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Wang X, Chen Q, Li J, Tian W, Liu Z, Chen T. Recent adavances of functional modules for tooth regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7497-7518. [PMID: 39021127 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dental diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disorders, constitute a major global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide and often resulting in tooth loss. Traditional dental treatments, though beneficial, typically cannot fully restore the natural functions and structures of teeth. This limitation has prompted growing interest in innovative strategies for tooth regeneration methods. Among these, the use of dental stem cells to generate functional tooth modules represents an emerging and promising approach in dental tissue engineering. These modules aim to closely replicate the intricate morphology and essential physiological functions of dental tissues. Recent advancements in regenerative research have not only enhanced the assembly techniques for these modules but also highlighted their therapeutic potential in addressing various dental diseases. In this review, we discuss the latest progress in the construction of functional tooth modules, especially on regenerating dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and tooth roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Li XL, Fan W, Fan B. Dental pulp regeneration strategies: A review of status quo and recent advances. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:258-275. [PMID: 38745589 PMCID: PMC11090883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, physical factors such as temperature or mechanical injury, and chemical factors such as free monomers from composite resin are the main causes of dental pulp diseases. Current clinical treatment methods for pulp diseases include the root canal therapy, vital pulp therapy and regenerative endodontic therapy. Regenerative endodontic therapy serves the purpose of inducing the regeneration of new functional pulp tissues through autologous revascularization or pulp tissue engineering. This article first discusses the current clinical methods and reviews strategies as well as the research outcomes regarding the pulp regeneration. Then the in vivo models, the prospects and challenges for regenerative endodontic therapy were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079, Wuhan, China
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3
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Shah P, Aghazadeh M, Rajasingh S, Dixon D, Jain V, Rajasingh J. Stem cells in regenerative dentistry: Current understanding and future directions. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:288-299. [PMID: 38403241 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative dentistry aims to enhance the structure and function of oral tissues and organs. Modern tissue engineering harnesses cell and gene-based therapies to advance traditional treatment approaches. Studies have demonstrated the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative dentistry, with some progressing to clinical trials. This review comprehensively examines animal studies that have utilized MSCs for various therapeutic applications. Additionally, it seeks to bridge the gap between related findings and the practical implementation of MSC therapies, offering insights into the challenges and translational aspects involved in transitioning from preclinical research to clinical applications. HIGHLIGHTS To achieve this objective, we have focused on the protocols and achievements related to pulp-dentin, alveolar bone, and periodontal regeneration using dental-derived MSCs in both animal and clinical studies. Various types of MSCs, including dental-derived cells, bone-marrow stem cells, and umbilical cord stem cells, have been employed in root canals, periodontal defects, socket preservation, and sinus lift procedures. Results of such include significant hard tissue reconstruction, functional pulp regeneration, root elongation, periodontal ligament formation, and cementum deposition. However, cell-based treatments for tooth and periodontium regeneration are still in early stages. The increasing demand for stem cell therapies in personalized medicine underscores the need for scientists and responsible organizations to develop standardized treatment protocols that adhere to good manufacturing practices, ensuring high reproducibility, safety, and cost-efficiency. CONCLUSION Cell therapy in regenerative dentistry represents a growing industry with substantial benefits and unique challenges as it strives to establish sustainable, long-term, and effective oral tissue regeneration solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shah
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marziyeh Aghazadeh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas Dixon
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vinay Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Angjelova A, Jovanova E, Polizzi A, Annunziata M, Laganà L, Santonocito S, Isola G. Insights and Advancements in Periodontal Tissue Engineering and Bone Regeneration. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:773. [PMID: 38792956 PMCID: PMC11123221 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The regeneration of periodontal bone defects continues to be an essential therapeutic concern in dental biomaterials. Numerous biomaterials have been utilized in this sector so far. However, the immune response and vascularity in defect regions may be disregarded when evaluating the effectiveness of biomaterials for bone repair. Among several regenerative treatments, the most recent technique of in situ tissue engineering stands out for its ability to replicate endogenous restorative processes by combining scaffold with particular growth factors. Regenerative medicine solutions that combine biomaterials/scaffolds, cells, and bioactive substances have attracted significant interest, particularly for bone repair and regeneration. Dental stem cells (DSCs) share the same progenitor and immunomodulatory properties as other types of MSCs, and because they are easily isolable, they are regarded as desirable therapeutic agents in regenerative dentistry. Recent research has demonstrated that DSCs sown on newly designed synthetic bio-material scaffolds preserve their proliferative capacity while exhibiting increased differentiation and immuno-suppressive capabilities. As researchers discovered how short peptide sequences modify the adhesion and proliferative capacities of scaffolds by activating or inhibiting conventional osteogenic pathways, the scaffolds became more effective at priming MSCs. In this review, the many components of tissue engineering applied to bone engineering will be examined, and the impact of biomaterials on periodontal regeneration and bone cellular biology/molecular genetics will be addressed and updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Angjelova
- University Dental Clinical Center St. Pantelejmon, Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Elena Jovanova
- University Dental Clinical Center St. Pantelejmon, Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Annunziata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Laganà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.S.)
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Yuan W, Ferreira LDAQ, Yu B, Ansari S, Moshaverinia A. Dental-derived stem cells in tissue engineering: the role of biomaterials and host response. Regen Biomater 2023; 11:rbad100. [PMID: 38223292 PMCID: PMC10786679 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) are attractive cell sources due to their easy access, superior growth capacity and low immunogenicity. They can respond to multiple extracellular matrix signals, which provide biophysical and biochemical cues to regulate the fate of residing cells. However, the direct transplantation of DSCs suffers from poor proliferation and differentiation toward functional cells and low survival rates due to local inflammation. Recently, elegant advances in the design of novel biomaterials have been made to give promise to the use of biomimetic biomaterials to regulate various cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation and migration. Biomaterials could be tailored with multiple functionalities, e.g., stimuli-responsiveness. There is an emerging need to summarize recent advances in engineered biomaterials-mediated delivery and therapy of DSCs and their potential applications. Herein, we outlined the design of biomaterials for supporting DSCs and the host response to the transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Yuan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Section of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luiza de Almeida Queiroz Ferreira
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Section of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bo Yu
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Section of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Section of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Luo B, Luo Y, He L, Cao Y, Jiang Q. Residual periodontal ligament in the extraction socket promotes the dentin regeneration potential of DPSCs in the rabbit jaw. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:47. [PMID: 36941706 PMCID: PMC10029302 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the low regeneration efficiency and unclear underlying molecular mechanism, tooth regeneration applications are limited. In this study, we explored the influence of residual periodontal ligament on the dentin regeneration potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the jaw. METHODS To establish a tooth regeneration model, the incisors of New Zealand white rabbits were extracted while preserving residual periodontal ligament, followed by the implantation of DPSCs. After 3 months, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the volume, morphology and microstructure of regenerated tissue. Histological staining and immunostaining analyses were used to observe the morphological characteristics and expression of the dentin-specific proteins DMP1 and DSPP. To explore the mechanism, DPSCs and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were cocultured in vitro, and RNA was collected from the DPSCs for RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS The results of micro-CT and stereomicroscopy showed that the number of sites with regeneration and the volume of regenerated tissue in the DPSCs/PDL group (6/8, 1.07 ± 0.93 cm3) were larger than those in the DPSCs group (3/8, 0.23 ± 0.41 cm3). The results of SEM showed that the regenerated dentin-like tissue in the DPSCs and DPSCs/PDL groups contained dentin tubules. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining indicated that compared with the DPSCs group, the DPSCs/PDL group showed more regular regenerated tissue and higher expression levels of the dentin-specific proteins DMP1 and DSPP (DMP1: P = 0.02, DSPP: P = 0.01). RNA-seq showed that the coculture of DPSCs with PDLSCs resulted in the DPSCs differentially expressing 427 mRNAs (285 upregulated and 142 downregulated), 41 lncRNAs (26 upregulated and 15 downregulated), 411 circRNAs (224 upregulated and 187 downregulated), and 19 miRNAs (13 upregulated and 5 downregulated). Bioinformatic analysis revealed related Gene Ontology function and signalling pathways, including extracellular matrix (ECM), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling and chemokine signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Residual periodontal ligament in the extraction socket promotes the dentin regeneration potential of DPSCs in the jaw. RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis revealed that ECM, TNF signalling and chemokine signalling pathways may represent the key factors and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Liang Q, Liang C, Liu X, Xing X, Ma S, Huang H, Liang C, Liu L, Liao L, Tian W. Vascularized dental pulp regeneration using cell-laden microfiber aggregates. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:10097-10111. [PMID: 36458580 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of dental pulp via the transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has emerged as a novel therapy for dental pulp necrosis after inflammation and injury. However, providing sufficient oxygen and nutrients to support stem cell survival, self-renewal, and differentiation in the narrow root canal remains a great challenge. In this study, we explored a novel strategy based on cell-laden microfibers for dental pulp regeneration. Firstly, we fabricated suitable GelMA hydrogels that facilitate the survival and proliferation of DPSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and possess satisfactory biomechanical properties to generate microfibers. Two kinds of GelMA microfibers were fabricated with DPSCs and HUVECs via a silicone-tube-based coagulant bath-free method. Live/dead and Ki-67 immunofluorescence staining assays identified that these two cell lines maintained high survival rate and proliferation ability in GelMA microfibers. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that DPSCs fully spread in the microfibers and highly expressed CD90 and laminin. HUVECs positively express CD31 and VE-cad in microfibers and could migrate well in the GelMA hydrogel. In vitro permeation experiments confirmed the superiority of microfiber aggregates (MAs) in liquid permeation compared to GelMA hydrogel blocks. We further adopted an ectopic pulp regeneration assay in nude mice to validate the regeneration of the aggregates of mixed DPSC-microfibers and HUVEC-microfibers in vivo. Compared to a conventional mixture of DPSCs and HUVECs in GelMA hydrogel blocks, the aggregates of cell-laden microfibers generated more pulp-like tissue, blood vessels, and odontoblast-like cells that positively express DMP-1 and DSPP. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply cell-laden MAs for pulp regeneration. Our study proposes a new solution to the challenge of pulp regeneration, which might promote the clinical translation and application of stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shixing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Neural Regulations in Tooth Development and Tooth-Periodontium Complex Homeostasis: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214150. [PMID: 36430624 PMCID: PMC9698398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth-periodontium complex and its nerves have active reciprocal regulation during development and homeostasis. These effects are predominantly mediated by a range of molecules secreted from either the nervous system or the tooth-periodontium complex. Different strategies mimicking tooth development or physiological reparation have been applied to tooth regeneration studies, where the application of these nerve- or tooth-derived molecules has been proven effective. However, to date, basic studies in this field leave many vacancies to be filled. This literature review summarizes the recent advances in the basic studies on neural responses and regulation during tooth-periodontium development and homeostasis and points out some research gaps to instruct future studies. Deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tooth development and diseases will provide more clues for tooth regeneration.
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhan Y, Tang S, Deng P, Wang Z, Li J. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are verified to be potential seed candidates for bio-root regeneration in three-dimensional culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:234. [PMID: 35659736 PMCID: PMC9166419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-root regeneration is a promising treatment for tooth loss. It has been reported that dental-derived stem cells are effective seed cells for bio-root construction, but further applications are limited by their few sources. Human adipose tissues have a wide range of sources and numerous studies have confirmed the ability of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the odontogenic capacities of ASCs were compared with dental-derived stem cells including dental follicle cells (DFCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODS The biological characteristics of ASCs, DFCs, and SHEDs were explored in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were compared in vitro. Odontogenic characteristics of porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) induced cells under a 3D microenvironment in vitro were compared. The complexes (cell/pTDM) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to verify regenerative potential. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore molecular mechanisms of different seed cells in bio-root regeneration. RESULTS 3D culture was more efficient in constructing bio-root complexes. ASCs exhibited good biological characteristics similar to dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Besides, pTDM induced ASCs presented odontogenic ability similar to dental-derived stem cells. Furthermore, 3D cultured ASCs/pTDM complex promoted regeneration of dentin-like, pulp-like, and periodontal fiber-like tissues in vivo. Analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, VEGF signaling pathways may play key roles in the process of inducing ASCs odontogenic differentiation by pTDM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs are potential seed cells for pTDM-induced bio-root regeneration, providing a basis for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wang J, He W, Tan WS, Cai H. The chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/montmorillonite scaffolds incorporated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate-loaded chitosan microspheres for promoting osteogenesis of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:36. [PMID: 38647806 PMCID: PMC10991275 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a plant-derived flavonoid compound with the ability to promote the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. However, the effect of EGCG on the osteogenic differentiation of the human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) is rarely studied. Therefore, in this study, the osteogenic effects of EGCG are studied in the HUMSCs by detecting cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and the expression of relevant osteogenic markers. The results showed that EGCG can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the HUMSCs in vitro at a concentration of 2.5-5.0 μM. Unfortunately, the EGCG is easily metabolized by cells during cell culture, which reduces its bioavailability. Therefore, in this paper, EGCG-loaded microspheres (ECM) were prepared and embedded in chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose/montmorillonite (CS/CMC/MMT) scaffolds to form CS/CMC/MMT-ECM scaffolds for improving the bioavailability of EGCG. The HUMSCs were cultured on CS/CMC/MMT-ECM scaffolds to induce osteogenic differentiation. The results showed that the CS/CMC/MMT-ECM scaffold continuously released EGCG for up to 22 days. In addition, CS/CMC/MMT-ECM scaffolds can promote osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, the present study suggested that entrainment of ECM into CS/CMC/MMT scaffolds was a prospective scheme for promotion osteogenic differentiation of the HUMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wubo He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Liu T, Xu J, Pan X, Ding Z, Xie H, Wang X, Xie H. Advances of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-based biomaterial scaffolds for oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2467-2478. [PMID: 33553828 PMCID: PMC7850942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of oral and maxillofacial tissue defects caused by tumors, trauma, and congenital or acquired deformities has been a major challenge for surgeons over the last few decades. Autologous tissue transplantation, the gold standard of tissue reconstruction, is a valid method for repairing the oral and maxillofacial functions and aesthetics. However, several limitations hinder its clinical applications including complications of donor sites, limited tissue volume, and uncertain long-term outcomes. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) widely exist in adipose tissue and can be easily obtained through liposuction. Like the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), ADMSCs also have the multi-pluripotent potencies to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neurons, and myocytes. Therefore, the multilineage capacity of ADMSCs makes them valuable for cell-based medical therapies. In recent years, researchers have developed many candidates of ADMSCs-based biomaterial scaffolds to cater for the needs of oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering due to their superior performance. This review presents the advances and applications of ADMSCs-based biomaterial scaffolds, and explores their tissue engineering prospects in oral and maxillofacial reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhangfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Xie
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huixu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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12
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Morrison DG, Tomlinson RE. Leveraging Advancements in Tissue Engineering for Bioprinting Dental Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 23. [PMID: 34268456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting allows biocompatible materials and cells to be deposited in precise locations in three-dimensional space, enabling researchers to surpass the limitations of traditional 2D cell culture and to create innovative therapies. 3D bioprinting is one of the newest tools developed in the field of tissue engineering, which has traditionally utilized a paradigm revolving around scaffolds, cells, and signals. In this review, we discuss how new developments in each of these three research areas relates to bioprinting dental tissues - specifically teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Important considerations include how scaffold materials and geometry affect regeneration of dental tissues, the importance of using dental cells in these applications, and the role of signaling molecules for creating a clinically relevant bioengineered dental implant. We conclude with potential new directions for research that would allow the burgeoning field of regenerative dentistry to achieve its lofty goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Grace Morrison
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Application of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry: A Systematic Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:266-271. [PMID: 34268188 PMCID: PMC8257006 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_43_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to systematically review the applications of adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) in regenerative dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was conducted in Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases. The original research associated with the role of ADSCs in regeneration of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum as well as the dental pulp was evaluated. Among the included studies, three animal studies and one human study had low risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 33 relevant studies were included in the review. The animal models, in vivo human, and in vitro studies revealed that ADSCs had a significant osteogenic differentiation potential. Besides, they had potential to differentiate into PDL, cementum, and dental pulp tissue. CONCLUSION The ADSCs may be specifically applied for bone tissue engineering in the management of alveolar bone defects, specifically in dental implants and periodontal disease. However, their role in regeneration of PDL, cementum, and dental pulp requires further investigations. Overall, their applications in regenerative dentistry needs further verification through human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
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14
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Wang C, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang H, Cao Y, Xia D, Cao Y, Fan Z. SFRP2 enhances dental pulp stem cell-mediated dentin regeneration in rabbit jaw. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1738-1746. [PMID: 33128313 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated tooth regeneration may be a useful therapeutic tool for repairing tooth loss. However, the low success rate of tooth regeneration restricts its clinical application. Identifying key factors for enhancing dentinogenesis in MSCs is crucial for promoting tooth regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were transfected with retrovirus to obtain SFRP2-over-expressing DPSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red staining, quantitative analysis of calcium, and dentinogenesis-related genes were detected. Additionally, transplantation in a rabbit tooth extraction model was used to explore the role of SFRP2 in dentin regeneration. RESULTS We found SFRP2 over-expression greatly enhanced ALP activity, and mineralization in DPSCs. Real-time RT-PCR revealed SFRP2 over-expression promoted the expressions of OSX, RUNX2, DSPP, DMP1, and BSP. Moreover, Micro CT analysis showed high-density calcification occurred to a much higher extent in SFRP2 over-expressing group compared to control group in vivo. Additionally, HE staining, immmunohistochemistry staining, and scanning electron microscopy results showed much more dentin-like tissue formed in SFRP2 over-expressing group compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed SFRP2 is an important regulator that enhances the dentinogenesis of DPSCs and dentin regeneration in the jaw, which may have clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - DengSheng Xia
- Department of General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of General Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Tawfik Tadros MS, El-Baz MAES, Khairy MAEK. Dental stem cells in tooth repair: A systematic review. F1000Res 2019; 8:1955. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable teeth cells, which help maintain or develop oral tissues. These cells can differentiate into odontoblasts, adipocytes, cementoblast-like cells, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts and form dentin/pulp. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of these cells in dental pulp regeneration. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Case reports and non-English studies were excluded. We included all studies using dental stem cells in tooth repair whether in vivo or in vitro studies. Results: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) is the most common type of cell. Most stem cells are incorporated and implanted into the root canals in different scaffold forms. Some experiments combine growth factors such as TDM, BMP, and G-CSF with stem cells to improve the results. The transplant of DPSCs and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) was found to be associated with pulp-like recovery, efficient revascularization, enhanced chondrogenesis, and direct vascular supply of regenerated tissue. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that DPSCs, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and SCAPs are capable of providing sufficient pulp regeneration and vascularization. For the development of the dental repair field, it is important to screen for more effective stem cells, dentine releasing therapies, good biomimicry scaffolds, and good histological markers.
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16
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Yang H, Li G, Han N, Zhang X, Cao Y, Cao Y, Fan Z. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 promotes the osteo/odontogenic differentiation and paracrine potentials of stem cells from apical papilla under inflammation and hypoxia conditions. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12694. [PMID: 31568642 PMCID: PMC6985663 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based dental tissue regeneration is a potential treatment method in future, while inflammation and hypoxia niche will affect MSC‐mediated tissue regeneration. In this research, we intended to investigate the influence and mechanism of secreted frizzled‐related protein 2(SFRP2) on MSC function under inflammation and hypoxia conditions. Material and methods Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) were used in this study. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S staining, scratch‐simulated wound migration and transwell chemotaxis assay were used to evaluate the functions of SFRP2. The Western blot, real‐time RT‐PCR and ChIP assays were used to evaluate the mechanism of SFRP2. Results Under inflammation and hypoxia conditions, the over‐expression of SFRP2 could enhance the osteo/odontogenic differentiation ability. Mechanismly, SFRP2 inhibited canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway and then inhibited the target genes of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) signalling pathway. Inflammation or hypoxia conditions could promote the expression of lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) and repress SFRP2 transcription through decreasing histone methylation in the SFRP2 promoter. Besides, proteomic analysis showed that SFRP2 promoted SCAPs to secret more functional cytokines, which improve the migration, chemotaxis and osteo/odontogenic ability of MSCs. Conclusions Our discoveries revealed that SFRP2 enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation and paracrine potentials of SCAPs under hypoxia and inflammation conditions and provided a potential cytokine for promoting tissue regeneration in hypoxia and inflammatory niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Periodontology, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of General Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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17
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Dziedzic DSM, Mogharbel BF, Ferreira PE, Irioda AC, de Carvalho KAT. Transplantation of Adipose-derived Cells for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:504-518. [PMID: 30394216 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666181105144430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the transplantation of cells derived from adipose tissue for applications in dentistry. SCOPUS, PUBMED and LILACS databases were searched for in vitro studies and pre-clinical animal model studies using the keywords "ADIPOSE", "CELLS", and "PERIODONTAL", with the Boolean operator "AND". A total of 160 titles and abstracts were identified, and 29 publications met the inclusion criteria, 14 in vitro and 15 in vivo studies. In vitro studies demonstrated that adipose- derived cells stimulate neovascularization, have osteogenic and odontogenic potential; besides adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on probable cell carriers. Preclinical studies described improvement of bone and periodontal healing with the association of adipose-derived cells and the carrier materials tested: Platelet Rich Plasma, Fibrin, Collagen and Synthetic polymer. There is evidence from the current in vitro and in vivo data indicating that adipose-derived cells may contribute to bone and periodontal regeneration. The small quantity of studies and the large variation on study designs, from animal models, cell sources and defect morphology, did not favor a meta-analysis. Additional studies need to be conducted to investigate the regeneration variability and the mechanisms of cell participation in the processes. An overview of animal models, cell sources, and scaffolds, as well as new perspectives are provided for future bone and periodontal regeneration study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilcele Silva Moreira Dziedzic
- Pele Pequeno Principe Institute for Child and Adolescent Health Research, Pequeno Principe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
- Dentistry Faculty, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Pele Pequeno Principe Institute for Child and Adolescent Health Research, Pequeno Principe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Priscila Elias Ferreira
- Pele Pequeno Principe Institute for Child and Adolescent Health Research, Pequeno Principe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Pele Pequeno Principe Institute for Child and Adolescent Health Research, Pequeno Principe Faculty, Curitiba, Brazil
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18
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The role of stem cell therapy in regeneration of dentine-pulp complex: a systematic review. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:249-268. [PMID: 30267369 PMCID: PMC6304177 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of the dental pulp will result in inflammation and eventually tissue necrosis which is treated conventionally by pulpectomy and root canal treatment. Advances in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering along with the introduction of new sources of stem cells have led to the possibility of pulp tissue regeneration. This systematic review analyzes animal studies published since 2010 to determine the ability of stem cell therapy to regenerate the dentine-pulp complex (DPC) and the success of clinical protocols. In vitro and human clinical studies are excluded and only the experimental studies on animal models were included. Dental pulp stem cells constitute the most commonly used cell type. The majority of stem cells are incorporated into various types of scaffold and implanted into root canals. Some of the studies combine growth factors with stem cells in an attempt to improve the outcome. Studies of ectopic transplantation using small animal models are simple and non-systematic evaluation techniques. Stem cell concentrations have not been so far reported; therefore, the translational value of such animal studies remains questionable. Though all types of stem cells appear capable of regenerating a dentine-pulp complex, still several factors have been considered in selecting the cell type. Co-administrative factors are essential for inducing the systemic migration of stem cells, and their vascularization and differentiation into odontoblast-like cells. Scaffolds provide a biodegradable structure able to control the release of growth factors. To identify problems and reduce costs, novel strategies should be initially tested in subcutaneous or renal capsule implantation followed by root canal models to confirm results.
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19
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Tatsuhiro F, Seiko T, Yusuke T, Reiko TT, Kazuhito S. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived, Scaffold-Free Constructs for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071846. [PMID: 29932167 PMCID: PMC6073779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a scaffold-free tissue construct was developed as an approach for the regeneration of tissue defects, which produced good outcomes. We fabricated a scaffold-free tissue construct from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs construct), and examined the characteristics of the construct. For its fabrication, basal sheets prepared by 4-week hDPSCs culturing were subjected to 1-week three-dimensional culture, with or without osteogenic induction, whereas hDPSC sheets (control) were fabricated by 1-week culturing of basal sheets on monolayer culture. The hDPSC constructs formed a spherical structure and calcified matrix that are absent in the control. The expression levels for bone-related genes in the hDPSC constructs were significantly upregulated compared with those in the control. Moreover, the hDPSC constructs with osteogenic induction had a higher degree of calcified matrix formation, and higher expression levels for bone-related genes, than those for the hDPSC constructs without osteogenic induction. These results suggest that the hDPSC constructs with osteogenic induction are composed of cells and extracellular and calcified matrices, and that they can be a possible scaffold-free material for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukushima Tatsuhiro
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsrumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Tatehara Seiko
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsrumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Takebe Yusuke
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsrumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Tokuyama-Toda Reiko
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsrumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Satomura Kazuhito
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsrumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
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20
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Dental Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Exosomes. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8973613. [PMID: 29760738 PMCID: PMC5924966 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8973613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from human dental pulp tissue (DP-MSC) differ from the other mesenchymal stem cells prepared from bone marrow or adipose tissue due to their embryonic origin from the neural crest and are of special interest because of their neurotropic character. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of DP-MSCs is realized through paracrine action of extracellularly released components, for which exosomes play an important role. In this review, we intend to explore the properties of these cells with an emphasis on exosomes. The therapeutic applicability of these cells and exosomes in dental practice, neurodegenerative diseases, and many other difficultly treatable diseases, like myocardial infarction, focal cerebral ischemia, acute lung or brain injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute inflammation, and several others is concisely covered. The use of cellular exosomes as an important diagnostic marker and indicator of targeted cancer therapies is also discussed, while the importance of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth as a source of evolutionally young cells for future regenerative therapies is stressed. We conclude that exosomes derived from these cells are potent therapeutic tools for regenerative medicine in the near future as clinical administration of DP-MSC-conditioned medium and/or exosomes is safer and more practical than stem cells.
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21
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22
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Adult Stem Cells of Orofacial Origin: Current Knowledge and Limitation and Future Trend in Regenerative Medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:719-733. [PMID: 30603522 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research is one of the most rapidly expanding field of medicine which provides significant opportunities for therapeutic and regenerative applications. Different types of stem cells have been isolated investigating their accessibility, control of the differentiation pathway and additional immunomodulatory properties. Bulk of the literature focus has been on the study and potential applications of adult stem cells (ASC) because of their low immunogenicity and reduced ethical considerations. This review paper summarizes the basic available literature on different types of ASC with special focus on stem cells from dental and orofacial origin. ASC have been isolated from different sources, however, isolation of ASC from orofacial tissues has provided a novel promising alternative. These cells offer a great potential in the future of therapeutic and regenerative medicine because of their remarkable availability at low cost while allowing minimally invasive isolation procedures. Furthermore, their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential is of particular interest. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature regarding their particular biology and full clinical potentials. Sound knowledge and higher control over proliferation and differentiation mechanisms are prerequisites for clinical applications of these cells. Therefore, further standardized basic and translational studies are required to increase the reproducibility and reduce the controversies of studies, which in turn facilitate comparison of related literature and enhance further development in the field.
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Abstract
Currently regeneration of tooth and periodontal damage still remains great challenge. Stem cell-based tissue engineering raised novel therapeutic strategies for tooth and periodontal repair. Stem cells for tooth and periodontal regeneration include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To date, substantial advances have been made in stem cell-based tooth and periodontal regeneration, including dentin-pulp, whole tooth, bioroot and periodontal regeneration. Translational investigations have been performed such as dental stem cell banking and clinical trials. In this review, we present strategies for stem cell-based tissue engineering for tooth and periodontal repair, and the translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Hou L, Zhao D, Pan M, Wang Z, Hu H, He J. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells on melanoma cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1358-1374. [PMID: 28733866 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of MSCs on melanoma proliferation. METHODS The inhibitory effect of MSCs on melanoma A375 cells was detected by co-culture and conditioned medium (CM) experiments using MTT method. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Then, Western Blot experiment detected the expression of proteins related to NF-κB signaling in A375 cells. The expression of IL-1Ra in MSCs was proved by RT-PCR. The over-expression and silencing vector pcDNA3.1-EGFP-IL-1Ra and pGPH1-IL-1R were constructed and transfected into MSCs cells. After that, the changes of inhibitory effect and cell cycle from MSCs-S and MSCs-O CM on A375 cells were explored. The expression of proteins related to NF-κB signaling in A375 cells after MSCs-S or MSCs-O CM treatment was detected by Western Blot. MSCs, MSCs-S, or MSCs-O and A375 cells were co-injected into nude mice under the arms, the growth of tumor was observed, the frozen sections were made, and H&E staining of tumor tissue was performed. RESULTS The proliferation of A375 cells was inhibited and the cell cycle of A375 was arrested by MSCs. The expressions of cytokines related to NF-κB signaling were down-regulated. Over-expression and silence of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), specifically blocking activation of NF-κB signaling, indicated that inhibitory effect from MSCs was enhanced or weakened respectively, which suggested that IL-1Ra was involved in the inhibitory effect. In vivo, tumor initiation and growth were significantly inhibited when A375 cells were co-injected with MSCs into nude mice, which were related to the expression level of IL-1Ra. CONCLUSION MSCs could inhibit the proliferation and tumor initiation of melanoma A375 cells through NF-κB signaling. MSCs could secret IL-1Ra and inhibit expressions of NF-κB signaling-related factors of tumor cells, and cause cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - L Hou
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - D Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - M Pan
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - H Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - J He
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
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25
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Takebe Y, Tatehara S, Fukushima T, Tokuyama-Toda R, Yasuhara R, Mishima K, Satomura K. Cryopreservation Method for the Effective Collection of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:251-261. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takebe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Seiko Tatehara
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Fukushima
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reiko Tokuyama-Toda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Satomura
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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26
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Chalisserry EP, Nam SY, Park SH, Anil S. Therapeutic potential of dental stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417702531. [PMID: 28616151 PMCID: PMC5461911 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417702531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been isolated from human dental tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle progenitor cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Dental stem cells are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. The dental stem cells represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. The bioengineering technologies developed for tooth regeneration will make substantial contributions to understand the developmental process and will encourage future organ replacement by regenerative therapies in a wide variety of organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. The concept of developing tooth banking and preservation of dental stem cells is promising. Further research in the area has the potential to herald a new dawn in effective treatment of notoriously difficult diseases which could prove highly beneficial to mankind in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Paul Chalisserry
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyug Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Chieruzzi M, Pagano S, Moretti S, Pinna R, Milia E, Torre L, Eramo S. Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering In Dentistry. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6070134. [PMID: 28335262 PMCID: PMC5224610 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tissue engineering (TE) of dental oral tissue is facing significant changes in clinical treatments in dentistry. TE is based on a stem cell, signaling molecule, and scaffold triad that must be known and calibrated with attention to specific sectors in dentistry. This review article shows a summary of micro- and nanomorphological characteristics of dental tissues, of stem cells available in the oral region, of signaling molecules usable in TE, and of scaffolds available to guide partial or total reconstruction of hard, soft, periodontal, and bone tissues. Some scaffoldless techniques used in TE are also presented. Then actual and future roles of nanotechnologies about TE in dentistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Chieruzzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-UdR INSTM-University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima, 4-05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-University of Perugia Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Science-University of Sassari viale San Pietro 43/C -07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Egle Milia
- Department of Biomedical Science-University of Sassari viale San Pietro 43/C -07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-UdR INSTM-University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima, 4-05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Stefano Eramo
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
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Katsiani E, Garas A, Skentou C, Tsezou A, Messini CI, Dafopoulos K, Daponte A, Messinis IE. Chorionic villi derived mesenchymal like stem cells and expression of embryonic stem cells markers during long-term culturing. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 17:517-29. [PMID: 27139894 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a variety of human tissues. MSCs derived from placental chorionic villi of the first trimester are likely to resemble, biologically, embryonic stem cells (ESC), due to the earlier development stage of placenta. In the present study long-term cultures of MSC-like cells were assessed in order to evaluate MSCs multipotent characteristics and molecular features during the period of culture. CV-cells obtained from 10 samples of chorionic villus displayed typical fibroblastoid morphology, undergone 20 passages during a period of 120 days, maintaining a stable karyotype throughout long term expansion. The cells were positive, for CD90, CD73, CD105, CD29, CD44, HLA ABC antigens and negative for CD14, CD34, AC133, and HLA DR antigens as resulted from the flow cytometry analysis. CV-cells were differentiated in adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neuronal cells under specific culture conditions. The expression of the ESC-gene markers POU5F1 (Oct-4) and NANOG was observed at earliest stages (4-12 passages) and not at the late stages (14-20 passages) by RT-PCR analysis. ZFP42 and SOX2 expression were not detected. Moreover, CV-cells were found to express GATA4 but not NES (Nestin). Chorionic villi-derived cells possess multipotent properties, display high proliferation rate and self-renew capacity, share common surface antigens with adult MSCs and express certain embryonics stem cells gene markers. These characteristics highlight chorionic villi as an attractive source of MSCs for the needs of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Katsiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Garas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - C Skentou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Tsezou
- Department of Biology and Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - C I Messini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - K Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - A Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - I E Messinis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110, Viopolis, Larissa, Greece.
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29
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Current Advance and Future Prospects of Tissue Engineering Approach to Dentin/Pulp Regenerative Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9204574. [PMID: 27069484 PMCID: PMC4812497 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9204574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in biomaterial science and tissue engineering technology have greatly spurred the development of regenerative endodontics. This has led to a paradigm shift in endodontic treatment from simply filling the root canal systems with biologically inert materials to restoring the infected dental pulp with functional replacement tissues. Currently, cell transplantation has gained increasing attention as a scientifically valid method for dentin-pulp complex regeneration. This multidisciplinary approach which involves the interplay of three key elements of tissue engineering—stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules—has produced an impressive number of favorable outcomes in preclinical animal studies. Nevertheless, many practical hurdles need to be overcome prior to its application in clinical settings. Apart from the potential health risks of immunological rejection and pathogenic transmission, the lack of a well-established banking system for the isolation and storage of dental-derived stem cells is the most pressing issue that awaits resolution and the properties of supportive scaffold materials vary across different studies and remain inconsistent. This review critically examines the classic triad of tissue engineering utilized in current regenerative endodontics and summarizes the possible techniques developed for dentin/pulp regeneration.
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30
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Mele L, Vitiello PP, Tirino V, Paino F, De Rosa A, Liccardo D, Papaccio G, Desiderio V. Changing Paradigms in Cranio-Facial Regeneration: Current and New Strategies for the Activation of Endogenous Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2016; 7:62. [PMID: 26941656 PMCID: PMC4764712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial area represent a unique district of human body characterized by a very high complexity of tissues, innervation and vascularization, and being deputed to many fundamental function such as eating, speech, expression of emotions, delivery of sensations such as taste, sight, and earing. For this reasons, tissue loss in this area following trauma or for example oncologic resection, have a tremendous impact on patients' quality of life. In the last 20 years regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising approach to solve problem related to trauma, tissue loss, organ failure etc. One of the most powerful tools to be used for tissue regeneration is represented by stem cells, which have been successfully implanted in different tissue/organs with exciting results. Nevertheless, both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation raise many practical and ethical concerns that make this approach very difficult to apply in clinical practice. For this reason different cell free approaches have been developed aiming to the mobilization, recruitment, and activation of endogenous stem cells into the injury site avoiding exogenous cells implant but instead stimulating patients' own stem cells to repair the lesion. To this aim many strategies have been used including functionalized bioscaffold, controlled release of stem cell chemoattractants, growth factors, BMPs, Platelet-Rich-Plasma, and other new strategies such as ultrasound wave and laser are just being proposed. Here we review all the current and new strategies used for activation and mobilization of endogenous stem cells in the regeneration of craniofacial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Medical Oncology, Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara," Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Department of Odontology and Surgery, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
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31
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Demirci S, Doğan A, Şahin F. Dental Stem Cells vs. Other Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Pluripotency and Role in Regenerative Medicine. DENTAL STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Ye L, Chen L, Feng F, Cui J, Li K, Li Z, Liu L. Bone marrow-derived stromal cells are more beneficial cell sources for tooth regeneration compared with adipose-derived stromal cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1151-61. [PMID: 25965323 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tooth loss is presently a global epidemic and tooth regeneration is thought to be a feasible and ideal treatment approach. Choice of cell source is a primary concern in tooth regeneration. In this study, the odontogenic differentiation potential of two non-dental-derived stem cells, adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs), were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. ADSCs and BMSCs were induced in vitro in the presence of tooth germ cell-conditioned medium (TGC-CM) prior to implantation into the omentum majus of rats, in combination with inactivated dentin matrix (IDM). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of odontogenic-related genes. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical assays were used to detect the protein levels of odontogenic-specific genes, such as DSP and DMP-1 both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that both ADSCs and BMSCs have odontogenic differentiation potential. However, the odontogenic potential of BMSCs was greater compared with ADSCs, showing that BMSCs are a more appropriate cell source for tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Fan Feng
- Air Force Dujiangyan Aviation Medicine Evaluation and Train Center, No. 18, Juqing Road, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, 611830, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Kaide Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Davies OG, Cooper PR, Shelton RM, Smith AJ, Scheven BA. A comparison of the in vitro mineralisation and dentinogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow and dental pulp. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:371-82. [PMID: 24997523 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies provide a biological basis for the regeneration of mineralised tissues. Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue (ADSCs), bone marrow (BMSCs) and dental pulp (DPSCs) have the capacity to form mineralised tissue. However, studies comparing the capacity of ADSCs with BMSCs and DPSCs for mineralised tissue engineering are lacking, and their ability to regenerate dental tissues has not been fully explored. Characterisation of the cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR for MSC markers indicated that they were immunophenotypically similar. Alizarin red (AR) staining and micro-computed tomography (µCT) analyses demonstrated that the osteogenic potential of DPSCs was significantly greater than that of BMSCs and ADSCs. Scanning electron microscopy and AR staining showed that the pattern of mineralisation in DPSC cultures differed from ADSCs and BMSCs, with DPSC cultures lacking defined mineralised nodules and instead forming a diffuse layer of low-density mineral. Dentine matrix components (DMCs) were used to promote dentinogenic differentiation. Their addition to cultures resulted in increased amounts of mineral deposited in all three cultures and significantly increased the density of mineral deposited in BMSC cultures, as determined by µCT analysis. Addition of DMCs also increased the relative gene expression levels of the dentinogenic markers dentine sialophosphoprotein and dentine matrix protein 1 in ADSC and BMSC cultures. In conclusion, DPSCs show the greatest potential to produce a comparatively high volume of mineralised matrix; however, both dentinogenesis and mineral volume was enhanced in ADSC and BMSC cultures by DMCs, suggesting that these cells show promise for regenerative dental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Davies
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK,
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Fujii S, Fujimoto K, Goto N, Kanawa M, Kawamoto T, Pan H, Srivatanakul P, Rakdang W, Pornprasitwech J, Saskianti T, Suardita K, Nishimura F, Kato Y. Characteristic expression of MSX1, MSX2, TBX2 and ENTPD1 in dental pulp cells. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:566-572. [PMID: 26171167 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are a promising source of transplantable cells in regenerative medicine. However, DPCs have not been fully characterized at the molecular level. The aim of the present study was to distinguish DPCs from various source-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts (FBs) and other cells by the expression of several DPC-characteristic genes. DPCs were isolated from human pulp tissues by the explant method or the enzyme digestion method, and maintained with media containing 10% serum or 7.5% platelet-rich plasma. RNA was isolated from the cells and from dental pulp tissue specimens. The mRNA levels were determined by DNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. The msh homeobox 1, msh homeobox 2, T-box 2 and ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 mRNA levels in DPCs were higher than that of the levels identified in the following cell types: MSCs derived from bone marrow, synovium and adipose tissue; and in cells such as FBs, osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. The enhanced expression in DPCs was consistently observed irrespective of donor age, tooth type and culture medium. In addition, these genes were expressed at high levels in dental pulp tissue in vivo. In conclusion, this gene set may be useful in the identification and characterization of DPCs in basic studies and pulp cell-based regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Fujii
- Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriko Goto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masami Kanawa
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Haiou Pan
- Two Cells Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | | | - Waralak Rakdang
- BioEden Asia Co., Ltd., Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Tania Saskianti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suardita
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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35
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Chen YJ, Zhao YH, Zhao YJ, Liu NX, Lv X, Li Q, Chen FM, Zhang M. Potential dental pulp revascularization and odonto-/osteogenic capacity of a novel transplant combined with dental pulp stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:439-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Tan L, Wang J, Yin S, Zhu W, Zhou G, Cao Y, Cen L. Regeneration of dentin–pulp-like tissue using an injectable tissue engineering technique. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An injectable tissue engineering technique to regenerate dentin–pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
- School of Stomatology
- Ninth People’s Hospital
- Medical College
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Shuo Yin
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
- School of Stomatology
- Ninth People’s Hospital
- Medical College
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lian Cen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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37
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Differences of isolated dental stem cells dependent on donor age and consequences for autologous tooth replacement. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:559-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tatullo M, Marrelli M, Shakesheff KM, White LJ. Dental pulp stem cells: function, isolation and applications in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:1205-16. [PMID: 24850632 DOI: 10.1002/term.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications. Their natural function in the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin support applications in dentistry in the regeneration of tooth structures. However, they are also being investigated for the repair of tissues outside of the tooth. The ease of isolation of DPSCs from discarded or removed teeth offers a promising source of autologous cells, and their similarities with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) suggest applications in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. DPSCs are derived from the neural crest and, therefore, have a different developmental origin to BMSCs. These differences from BMSCs in origin and phenotype are being exploited in neurological and other applications. This review briefly highlights the source and functions of DPSCs and then focuses on in vivo applications across the breadth of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Section, St. E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Kevin M Shakesheff
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Lisa J White
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK
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Steindorff MM, Lehl H, Winkel A, Stiesch M. Innovative approaches to regenerate teeth by tissue engineering. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang P, Wei X, Zhang F, Yang K, Qu C, Luo H, He L. Ginsenoside Rg1 of Panax ginseng stimulates the proliferation, odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation and gene expression profiles of human dental pulp stem cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:177-183. [PMID: 24075212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) play an important role in the dentin formation, reparation and tooth tissue engineering. This study investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms. [³H]-thymidine incorporation assay and cell cycle analysis were applied to investigate the proliferation of hDPSCs after the treatment of ginsenoside Rg1. Immunocytochemistry analysis and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) were performed to evaluate the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Gene and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were detected by FQ-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Roche Nimblegen Whole Human Genome Expression profile microarray was used to detected representative gene expression profiles of hDPSCs by ginsenoside Rg1. The results indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly increased hDPSCs proliferation (p<0.05). Gene expressions of DSPP, ALP, OCN, BMP-2, FGF2 and protein expressions of BMP-2 and FGF2 were increased compared with the untreated group (p<0.05). Gene expression profile analysis revealed that 2059 differentially expressed genes were detected by ginsenoside Rg1. Ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs through alteration of gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huiqiong Luo
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Longzhu He
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Bonnamain V, Thinard R, Sergent-Tanguy S, Huet P, Bienvenu G, Naveilhan P, Farges JC, Alliot-Licht B. Human dental pulp stem cells cultured in serum-free supplemented medium. Front Physiol 2013; 4:357. [PMID: 24376422 PMCID: PMC3858652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence show that human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could provide a source of adult stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies. In this study, DPSCs were expanded and cultured with a protocol generally used for the culture of neural stem/progenitor cells. Methodology: DPSC cultures were established from third molars. The pulp tissue was enzymatically digested and cultured in serum-supplemented basal medium for 12 h. Adherent (ADH) and non-adherent (non-ADH) cell populations were separated according to their differential adhesion to plastic and then cultured in serum-free defined N2 medium with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Both ADH and non-ADH populations were analyzed by FACS and/or PCR. Results: FACS analysis of ADH-DPSCs revealed the expression of the mesenchymal cell marker CD90, the neuronal marker CD56, the transferrin receptor CD71, and the chemokine receptor CXCR3, whereas hematopoietic stem cells markers CD45, CD133, and CD34 were not expressed. ADH-DPSCs expressed transcripts coding for the Nestin gene, whereas expression levels of genes coding for the neuronal markers β-III tubulin and NF-M, and the oligodendrocyte marker PLP-1 were donor dependent. ADH-DPSCs did not express the transcripts for GFAP, an astrocyte marker. Cells of the non-ADH population that grew as spheroids expressed Nestin, β-III tubulin, NF-M and PLP-1 transcripts. DPSCs that migrated out of the spheroids exhibited an odontoblast-like morphology and expressed a higher level of DSPP and osteocalcin transcripts than ADH-DPSCs. Conclusion: Collectively, these data indicate that human DPSCs can be expanded and cultured in serum-free supplemented medium with EGF and bFGF. ADH-DPSCs and non-ADH populations contained neuronal and/or oligodendrocyte progenitors at different stages of commitment and, interestingly, cells from spheroid structures seem to be more engaged into the odontoblastic lineage than the ADH-DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bonnamain
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | - Solène Sergent-Tanguy
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Huet
- Service Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Stomatologie, CHU de Nantes, University of Nantes Nantes, France
| | | | - Philippe Naveilhan
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France
| | | | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- INSERM, UMR1064 ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation Nantes, France ; Faculty of Odontology, University of Nantes Nantes, France
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Requicha JF, Viegas CA, Muñoz F, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Periodontal tissue engineering strategies based on nonoral stem cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:6-15. [PMID: 24293355 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease which constitutes an important health problem in humans due to its enormous prevalence and life threatening implications on systemic health. Routine standard periodontal treatments include gingival flaps, root planning, application of growth/differentiation factors or filler materials and guided tissue regeneration. However, these treatments have come short on achieving regeneration ad integrum of the periodontium, mainly due to the presence of tissues from different embryonic origins and their complex interactions along the regenerative process. Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate damaged tissue by providing the repair site with a suitable scaffold seeded with sufficient undifferentiated cells and, thus, constitutes a valuable alternative to current therapies for the treatment of periodontal defects. Stem cells from oral and dental origin are known to have potential to regenerate these tissues. Nevertheless, harvesting cells from these sites implies a significant local tissue morbidity and low cell yield, as compared to other anatomical sources of adult multipotent stem cells. This manuscript reviews studies describing the use of non-oral stem cells in tissue engineering strategies, highlighting the importance and potential of these alternative stem cells sources in the development of advanced therapies for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Filipe Requicha
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Abstract
Stem cells have been successfully isolated from a variety of human and animal tissues, including dental pulp. This achievement marks progress in regenerative dentistry. This article reviews the latest improvements made in regenerative dental medicine with the involvement of stem cells. Although, various types of multipotent somatic cells can be applied in dentistry, two types of cells have been investigated in this review. Dental pulp cells are classified as: DPSCs, SCAPs and SHEDs.The third group includes two types of cell associated with the periodontium: PDL and DFPC. This review aims to systematize basic knowledge about cellular engineering in dentistry.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 18:111-30. [PMID: 23299306 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32835daf68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Characterisation of dental pulp stem cells: A new horizon for tissue regeneration? Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1439-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Egusa H, Sonoyama W, Nishimura M, Atsuta I, Akiyama K. Stem cells in dentistry--part I: stem cell sources. J Prosthodont Res 2012; 56:151-65. [PMID: 22796367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can self-renew and produce different cell types, thus providing new strategies to regenerate missing tissues and treat diseases. In the field of dentistry, adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified in several oral and maxillofacial tissues, which suggests that the oral tissues are a rich source of stem cells, and oral stem and mucosal cells are expected to provide an ideal source for genetically reprogrammed cells such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Furthermore, oral tissues are expected to be not only a source but also a therapeutic target for stem cells, as stem cell and tissue engineering therapies in dentistry continue to attract increasing clinical interest. Part I of this review outlines various types of intra- and extra-oral tissue-derived stem cells with regard to clinical availability and applications in dentistry. Additionally, appropriate sources of stem cells for regenerative dentistry are discussed with regard to differentiation capacity, accessibility and possible immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Gioventù S, Andriolo G, Bonino F, Frasca S, Lazzari L, Montelatici E, Santoro F, Rebulla P. A novel method for banking dental pulp stem cells. Transfus Apher Sci 2012; 47:199-206. [PMID: 22795998 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), a cell type of mesenchymal origin showing high proliferation and plasticity, are an emerging source of adult stem cells offering interesting features in view of potential applications in regenerative medicine. These features prompted us to develop a new method to cryopreserve DPSC inside a whole tooth, thus avoiding the need to purify the cells before cryopreservation and reducing the initial costs and workload of tooth banking. In this study we cryopreserved 4 human deciduous whole teeth after digging micro-channels into the tooth with an Nd:YAG laser beam (laser piercing) to allow the cryopreservative to reach the dental pulp and preserve the cells at -80°C. Then, we isolated, expanded and characterized in vitro the stem cells after tooth thawing and mechanical fracture. In parallel, we characterized cells extracted from 2 teeth cryopreserved without laser piercing and from 4 non cryopreserved, non laser pierced, freshly fractured teeth. Our data demonstrate that DPSC isolated from laser pierced cryopreserved teeth show mesenchymal stem cells morphology, immunophenotype, viability and proliferation rate similar to those of cells isolated from fresh, non cryopreserved teeth, whereas significant loss of cell viability and proliferation rate was shown by cells isolated from teeth cryopreserved without laser piercing. These data support the use of this method for prospective whole tooth banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gioventù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Reconstruction and Diagnostics, University of Milan, Faculty of Dentistry, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Chen FM, Sun HH, Lu H, Yu Q. Stem cell-delivery therapeutics for periodontal tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6320-44. [PMID: 22695066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts to regenerate the complex system of tooth-supporting apparatus (i.e., the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and root cementum) after loss/damage due to periodontitis have made some progress recently and provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future regenerative therapies. Concentrated efforts have now moved from the use of guided tissue/bone regeneration technology, a variety of growth factors and various bone grafts/substitutes toward the design and practice of endogenous regenerative technology by recruitment of host cells (cell homing) or stem cell-based therapeutics by transplantation of outside cells to enhance periodontal tissue regeneration and its biomechanical integration. This shift is driven by the general inability of conventional therapies to deliver satisfactory outcomes, particularly in cases where the disease has caused large tissue defects in the periodontium. Cell homing and cell transplantation are both scientifically meritorious approaches that show promise to completely and reliably reconstitute all tissue and connections damaged through periodontal disease, and hence research into both directions should continue. In view of periodontal regeneration by paradigms that unlock the body's innate regenerative potential has been reviewed elsewhere, this paper specifically explores and analyses the stem cell types and cell delivery strategies that have been or have the potential to be used as therapeutics in periodontal regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis placed on the efficacy and safety concerns of current stem cell-based periodontal therapies that may eventually enter into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Eberle I, Moslem M, Henschler R, Cantz T. Engineered MSCs from Patient-Specific iPS Cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 130:1-17. [PMID: 22915200 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenic cell population that can be isolated from various tissues of the body or can be generated from pluripotent stem cells by in vitro differentiation. Various promising pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that MSCs might stimulate endogenous regeneration and/or act as anti-inflammatory agents, which could be of high therapeutic relevance for a number of diseases, including graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, inflammatory bowel diseases, or some forms of liver failure. Notably, conflicting results of various studies illustrated that the source of MSCs, the cultivation condition, and the way of administration have important effects on the desired clinical effect. Some of the involved molecular pathways have recently been elucidated and an artificial modulation of these pathways by engineered MSCs might result in superfunctional MSCs for enhanced endogenous regeneration or anti-inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize important findings of conventional MSCs for applications in gastroenterology and we describe the state-of-the-art for the generation of patient-derived iPS cells that eventually might provide genetically engineered superfunctional iPS cells for advanced cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Eberle
- Junior Research Group Stem Cell Biology, OE 8881, Cluster-of-Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Ishizaka R, Iohara K, Murakami M, Fukuta O, Nakashima M. Regeneration of dental pulp following pulpectomy by fractionated stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2109-18. [PMID: 22177838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulp stem/progenitor cells can induce complete pulp regeneration. However, due to the limited availability of pulp tissue with age, there is a need to examine other sources for fractions of side population (SP) cells. In the present investigation bone marrow and adipose tissues of the same individual were evaluated as alternate sources. Pulp CD31(-) SP cells have higher migration activity and higher expression of angiogenic/neurotrophic factors than bone marrow and adipose CD31(-) SP cells. Adipose tissue CD31(-) SP cell transplantation yielded the same amount of regenerated tissue as pulp derived cells. However, bone marrow CD31(-) SP cell transplantation yielded significantly less regenerated tissue in pulpectomized root canals in dogs. The rate of matrix formation was much higher in adipose CD31(-) SP cell transplantation compared to pulp CD31(-) SP cell transplantation on day 28. Microarray analysis demonstrated similar qualitative and quantitative patterns of mRNA expression characteristic of pulp in the regenerated tissues from all three cell sources. Expression of many angiogenic/neurotrophic factors in the transplanted cells demonstrated trophic effects. Our results demonstrate that bone marrow and adipose CD31(-) SP cells might be suitable alternative cell sources for pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ishizaka
- Department of Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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