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Own brand label restorative materials-A false bargain? J Dent 2016; 56:84-98. [PMID: 27836814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims at evaluating and comparing mechanical, chemical, and cytotoxicological parameters of a commercial brand name composite material against two 'own brand label' (OBL) composites. METHODS Parameters included depth of cure, flexural strength, degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, filler particle morphology and elemental analyzes, Vickers hardness, surface roughness parameters after abrasion, monomer elution, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS The conventional composite outperformed the OBLS in terms of depth of cure (p<0.001), degree of cure at the first and last time intervals (p<0.001), hardness (p<0.001), and post-abrasion roughness (p<0.05). The polymerization volumetric shrinkage ranged from 2.86% to 4.13%, with the highest shrinkage seen among the OBLs. Both Monomer elution from the OBLs was statistically significantly higher (p<0.001). Statistically significantly higher cytotoxicity combined with altered morphology and loss of confluence was detected in the cells exposed to extracts from the OBLs. CONCLUSIONS The OBLs were in general outdone by the conventional composite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OBLs restorative materials have become pervasive in the dental market. Manufacturers often promise equal or better characteristics than existing brand-name composites, but at a lower price. Dentists are highly recommended to reconsider utilization of OBLs lacking sound scientific scrutiny, and our findings underscore this recommendation.
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Flamant Q, Stanciuc AM, Pavailler H, Sprecher CM, Alini M, Peroglio M, Anglada M. Roughness gradients on zirconia for rapid screening of cell-surface interactions: Fabrication, characterization and application. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2502-14. [PMID: 27227541 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Roughness is one of the key parameters for successful osseointegration of dental implants. The understanding of how roughness affects cell response is thus crucial to improve implant performance. Surface gradients, which allow rapid and systematic investigations of cell-surface interactions, have the potential to facilitate this task. In this study, a novel method aiming to produce roughness gradients at the surface of zirconia using hydrofluoric acid etching was implemented. The topography was exhaustively characterized at the microscale and nanoscale by white light interferometry and atomic force microscopy, including the analysis of amplitude, spatial, hybrid, functional, and fractal parameters. A rapid screening of the influence of roughness on human mesenchymal stem cell morphology was conducted and potential correlations between roughness parameters and cell morphology were investigated. The roughness gradient induced significant changes in cell area (p < 0.001), aspect ratio (p = 0.01), and solidity (p = 0.026). Nanoroughness parameters were linearly correlated to cell solidity (p < 0.005), while microroughness parameters appeared nonlinearly correlated to cell area, highlighting the importance of multiscale optimization of implant topography to induce the desired cell response. The gradient method proposed here drastically reduces the efforts and resources necessary to study cell-surface interactions and provides results directly transferable to industry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2502-2514, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Flamant
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, CRNE, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, C. Pascual I Vila, 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ana-Maria Stanciuc
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Pavailler
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Peroglio
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Marc Anglada
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, CRNE, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, C. Pascual I Vila, 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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Dasgupta Q, Chatterjee K, Madras G. Controlled Release of Salicylic Acid from Biodegradable Cross-Linked Polyesters. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3479-89. [PMID: 26284981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a family of cross-linked poly(xylitol adipate salicylate)s with a wide range of tunable release properties for delivering pharmacologically active salicylic acid. The synthesis parameters and release conditions were varied to modulate polyester properties and to understand the mechanism of release. Varying release rates were obtained upon longer curing (35% in the noncured polymer to 10% in the cured polymer in 7 days). Differential salicylic acid loading led to the synthesis of polymers with variable cross-linking and the release could be tuned (100% release for the lowest loading to 30% in the highest loading). Controlled release was monitored by changing various factors, and the release profiles were dependent on the stoichiometric composition, pH, curing time, and presence of enzyme. The polymer released a combination of salicylic acid and disalicylic acid, and the released products were found to be nontoxic. Minimal hemolysis and platelet activation indicated good blood compatibility. These polymers qualify as "bioactive" and "resorbable" and can, therefore, find applications as immunomodulatory resorbable biomaterials with tunable release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queeny Dasgupta
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Engineering, and §Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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Lopez-Santos C, Colaux JL, Laloy J, Fransolet M, Mullier F, Michiels C, Dogné JM, Lucas S. Bioactivity and hemocompatibility study of amorphous hydrogenated carbon coatings produced by pulsed magnetron discharge. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1800-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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5
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Bailey BM, Fei R, Munoz-Pinto D, Hahn MS, Grunlan MA. PDMS(star)-PEG hydrogels prepared via solvent-induced phase separation (SIPS) and their potential utility as tissue engineering scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4324-33. [PMID: 22842033 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic hydrogels based on methacrylated star polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS(star)-MA) and diacrylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-DA) macromers were prepared via solvent-induced phase separation (SIPS). The macromers were combined in a dichloromethane precursor solution and sequentially photopolymerized, dried and hydrated. The chemical and physical properties of the hydrogels were further tailored by varying the number average molecular weight (M(n)) of PEG-DA (M(n)=3.4k and 6k gmol(-1)) as well as the weight percent ratio of PDMS(star)-MA (M(n)=7k gmol(-1)) to PEG-DA from 0:100 to 20:80. Compared to analogous hydrogels fabricated from aqueous precursor solutions, SIPS produced hydrogels with a macroporous morphology, a more even distribution of PDMS(star)-MA, increased modulus and enhanced degradation rates. The morphology, swelling ratio, mechanical properties, bioactivity, non-specific protein adhesion, controlled introduction of cell adhesion, and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels were characterized. As a result of their tunable properties, this library of hydrogels is useful to study material-guided cell behavior and ultimate tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan M Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3120, USA
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Gas-Foamed Scaffold Gradients for Combinatorial Screening in 3D. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:173-82. [PMID: 24956523 PMCID: PMC4031022 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods for screening cell-material interactions typically utilize a two-dimensional (2D) culture format where cells are cultured on flat surfaces. However, there is a need for combinatorial and high-throughput screening methods to systematically screen cell-biomaterial interactions in three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering. Previously, we developed a two-syringe pump approach for making 3D scaffold gradients for use in combinatorial screening of salt-leached scaffolds. Herein, we demonstrate that the two-syringe pump approach can also be used to create scaffold gradients using a gas-foaming approach. Macroporous foams prepared by a gas-foaming technique are commonly used for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds due to their high interconnectivity and good mechanical properties. Gas-foamed scaffold gradient libraries were fabricated from two biodegradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonates: poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate) (pDTEc) and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine octyl ester carbonate) (pDTOc). The composition of the libraries was assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and showed that pDTEc/pDTOc gas-foamed scaffold gradients could be repeatably fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that scaffold morphology was similar between the pDTEc-rich ends and the pDTOc-rich ends of the gradient. These results introduce a method for fabricating gas-foamed polymer scaffold gradients that can be used for combinatorial screening of cell-material interactions in 3D.
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Potyrailo R, Rajan K, Stoewe K, Takeuchi I, Chisholm B, Lam H. Combinatorial and high-throughput screening of materials libraries: review of state of the art. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:579-633. [PMID: 21644562 DOI: 10.1021/co200007w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rational materials design based on prior knowledge is attractive because it promises to avoid time-consuming synthesis and testing of numerous materials candidates. However with the increase of complexity of materials, the scientific ability for the rational materials design becomes progressively limited. As a result of this complexity, combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) experimentation in materials science has been recognized as a new scientific approach to generate new knowledge. This review demonstrates the broad applicability of CHT experimentation technologies in discovery and optimization of new materials. We discuss general principles of CHT materials screening, followed by the detailed discussion of high-throughput materials characterization approaches, advances in data analysis/mining, and new materials developments facilitated by CHT experimentation. We critically analyze results of materials development in the areas most impacted by the CHT approaches, such as catalysis, electronic and functional materials, polymer-based industrial coatings, sensing materials, and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radislav Potyrailo
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
| | - Krishna Rajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Klaus Stoewe
- Universität des Saarlandes, Technische Chemie, Campus C4.2, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bret Chisholm
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering and Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Hubert Lam
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, United States
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Gellynck K, Neel EAA, Li H, Mardas N, Donos N, Buxton P, Young AM. Cell attachment and response to photocured, degradable bone adhesives containing tricalcium phosphate and purmorphamine. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2672-7. [PMID: 21354477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify and provide evidence as to how addition of tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and the Hedgehog agonist purmorphamine to a degradable bone adhesive affects cell attachment/proliferation and Hedgehog pathway activation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that high levels (75 wt.%) of β-TCP addition reduced the photocure rate of the chosen poly(propylene glycol-co-lactide) dimethacrylate (PPLM) bone adhesive, but this problem was overcome by increased light exposure. In phosphate-buffered saline the total surface mass loss of set 15 mm diameter PPLM films was ∼3.2 mg in 12 weeks, irrespective of thickness (200 or 400 μm) or β-TCP level (50 or 75 wt.%). With 400 μm samples there was additional bulk material loss. Proliferation of pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) on the set adhesive surfaces was enhanced by decreased sample thickness or filler content increase. Degradation evidence suggested that both effects were due to reduced acidic polymeric degradation products. Activation of the Hedgehog pathway was quantified by measuring Gli expression in Light II reporter cells. The 0.01 and 0.1 wt.% purmorphamine in composite discs (400 μm, 75 wt.% β-TCP) enhanced Gli expression of attached cells 2- and 5-fold, respectively, without influencing their number. Pre-storage of the composite samples in culture medium had no detrimental effect on this response. Furthermore, sample storage medium gave no enhanced Gli expression in cells on tissue culture plastic. This suggests drug release levels were very low. Purmorphamine and β-TCP incorporation in PPLM adhesives might, therefore, provide prolonged enhancement of in vivo bone repair without systemic drug side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Gellynck
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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Chatterjee K, Young MF, Simon CG. Fabricating gradient hydrogel scaffolds for 3D cell culture. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2011; 14:227-36. [PMID: 21143178 PMCID: PMC3381353 DOI: 10.2174/138620711795222455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing cell-material interactions is critical for maximizing regeneration in tissue engineering. Combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) methods can be used to systematically screen tissue scaffolds to identify optimal biomaterial properties. Previous CHT platforms in tissue engineering have involved a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture format where cells were cultured on material surfaces. However, these platforms are inadequate to predict cellular response in a three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffold. We have developed a simple CHT platform to screen cell-material interactions in 3D culture format that can be applied to screen hydrogel scaffolds. Herein we provide detailed instructions on a method to prepare gradients in elastic modulus of photopolymerizable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chatterjee
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Chatterjee K, Sun L, Chow LC, Young MF, Simon CG. Combinatorial screening of osteoblast response to 3D calcium phosphate/poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds using gradients and arrays. Biomaterials 2011; 32:1361-9. [PMID: 21074846 PMCID: PMC3428122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for combinatorial and high-throughput methods for screening cell-biomaterial interactions to maximize tissue generation in scaffolds. Current methods employ a flat two-dimensional (2D) format even though three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are more representative of the tissue environment in vivo and cells are responsive to topographical differences of 2D substrates and 3D scaffolds. Thus, combinatorial libraries of 3D porous scaffolds were developed and used to screen the effect of nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (nACP) particles on osteoblast response. Increasing nACP content in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds promoted osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. The nACP-containing scaffolds released calcium and phosphate ions which are known to activate osteoblast function. Scaffold libraries were fabricated in two formats, gradients and arrays, and the magnitude of the effect of nACP on osteoblast proliferation was greater for arrays than gradients. The enhanced response in arrays can be explained by differences in cell culture designs, diffusional effects and differences in the ratio of "scaffold mass to culture medium". These results introduce a gradient library approach for screening large pore 3D scaffolds and demonstrate that inclusion of the nACP particles enhances osteoblast proliferation in 3D scaffolds. Further, comparison of gradients and arrays suggests that gradients were more sensitive for detecting effects of scaffold composition on cell adhesion (short time points, 1 day) whereas arrays were more sensitive at detecting effects on cell proliferation (longer time points, 14 day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chatterjee
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Simon CG, Lin-Gibson S. Combinatorial and high-throughput screening of biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:369-387. [PMID: 20839249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial and high-throughput methods have been increasingly used to accelerate research and development of new biomaterials. These methods involve creating miniaturized libraries that contain many specimens in one sample in the form of gradients or arrays, followed by automated data collection and analysis. This article reviews recent advances in utilizing combinatorial and high-throughput methods to better understand cell-material interactions, particularly highlighting our efforts at the NIST Polymers Division. Specifically, fabrication techniques to generate controlled surfaces (2D) and 3D cell environments (tissue engineering scaffolds) as well as methods to characterize and analyze material properties and cell-material interactions are described. In conclusion, additional opportunities for combinatorial methods for biomaterials research are noted, including streamlined sample fabrication and characterization, appropriate and automated bioassays, and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Simon
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 29899, USA
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Lamblin G, Leprince J, Devaux J, Mestdagh M, Gallez B, Leloup G. Hydroxyl radical release from dental resins: electron paramagnetic resonance evidence. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3193-8. [PMID: 20206719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that polymeric free radicals remain trapped inside dental resins for a long time after photopolymerization. Moreover, although these high molecular mass compounds have very limited mobility, there is evidence to suggest that they disappear progressively over time. The purpose of this study was to provide new experimental data to help understand this phenomenon. To determine whether low molecular mass free radicals are released by dental composites stored in hydrophilic media, we used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to perform spin-trapping experiments on experimental and commercial samples stored in ethanol. Under these conditions, ethoxy radicals were produced. Further experiments demonstrated that (1) hydroxyl radicals were released from the methacrylated resin and (2) they reacted with ethanol molecules to produce "secondary" ethoxy free radicals. In addition to the well-known monomer toxicity of methacrylated resins, we may have identified a new source of concern for these biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lamblin
- School of Dental Medicine and Stomatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10/5721, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
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Hou Y, Schoener CA, Regan KR, Munoz-Pinto D, Hahn MS, Grunlan MA. Photo-cross-linked PDMSstar-PEG hydrogels: synthesis, characterization, and potential application for tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:648-56. [PMID: 20146518 DOI: 10.1021/bm9012293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic hydrogels with tunable chemical and physical properties were prepared from methacrylated star polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS(star)-MA) and diacrylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-DA) for use as tissue engineering scaffolds. A total of 18 compositionally unique hydrogels were prepared by photo-cross-linking, varying weight ratios of PEG-DA and PDMS(star)-MA of different molecular weights (M(n)): PEG-DA (M(n) = 3.4k and 6k g/mol) and PDMS(star)-MA (M(n) = 1.8k, 5k, and 7k g/mol). Introduction of PDMS(star)-MA caused formation of discrete PDMS-enriched microparticles dispersed within the PEG matrix. The swelling ratio, mechanical properties in tension and compression, nonspecific protein adhesion, controlled introduction of bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of hydrogels were studied. This library of inorganic-organic hydrogels with tunable properties provides a useful platform to study the effect of scaffold properties on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
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Hou Y, Schoener CA, Regan KR, Munoz-Pinto D, Hahn MS, Grunlan MA. Photo-cross-linked PDMSstar-PEG hydrogels: synthesis, characterization, and potential application for tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2010. [PMID: 20146518 DOI: 10.1021/bm9012293.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic-organic hydrogels with tunable chemical and physical properties were prepared from methacrylated star polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS(star)-MA) and diacrylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-DA) for use as tissue engineering scaffolds. A total of 18 compositionally unique hydrogels were prepared by photo-cross-linking, varying weight ratios of PEG-DA and PDMS(star)-MA of different molecular weights (M(n)): PEG-DA (M(n) = 3.4k and 6k g/mol) and PDMS(star)-MA (M(n) = 1.8k, 5k, and 7k g/mol). Introduction of PDMS(star)-MA caused formation of discrete PDMS-enriched microparticles dispersed within the PEG matrix. The swelling ratio, mechanical properties in tension and compression, nonspecific protein adhesion, controlled introduction of bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of hydrogels were studied. This library of inorganic-organic hydrogels with tunable properties provides a useful platform to study the effect of scaffold properties on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
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