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Berger MB, Bosh K, Deng J, Jacobs TW, Cohen DJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Wnt16 Increases Bone-to-Implant Contact in an Osteopenic Rat Model by Increasing Proliferation and Regulating the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1744-1762. [PMID: 38517621 PMCID: PMC11082046 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Osseointegration is a complex biological cascade that regulates bone regeneration after implant placement. Implants possessing complex multiscale surface topographies augment this regenerative process through the regulation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) that are in contact with the implant surface. One pathway regulating osteoblastic differentiation is Wnt signaling, and upregulation of non-canonical Wnts increases differentiation of MSCs on these titanium substrates. Wnt16 is a non-canonical Wnt shown to regulate bone morphology in mouse models. This study evaluated the role of Wnt16 during surface-mediated osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates with different surface properties and non-canonical Wnt expression was determined. Subsequently, MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates +/-Wnt16 (100 ng/mL) and anti-Wnt16 antibodies (2 μg/mL). Wnt16 expression was increased in cells grown on microrough surfaces that were processed to be hydrophilic and have nanoscale roughness. However, treatment MSCs on these surfaces with exogenous rhWnt16b increased total DNA content and osteoprotegerin production, but reduced osteoblastic differentiation and production of local factors necessary for osteogenesis. Addition of anti-Wnt16 antibodies blocked the inhibitor effects of Wnt16. The response to Wnt16 was likely independent of other osteogenic pathways like Wnt11-Wnt5a signaling and semaphorin 3a signaling. We used an established rat model of cortical and trabecular femoral bone impairment following botox injections (2 injections of 8 units/leg each, starting and maintenance doses) to assess Wnt16 effects on whole bone morphology and implant osseointegration. Wnt16 injections did not alter whole bone morphology significantly (BV/TV, cortical thickness, restoration of trabecular bone) but were effective at increasing cortical bone-to-implant contact during impaired osseointegration in the botox model. The mechanical quality of the increased bone was not sufficient to rescue the deleterious effects of botox. Clinically, these results are important to understand the interaction of cortical and trabecular bone during implant integration. They suggest a role for Wnt16 in modulating bone remodeling by reducing osteoclastic activity. Targeted strategies to temporally regulate Wnt16 after implant placement could be used to improve osseointegration by increasing the net pool of osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Kyla Bosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Thomas W Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - D Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Lima JHCD, Robbs PCM, Tude EMO, De Aza PN, Costa EMD, Scarano A, Prados-Frutos JC, Fernandes GVO, Gehrke SA. Fibroblasts and osteoblasts behavior after contact with different titanium surfaces used as implant abutment: An in vitro experimental study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25038. [PMID: 38322837 PMCID: PMC10844044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this in vitro study was to compare three different surfaces: two types of implant surfaces commercially available ([a] smooth/machined and [b] acid-treated surface) versus (c) anodized surface. Discs were manufactured with commercially pure titanium (CP) grade IV, which were subsequently analyzed by scanning microscopy and fibroblastic and osteoblastic cell cultures. Methods Ninety-nine discs (5 × 2 mm) were manufactured in titanium grade IV and received different surface treatments: (i) Mach group: machined; (ii) AA group: double acid etch; and (iii) AN group: anodizing treatment. Three discs from each group were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain surface topography images and qualitatively analyzed by EDS. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts and pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 lineage) were used to investigate each group's biological response (n = 10/cellular type). The data were compared statistically using the ANOVA one-way test, considered as a statistically significant difference p < 0.05. Results The AA group had numerous micropores with diameters between 5 and 10 μm, while nanopores between 1 and 5 nm were measured in the AN group. The EDX spectrum showed a high titanium concentration in all the analyzed samples. The contact angle and wetting tension were higher in the AA, whereas similar results were observed for the other groups. A lower result was observed for base width in the AA, which was higher in the other two groups. The AN showed the best values in the fibroblast cells, followed by Mach and AA; whereas, in the culture of the MC3T3 cells, the result was precisely the opposite (AA > Mach > AN). There was similar behavior for cell adhesion for the test groups (Mach and AN), with greater adhesion of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts compared to MC3T3 cells; in the AA group, there was greater adherence for MC3T3 cells compared to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Conclusions The findings suggest that different surface characteristics can produce different biological responses, possibly cell-line dependent. These findings have important implications for the design of implantable medical devices, where the surface characteristics can significantly impact its biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piedad N. De Aza
- Instituto de Bioingenieria, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eleani Maria da Costa
- Department of Materials Engineering, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Instituto de Bioingenieria, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
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3
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Shu T, Wang X, Li M, Ma S, Cao J, Sun G, Lai T, Liu S, Li A, Qu Z, Pei D. Nanoscaled Titanium Oxide Layer Provokes Quick Osseointegration on 3D-Printed Dental Implants: A Domino Effect Induced by Hydrophilic Surface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:783-797. [PMID: 38117950 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is a revolutionary strategy to fabricate dental implants. Especially, 3D-printed dental implants modified with nanoscaled titanium oxide layer (H-SLM) have impressively shown quick osseointegration, but the accurate mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we unmask a domino effect that the hydrophilic surface of the H-SLM facilitates blood wetting, enhances the blood shear rate, promotes blood clotting, and changes clot features for quick osseointegration. Combining computational fluid dynamic simulation and biological verification, we find a blood shear rate during blood wetting of the hydrophilic H-SLM 1.2-fold higher than that of the raw 3D-printed implant, which activates blood clot formation. Blood clots formed on the hydrophilic H-SLM demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-osteogenesis effects, leading to a 1.5-fold higher bone-to-implant contact and a 1.8-fold higher mechanical anchorage at the early stage of osseointegration. This mechanism deepens current knowledge between osseointegration speed and implant surface characteristics, which is instructive in surface nanoscaled modification of multiple 3D-printed intrabony implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Shu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shaoyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tao Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shaobao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiguo Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Huang X, Li Y, Liao H, Luo X, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Xiang Q. Research Advances on Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promoting the Reconstruction of Alveolar Bone through RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040193. [PMID: 37103283 PMCID: PMC10145790 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal bone tissue defects and bone shortages are the most familiar and troublesome clinical problems in the oral cavity. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have biological properties similar to their sources, and they could be a promising acellular therapy to assist with periodontal osteogenesis. In the course of alveolar bone remodeling, the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is an important pathway involved in bone metabolism. This article summarizes the experimental studies of SC-EVs applied for the therapy of periodontal osteogenesis recently and explores the role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway in their mechanism of action. Their unique patterns will open a new field of vision for people, and they will help to advance a possible future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yueping Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiying Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Orłowska A, Szewczenko J, Kajzer W, Goldsztajn K, Basiaga M. Study of the Effect of Anodic Oxidation on the Corrosion Properties of the Ti6Al4V Implant Produced from SLM. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040191. [PMID: 37103281 PMCID: PMC10145819 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive technologies allowed for the development of medicine and implantology, enabling the production of personalized and highly porous implants. Although implants of this type are used clinically, they are usually only heat treated. Surface modification using electrochemical methods can significantly improve the biocompatibility of biomaterials used for implants, including printed ones. The study examined the effect of anodizing oxidation on the biocompatibility of a porous implant made of Ti6Al4V by the SLM method. The study used a proprietary spinal implant intended for the treatment of discopathy in the c4–c5 section. As part of the work, the manufactured implant was assessed in terms of compliance with the requirements for implants (structure testing—metallography) and the accuracy of the pores produced (pore size and porosity). The samples were subjected to surface modification using anodic oxidation. The research was carried out for 6 weeks in in vitro conditions. Surface topographies and corrosion properties (corrosion potential, ion release) were compared for unmodified and anodically oxidized samples. The tests showed no effect of anodic oxidation on the surface topography and improved corrosion properties. Anodic oxidation stabilized the corrosion potential and limited the release of ions to the environment.
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6
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Deng J, Cohen DJ, Berger MB, Sabalewski EL, McClure MJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in a Botox-Induced Muscle Paralysis Rat Model Is Sensitive to Surface Topography and Semaphorin 3A Treatment. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010093. [PMID: 36975323 PMCID: PMC10046785 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced skeletal loading associated with many conditions, such as neuromuscular injuries, can lead to bone fragility and may threaten the success of implant therapy. Our group has developed a botulinum toxin A (botox) injection model to imitate disease-reduced skeletal loading and reported that botox dramatically impaired the bone formation and osseointegration of titanium implants. Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) is an osteoprotective factor that increases bone formation and inhibits bone resorption, indicating its potential therapeutic role in improving osseointegration in vivo. We first evaluated the sema3A effect on whole bone morphology following botox injections by delivering sema3A via injection. We then evaluated the sema3A effect on the osseointegration of titanium implants with two different surface topographies by delivering sema3A to cortical bone defect sites prepared for implant insertion and above the implants after insertion using a copper-free click hydrogel that polymerizes rapidly in situ. Implants had hydrophobic smooth surfaces (PT) or multiscale biomimetic micro/nano topography (SLAnano). Sema3A rescued the botox-impaired bone formation. Furthermore, biomimetic Ti implants improved the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and mechanical properties of the integrated bone in the botox-treated rats, which sema3A enhanced. This study demonstrated the value of biomimetic approaches combining multiscale topography and biologics in improving the clinical outcomes of implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- VCU DaVinci Center for Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - D. Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael B. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Eleanor L. Sabalewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-804-828-9866
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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7
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Wang H, Lai Y, Xie Z, Lin Y, Cai Y, Xu Z, Chen J. Graphene Oxide-Modified Concentric Microgrooved Titanium Surfaces for the Dual Effects of Osteogenesis and Antiosteoclastogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54500-54516. [PMID: 36454650 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification is an effective method to resolve the biocompatibility, mechanical, and functional issues of various titanium implant materials. Therefore, many researchers have modified the implant surface to promote the osseointegration of the implant and improve the implant survival rate. In this study, we used photolithography to construct concentric microgrooves with widths of 10 μm and depths of 10 μm, to produce an osteon-mimetic concentric microgrooved titanium surface that was further modified with graphene oxide by silanization (GO-CMS). The modified surface had great biocompatibility and promoted the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages. The concentric microgrooves on the titanium surface guided cell migration, altered actin cytoskeleton, and caused the cells to arrange in concentric circles. The titanium surface of the GO-modified osteon-mimetic concentric microgrooves promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited the osteoclastogenic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. Subsequently, we constructed an indirect coculture system and found that RAW264.7 cells cultured on a GO-CMS material surface in a BMSC-conditioned medium (BCM) decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) secretion and increased OPG secretion and also that the BCM inhibited osteoclastogenic differentiation. Additionally, the secretion of OSM increased in BMSCs cultured in RAW264.7-conditioned medium (RCM) in the GO-CMS group, which in turn promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In conclusion, the titanium surface of GO-modified osteon-mimetic concentric microgrooves had dual effects of osteogenesis and antiosteoclastogenesis under single and coculture conditions, which is beneficial for implant osseointegration and is a promising method for the future direction of surface modifications of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhen Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
| | - Yanyin Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
| | - Yihuang Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
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Shirazi S, Ravindran S, Cooper LF. Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121903. [PMID: 36410109 PMCID: PMC10148651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Effects of Different Titanium Surface Treatments on Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation of Bone Cells: An In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030143. [PMID: 36135578 PMCID: PMC9503392 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of different sandblasting procedures in acid etching of Ti6Al4V surfaces on osteoblast cell behavior, regarding various physicochemical and topographical parameters. Furthermore, differences in osteoblast cell behavior between cpTi and Ti6Al4V SA surfaces were evaluated. Sandblasting and subsequent acid etching of cpTi and Ti6Al4V discs was performed with Al2O3 grains of different sizes and with varying blasting pressures. The micro- and nano-roughness of the experimental SA surfaces were analyzed via confocal, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Surface free energy and friction coefficients were determined. hFOB 1.19 cells were seeded to evaluate adhesion, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation for up to 12 d via crystal violet assays, MTT assays, ALP activity assays and Alizarin Red staining assays. Differences in blasting procedures had significant impacts on surface macro- and micro-topography. The crystal violet assay revealed a significant inverse relationship between blasting grain size and hFOB cell growth after 7 days. This trend was also visible in the Alizarin Red assays staining after 12 d: there was significantly higher biomineralization visible in the group that was sandblasted with smaller grains (F180) when compared to standard-grain-size groups (F70). SA samples treated with reduced blasting pressure exhibited lower hFOB adhesion and growth capabilities at initial (2 h) and later time points for up to 7 days, when compared to the standard SA surface, even though micro-roughness and other relevant surface parameters were similar. Overall, etched-only surfaces consistently exhibited equivalent or higher adhesion, proliferation and differentiation capabilities when compared to all other sandblasted and etched surfaces. No differences were found between cpTi and Ti6Al4V SA surfaces. Subtle modifications in the blasting protocol for Ti6Al4V SA surfaces significantly affect the proliferative and differentiation behavior of human osteoblasts. Surface roughness parameters are not sufficient to predict osteoblast behavior on etched Ti6Al4V surfaces.
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10
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Omi M, Mishina Y. Roles of osteoclasts in alveolar bone remodeling. Genesis 2022; 60:e23490. [PMID: 35757898 PMCID: PMC9786271 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone, also called the alveolar process, is the part of the jawbone that holds the teeth and supports oral functions. It differs from other skeletal bones in several aspects: its embryonic cellular origin, the form of ossification, and the presence of teeth and periodontal tissues; hence, understanding the unique characteristic of the alveolar bone remodeling is important to maintain oral homeostasis. Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption is one of the prominent features of bone diseases in the jaw such as periodontitis. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive process has been the target of therapeutic intervention. Understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastic bone resorption is critical for the effective treatment of bone diseases in the jaw. In this review, we discuss basic principles of alveolar bone remodeling with a specific focus on the osteoclastic bone resorptive process and its unique functions in the alveolar bone. Lastly, we provide perspectives on osteoclast-targeted therapies and regenerative approaches associated with bone diseases in the jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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11
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Chen J, Cao G, Li L, Cai Q, Dunne N, Li X. Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35395651 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac65cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment - bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, X-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Guangxiu Cao
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Linhao Li
- Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
| | - Qiang Cai
- Tsinghua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 30 shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, D09, IRELAND
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, CHINA
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12
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Levin M, Spiro RC, Jain H, Falk MM. Effects of Titanium Implant Surface Topology on Bone Cell Attachment and Proliferation in vitro. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2022; 15:103-119. [PMID: 35502265 PMCID: PMC9056099 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s360297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Titanium is commonly used for implants because of its corrosion resistance and osseointegration capability. It is well known that surface topology affects the response of bone tissue towards implants. In vivo studies have shown that in weeks or months, bone tissue bonds more efficiently to titanium implants with rough surfaces compared to smooth surfaces. In addition, stimulating early endosseous integration increases the long-term stability of bone-implants and hence their clinical outcome. Here, we evaluated the response of human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells to flat and solid, compared to rough and porous surface topologies in vitro 1–6 days post seeding. We compared the morphology, proliferation, and attachment of cells onto three smooth surfaces: tissue culture (TC) plastic or microscope cover glasses, machined polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and machined solid titanium, to cells on a highly porous (average Ra 22.94 μm) plasma-sprayed titanium surface (composite Ti-PEEK spine implants). Methods We used immuno-fluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as Live/Dead and WST-1 cell proliferation assays. Results SEM analyses confirmed the rough topology of the titanium implant surface, compared to the smooth surface of PEEK, solid titanium, TC plastic and cover glasses. In addition, SEM analyses revealed that MG-63 cells seeded onto smooth surfaces (solid titanium, PEEK) adopted a flat, planar morphology, while cells on the rough titanium surface adopted an elongated morphology with numerous filopodial and lamellipodial extensions interacting with the substrate. Finally, IF analyses of focal adhesions (vinculin, focal adhesion kinase), as well as proliferation assays indicate that MG-63 cells adhere less and proliferate at a slower rate on the rough than on a smooth titanium surface. Conclusion These observations suggest that bone-forming osteoblasts adhere less strongly and proliferate slower on rough compared to smooth titanium surfaces, likely promoting cell differentiation, which is in agreement with other porous implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Department of Bioengineering, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Robert C Spiro
- Research and Development, Aesculap Implant Systems, LLC, Breinigsville, PA, 18031, USA
| | - Himanshu Jain
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
- Correspondence: Himanshu Jain; Matthias M Falk, Email ;
| | - Matthias M Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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13
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Yu X, Xu R, Zhang Z, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Yu X, Deng F. Different Cell and Tissue Behavior of Micro-/Nano-Tubes and Micro-/Nano-Nets Topographies on Selective Laser Melting Titanium to Enhance Osseointegration. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3329-3342. [PMID: 34012262 PMCID: PMC8128501 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Micro-/nano-tubes (TNTs) and micro-/nano-nets (TNNs) are the common and sensible choice in the first step of combined modifications of titanium surface for further functionalization in the purpose of extended indications and therapeutic effect. It is important to recognize the respective biologic reactions of these two substrates for guiding a biologically based first-step selection. Materials and Methods TNTs were produced by anodic oxidation and TNNs were formed by alkali-heat treatment. The original selective laser melting (SLM) titanium surface was set as control. Surface characterization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness, and water contact angle measurements. Osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis were measured. MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 cells were used for in vitro assay in terms of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In vivo assessments were taken on Beagle dogs with micro-CT and histological analysis. Results TNN and TNT groups performed decreased roughness and increased hydrophilicity compared with SLM group. For biological detections, the highest ALP activity and osteogenesis-related genes expression were observed in TNT group followed by TNN group (P <0.05). Interestingly, when it comes to the osteoclastogenesis, TNNs displayed lowest TRAP activity and osteoclastogenesis-related genes expression and TNTs were lower than SLM but higher than TNNs (P <0.05). BV/TV around implants was highest in TNT group after 4 weeks (P <0.05). HE, ALP and TRAP staining showed that osteogenic and osteoclastic activity around TNTs were both higher than TNNs (P <0.05). Conclusion TNNs and TNTs have dual advantages in promotion of osteogenesis and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, TNNs showed better capability in inhibiting osteoclast activity while TNTs facilitated stronger osteogenesis. Our results implied that TNT substrates would take advantage in early application after implantation, while diseases with inappropriate osteoclast activity would prefer TNN substrates, which will guide a biologically based first-step selection on combined modification for different clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruogu Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengchuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang L, Zhou W, Yu Z, Yu S, Zhou L, Cao Y, Dargusch M, Wang G. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Hierarchical Micro/Nanoporous Structure of a Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb Alloy after Surface Dealloying. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15017-15030. [PMID: 33764752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A process to dealloy a Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb (TLM) titanium alloy to create a porous surface structure has been reported in this paper aiming to enhance the bioactivity of the alloy. A simple nanoporous topography on the surface was produced through dealloying the as-solution treated TLM alloy. In contrast, dealloying the as-cold rolled alloy created a hierarchical micro/nanoporous topography. SEM and XPS were performed to characterize the topography and element chemistry of both porous structures. The roughness, hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were tested. The elements of Zr, Mo, Sn, and Nb were depleted at the nanoporous TLM surface with a diameter of 15.6 ± 2.3 nm. Dissolving the microscale α phase from the alloy surface contributed to the formation of the microscale grooves on the surface. The simple nanoporous topographical surface exhibited hydrophilicity and higher protein adsorption ability, which facilitated the early adhesion of osteoblasts compared with the hierarchical micro/nanoporous surface. On the other hand, the hierarchical micro/nanoporous surface improved cell proliferation and differentiation and still retained the contact guidance function, which implied good bonding for osseointegration. This research revealed the effect of phase composition on the surface morphology of dealloying titanium alloy and the synergistic effect of micron and nanometer topography on the function of osteoblasts. This paper therefore provides insights into the surface topological design of titanium-based biomaterials with improved biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Sen Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
- East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, PR China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Gui Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
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15
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Jiang P, Zhang Y, Hu R, Wang X, Lai Y, Rui G, Lin C. Hydroxyapatite-modified micro/nanostructured titania surfaces with different crystalline phases for osteoblast regulation. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1118-1129. [PMID: 33134605 PMCID: PMC7577196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface structures and physicochemical properties critically influence osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants. Previous studies have shown that the surface with both micro- and nanoscale roughness may provide multiple features comparable to cell dimensions and thus efficiently regulate cell-material interaction. However, less attention has been made to further optimize the physicochemical properties (e.g., crystalline phase) and to further improve the bioactivity of micro/nanostructured surfaces. Herein, micro/nanostructured titania surfaces with different crystalline phases (amorphous, anatase and anatase/rutile) were prepared and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods were deposited onto the as-prepared surfaces by a spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly method without greatly altering the initial multi-scale morphology and wettability. The effects of crystalline phase, chemical composition and wettability on osteoblast response were investigated. It is noted that all the micro/nanostructured surfaces with/without HA modification presented superamphiphilic. The activities of MC3T3-E1 cells suggested that the proliferation trend on the micro/nanostructured surfaces was greatly influenced by different crystalline phases, and the highest proliferation rate was obtained on the anatase/rutile surface, followed by the anatase; but the cell differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization were almost the same among them. After ultrathin HA modification on the micro/nanostructured surfaces with different crystalline phases, it exhibited similar proliferation trend as the original surfaces; however, the cell differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization were significantly improved. The results indicate that the introduction of ultrathin HA to the micro/nanostructured surfaces with optimized crystalline phase benefits cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation, which suggests a favorable biomimetic microenvironment and provides the potential for enhanced implant osseointegration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinliang Jiang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ren Hu
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiankuan Wang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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16
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Zhang Q, Sun Y, He C, Shi F, Cheng M. Fabrication of 3D Ordered Structures with Multiple Materials via Macroscopic Supramolecular Assembly. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002025. [PMID: 33304756 PMCID: PMC7709987 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Integration of diverse materials into 3D ordered structures is urgently required for advanced manufacture owing to increase in demand for high-performance products. Most additive manufacturing techniques mainly focus on simply combining different equipment, while interfacial binding of distinctive materials remains a fundamental problem. Increasing studies on macroscopic supramolecular assembly (MSA) have revealed efficient interfacial interactions based on multivalency of supramolecular interactions facilitated by a "flexible spacing coating." To demonstrate facile fabrication of 3D heterogeneous ordered structures, the combination of MSA and magnetic field-assisted alignment has been developed as a new methodology for in situ integration of a wide range of materials, including elastomer, resin, plastics, metal, and quartz glass, with modulus ranging from tens of MPa to over 70 GPa. Assembly of single material, coassembly of two to four distinctive materials, and 3D alignment of "bridge-like" and "cross-stacked" heterogeneous structures are demonstrated. This methodology has provided a new solution to mild and efficient assembly of multiple materials at the macroscopic scale, which holds promise for advanced fabrication in fields of tissue engineering, electronic devices, and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Chengzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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17
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de Oliveira PGFP, de Melo Soares MS, Silveira E Souza AMM, Taba M, Palioto DB, Messora MR, Ghiraldini B, Nunes FADS, de Souza SLS. Influence of nano-hydroxyapatite coating implants on gene expression of osteogenic markers and micro-CT parameters. An in vivo study in diabetic rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:682-694. [PMID: 32608088 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the response of a nano-hydroxyapatite coating implant through gene expression analysis (runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), osteocalcin (Oc), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (Rank), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (Rank-L), and osteoprotegerin (Opg)). Three-dimensional evaluation (percent bone volume (BV/TV); percent intersection surface (BIC); bone surface/volume ratio (BS/BV); and total porosity (To.Po)) were also analyzed. Mini implants were surgically placed in tibias of both healthy and diabetic rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 and 30 days. Evaluating all factors the relative expression of Rank showed that NANO surface presented the best results at 7 days (diabetic rats). Furthermore the levels of Runx2, Alp, Oc, and Opn suggest an increase in osteoblasts proliferation, especially in early stages of osseointegration. %BIC in healthy and diabetic (7 days) depicted statistically significant differences for NANO group. BV/TV, BS/BV and To.Po demonstrated higher values for NANO group in all evaluated time point and irrespective of systemic condition, but BS/BV 30 days (healthy rat) and 7 and 30 days (diabetic rat). Microtomographic and gene expression analyses have shown the benefits of nano-hydroxyapatite coated implants in promoting new bone formation in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Sales de Melo Soares
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Taba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ghiraldini
- Paulista University, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Anderson de Sousa Nunes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Surface Modification of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Anodic Oxidation and Its Effect on Osteoarticular Cell Proliferation. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This investigation describes the formation of crystalline nanotubes of titanium oxide on the surface of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy and its biological evaluation. The formation of nanotubes was performed by the anodic oxidation technique with a constant work potential of 60 V but with different anodizing times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min used to evaluate their effects on the characteristics of the nanotubes and their biological activity. A mixture of ethylene glycol, water, and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was used as the electrolytic fluid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to determine the morphology and crystalline nature of the nanotubes, showing a well-defined matrix of nanotubes of titanium oxide with a crystalline structure and a diameter in the range of 52.5 ± 5.13 to 95 ± 11.92 nm. In contrast, the XRD patterns showed an increase of defined peaks that directly correlated with treatment times. Moreover, in vitro assays using an innovative cell culture device demonstrated that the inner diameter of the nanotubes directly correlated with cell proliferation.
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19
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Lotz EM, Berger MB, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on microstructured titanium surfaces by semaphorin 3A. Bone 2020; 134:115260. [PMID: 32028017 PMCID: PMC7749709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant bone formation depends on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to colonize implant surfaces and differentiate into osteoblasts, but the precise mechanisms controlling this process remain unclear. In vitro, MSCs undergo osteoblastic differentiation on microstructured titanium (Ti) surfaces in the absence of exogenous media supplements and produce factors that promote osteogenesis while regulating osteoclast activity, including semaphorins. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) on surface-mediated osteoblastic differentiation and determine the hierarchy of this signaling cascade. Human MSCs were cultured on 15 mm grade 2 smooth (pretreatment, PT), hydrophobic-microrough (sand blasted/acid etched, SLA), hydrophilic-microrough Ti (mSLA) (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Expression of SEMA3A family proteins increased after 7 days of culture, and the increased expression in response to microstructured Ti was dependent on recognition of the surface by integrin α2β1. Exogenous Sema3A increased differentiation whereas differentiation was decreased in cells treated with a Sema3A antibody. Furthermore, Sema3A influenced the production of osteoprotegerin and osteopontin suggesting it as an important local regulator of bone remodeling. Inhibition of Wnt3A and Wnt5A revealed that activation of Sema3A occurs downstream of Wnt5A and may facilitate the translocation of β-catenin bypassing the canonical Wnt3A initiating signal associated with osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protein kinase C (PKC), and BMP receptors suggest that Sema3A could serve as a feedback mechanism for both Wnt5A and BMP2. Here, we show novel roles for Sema3A family proteins in the surface-dependent modulation of MSCs as well as important interactions with pathways known to be associated with osteoblastic differentiation. Moreover, their effects on bone remodeling markers have significant implications for peri-implant bone remodeling and downstream modulation of osteoclastic activity. These results suggest that Sema3A aids in peri-implant bone formation through regulation on multiple stages of osseointegration, making it a potential target to promote osseointegration in patients with compromised bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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20
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Lotz EM, Lohmann CH, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Bisphosphonates inhibit surface-mediated osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1774-1786. [PMID: 32276287 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) target osteoclasts, slowing bone resorption thus providing rationale to support osseointegration. However, BPs may negatively affect osteoblasts, impairing peri-implant bone formation. The goal of this study was to assess the effects BPs have on surface-mediated osteogenesis of osteoblasts. MG63 cells were cultured on 15-mm grade 2 titanium disks: smooth, hydrophobic-microrough, or hydrophilic-microrough (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland). Tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) was used as a control. At confluence, cells were treated with 0, 10-8 , 10-7 , and 10-6 M of alendronate, zoledronate, or ibandronate for 24 hr. Sprague Dawley rats were also treated with 1 μg/kg/day ibandronate or phosphate-buffered saline control for 5 weeks. Calvarial osteoblasts (rat osteoblasts [rOBs]) were isolated, characterized, and cultured on surfaces. Osteogenic markers in the media were quantified using ELISAs. BP treatment reduced osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, prostaglandin E2 , transforming growth factor β1, interleukin 10, and vascular endothelial growth factor in MG63 cells. The effect was more robust on rough surfaces, and higher concentrations of BPs stunted production to TCPS/PT levels. Ibandronate conditioned rOBs produced less osteogenic markers similar to direct BP treatment. These results suggest that BP exposure jeopardizes the pro-osteogenic response osteoblasts have to microstructured surfaces. Their effects persist in vivo and negatively condition osteoblast response in vitro. Clinically, BPs could compromise osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Lotz EM, Cohen DJ, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Titanium implant surface properties enhance osseointegration in ovariectomy induced osteoporotic rats without pharmacologic intervention. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:374-387. [PMID: 31953969 PMCID: PMC7771214 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determined whether implant surfaces that promote osseointegration in normal rats can promote osseointegration in osteoporotic rats without pharmacologic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virgin female 8-month-old CD Sprague Dawley rats (N = 25) were ovariectomized. At 6 weeks, microstructured/non-nanostructured/hydrophobic, microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophobic, or microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophilic Ti implants (Ø2.5 × 3.5 mm; Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were placed in the distal metaphysis of each femur. At 28 days, bone quality and implant osseointegration were assessed using microCT, histomorphometrics, and removal torque values (RTVs). Calvarial osteoblasts were isolated and cultured for 7 days on Ø15 mm Ti disks processed to exhibit similar surface characteristics as the implants used for the in vivo studies. The phenotype was assessed by measuring the production of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, BMP2, VEGF, and RANKL. RESULTS Microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophilic implants promoted increased bone-to-implant contact and RTVs in vivo and increased osteoblastic marker production in vitro compared to microstructured/non-nanostructured/hydrophobic and microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophobic implants, suggesting that osseointegration occurs in osteoporotic animals, and implant surface properties improve its rate. CONCLUSIONS Although all modified implants were able to osseointegrate in rats with OVX-induced osteoporosis without pharmacologic intervention, the degree of osseointegration was greater around microstructured/nanostructured/hydrophilic implant surfaces. These results suggest that when appropriate microstructure is present, hydrophilicity has a greater influence on Ti implant osseointegration compared to nanostructures. Moreover, modified implant surfaces can exert their control over the altered bone turnover observed in osteoporotic patients to stimulate functional osseointegration. These results provide critical insight for developing implants with improved osseointegration in patients with metabolic disorders of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M. Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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22
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Hasegawa M, Saruta J, Hirota M, Taniyama T, Sugita Y, Kubo K, Ishijima M, Ikeda T, Maeda H, Ogawa T. A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030783. [PMID: 31991761 PMCID: PMC7036846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium implants are the standard therapeutic option when restoring missing teeth and reconstructing fractured and/or diseased bone. However, in the 30 years since the advent of micro-rough surfaces, titanium’s ability to integrate with bone has not improved significantly. We developed a method to create a unique titanium surface with distinct roughness features at meso-, micro-, and nano-scales. We sought to determine the biological ability of the surface and optimize it for better osseointegration. Commercially pure titanium was acid-etched with sulfuric acid at different temperatures (120, 130, 140, and 150 °C). Although only the typical micro-scale compartmental structure was formed during acid-etching at 120 and 130 °C, meso-scale spikes (20–50 μm wide) and nano-scale polymorphic structures as well as micro-scale compartmental structures formed exclusively at 140 and 150 °C. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the three-scale rough surface was 6–12 times greater than that with micro-roughness only, and did not compromise the initial attachment and spreading of osteoblasts despite its considerably increased surface roughness. The new surface promoted osteoblast differentiation and in vivo osseointegration significantly; regression analysis between osteoconductivity and surface variables revealed these effects were highly correlated with the size and density of meso-scale spikes. The overall strength of osseointegration was the greatest when the acid-etching was performed at 140 °C. Thus, we demonstrated that our meso-, micro-, and nano-scale rough titanium surface generates substantially increased osteoconductive and osseointegrative ability over the well-established micro-rough titanium surface. This novel surface is expected to be utilized in dental and various types of orthopedic surgical implants, as well as titanium-based bone engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hasegawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-46-822-9537
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniyama
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1 Shinyamashita, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-8682, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kubo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishijima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (M.I.); (T.I.)
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23
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Das S, Dholam K, Gurav S, Bendale K, Ingle A, Mohanty B, Chaudhari P, Bellare JR. Accentuated osseointegration in osteogenic nanofibrous coated titanium implants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17638. [PMID: 31819073 PMCID: PMC6901521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchoring of endosseous implant through osseointegration continues to be an important clinical need. Here, we describe the development of superior endosseous implant demonstrating enhance osseointegration, achieved through surface modification via coating of osteogenic nanofibres. The randomized bio-composite osteogenic nanofibres incorporating polycaprolactone, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, dexamethasone, beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid were electrospun on titanium implants mimicking bone extracellular matrix and subsequently induced osteogenesis by targeting undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells present in the peri-implant niche to regenerate osseous tissue. In proof-of-concept experiment on rabbit study models (n = 6), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical testing in relation to our novel osteogenic nanofibrous coated implants showed improved results when compared to uncoated controls. Further, no pathological changes were detected during gross examination and necropsy on peri-implant osseous tissues regenerated in response to such coated implants. The findings of the present study confirm that osteogenic nanofibrous coating significantly increases the magnitude of osteogenesis in the peri-implant zone and favours the dynamics of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kanchan Dholam
- Department of Dental and Prosthetic Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, HBNI, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep Gurav
- Department of Dental and Prosthetic Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, HBNI, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran Bendale
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410 210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arvind Ingle
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410 210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410 210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410 210, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayesh R Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India. .,Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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24
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Wang C, Hu H, Li Z, Shen Y, Xu Y, Zhang G, Zeng X, Deng J, Zhao S, Ren T, Zhang Y. Enhanced Osseointegration of Titanium Alloy Implants with Laser Microgrooved Surfaces and Graphene Oxide Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39470-39483. [PMID: 31594306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective osseointegration, as a critical factor in affecting the success rate of titanium (Ti) implants in orthopedic applications, is significantly affected by their surface microstructure and chemical composition. In this work, surface microgrooved Ti-6Al-4V alloys with graphene oxide coating (Ti-G-GO) were fabricated by a combination of laser processing and chemical assembly techniques. The osteogenic capability in vitro and new bone formation in vivo of the implants were systematically investigated, and biomechanical pull-out tests of the screws were also performed. First, in vitro studies indicated that the optimal microgroove width of the titanium alloy surface was 45 μm (Ti-G), and the optimum GO concentration was 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the effects of the surface microstructure and GO coating on the in vitro bioactivity were investigated through culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the surface of titanium alloy plates. The results showed that the BMSCs cultured on the Ti-G-GO group exhibited the best adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, compared with that on the Ti-G and Ti groups. Micro-computed tomography evaluation, histological analysis, and pull-out testing demonstrated that both Ti-G and Ti-G-GO implants had the higher osseointegration than the untreated Ti implant. Moreover, the osteogenic capability of the Ti-G-GO group appeared to be superior to that of the Ti-G group, which could be attributed to the improvement of surface wettability and apatite formation by the GO coatings. These results suggest that the combination of the microgroove structure and GO coatings exhibits considerable potential for enhancing the surface bioactivation of materials, and the combination modification is expected to be used on engineered titanium alloy surfaces to enhance osseointegration for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Hongxing Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , 325000 Wenzhou , China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200233 Shanghai , China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Gangqiang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Collage of Textiles & Clothing , Qingdao University , 266000 Qingdao , China
| | - Xiangqiong Zeng
- Lubricating Materials Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 201210 Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Shichang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200233 Shanghai , China
| | - Tianhui Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital , South Campus of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital , 201499 Shanghai , China
- Southern Medical University , 510515 Guangzhou , China
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25
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Wei T, Li J, Sun H, Jiang M, Yang Y, Luo X, Liu T. Verification of osteoblast differentiation on airborne-particle abrasion, large-grit, acid-etched surface of titanium implants regulated by yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:431-440. [PMID: 31327805 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Although airborne-particle abrasion, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface technology can promote implant osseointegration; its mechanism remains unclear. By preparing the SLA titanium (Ti) plate (SLA Ti) and Polished Ti plate (Polished Ti), this experiment investigates the expression and distribution of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, gene YAP and TAZ silencing on the SLA Ti was conducted to observe changes in the osteoblast differentiation markers, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP). The results demonstrated that SLA Ti surface microtopography could induce YAP/TAZ's transfer from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of YAP/TAZ increased in terms of mRNA and protein. After silencing the YAP/TAZ genes, Runx2 and BSP decreased, suggesting that YAP/TAZ plays an important regulatory role in this process. Meanwhile, the results also showed that SLA microtopography enhanced the expression of integrins α1, α2, and β1. After silencing the integrin α1, α2, and β1 genes, YAP and TAZ decreased in terms of mRNA and protein. Therefore, this experiment was the first to confirm that SLA surface microtopography facilitates osteoblast differentiation by regulating YAP/TAZ and confirms that the process can be related to integrins α1, α2, and β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Huiqiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Mengyang Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Xiayan Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Tingsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
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26
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Saruta J, Sato N, Ishijima M, Okubo T, Hirota M, Ogawa T. Disproportionate Effect of Sub-Micron Topography on Osteoconductive Capability of Titanium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164027. [PMID: 31426563 PMCID: PMC6720784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium micro-scale topography offers excellent osteoconductivity and bone-implant integration. However, the biological effects of sub-micron topography are unknown. We compared osteoblastic phenotypes and in vivo bone and implant integration abilities between titanium surfaces with micro- (1-5 µm) and sub-micro-scale (0.1-0.5 µm) compartmental structures and machined titanium. The calculated average roughness was 12.5 ± 0.65, 123 ± 6.15, and 24 ± 1.2 nm for machined, micro-rough, and sub-micro-rough surfaces, respectively. In culture studies using bone marrow-derived osteoblasts, the micro-rough surface showed the lowest proliferation and fewest cells attaching during the initial stage. Calcium deposition and expression of osteoblastic genes were highest on the sub-micro-rough surface. The bone-implant integration in the Sprague-Dawley male rat femur model was the strongest on the micro-rough surface. Thus, the biological effects of titanium surfaces are not necessarily proportional to the degree of roughness in osteoblastic cultures or in vivo. Sub-micro-rough titanium ameliorates the disadvantage of micro-rough titanium by restoring cell attachment and proliferation. However, bone integration and the ability to retain cells are compromised due to its lower interfacial mechanical locking. This is the first report on sub-micron topography on a titanium surface promoting osteoblast function with minimal osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Manabu Ishijima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Takahisa Okubo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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27
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Nanostructured titanium surfaces fabricated by hydrothermal method: Influence of alkali conditions on the osteogenic performance of implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Jiang N, Guo Z, Sun D, Li Y, Yang Y, Chen C, Zhang L, Zhu S. Promoting Osseointegration of Ti Implants through Micro/Nanoscaled Hierarchical Ti Phosphate/Ti Oxide Hybrid Coating. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7883-7891. [PMID: 29979574 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, micro/nanoscaled hierarchical hybrid coatings containing titanium (Ti) phosphate and Ti oxide have been fabricated with the aim of promoting osseointegration of Ti-based implants. Three representative surface coatings, namely, micro/nanograss Ti (P-G-Ti), micro/nanoclump Ti, (P-C-Ti), and micro/nanorod Ti (P-R-Ti), have been produced. In-depth investigations into the coating surface morphology, topography, chemical composition, and the surface/cell interaction have been carried out using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, contact-angle measurement, and protein adsorption assay. In addition, in vitro performance of the coating (cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation) has been evaluated using rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and in vivo assessments have been carried out based on a rat tibia implantation model. All the hybrid coating modified implants demonstrated enhanced protein adsorption and BMSC viability, adhesion and differentiation, with P-G-Ti showing the best bioactivity among all samples. Subsequent i n vivo osseointegration tests confirmed that P-G-Ti has induced a much stronger interfacial bonding with the host tissue, indicated by the 2-fold increase in the ultimate shear strength and over 6-fold increase in the maximum push-out force compared to unmodified Ti implants. The state-of-the-art coating technology proposed for Ti-based implants in this study holds great potential in advancing medical devices for next-generation healthcare technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
| | - Dan Sun
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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29
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Nazarov DV, Smirnov VM, Zemtsova EG, Yudintceva NM, Shevtsov MA, Valiev RZ. Enhanced Osseointegrative Properties of Ultra-Fine-Grained Titanium Implants Modified by Chemical Etching and Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3268-3281. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Nazarov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- National Technology Initiative Center of Excellence in Advanced Manufacturing Technologies at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29/1 str., Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Vladimir M. Smirnov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elena G. Zemtsova
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Natalia M. Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Maxim A. Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Tikhoretsky ave. 4, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Lva Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruslan Z. Valiev
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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30
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Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Olivares-Navarrete R, Williams JK, Cochran DL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Human osteoblasts exhibit sexual dimorphism in their response to estrogen on microstructured titanium surfaces. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29970177 PMCID: PMC6029108 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osseointegration is dependent on the implant surface, surrounding bone quality, and the systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. Titanium (Ti) implants with microstructured surfaces exhibit greater pullout strength when compared to smooth-surfaced implants and exhibit enhanced osteogenic cellular responses in vitro. Previous studies showed that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] has a greater effect on rat osteoblast differentiation on microstructured Ti compared to smooth Ti surfaces and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The stimulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on differentiation is observed in female osteoblasts on micro-rough Ti, but it is not known if male osteoblasts behave similarly in response to E2 and microtopography. This study assessed whether human male and female osteoblasts exhibit sex-specific differences in response to E2 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 when cultured on microstructured Ti surfaces. METHODS Osteoblasts from three male and three female human donors were cultured on Ti discs with varying surface profiles: a smooth pretreatment (PT), a coarse grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA), and an SLA surface having undergone modification in a nitrogen environment and stored in saline to maintain hydrophilicity (modSLA). Cells cultured on these surfaces were treated with E2 or 1α,25(OH)2D3. RESULTS Male and female human osteoblasts responded similarly to microstructure although there were donor-specific differences; cell number decreased, and osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and latent and active transforming growth factor 1 increased on SLA and modSLA compared to TCPS. Female osteoblasts had higher alkaline phosphatase activity and OCN production than male counterparts but produced less OPG. Both sexes responded similarly to 1α,25(OH)2D3. E2 treatment reduced cell number and increased osteoblast differentiation and factor production only in female cells. CONCLUSIONS Male and female human osteoblasts respond similarly to microstructure and 1α,25(OH)2D3 but exhibit sexual dimorphism in substrate-dependent responses to E2. E2 affected female osteoblasts, suggesting that signaling is sex-specific and surface-dependent. Donor osteoblasts varied in response, demonstrating the need to test multiple donors when examining human samples. Understanding how male and female cells respond to orthopedic biomaterials will enable greater predictability post-implantation as well as therapies that are more patient-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | | | - David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Nanorod diameter modulated osteogenic activity of hierarchical micropore/nanorod-patterned coatings via a Wnt/β-catenin pathway. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1719-1731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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32
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Effect of Growth Hormone Supplementation on Osseointegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. IMPLANT DENT 2018; 26:613-620. [PMID: 28574857 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy can enhance implant osseointegration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted from 1982 to March 2016. A structured search using the keywords "growth hormone," "implants," and "osseointegration" was performed to identify preclinical and clinical in vivo controlled studies and was followed by a 2-phase search strategy. Initially, 31 potentially relevant articles were identified. After removal of duplicates and screening by title and abstract, 10 potential studies were included. Studies were assessed for bias and data were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS All studies were preclinical animal trials, and the follow-up period ranged from 2 to 16 weeks. Seventy percent of the included studies reported an increase in bone-to-implant contact in animals receiving GH compared with controls. Meta-analysis showed a significant mean difference for bone to implant between GH groups versus controls (no GH supplementation) of 10.60% (95% confidence interval: 3.79%-17.41%) favoring GH administration. CONCLUSION GH treatment seems to promote osseointegration around implants in preclinical studies; however, these findings must be assessed in highly controlled human clinical trials as a number of confounding factors may have influenced the outcomes of the included studies.
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Lotz EM, Berger MB, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Regulation of osteoclasts by osteoblast lineage cells depends on titanium implant surface properties. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:296-307. [PMID: 29292169 PMCID: PMC5803380 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical stage during osseointegration of a titanium (Ti) implant is primary bone remodeling, which involves cross talk among osteoclast precursors, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and osteoblasts. This phase couples the processes of bone formation and resorption. During remodeling, osteoclasts produce factors capable of regulating MSC migration and osteogenesis. Furthermore, they degrade primary bone, creating a foundation with a specific chemistry, stiffness, and morphology for osteoblasts to synthesize and calcify their matrix. MSCs and osteoblasts receiving cues from the implant surface produce factors capable of regulating osteoclasts in order to promote net new bone formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects Ti implant surfaces have on bone remodeling. Human MSCs and normal human osteoblasts (NHOsts) were cultured separately on 15 mm grade 2 smooth PT, hydrophobic-microrough SLA, hydrophilic-microrough Ti (mSLA) (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), or tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). After 7d, conditioned media from surface cultures were used to treat human osteoclasts for 2d. Activity was measured by fluorescence of released collagen followed by mRNA quantification. This study demonstrates that MSC and NHOst cultures are able to suppress osteoclast activity in a surface dependent manner and osteoclast mRNA levels are selectively regulated by surface treatments. The substrate-dependent regulatory effect was mitigated when MSCs were silenced for integrin subunits and when conditioned media were denatured. These results indicate that MSCs and NHOsts regulate at least two aspects of remodeling: reduced fusion of new osteoclasts and reduced activity of existing osteoclasts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we developed a novel in vitro model to study how microstructured and hydrophilic titanium implants impact bone remodeling for dental and orthopaedic applications. Our approach intersects biomaterials and systems physiology, revealing for the first time that implant surface properties are capable of regulating the communication among the cells involved in remodeling of primary bone during osseointegration. We believe that the basic research presented in our manuscript will provide important knowledge in our understanding of factors that impact implant success. Furthermore, it provides a solid foundation for the development of materials that enable rapid osseointegration and earlier loading times for implants in bone that has been compromised by trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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34
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Saito A, Nagaishi K, Iba K, Mizue Y, Chikenji T, Otani M, Nakano M, Oyama K, Yamashita T, Fujimiya M. Umbilical cord extracts improve osteoporotic abnormalities of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and promote their therapeutic effects on ovariectomised rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1161. [PMID: 29348535 PMCID: PMC5773568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are the most valuable source of autologous cells for transplantation and tissue regeneration to treat osteoporosis. Although BM-MSCs are the primary cells responsible for maintaining bone metabolism and homeostasis, their regenerative ability may be attenuated in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Therefore, we first examined potential abnormalities of BM-MSCs in an oestrogen-deficient rat model constructed by ovariectomy (OVX-MSCs). Cell proliferation, mobilisation, and regulation of osteoclasts were downregulated in OVX-MSCs. Moreover, therapeutic effects of OVX-MSCs were decreased in OVX rats. Accordingly, we developed a new activator for BM-MSCs using human umbilical cord extracts, Wharton’s jelly extract supernatant (WJS), which improved cell proliferation, mobilisation and suppressive effects on activated osteoclasts in OVX-MSCs. Bone volume, RANK and TRACP expression of osteoclasts, as well as proinflammatory cytokine expression in bone tissues, were ameliorated by OVX-MSCs activated with WJS (OVX-MSCs-WJ) in OVX rats. Fusion and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts were suppressed in macrophage-induced and primary mouse bone marrow cell-induced osteoclasts via suppression of osteoclast-specific genes, such as Nfatc1, Clcn7, Atp6i and Dc-stamp, by co-culture with OVX-MSCs-WJ in vitro. In this study, we developed a new activator, WJS, which improved the functional abnormalities and therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs on postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanna Nagaishi
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. .,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Iba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizue
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Chikenji
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Otani
- Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masako Nakano
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazusa Oyama
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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LAGONEGRO P, TREVISI G, NASI L, PARISI L, MANFREDI E, LUMETTI S, ROSSI F, MACALUSO GM, SALVIATI G, GALLI C. Osteoblasts preferentially adhere to peaks on micro-structured titanium. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:278-285. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo GALLI
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
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36
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Yang Y, Guo J, Zhou X, Liu Z, Wang C, Wang K, Zhang J, Wang Z. A novel cold atmospheric pressure air plasma jet for peri-implantitis treatment: An in vitro study. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:157-166. [PMID: 29176301 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is difficult to treat in clinical settings; this is not only because it is a site-specific infectious disease but also because it impedes osseointegration. In this study, a novel cold atmospheric pressure air plasma jet (CAPAJ) was applied to study the treatment of peri-implantitis in vitro. CAPAJ treated the samples for 2, 4 and 6 min, respectively. To evaluate the titanium surface characteristics, the surface elemental composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS]), roughness and hydrophilicity were evaluated in each group. Concurrently, the sterilization and osseointegration effect of CAPAJ were also examined. Results revealed that after CAPAJ modification, roughness and hydrophilicity of titanium surfaces were significantly increased. Moreover, XPS results demonstrated that the C1s peak was reduced and N1s and O1s peaks were obviously improved. More importantly, CAPAJ showed favorable sterilization and bone formation effects. CAPAJ seemed a simpler and more efficient strategy for the peri-implantitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | | | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Chenbao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Kaile Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
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37
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Ma QL, Fang L, Jiang N, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang YM, Chen LH. Bone mesenchymal stem cell secretion of sRANKL/OPG/M-CSF in response to macrophage-mediated inflammatory response influences osteogenesis on nanostructured Ti surfaces. Biomaterials 2017; 154:234-247. [PMID: 29144982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been well established that osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) as well as osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages can be manipulated by the nanostructure of biomaterial surfaces, the interactions among the effects of the surface on immune cells and bMSCs remained unknown. Therefore, in this study, the osteogenic behaviors and secretion of osteoclastogenesis-related cytokines of human bMSCs on TiO2 nanotubular (NT) surfaces in conditioned medium (CM) generated by macrophages cultured on the respective NT surfaces (NT-CM) were analyzed. Although bMSCs showed consistent osteogenic behaviors on the NT5 and NT20 surfaces in both standard culture medium and both types of NT-CM, collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix mineralization were partially impeded on the NT20 surface in NT20-CM and bMSC cytokine secretions on the NT20 surface in NT20-CM elicited remarkable multinuclear giant cell and osteoclast formation compared with that observed on the NT5 surface in NT5-CM. After implantation in vivo, mineralized bone formation was significantly delayed around the NT20 implant compared with the NT5 implant, but both surfaces contributed to good bone formation after 12 weeks. The results obtained in this study advance our understanding of the confounding influence of the implant surface nanostructure, macrophage inflammatory response, and osteogenic differentiation of bMSCs as well as the retro-regulative effects of bMSCs on the osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages, and the culture system based on different NT surfaces and CM generated on the respective surfaces may provide a systematic research model for evaluating the performance of endosseous implants as well as a prospective approach for improving implant osseointegration via immune-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Li Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Stomatology, No.323 Hospital of PLA, Xi'an, 710054, China; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Oral Prevention, College of Stomatology, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, No.323 Hospital of PLA, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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38
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Boyan BD, Lotz EM, Schwartz Z. * Roughness and Hydrophilicity as Osteogenic Biomimetic Surface Properties. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1479-1489. [PMID: 28793839 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful dental and orthopedic implant outcomes are determined by the degree of osseointegration. Over the last 60 years, endosseous implants have evolved to stimulate osteogenesis without the need for exogenous biologics such as bone morphogenetic proteins. An understanding of the interaction between cells and the physical characteristics of their environments has led to development of bioactive implants. Implant surfaces that mimic the inherent chemistry, topography, and wettability of native bone have shown to provide cells in the osteoblast lineage with the structural cues to promote tissue regeneration and net new bone formation. Studies show that attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and local factor production are sensitive to these implant surface characteristics. This review focuses on how surface properties, including chemistry, topography, and hydrophilicity, modulate protein adsorption, cell behavior, biological reactions, and signaling pathways in peri-implant bone tissue, allowing the development of true biomimetics that promote osseointegration by providing an environment suitable for osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Boyan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,2 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ethan M Lotz
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia.,3 Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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39
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Yamaguchi S, Hashimoto H, Nakai R, Takadama H. Impact of Surface Potential on Apatite Formation in Ti Alloys Subjected to Acid and Heat Treatments. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101127. [PMID: 28946646 PMCID: PMC5666933 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium metal (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in orthopedic and dental fields. We have previously shown that acid and heat treatment was effective to introduce bone bonding, osteoconduction and osteoinduction on pure Ti. In the present study, acid and heat treatment with or without initial NaOH treatment was performed on typical Ti-based alloys used in orthopedic and dental fields. Dynamic movements of alloying elements were developed, which depended on the kind of treatment and type of alloy. It was found that the simple acid and heat treatment enriched/remained the alloying elements on Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al and Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta, resulting in neutral surface charges. Thus, the treated alloys did not form apatite in a simulated body fluid (SBF) within 3 days. In contrast, when the alloys were subjected to a NaOH treatment prior to an acid and heat treatment, alloying elements were selectively removed from the alloy surfaces. As a result, the treated alloys became positively charged, and formed apatite in SBF within 3 days. Thus, the treated alloys would be useful in orthopedic and dental fields since they form apatite even in a living body and bond to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-0027, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-0027, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Nakai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-0027, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Takadama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-0027, Japan.
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40
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Kapasa ER, Giannoudis PV, Jia X, Hatton PV, Yang XB. The Effect of RANKL/OPG Balance on Reducing Implant Complications. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:E42. [PMID: 28937598 PMCID: PMC5748549 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the phenomenal success of implants particularly in the realms of dentistry and orthopaedics, there are still challenges to overcome. The failure of implants resulting from infection, prosthetic loosening, and non-union continue to be the most notorious examples. The cascade of fracture healing and bone repair, especially with the presence of an implant, is complex because it involves a multifaceted immune response alongside the intricate process of bone formation and remodelling. Bone loss is a serious clinical problem that is frequently accompanied by chronic inflammation, illustrating that there is a convoluted relationship between inflammation and bone erosion. The effects of pro-inflammatory factors play a significant role in initiating and maintaining osteoclastogenesis that results in bone resorption by osteoclasts. This is because there is a disruption of the relative ratio between Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB-Ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is central to modulating bone repair and remodelling. This review aims to provide a background to the bone remodelling process, the bone repair cascade post-implantation, and the associated complications. Furthermore, current clinical solutions that can influence bone formation via either internal or extrinsic mechanisms will be described. These efficacious treatments for osteolysis via targeting the RANKL/OPG ratio may be crucial to reducing the incidence of related implant failures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Kapasa
- Doctoral Training Centre-Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
| | - Xuebin B Yang
- Doctoral Training Centre-Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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41
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Lauria I, Höner M, Kant S, Davtalab R, Weik T, Sternberg K, Fischer H. Response of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells to varying titanium topographical signals. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:180-191. [PMID: 28884523 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of titanium implant modifications have been developed to improve tissue- or cell-material interactions including bone bonding, implant failure, and contact osteogenesis. Osteogenesis can be stimulated by mechanobiological signals such as topography though translation of in vivo reactions to in vitro bioactivity and stem cell culture data, and vice versa, is challenging. We hypothesized that a systematic in vitro approach comparing clinically well-accepted implant surface topographical modifications could shed light on potential cell biological mechanisms provoked by submicron-, micron- or macrostructured surfaces. In this study, we investigated the response of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) to anodized, particle blasted, and plasma sprayed highly porous Plasmapore surfaces, which is known to promote bony ingrowth in vivo. After 21 days, UC-MSCs undergo a morphological shift from a 2D to 3D behavior on micro- or macrostructures visualized by actin-vinculin fluorescence and are able to fill the porous surfaces completely. Cell viability after 7 days was significantly decreased on the micro- and macrostructured surfaces particle blasted and Plasmapore, compared to polished controls. The analysis of osteogenic differentiation under noninduced conditions revealed a significantly elevated ALP activity on Plasmapore, indicating a beneficial effect of this macrostructured surface toward osteogenic differentiation supported by late elevated gene expression of osteopontin evaluated by qPCR. Mineralization as well as in vitro bioactivity was pronounced on anodized surfaces. Our findings point to synergistic implant modification strategies allowing early contact osteogenesis and bone ingrowth for future implant designs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 180-191, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lauria
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Miriam Höner
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roswitha Davtalab
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Weik
- B. Braun Aesculap AG, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532, Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Sternberg
- B. Braun Aesculap AG, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532, Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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42
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Huang J, Zhang X, Yan W, Chen Z, Shuai X, Wang A, Wang Y. Nanotubular topography enhances the bioactivity of titanium implants. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1913-1923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Boyan BD, Cheng A, Olivares-Navarrete R, Schwartz Z. Implant Surface Design Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Maturation. Adv Dent Res 2017; 28:10-7. [PMID: 26927483 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515624444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in dental implant materials, structural design, and surface properties can all affect biological response. While bulk properties are important for mechanical stability of the implant, surface design ultimately contributes to osseointegration. This article reviews the surface parameters of dental implant materials that contribute to improved cell response and osseointegration. In particular, we focus on how surface design affects mesenchymal cell response and differentiation into the osteoblast lineage. Surface roughness has been largely studied at the microscale, but recent studies have highlighted the importance of hierarchical micron/submicron/nanosurface roughness, as well as surface roughness in combination with surface wettability. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that recognize changes in the surface and mediate downstream signaling pathways. Specifically, the noncanonical Wnt5a pathway has been implicated in osteoblastic differentiation of cells on titanium implant surfaces. However, much remains to be elucidated. Only recently have studies been conducted on the differences in biological response to implants based on sex, age, and clinical factors; these all point toward differences that advocate for patient-specific implant design. Finally, challenges in implant surface characterization must be addressed to optimize and compare data across studies. An understanding of both the science and the biology of the materials is crucial for developing novel dental implant materials and surface modifications for improved osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - R Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Z Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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44
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Lin Y, Huang Y, He J, Chen F, He Y, Zhang W. Role of Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling in the enhanced proliferation and differentiation of MG63 cells enabled by hierarchical micro-/nanotextured topography. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3267-3280. [PMID: 28458545 PMCID: PMC5404496 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s135045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog–Gli1 signaling is evolutionarily conserved and plays an essential role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation as well as bone formation. To evaluate the role of the Hedgehog–Gli1 pathway in the response of osteoblasts to hierarchical biomaterial topographies, human MG63 osteoblasts were seeded onto smooth, microstructured, and micro-/nanotextured topography (MNT) titanium to assess osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in terms of proliferative activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Smoothened (Smo), and Gli1, and the protein levels were assayed by Western blotting. MG63 cells treated with the Smo inhibitor cyclopamine were seeded onto the titanium specimens, and the cell proliferation and differentiation were studied in the presence or absence of cyclopamine. Our results showed that compared to the smooth and microstructured surfaces, the MNTs induced a higher gene expression and protein production of Shh, Smo, and Gli1 as well as the activation of Hedgehog signaling. The enhanced proliferative activity, ALP production, and expression of the osteogenesis-related genes (bone morphogenetic protein-2, ALP, and runt-related transcription factor 2) enabled by the MNTs were significantly downregulated by the presence of cyclopamine to a similar level as those on the smooth and acid-etched microstructured surfaces in the absence of cyclopamine. This evidence explicitly demonstrates pivotal roles of Hedgehog–Gli1 signaling pathway in mediating the enhanced effect of MNTs on MG63 proliferation and differentiation, which greatly advances our understanding of the mechanism involved in the biological responsiveness of biomaterial topographies. These findings may aid in the optimization of hierarchical biomaterial topographies targeting Hedgehog–Gli1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Taishan People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Taishan
| | - Yinghe Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Taishan People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Taishan
| | - Junbing He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Liu H, Huang X, Yu H, Yang X, Zhang X, Hang R, Tang B. A cytocompatible micro/nano-textured surface with Si-doped titania mesoporous arrays fabricated by a one-step anodization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maino BG, Di Blasio A, Spadoni D, Ravanetti F, Galli C, Cacchioli A, Katsaros C, Gandolfini M. The integration of orthodontic miniscrews under mechanical loading: a pre-clinical study in rabbit. Eur J Orthod 2017; 39:519-527. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cellular Response to Surface Topography and Substrate Stiffness. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51617-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yin C, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Li B, Yang H, Wang H, Qi H, Zhou Y, Meng W. Effects of the micro-nano surface topography of titanium alloy on the biological responses of osteoblast. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:757-769. [PMID: 27756111 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yin
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Qi
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
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Silva-Bermudez P, Almaguer-Flores A, Garcia VI, Olivares-Navarrete R, Rodil SE. Enhancing the osteoblastic differentiation through nanoscale surface modifications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:498-509. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Silva-Bermudez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos; Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe México D.F. 14389 México
| | - Argelia Almaguer-Flores
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Posgrado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. 04510 México
| | - Victor I. Garcia
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Posgrado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. 04510 México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Sandra E. Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. 04510 México
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The osteogenic capacity of biomimetic hierarchical micropore/nanorod-patterned Sr-HA coatings with different interrod spacings. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1161-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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