouling molecule poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Versatility is demonstrated by creating patterns with two different proteins and a polysaccharide directly on plastic well plates and on glass slides, and by subsequently seeding primary neurons and C2C12 myoblasts on the patterns to form islands and mini-networks. Patterning characterization is done via immunohistochemistry, Congo red staining, ellipsometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Using a pragmatic setup, patterning contrasts down to 5 μm and statistically significant long-term stability superior to the gold standard poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) could be obtained. This simple method can be used in any laboratory or even in classrooms and its outstanding stability is especially interesting for long-term cell experiments, e.g., for bottom-up neuroscience, where well-defined microislands and microcircuits of primary neurons are studied over weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sophie Girardin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Xinnan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Stefan Zürcher
- SuSoS AG , Lagerstrasse 14 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ronny Wirz
- Bruker Optics GmbH , Industriestrasse 26 , 8117 Fällanden , Switzerland
| | - Olof Sterner
- SuSoS AG , Lagerstrasse 14 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Flurin Stauffer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tanner
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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Forró C, Thompson-Steckel G, Weaver S, Weydert S, Ihle S, Dermutz H, Aebersold MJ, Pilz R, Demkó L, Vörös J. Modular microstructure design to build neuronal networks of defined functional connectivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 122:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Simultaneous recording of electrical activity and the underlying ionic currents in NG108-15 cells cultured on gold substrate. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00550. [PMID: 29560462 PMCID: PMC5857624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper shows the simultaneous recording of electrical activity and the underlying ionic currents by using a gold substrate to culture NG108-15 cells. Cells grown on two different substrates (plastic Petri dishes and gold substrates) were characterized quantitatively through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as qualitatively by optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). No significant differences were observed between the surface area of cells cultured on gold substrates and Petri dishes, as indicated by measurements performed on SEM images. We also evaluated the electrophysiological compatibility of the cells through standard patch-clamp experiments by analyzing features such as the resting potential, membrane resistance, ionic currents, etc. Cells grown on both substrates showed no significant differences in their dependency on voltage, as well as in the magnitude of the Na+ and K+ current density; however, cells cultured on the gold substrate showed a lower membrane capacitance when compared to those grown on Petri dishes. By using two separate patch-clamp amplifiers, we were able to record the membrane current with the conventional patch-clamp technique and through the gold substrate simultaneously. Furthermore, the proposed technique allowed us to obtain simultaneous recordings of the electrical activity (such as action potentials firing) and the underlying membrane ionic currents. The excellent conductivity of gold makes it possible to overcome important difficulties found in conventional electrophysiological experiments such as those presented by the resistance of the electrolytic bath solution. We conclude that the technique here presented constitutes a solution to the problem of the simultaneous recording of electrical activity and the underlying ionic currents, which for decades, had been solved only partially.
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11
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Albisetti E, Carroll KM, Lu X, Curtis JE, Petti D, Bertacco R, Riedo E. Thermochemical scanning probe lithography of protein gradients at the nanoscale. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:315302. [PMID: 27344982 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/31/315302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patterning nanoscale protein gradients is crucial for studying a variety of cellular processes in vitro. Despite the recent development in nano-fabrication technology, combining nanometric resolution and fine control of protein concentrations is still an open challenge. Here, we demonstrate the use of thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tc-SPL) for defining micro- and nano-sized patterns with precisely controlled protein concentration. First, tc-SPL is performed by scanning a heatable atomic force microscopy tip on a polymeric substrate, for locally exposing reactive amino groups on the surface, then the substrate is functionalized with streptavidin and laminin proteins. We show, by fluorescence microscopy on the patterned gradients, that it is possible to precisely tune the concentration of the immobilized proteins by varying the patterning parameters during tc-SPL. This paves the way to the use of tc-SPL for defining protein gradients at the nanoscale, to be used as chemical cues e.g. for studying and regulating cellular processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Albisetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy. School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Mescola A, Canale C, Prato M, Diaspro A, Berdondini L, Maccione A, Dante S. Specific Neuron Placement on Gold and Silicon Nitride-Patterned Substrates through a Two-Step Functionalization Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6319-6327. [PMID: 27268249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The control of neuron-substrate adhesion has been always a challenge for fabricating neuron-based cell chips and in particular for multielectrode array (MEA) devices, which warrants the investigation of the electrophysiological activity of neuronal networks. The recent introduction of high-density chips based on the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, integrating thousands of electrodes, improved the possibility to sense large networks and raised the challenge to develop newly adapted functionalization techniques to further increase neuron electrode localization to avoid the positioning of cells out of the recording area. Here, we present a simple and straightforward chemical functionalization method that leads to the precise and exclusive positioning of the neural cell bodies onto modified electrodes and inhibits, at the same time, cellular adhesion in the surrounding insulator areas. Different from other approaches, this technique does not require any adhesion molecule as well as complex patterning technique such as μ-contact printing. The functionalization was first optimized on gold (Au) and silicon nitride (Si3N4)-patterned surfaces. The procedure consisted of the introduction of a passivating layer of hydrophobic silane molecules (propyltriethoxysilane [PTES]) followed by a treatment of the Au surface using 11-amino-1-undecanethiol hydrochloride (AT). On model substrates, well-ordered neural networks and an optimal coupling between a single neuron and single micrometric functionalized Au surface were achieved. In addition, we presented the preliminary results of this functionalization method directly applied on a CMOS-MEA: the electrical spontaneous spiking and bursting activities of the network recorded for up to 4 weeks demonstrate an excellent and stable neural adhesion and functional behavior comparable with what expected using a standard adhesion factor, such as polylysine or laminin, thus demonstrating that this procedure can be considered a good starting point to develop alternatives to the traditional chip coatings to provide selective and specific neuron-substrate adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Berdondini
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccione
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Department of Nanophysics, ‡Department of Nanochemistry, and §Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Forró C, Weydert S, Thompson-Steckel G, Vörös J, Demkó L. “Brains on a chip”: Towards engineered neural networks. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Krishna KV, Ghosh S, Sharma B, Singh L, Mukherjee S, Verma S. Fluorescent Biotin Analogues for Microstructure Patterning and Selective Protein Immobilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12573-12578. [PMID: 26559028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl substitution on ureido nitrogens of biotin led to manifestation of aggregation-induced emission, which was studied by steady-state fluorescence, microscopy, and TD-DFT, providing a rationale into the observed photophysical behavior. Besides exhibiting solvatochromism, the biotin derivatives revealed emission peaks centered at ∼430 and 545 nm, which has been attributed to the π-π stacking interactions. Our TD-DFT results also correlate the spectroscopic data and quantify the nature of transitions involved. The isothermal titration calorimetry data substantiates that the binding of the biotin derivatives with avidin are pretty strong. These derivatives on lithographic patterning present a platform for site specific strept(avidin) immobilization, thus opening avenues for potential applications exploiting these interactions. The fluorescent biotin derivatives can thus find applications in cellular biology and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, IISER-Bhopal , Bhopal-462066 Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Wang C, Hamid Q, Snyder J, Ayan H, Sun W. Localized surface functionalization of polycaprolactone with atmospheric-pressure microplasma jet. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/1/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Li P, Greben K, Wördenweber R, Simon U, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Tuning neuron adhesion and neurite guiding using functionalized AuNPs and backfill chemistry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06901g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are used to investigate the dependence of neuron adhesion on the density of cell binding sites and particle backfill. Neurons viability and neurite development depend differently on cell attractive and cell repellant surface cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinggui Li
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
- JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
| | - Kyrylo Greben
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
- JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
| | - Roger Wördenweber
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
- JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
- JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
- JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-8) and Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
- JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology
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Erdman N, Schmidt L, Qin W, Yang X, Lin Y, DeSilva MN, Gao BZ. Microfluidics-based laser cell-micropatterning system. Biofabrication 2014; 6:035025. [PMID: 25190714 PMCID: PMC4354940 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/3/035025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to place individual cells into an engineered microenvironment in a cell-culture model is critical for the study of in vivo relevant cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Microfluidics provides a high-throughput modality to inject various cell types into a microenvironment. Laser guided systems provide the high spatial and temporal resolution necessary for single-cell micropatterning. Combining these two techniques, the authors designed, constructed, tested and evaluated (1) a novel removable microfluidics-based cell-delivery biochip and (2) a combined system that uses the novel biochip coupled with a laser guided cell-micropatterning system to place individual cells into both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) arrays. Cell-suspensions of chick forebrain neurons and glial cells were loaded into their respective inlet reservoirs and traversed the microfluidic channels until reaching the outlet ports. Individual cells were trapped and guided from the outlet of a microfluidic channel to a target site on the cell-culture substrate. At the target site, 2D and 3D pattern arrays were constructed with micron-level accuracy. Single-cell manipulation was accomplished at a rate of 150 μm s(-1) in the radial plane and 50 μm s(-1) in the axial direction of the laser beam. Results demonstrated that a single-cell can typically be patterned in 20-30 s, and that highly accurate and reproducible cellular arrays and systems can be achieved through coupling the microfluidics-based cell-delivery biochip with the laser guided system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Erdman
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Lucas Schmidt
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Wan Qin
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Yongliang Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Implantable Medical Devices, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Mauris N DeSilva
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Clemson University, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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18
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Rizzo DJ, White JD, Spedden E, Wiens MR, Kaplan DL, Atherton TJ, Staii C. Neuronal growth as diffusion in an effective potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:042707. [PMID: 24229213 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.042707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of neuronal growth is mostly qualitative, as the staggering number of physical and chemical guidance cues involved prohibit a fully quantitative description of axonal dynamics. We report on a general approach that describes axonal growth in vitro, on poly-D-lysine-coated glass substrates, as diffusion in an effective external potential, representing the collective contribution of all causal influences on the growth cone. We use this approach to obtain effective growth rules that reveal an emergent regulatory mechanism for axonal pathfinding on these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rizzo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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19
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Edwards D, Stancescu M, Molnar P, Hickman JJ. Two cell circuits of oriented adult hippocampal neurons on self-assembled monolayers for use in the study of neuronal communication in a defined system. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1174-82. [PMID: 23611164 PMCID: PMC3750684 DOI: 10.1021/cn300206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the directed formation of small circuits of electrically active, synaptically connected neurons derived from the hippocampus of adult rats through the use of engineered chemically modified culture surfaces that orient the polarity of the neuronal processes. Although synaptogenesis, synaptic communication, synaptic plasticity, and brain disease pathophysiology can be studied using brain slice or dissociated embryonic neuronal culture systems, the complex elements found in neuronal synapses makes specific studies difficult in these random cultures. The study of synaptic transmission in mature adult neurons and factors affecting synaptic transmission are generally studied in organotypic cultures, in brain slices, or in vivo. However, engineered neuronal networks would allow these studies to be performed instead on simple functional neuronal circuits derived from adult brain tissue. Photolithographic patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to create the two-cell "bidirectional polarity" circuit patterns. This pattern consisted of a cell permissive SAM, N-1[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] diethylenetriamine (DETA), and was composed of two 25 μm somal adhesion sites connected with 5 μm lines acting as surface cues for guided axonal and dendritic regeneration. Surrounding the DETA pattern was a background of a non-cell-permissive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) SAM. Adult hippocampal neurons were first cultured on coverslips coated with DETA monolayers and were later passaged onto the PEG-DETA bidirectional polarity patterns in serum-free medium. These neurons followed surface cues, attaching and regenerating only along the DETA substrate to form small engineered neuronal circuits. These circuits were stable for more than 21 days in vitro (DIV), during which synaptic connectivity was evaluated using basic electrophysiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Edwards
- Nanoscience Technology
Center, University of Central Florida,
12424 United States
Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard,
Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Maria Stancescu
- Nanoscience Technology
Center, University of Central Florida,
12424 United States
Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Peter Molnar
- Nanoscience Technology
Center, University of Central Florida,
12424 United States
Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Department of Zoology, University of West Hungary, Szombathely H-9700, Hungary
| | - James J. Hickman
- Nanoscience Technology
Center, University of Central Florida,
12424 United States
Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard,
Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
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20
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Spedden E, Staii C. Neuron biomechanics probed by atomic force microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16124-40. [PMID: 23921683 PMCID: PMC3759903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical interactions play a key role in many processes associated with neuronal growth and development. Over the last few years there has been significant progress in our understanding of the role played by the substrate stiffness in neuronal growth, of the cell-substrate adhesion forces, of the generation of traction forces during axonal elongation, and of the relationships between the neuron soma elastic properties and its health. The particular capabilities of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), such as high spatial resolution, high degree of control over the magnitude and orientation of the applied forces, minimal sample damage, and the ability to image and interact with cells in physiologically relevant conditions make this technique particularly suitable for measuring mechanical properties of living neuronal cells. This article reviews recent advances on using the AFM for studying neuronal biomechanics, provides an overview about the state-of-the-art measurements, and suggests directions for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Spedden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA; E-Mail:
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21
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Kim HN, Jiao A, Hwang NS, Kim MS, Kang DH, Kim DH, Suh KY. Nanotopography-guided tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:536-58. [PMID: 22921841 PMCID: PMC5444877 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are intricate ensembles of multiple cell types embedded in complex and well-defined structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The organization of ECM is frequently hierarchical from nano to macro, with many proteins forming large scale structures with feature sizes up to several hundred microns. Inspired from these natural designs of ECM, nanotopography-guided approaches have been increasingly investigated for the last several decades. Results demonstrate that the nanotopography itself can activate tissue-specific function in vitro as well as promote tissue regeneration in vivo upon transplantation. In this review, we provide an extensive analysis of recent efforts to mimic functional nanostructures in vitro for improved tissue engineering and regeneration of injured and damaged tissues. We first characterize the role of various nanostructures in human tissues with respect to each tissue-specific function. Then, we describe various fabrication methods in terms of patterning principles and material characteristics. Finally, we summarize the applications of nanotopography to various tissues, which are classified into four types depending on their functions: protective, mechano-sensitive, electro-active, and shear stress-sensitive tissues. Some limitations and future challenges are briefly discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nam Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Chemical Processing, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kang
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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22
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Photopatterning of self-assembled poly (ethylene) glycol monolayer for neuronal network fabrication. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 213:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Gilles S, Winter S, Michael KE, Meffert SH, Li P, Greben K, Simon U, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Control of cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth by patterned gold nanoparticles with tunable attractive or repulsive surface properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3357-67. [PMID: 22826008 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Guiding of neuronal cells on surfaces is required for the investigation of fundamental aspects of neurobiology, for tissue engineering, and for numerous bioelectronic applications. A modular method to establish nanostructured chemical templates for local deposition of gold nanoparticles is presented. A process comprising nanoimprint lithography, silanization, lift-off, and gold nanoparticle immobilization is used to fabricate the particle patterns. The chemical composition of the surface can be modified by in situ adsorption of cell-binding ligands to locally addressed particles. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by inverting the binding affinity between rat cortical neurons and nanopatterned surfaces via wet-chemical means and thereby reversing the pattern of guided neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gilles
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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24
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Beighley R, Spedden E, Sekeroglu K, Atherton T, Demirel MC, Staii C. Neuronal alignment on asymmetric textured surfaces. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2012; 101:143701. [PMID: 23112350 PMCID: PMC3477179 DOI: 10.1063/1.4755837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Axonal growth and the formation of synaptic connections are key steps in the development of the nervous system. Here, we present experimental and theoretical results on axonal growth and interconnectivity in order to elucidate some of the basic rules that neuronal cells use for functional connections with one another. We demonstrate that a unidirectional nanotextured surface can bias axonal growth. We perform a systematic investigation of neuronal processes on asymmetric surfaces and quantify the role that biomechanical surface cues play in neuronal growth. These results represent an important step towards engineering directed axonal growth for neuro-regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Beighley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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25
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Spedden E, White J, Naumova E, Kaplan D, Staii C. Elasticity maps of living neurons measured by combined fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2012; 103:868-77. [PMID: 23009836 PMCID: PMC3433610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of mechanical parameters such as cell elasticity, stiffness of the growth substrate, or traction stresses generated during axonal extensions is essential for understanding the mechanisms that control neuronal growth. Here, we combine atomic force microscopy-based force spectroscopy with fluorescence microscopy to produce systematic, high-resolution elasticity maps for three different types of live neuronal cells: cortical (embryonic rat), embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion, and P-19 (mouse embryonic carcinoma stem cells) neurons. We measure how the stiffness of neurons changes both during neurite outgrowth and upon disruption of microtubules of the cell. We find reversible local stiffening of the cell during growth, and show that the increase in local elastic modulus is primarily due to the formation of microtubules. We also report that cortical and P-19 neurons have similar elasticity maps, with elastic moduli in the range 0.1-2 kPa, with typical average values of 0.4 kPa (P-19) and 0.2 kPa (cortical). In contrast, dorsal root ganglion neurons are stiffer than P-19 and cortical cells, yielding elastic moduli in the range 0.1-8 kPa, with typical average values of 0.9 kPa. Finally, we report no measurable influence of substrate protein coating on cell body elasticity for the three types of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Spedden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - James D. White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Elena N. Naumova
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
- Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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26
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Bovine serum albumin film as a template for controlled nanopancake and nanobubble formation: in situ atomic force microscopy and nanolithography study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:213-9. [PMID: 22341519 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Air nanobubbles and nanopancakes were investigated in situ by both tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM AFM) and atomic force nanolithography techniques employing bovine serum albumin (BSA) film supported by highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The BSA denaturation induced by the water-to-ethanol exchange served for conservation of nanobubble and nanopancake sites appearing as imprints in BSA film left by gaseous cavities formerly present on the interface in the aqueous environment. Once the BSA film was gently removed by the nanoshaving technique applied in ethanol, a clean basal plane HOPG area with well-defined dimensions was regenerated. The subsequent reverse ethanol-to-water exchange led to the re-formation of nanopancakes specifically at the nanoshaved area. Our approach paves the way for the study of gaseous nanostructures with defined dimensions, formed at solid-liquid interface under controlled conditions.
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27
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Cooper A, Zhong C, Kinoshita Y, Morrison RS, Rolandi M, Zhang M. Self-assembled chitin nanofiber templates for artificial neural networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Lamour G, Souès S, Hamraoui A. Interplay between long- and short-range interactions drives neuritogenesis on stiff surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:598-606. [PMID: 21953886 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Substrate factors such as surface energy distribution can affect cell functions, such as neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. However, the surface effects that trigger such cell responses need to be clarified and analyzed. Here we show that the total surface tension is not a critical parameter. Self-assembled monolayers of alkylsiloxanes on glass were used as culture substrates. By changing the nanoscale structure and ordering of the monolayer, we designed surfaces with a range of dispersive (γ(d) ) and nondispersive (γ(nd) ) potentials, but with a similar value for total free-energy (50 ≤ γ(d) + γ(nd) ≤ 55 mN m⁻¹). When seeded on surfaces displaying γ(d) /γ(nd) ≤ 3.7, PC12 cells underwent low level of neuritogenesis. On surfaces exhibiting γ(d) /γ(nd) ≥ 5.4, neurite outgrowth was greatly enhanced and apparent by only 24 h of culture in absence of nerve growth-factor treatment. These data indicate how the spatial distribution of surface potentials may control neuritogenesis, thus providing a new criterion to address nerve regeneration issues on rigid biocompatible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lamour
- UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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29
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A biofunctionalization scheme for neural interfaces using polydopamine polymer. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Kolivoška V, Gál M, Lachmanová Š, Janda P, Sokolová R, Hromadová M. Nanoshaving of bovine serum albumin films adsorbed on monocrystalline surfaces and interfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2011080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We apply the ex situ and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoshaving technique to investigate the bovine serum albumin (BSA) films on Au(111) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. The both substrates were found to support the BSA films. The section analysis performed before and after the AFM nanoshaving allowed the determination of the film thickness. On Au(111) surface, both ex situ and in situ nanoshaving revealed that the film is formed by strongly denatured BSA molecules, with the average thickness 2.3 ± 0.2 and 2.0 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. On the other hand, the HOPG substrate was found to support less denatured BSA films, with the average film thickness 4.7 ± 0.3 and 5.2 ± 0.3 nm, based on the ex situ and in situ measurements, respectively.
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31
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Franze K. Atomic force microscopy and its contribution to understanding the development of the nervous system. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:530-7. [PMID: 21840706 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While our understanding of the influence of biochemical signaling on cell functioning is increasing rapidly, the consequences of mechanical signaling are currently poorly understood. However, cells of the nervous system respond to their mechanical environment; their mechanosensitivity has important implications for development and disease. Atomic force microscopy provides a powerful technique to investigate the mechanical interaction of cells with their environment with high resolution. This method can be used to obtain high-resolution surface topographies, stiffness maps, and apply well-defined forces to samples at different length scales. This review summarizes recent advances of atomic force microscopy, provides an overview about state-of-the-art measurements, and suggests directions for future applications to investigate the involvement of mechanics in the development of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Franze
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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32
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Yu M, Huang Y, Ballweg J, Shin H, Huang M, Savage DE, Lagally MG, Dent EW, Blick RH, Williams JC. Semiconductor nanomembrane tubes: three-dimensional confinement for controlled neurite outgrowth. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2447-57. [PMID: 21366271 PMCID: PMC3664647 DOI: 10.1021/nn103618d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In many neural culture studies, neurite migration on a flat, open surface does not reflect the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment in vivo. With that in mind, we fabricated arrays of semiconductor tubes using strained silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanomembranes and employed them as a cell culture substrate for primary cortical neurons. Our experiments show that the SiGe substrate and the tube fabrication process are biologically viable for neuron cells. We also observe that neurons are attracted by the tube topography, even in the absence of adhesion factors, and can be guided to pass through the tubes during outgrowth. Coupled with selective seeding of individual neurons close to the tube opening, growth within a tube can be limited to a single axon. Furthermore, the tube feature resembles the natural myelin, both physically and electrically, and it is possible to control the tube diameter to be close to that of an axon, providing a confined 3D contact with the axon membrane and potentially insulating it from the extracellular solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ; ;
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ; ;
| | - Jason Ballweg
- Department of Anatomy University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hyuncheol Shin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Minghuang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Donald E. Savage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Max G. Lagally
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erik W. Dent
- Department of Anatomy University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert H. Blick
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Justin C. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ; ;
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33
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Staii C, Viesselman C, Ballweg J, Hart S, Williams JC, Dent EW, Coppersmith SN, Eriksson M. Controlling Neuronal Growth on Au Surfaces by Directed Assembly of Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-1236-ss01-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStudying how individual neuronal cells grow and interact with each other is of fundamental importance for understanding the functions of the nervous system. However, the mechanism of axonal navigation to their target region and their specific interactions with guidance factors such as membrane-bound proteins, chemical and temperature gradients, mechanical guidance cues, etc. are not well understood. Here we describe a new approach for controlling the adhesion, growth and interconnectivity of cortical neurons on Au surfaces. Specifically, we use Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) nanolithography to immobilize growth-factor proteins at well-defined locations on Au surfaces. These surface-immobilized proteins act as a) adhesion proteins for neuronal cells (i.e. well-defined locations where the cells “stick” to the surface), and b) promoters/inhibitors for the growth of neurites. Our results show that protein patterns can be used to confine neuronal cells and to control their growth and interconnectivity on Au surfaces. We also show that AFM nanolithography presents unique advantages for this type of work, such as high degree of control over location and shape of the protein patterns, and application of proteins in aqueous solutions (protein buffers), such that the proteins are very likely to retain their folding conformation/bioactivity.
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34
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Staii C, Viesselmann C, Ballweg J, Williams JC, Dent EW, Coppersmith SN, Eriksson MA. Distance dependence of neuronal growth on nanopatterned gold surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:233-9. [PMID: 21121598 DOI: 10.1021/la102331x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding network development in the brain is of tremendous fundamental importance, but it is immensely challenging because of the complexity of both its architecture and function. The mechanisms of axonal navigation to target regions and the specific interactions with guidance factors such as membrane-bound proteins, chemical gradients, mechanical guidance cues, etc., are largely unknown. A current limitation for the study of neural network formation is the ability to control precisely the connectivity of small groups of neurons. A first step in designing such networks is to understand the "rules" central nervous system (CNS) neurons use to form functional connections with one another. Here we begin to delineate novel rules for growth and connectivity of small numbers of neurons patterned on Au substrates in simplified geometries. These studies yield new insights into the mechanisms determining the organizational features present in intact systems. We use a previously reported atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanolithography method to control precisely the location and growth of neurons on these surfaces. By examining a series of systems with different geometrical parameters, we quantitatively and systematically analyze how neuronal growth depends on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Staii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.
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35
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Lamour G, Eftekhari-Bafrooei A, Borguet E, Souès S, Hamraoui A. Neuronal adhesion and differentiation driven by nanoscale surface free-energy gradients. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3762-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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