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Alqahtani T, Deore SL, Kide AA, Shende BA, Sharma R, Chakole RD, Nemade LS, Kale NK, Borah S, Deokar SS, Behera A, Dhawal Bhandari D, Gaikwad N, Azad AK, Ghosh A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -An updated review. Mitochondrion 2023:S1567-7249(23)00051-X. [PMID: 37269968 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded proteins in the central nervous system can induce oxidative damage, which can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases in the mitochondria. Neurodegenerative patients face early mitochondrial dysfunction, impacting energy utilization. Amyloid-ß and tau problems both have an effect on mitochondria, which leads to mitochondrial malfunction and, ultimately, the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Cellular oxygen interaction yields reactive oxygen species within mitochondria, initiating oxidative damage to mitochondrial constituents. Parkinson's disease, linked to oxidative stress, α-synuclein aggregation, and inflammation, results from reduced brain mitochondria activity. Mitochondrial dynamics profoundly influence cellular apoptosis via distinct causative mechanisms. The condition known as Huntington's disease is characterized by an expansion of polyglutamine, primarily impactingthe cerebral cortex and striatum. Research has identified mitochondrial failure as an early pathogenic mechanism contributing to HD's selective neurodegeneration. The mitochondria are organelles that exhibit dynamism by undergoing fragmentation and fusion processes to attain optimal bioenergetic efficiency. They can also be transported along microtubules and regulateintracellular calcium homeostasis through their interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, the mitochondria produce free radicals. The functions of eukaryotic cells, particularly in neurons, have significantly deviated from the traditionally assigned role of cellular energy production. Most of them areimpaired in HD, which may lead to neuronal dysfunction before symptoms manifest. This article summarises the most important changes in mitochondrial dynamics that come from neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Finally, we discussed about novel techniques that can potentially treat mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative stress in four most dominating neuro disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Ritika Sharma
- University institute of pharma sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab.
| | - Rita Dadarao Chakole
- Government College of Pharmacy Vidyanagar Karad Dist Satara Maharashtra Pin 415124.
| | - Lalita S Nemade
- Govindrao Nikam College of Pharmacy Sawarde Maharashtra 415606.
| | | | - Sudarshana Borah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya Technocity, Ri-Bhoi District Meghalaya.
| | | | - Ashok Behera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun,Uttarakhand.
| | - Divya Dhawal Bhandari
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014. India.
| | - Nikita Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, P.E.S. Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune-411044.
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy MAHSA University Bandar Saujana putra, 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
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A Glimpse into Dendrimers Integration in Cancer Imaging and Theranostics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065430. [PMID: 36982503 PMCID: PMC10049703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a result of abnormal cell proliferation. This pathology is a serious health problem since it is a leading cause of death worldwide. Current anti-cancer therapies rely on surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments still present major associated problems, namely the absence of specificity. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles, particularly dendrimers, have been paving their way to the front line of cancer treatment, mostly for drug and gene delivery, diagnosis, and disease monitoring. This is mainly derived from their high versatility, which results from their ability to undergo distinct surface functionalization, leading to improved performance. In recent years, the anticancer and antimetastatic capacities of dendrimers have been discovered, opening new frontiers to dendrimer-based chemotherapeutics. In the present review, we summarize the intrinsic anticancer activity of different dendrimers as well as their use as nanocarriers in cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Nakano T, Fujikawa S. Aryl/Heteroaryl Substituted Boron-Difluoride Complexes Bearing 2-(Isoquinol-1-yl)pyrrole Ligands Exhibiting High Luminescence Efficiency with a Large Stokes Shift. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11708-11721. [PMID: 35969831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(isoquinol-1-yl)pyrrole-boron complexes possessing (hetero)aryl substituents on the pyrrole and/or isoquinoline moiety were prepared. These compounds exhibited the fluorescence emission character in both solution and solid state. In most cases, the large Stokes shift and high fluorescence quantum yield in the solution were compatible. Furthermore, the structural diversity allowed the precise tuning of emitting colors from light blue to red with strong emission intensity. The present paper describes their comprehensive optical characteristics dependent on the type and position of the substituted aryl groups by the experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Research Center for Negative Emissions Technologies (K-NETs), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigenori Fujikawa
- Research Center for Negative Emissions Technologies (K-NETs), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Sharma R, Liaw K, Sharma A, Jimenez A, Chang M, Salazar S, Amlani I, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Glycosylation of PAMAM dendrimers significantly improves tumor macrophage targeting and specificity in glioblastoma. J Control Release 2021; 337:179-192. [PMID: 34274384 PMCID: PMC8600682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is among the most aggressive forms of cancers, with a median survival of just 15-20 months for patients despite maximum clinical intervention. The majority of conventional anti-cancer therapies fail due to associated off-site toxicities which can be addressed by developing target-specific drug delivery systems. Advances in nanotechnology have provided targeted systems to overcome drug delivery barriers associated with brain and other types of cancers. Dendrimers have emerged as promising vehicles for targeted drug and gene delivery. Dendrimer-mediated targeting strategies can be further enhanced through the addition of targeting ligands to enable receptor-specific interactions. Here, we explore the sugar moieties as ligands conjugated to hydroxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers to leverage altered metabolism in cancer and immune targeting. Using a highly facile click chemistry approach, we modified the surface of dendrimers with glucose, mannose, or galactose moieties in a well-defined manner, to target upregulated sugar transporters in the context of glioblastoma. We show that glucose modification significantly enhanced targeting of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microglia by increasing brain penetration and cellular internalization, while galactose modification shifts targeting away from TAMs towards galectins on glioblastoma tumor cells. Mannose modification did not alter TAMs and microglia targeting of these dendrimers, but did alter their kinetics of accumulation within the GBM tumor. The whole body biodistribution was largely similar between the systems. These results demonstrate that dendrimers are versatile delivery vehicles that can be modified to tailor their targeting for the treatment of glioblastoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ambar Jimenez
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michelle Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sebastian Salazar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Imaan Amlani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Nakano T, Sumida A, Naka K. Mechanochromic Properties of Boron‐Difluoride Complexes Bearing π‐Expanded Pyridine Ligands: Effects of π‐Conjugated Skeletons and Halogen Atoms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Material Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Research Center for Negative Emission Technologies Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI−I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Material Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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Nakano T, Sumida A, Naka K. Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Difluoride Complexes Bearing π-Expanded Pyridine Ligands as Organic Fluorochromes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5690-5701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Material Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Material Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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7
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Nakano T, Sumida A, Naka K. 2‐(Quinol‐8‐yl)pyrrole‐Boron Difluoride Complexes, Simple and Tractable Structures Exhibiting Red Emission. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Material Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Material Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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Lotocki V, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymers: Branched Architectures in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E827. [PMID: 32872618 PMCID: PMC7559275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering active pharmaceutical agents to disease sites using soft polymeric nanoparticles continues to be a topical area of research. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of amphiphilic macromolecules plays a significant role in developing efficient nanoformulations. Branched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms emanating from a central core junction have provided a pivotal venue to tailor their key parameters. The build-up of miktoarm stars offers vast polymer arm tunability, aiding in the development of macromolecules with adjustable properties, and allows facile inclusion of endogenous stimulus-responsive entities. Miktoarm star-based micelles have been demonstrated to exhibit denser coronae, very low critical micelle concentrations, high drug loading contents, and sustained drug release profiles. With significant advances in chemical methodologies, synthetic articulation of miktoarm polymer architecture, and determination of their structure-property relationships, are now becoming streamlined. This is helping advance their implementation into formulating efficient therapeutic interventions. This review brings into focus the important discoveries in the syntheses of miktoarm stars of varied compositions, their aqueous self-assembly, and contributions their formulations are making in advancing the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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Sharma A, Liaw K, Sharma R, Zhang Z, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Activated Microglia using Dendrimer-Based Therapeutics. Theranostics 2018; 8:5529-5547. [PMID: 30555562 PMCID: PMC6276292 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria has failed to translate into clinical success due to their nonspecific cellular localization, poor transport properties across multiple biological barriers, and associated side effects. These challenges, coupled with the complex function of the mitochondria, create the need for innovative delivery strategies. Methods: Neutral hydroxyl-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have shown significant potential as nanocarriers in multiple brain injury models. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a clinically used antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent which has shown significant potency when delivered in a targeted manner. Here we present a mitochondrial targeting hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimer-drug construct (TPP-D-NAC) with triphenyl-phosphonium (TPP) for mitochondrial targeting and NAC for targeted delivery to mitochondria in injured glia. Co-localization and mitochondrial content of mitochondria-targeted and unmodified dendrimer were assessed in microglia and macrophages in vitro via immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantification. Therapeutic improvements of TPP-D-NAC over dendrimer-NAC conjugate (D-NAC) and free NAC were evaluated in vitro in microglia under oxidative stress challenge. In vivo neuroinflammation targeting was confirmed in a rabbit model of TBI. Results: TPP-conjugated dendrimer co-localized significantly more with mitochondria than unmodified dendrimer without altering overall levels of cellular internalization. This targeting capability translated to significant improvements in the attenuation of oxidative stress by TPP-D-NAC compared to D-NAC and free NAC. Upon systemic administration in a rabbit TBI model, TPP-conjugated dendrimer co-localized specifically with mitochondria in activated microglia and macrophages in the white matter of the ipsilateral/injured hemisphere, confirming its BBB penetration and glial targeting capabilities. Conclusion: D-NAC has shown promising efficacy in many animal models of neurodegeneration, and this work provides evidence that modification for mitochondrial targeting can further enhance its therapeutic efficacy, particularly in diseases where oxidative stress-induced glial cell death plays a significant role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute - Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute - Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Sharma A, Porterfield JE, Smith E, Sharma R, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Effect of mannose targeting of hydroxyl PAMAM dendrimers on cellular and organ biodistribution in a neonatal brain injury model. J Control Release 2018; 283:175-189. [PMID: 29883694 PMCID: PMC6091673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurotherapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders must overcome challenges relating to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain tissue penetration, and the targeting of specific cells. Neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia is a major hallmark of several neurological disorders, making these cells a desirable therapeutic target. Building on the promise of hydroxyl-terminated generation four polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (D4-OH) for penetrating the injured BBB and targeting activated glia, we explored if conjugation of targeting ligands would enhance and modify brain and organ uptake. Since mannose receptors [cluster of differentiation (CD) 206] are typically over-expressed on injured microglia, we conjugated mannose to the surface of multifunctional D4-OH using highly efficient, atom-economical, and orthogonal Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry and evaluated the effect of mannose conjugation on the specific cell uptake of targeted and non-targeted dendrimers both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro results indicate that the conjugation of mannose as a targeting ligand significantly changes the mechanism of dendrimer internalization, giving mannosylated dendrimer a preference for mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis as opposed to non-specific fluid phase endocytosis. We further investigated the brain uptake and biodistribution of targeted and non-targeted fluorescently labeled dendrimers in a maternal intrauterine inflammation-induced cerebral palsy (CP) rabbit model using quantification methods based on fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. We found that the conjugation of mannose modified the distribution of D4-OH throughout the body in this neonatal rabbit CP model without lowering the amount of dendrimer delivered to injured glia in the brain, even though significantly higher glial uptake was not observed in this model. Mannose conjugation to the dendrimer modifies the dendrimer's interaction with cells, but does not minimize its inherent inflammation-targeting abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Joshua E Porterfield
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute - Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute - Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research Excellence, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Sharma R, Sharma A, Kambhampati SP, Reddy RR, Zhang Z, Cleland JL, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Scalable synthesis and validation of PAMAM dendrimer- N-acetyl cysteine conjugate for potential translation. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:87-101. [PMID: 30065965 PMCID: PMC6063872 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimer-N-acetyl cysteine (D-NAC) conjugate has shown significant promise in multiple preclinical models of brain injury and is undergoing clinical translation. D-NAC is a generation-4 hydroxyl-polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugate where N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is covalently bound through disulfide linkages on the surface of the dendrimer. It has shown remarkable potential to selectively target and deliver NAC to activated microglia and astrocytes at the site of brain injury in several animal models, producing remarkable improvements in neurological outcomes at a fraction of the free drug dose. Here we present a highly efficient, scalable, greener, well-defined route to the synthesis of D-NAC, and validate the structure, stability and activity to define the benchmarks for this compound. This newly developed synthetic route has significantly reduced the synthesis time from three weeks to one week, uses industry-friendly solvents/reagents, and involves simple purification procedures, potentially enabling efficient scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
| | - Siva P. Kambhampati
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
| | - Rajsekar Rami Reddy
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
| | | | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.BaltimoreMD21205
- Kennedy Krieger Institute – Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research ExcellenceBaltimoreMD21287
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of OphthalmologyWilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc.BaltimoreMD21205
- Kennedy Krieger Institute – Johns Hopkins University for Cerebral Palsy Research ExcellenceBaltimoreMD21287
- Dept.of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218
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Mi W, Qu Z, Sun J, Zhang F, Zhai L, Zhao J, Ye K. Pyrimidine-containing β-iminoenolate difluoroboron complexes acting as non-traditional π-gelators and mechanofluorochromic dyes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A xerogel-based film based on a mechanofluorochromic dye of a β-iminoenolate difluoroboron complex could detect TFA vapor with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Mi
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Qu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Fushuang Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- Sate Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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Elgqvist J. Nanoparticles as Theranostic Vehicles in Experimental and Clinical Applications-Focus on Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1102. [PMID: 28531102 PMCID: PMC5455010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. The American Cancer Society estimates that during 2016 in the USA around 430,000 individuals were diagnosed with one of these two types of cancers, and approximately 15% of them will die from the disease. In Europe, the rate of incidences and deaths are similar to those in the USA. Several different more or less successful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated in order to tackle this issue and thereby decrease the death rates. By using nanoparticles as vehicles carrying both diagnostic and therapeutic molecular entities, individualized targeted theranostic nanomedicine has emerged as a promising option to increase the sensitivity and the specificity during diagnosis, as well as the likelihood of survival or prolonged survival after therapy. This article presents and discusses important and promising different kinds of nanoparticles, as well as imaging and therapy options, suitable for theranostic applications. The presentation of different nanoparticles and theranostic applications is quite general, but there is a special focus on prostate cancer. Some references and aspects regarding breast cancer are however also presented and discussed. Finally, the prostate cancer case is presented in more detail regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, metastases, and treatment options available today, followed by possible ways to move forward applying theranostics for both prostate and breast cancer based on promising experiments performed until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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14
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Gobeze HB, Kumar S, D'Souza F, Ravikanth M. Strongly Coupled Oxasmaragdyrin-BF2Chelated Dipyrrin Dyads: Syntheses, X-ray Structure, Ground- and Excited-State Charge-Transfer Interactions. Chemistry 2016; 23:1546-1556. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habtom B. Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Texas; 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Sunit Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powa; Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Texas; 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
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15
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Shi Y, Cao X, Gao H. The use of azide-alkyne click chemistry in recent syntheses and applications of polytriazole-based nanostructured polymers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4864-4881. [PMID: 26879290 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of efficient organic click coupling reactions has significantly facilitated the construction of synthetic polymers with sophisticated branched nanostructures. This Feature Article summarizes the recent progress in the application of efficient copper-catalyzed and copper-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC and CuFAAC) reactions in the syntheses of dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, star polymers, graft polymers, molecular brushes, and cyclic graft polymers. Literature reports on the interesting properties and functions of these polytriazole-based nanostructured polymers are also discussed to illustrate their potential applications as self-healing polymers, adhesives, polymer catalysts, opto-electronic polymer materials and polymer carriers for drug and imaging molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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16
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Ghosh S, Chakraborty P, Chakrabarti A, Ghosh M, Mandal A, Saha P, Mukherjee A, Acharya S, Ray M. Biological activity of dendrimer–methylglyoxal complexes for improved therapeutic efficacy against malignant cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile strategy to synthesize polymer based conjugation of methylglyoxal which demonstrated inhibition against malignant cells with desired selectivity can revolutionize the cancer treatment via minimizing the human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Ghosh
- Centre for Advanced Materials
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Prabal Chakraborty
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - Adrita Chakrabarti
- Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Department of Botany
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | - Amit Mandal
- Polymer Science Unit
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Partha Saha
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata-700064
- India
| | - Anita Mukherjee
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Department of Botany
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- Centre for Advanced Materials
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Manju Ray
- Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata-700032
- India
- Division of Molecular Medicine
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17
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Zhang F, Lin YA, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Targeting specific cells in the brain with nanomedicines for CNS therapies. J Control Release 2015; 240:212-226. [PMID: 26686078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders still remains a major clinical challenge. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), known as the major hindrance, greatly limits therapeutics penetration into the brain. Moreover, even though some therapeutics can cross BBB based on their intrinsic properties or via the use of proper nanoscale delivery vehicles, their therapeutic efficacy is still often limited without the specific uptake of drugs by the cancer or disease-associated cells. As more studies have started to elucidate the pathological roles of major cells in the CNS (for example, microglia, neurons, and astrocytes) for different disorders, nanomedicines that can enable targeting of specific cells in these diseases may provide great potential to boost efficacy. In this review, we aim to briefly cover the pathological roles of endothelial cells, microglia, tumor-associated microglia/macrophage, neurons, astrocytes, and glioma in CNS disorders and to highlight the recent advances in nanomedicines that can target specific disease-associated cells. Furthermore, we summarized some strategies employed in nanomedicine to achieve specific cell targeting or to enhance the drug neuroprotective effects in the CNS. The specific targeting at the cellular level by nanotherapy can be a more precise and effective means not only to enhance the drug availability but also to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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18
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Sharma A, Kakkar A. Designing Dendrimer and Miktoarm Polymer Based Multi-Tasking Nanocarriers for Efficient Medical Therapy. Molecules 2015; 20:16987-7015. [PMID: 26393546 PMCID: PMC6332070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To address current complex health problems, there has been an increasing demand for smart nanocarriers that could perform multiple complimentary biological tasks with high efficacy. This has provoked the design of tailor made nanocarriers, and the scientific community has made tremendous effort in meeting daunting challenges associated with synthetically articulating multiple functions into a single scaffold. Branched and hyper-branched macromolecular architectures have offered opportunities in enabling carriers with capabilities including location, delivery, imaging etc. Development of simple and versatile synthetic methodologies for these nanomaterials has been the key in diversifying macromolecule based medical therapy and treatment. This review highlights the advancement from conventional "only one function" to multifunctional nanomedicine. It is achieved by synthetic elaboration of multivalent platforms in miktoarm polymers and dendrimers by physical encapsulation, covalent linking and combinations thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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19
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Moquin A, Sharma A, Cui Y, Lau A, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Asymmetric AB3Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Study of Micelle Stability Using AF4for Efficient Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1744-54. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moquin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Yiming Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Anthony Lau
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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20
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Cooper DL, Murrell DE, Roane DS, Harirforoosh S. Effects of formulation design on niacin therapeutics: mechanism of action, metabolism, and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:55-64. [PMID: 25987211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Niacin is a highly effective, lipid regulating drug associated with a number of metabolically induced side effects such as prostaglandin (PG) mediated flushing and hepatic toxicity. In an attempt to reduce the development of these adverse effects, scientists have investigated differing methods of niacin delivery designed to control drug release and alter metabolism. However, despite successful formulation of various orally based capsule and tablet delivery systems, patient adherence to niacin therapy is still compromised by adverse events such as PG-induced flushing. While the primary advantage of orally dosed formulations is ease of use, alternative delivery options such as transdermal delivery or polymeric micro/nanoparticle encapsulation for oral administration have shown promise in niacin reformulation. However, the effectiveness of these alternative delivery options in reducing inimical effects of niacin and maintaining drug efficacy is still largely unknown and requires more in-depth investigation. In this paper, we present an overview of niacin applications, its metabolic pathways, and current drug delivery formulations. Focus is placed on oral immediate, sustained, and extended release niacin delivery as well as combined statin and/or prostaglandin antagonist niacin formulation. We also examine and discuss current findings involving transdermal niacin formulations and polymeric micro/nanoparticle encapsulated niacin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin L Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Derek E Murrell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - David S Roane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Sam Harirforoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.
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21
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Lakshmi V, Rajeswara Rao M, Ravikanth M. Halogenated boron-dipyrromethenes: synthesis, properties and applications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2501-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and properties of halogenated boron-dipyrromethenes and their applications in developing various BODIPY systems are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellanki Lakshmi
- Department of chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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22
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Sharma R, Zhang I, Abbassi L, Rej R, Maysinger D, Roy R. A fast track strategy toward highly functionalized dendrimers with different structural layers: an “onion peel approach”. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy is described for the rapid syntheses of polyhydroxylated dendrimers in which the layer by layer building blocks are different from one another. The resulting dendrimers showed no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Leïla Abbassi
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Rabindra Rej
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam and Nanoqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
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23
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Sharma A, Mejía D, Regnaud A, Uhlig N, Li CJ, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Combined A 3 Coupling and Click Chemistry Approach for the Synthesis of Dendrimer-Based Biological Tools. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1079-1083. [PMID: 35610796 DOI: 10.1021/mz5006298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a versatile approach in which two highly efficient chemical reactions, multicomponent A3 coupling and alkyne-azide click chemistry, are combined to construct dendrimer-based tools for applications in biology. Using a convergent approach, dendrons with desired architecture and an alkyne at the focal point are first assembled and then stitched together via multicomponent A3 coupling reaction. The desired functional groups, including a stealth agent, imaging dye, and drug molecules, could be easily covalently linked to the surfaces of these hyperbranched macromolecules using alkyne-azide click chemistry. These A3-click dendrimers are noncytotoxic at concentrations as high as 1 μM and in fact reduce the toxicity of the drug. The dye-coated dendrimers specifically target and localize in lipid droplets. This unison methodology represents an attractive chemical strategy in exploiting the untapped potential of A3 coupling and facilitating the development of nanodevices for imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Diana Mejía
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade
Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Aurélie Regnaud
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Nick Uhlig
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade
Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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24
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Hofmann D, Messerschmidt C, Bannwarth MB, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Drug delivery without nanoparticle uptake: delivery by a kiss-and-run mechanism on the cell membrane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1369-71. [PMID: 24346146 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all concepts of nanocarriers as drug delivery devices rely on intracellular uptake. Instead, we demonstrate an alternative concept for rapid and specific delivery of cargo by nanoparticles to TIP47+/ADRP+ lipid droplets. The model can serve as a novel strategy for the non-invasive delivery of drugs by releasing hydrophobic cargo, in our case a model dye, through a kiss-and-run mechanism between nanoparticles and the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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25
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Sharma A, Mejía D, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Design and synthesis of multifunctional traceable dendrimers for visualizing drug delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional dendrimers with fluorescent molecules at the core light up cell compartments upon uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal, Canada
| | - Diana Mejía
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montreal, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- McGill University
- Montreal, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal, Canada
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26
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Avti PK, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Alkyne-azide "click" chemistry in designing nanocarriers for applications in biology. Molecules 2013; 18:9531-49. [PMID: 23966076 PMCID: PMC6270461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkyne-azide cycloaddition, popularly known as the "click" reaction, has been extensively exploited in molecule/macromolecule build-up, and has offered tremendous potential in the design of nanomaterials for applications in a diverse range of disciplines, including biology. Some advantageous characteristics of this coupling include high efficiency, and adaptability to the environment in which the desired covalent linking of the alkyne and azide terminated moieties needs to be carried out. The efficient delivery of active pharmaceutical agents to specific organelles, employing nanocarriers developed through the use of "click" chemistry, constitutes a continuing topical area of research. In this review, we highlight important contributions click chemistry has made in the design of macromolecule-based nanomaterials for therapeutic intervention in mitochondria and lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K. Avti
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Bélanger Est, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montréal, QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montréal, QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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27
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Neibert K, Gosein V, Sharma A, Khan M, Whitehead MA, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. "Click" dendrimers as anti-inflammatory agents: with insights into their binding from molecular modeling studies. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2502-8. [PMID: 23590185 DOI: 10.1021/mp4000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
These studies explore the relationship between the inhibitory actions of low generation dendrimers in stimulated microglia and dendrimer-enzyme interactions using in silico molecular modeling. Low generation (DG0 and DG1) dendrimers with acetylene and hydroxyl terminal groups were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity in microglia stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and the results were compared with those from the established anti-inflammatory agents, ibuprofen and celecoxib. We hypothesized that hydroxyl terminal groups of DG0 and DG1 dendrimers could interact with the active sites of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes due to their small size and favorable electrochemical properties. The enzymatic activity of iNOS and COX-2 was determined in the presence of low generation dendrimers using biochemical assays and their values related to dendrimer docking confirmations from in silico molecular modeling. We found that results from the molecular modeling studies correlated well with the in vitro biological data, suggesting that, indeed, hydroxyl terminal groups of low generation dendrimers enable multivalent macromolecular interactions, resulting in the inhibition of both iNOS and COX-2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Neibert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y5, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Dendrimers constitute an intriguing class of macromolecules which find applications in a variety of areas including biology. These hyperbranched macromolecules with tailored backbone and surface groups have been extensively investigated as nanocarriers for gene and drug delivery, by molecular encapsulation or covalent conjugation. Dendrimers have provided an excellent platform to develop multivalent and multifunctional nanoconjugates incorporating a variety of functional groups including drugs which are known to be anti-inflammatory agents. Recently, dendrimers have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties themselves. This unexpected and intriguing discovery has provided an additional impetus in designing novel active pharmaceutical agents. In this review, we highlight some of the recent developments in the field of dendrimers as nanoscale anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K. Avti
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada; École Polytechnique de Montreál, Canada; McGill University, Canada
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29
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Sharma A, Neibert K, Sharma R, Hourani R, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Facile Construction of Multifunctional Nanocarriers Using Sequential Click Chemistry for Applications in Biology. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Kevin Neibert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Rami Hourani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada
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30
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Soliman GM, Sharma A, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Dendrimers and miktoarm polymers based multivalent nanocarriers for efficient and targeted drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9572-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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