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Liu C, Ge X, Li Y. Repair of annulus fibrosus defects using decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hybrid hydrogels. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:535. [PMID: 39223621 PMCID: PMC11370001 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-05017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease is the leading cause of lower back and leg pain, considerably impacting daily life and incurring substantial medical expenses for those affected. The development of annulus fibrosus tissue engineering offers hope for treating this condition. However, the current annulus fibrosus tissue engineering scaffolds fail to accurately mimic the natural biological environment of the annulus fibrosus, resulting in limited secretion of extracellular matrix produced by the seeded cells and poor biomechanical properties of the constructed biomimetic annulus fibrosus tissue. This inability to match the biomechanical performance of the natural annulus fibrosus hinders the successful treatment of annulus fibrosus defects. In this study, we fabricated decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix (DAFM)/chitosan hydrogel-1 (DAFM: Chitosan 6:2) and DAFM/chitosan hydrogel-2 (DAFM: Chitosan 4:4) by varying the ratio of DAFM to chitosan. Rat annulus fibrosus (AF)-derived stem cells were cultured on these hydrogel scaffolds, and the cell morphology, AF-related gene expression, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were investigated. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging, Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Safranine and Fast Green staining were performed to evaluate the repair effect of the DAFM/chitosan hydrogels in vivo. The gene expression results showed that the expression of Collagen type I (Col-I), Collagen type I (Col-II), and aggrecan by annulus fibrosus stem cells (AFSCs) cultured on the DAFM/chitosan-1 hydrogel was higher compared with the DAFM/chitosan-2 hydrogel. Conversely, the expression of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and IL-6 was lower on the DAFM/chitosan-1 hydrogel compared with the DAFM/chitosan-2 hydrogel. In vivo, both the DAFM/chitosan-1 and DAFM/chitosan-2 hydrogels could partially repair large defects of the annulus fibrosus in rat tail vertebrae. In conclusion, the DAFM/chitosan-1 hydrogel could be regarded as a candidate scaffold material for the repair of annulus fibrosus defects, offering the potential for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
- Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, No.22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Angqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, No.42 Xuxiao Road, Anqing, Anhui, 246000, China.
| | - Yifeng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China.
- Spine Research Center of Wannan Medical College, No.22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, China.
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He W, Jiang C, Zhou P, Hu X, Gu X, Zhang S. Role of tendon-derived stem cells in tendon and ligament repair: focus on tissue engineer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1357696. [PMID: 39175617 PMCID: PMC11338810 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1357696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offered a comprehensive analysis of tendon and ligament injuries, emphasizing the crucial role of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) in tissue engineering as a potential solution for these challenging medical conditions. Tendon and ligament injuries, prevalent among athletes, the elderly, and laborers, often result in long-term disability and reduced quality of life due to the poor intrinsic healing capacity of these avascular structures. The formation of biomechanically inferior scar tissue and a high rate of reinjury underscore the need for innovative approaches to enhance and guide the regenerative process. This review delved into the complexities of tendon and ligament structure and function, types of injuries and their impacts, and the limitations of the natural repair process. It particularly focused on the role of TDSCs within the context of tissue engineering. TDSCs, with their ability to differentiate into tenocytes, are explored in various applications, including biocompatible scaffolds for cell tracking, co-culture systems to optimize tendon-bone healing, and graft healing techniques. The review also addressed the challenges of immunoreactivity post-transplantation, the importance of pre-treating TDSCs, and the potential of hydrogels and decellularized matrices in supporting tendon regeneration. It concluded by highlighting the essential roles of mechanical and molecular stimuli in TDSC differentiation and the current challenges in the field, paving the way for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xujun Hu
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - XiaoPeng Gu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guhechuan Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - SongOu Zhang
- Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guhechuan Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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Najafi Z, Rahmanian-Devin P, Baradaran Rahimi V, Nokhodchi A, Askari VR. Challenges and opportunities of medicines for treating tendon inflammation and fibrosis: A comprehensive and mechanistic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024:e12999. [PMID: 38468183 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendinopathy refers to conditions characterized by collagen degeneration within tendon tissue, accompanied by the proliferation of capillaries and arteries, resulting in reduced mechanical function, pain, and swelling. While inflammation in tendinopathy can play a role in preventing infection, uncontrolled inflammation can hinder tissue regeneration and lead to fibrosis and impaired movement. OBJECTIVES The inability to regulate inflammation poses a significant limitation in tendinopathy treatment. Therefore, an ideal treatment strategy should involve modulation of the inflammatory process while promoting tissue regeneration. METHODS The current review article was prepared by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Several treatment approaches based on biomaterials have been developed. RESULTS This review examines various treatment methods utilizing small molecules, biological compounds, herbal medicine-inspired approaches, immunotherapy, gene therapy, cell-based therapy, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and phototherapy. CONCLUSION These treatments work through mechanisms of action involving signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), all of which contribute to the repair of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, 4006 NW 124th Ave., Coral Springs, Florida, Florida, 33065, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ganesh S B, Sabu A, Kaarthikeyan G, Eswaramoorthy R, P T P. Development of a Cissus quadrangularis-Doped Extracellular Matrix and a Hyaluronic Acid-Incorporated Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56507. [PMID: 38646344 PMCID: PMC11026305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to analyze whether adding Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract and the extracellular matrix of ovine tendon (TENDON) increases the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells produced in hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffolds for tenogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty grams of powdered CQ was mixed with 250 mL of ethanol to prepare the extract. Two grams of hyaluronic acid powder was added to 100 mL of distilled water to make the HA solution. The ovine tendon was decellularized using a mixture of 10% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton-X. The hydrogel samples were prepared by mixing the extracellular matrix of tendon, HA, and CQ, after which they were divided into study groups such as HA, HA + CQ, HA + TENDON, and HA + CQ + TENDON. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, swelling analysis, differentiation analysis, compression test, compatibility assay, and tenogenesis assay were later conducted. RESULTS The morphology of the samples was analyzed using SEM. Low levels of swelling of the hydrogels were observed. Cells were found to be viable and showed good differentiation and tenogenesis. Optimal compression levels were observed, and the properties of the prepared hydrogels were satisfactory. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the addition of CQ considerably increases the tenogenic potential of the extracellular matrix/HA scaffold. Hence, it can be used as a regenerative material for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ganesh S
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Abraham Sabu
- Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - G Kaarthikeyan
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Priyangha P T
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Jenkins TL, Sarmiento Huertas PA, Umemori K, Guilak F, Little D. Tendon-derived matrix crosslinking techniques for electrospun multi-layered scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1875-1887. [PMID: 37489733 PMCID: PMC10592356 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Tendon tears are common and healing often occurs incompletely and by fibrosis. Tissue engineering seeks to improve repair, and one approach under investigation uses cell-seeded scaffolds containing biomimetic factors. Retention of biomimetic factors on the scaffolds is likely critical to maximize their benefit, while minimizing the risk of adverse effects, and without losing the beneficial effects of the biomimetic factors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate cross-linking methods to enhance the retention of tendon-derived matrix (TDM) on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds. We tested the effects of ultraviolet (UV) or carbodiimide (EDC:NHS:COOH) crosslinking methods to better retain TDM to the scaffolds and stimulate tendon-like matrix synthesis. Initially, we tested various crosslinking configurations of carbodiimide (2.5:1:1, 5:2:1, and 10:4:1 EDC:NHS:COOH ratios) and UV (30 s 1 J/cm2 , 60 s 1 J/cm2 , and 60 s 4 J/cm2 ) on PCL films compared to un-crosslinked TDM. We found that no crosslinking tested retained more TDM than coating alone (Kruskal-Wallis: p > .05), but that human adipose stem cells (hASCs) spread most on the 60 s 1 J/cm2 UV- and 2.5:1:1 EDC-crosslinked films (Kruskal-Wallis: p < .05). Next, we compared the effects of 60 s 1 J/cm2 UV- and 2.5:1:1 EDC-crosslinked to TDM-coated and untreated PCL scaffolds on hASC-induced tendon-like differentiation. UV-crosslinked scaffolds had greater modulus and stiffness than PCL or TDM scaffolds, and hASCs spread more on UV-crosslinked scaffolds (ANOVA: p < .05). Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that UV- or EDC-crosslinking TDM did not affect the peaks at wavenumbers characteristic of tendon. Crosslinking TDM to electrospun scaffolds improves tendon-like matrix synthesis, providing a viable strategy for improving retention of TDM on electrospun PCL scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Jenkins
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Kentaro Umemori
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Dianne Little
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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6
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Zhang T, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang A, Liu H, Shi M, Zhang Z, Lu W, Guo Y, Tang X, Cui Q, Li Z. Small extracellular vesicles derived from tendon stem cells promote the healing of injured Achilles tendons by regulating miR-145-3p. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:280-296. [PMID: 37806377 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic role of tendon stem cells (TSCs) in tendon-related injuries has been well documented. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are being increasingly used as new biotherapeutic agents for various diseases. Therefore, the potential function of TSC-sEVs in tendon injury repair warrants further investigation. In this study, we explored the effects of TSC-sEVs on TSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro in an autocrine manner. We further used a novel exosomal topical treatment with TSC-sEVs loaded with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel in vivo; we mixed sufficient amounts of TSC-sEVs with GelMA hydrogel to cover the damaged molded Achilles tendon tissue and then exposed them to UV irradiation for coagulation. GelMA loading ensured that TSC-sEVs were slowly released at the injury site over a long period, thereby achieving their full local therapeutic effects. Treatment with TSC-sEVs loaded with GelMA significantly improved the histological score of the regenerated tendon by increasing the tendon expression while inhibiting the formation of excessive ossification and improving the mechanical properties of the tissue. Moreover, miRNA sequencing in TSC-sEVs, TSCs, and TSCs receiving sEVs revealed that TSC-sEVs altered the miRNA expression profile of TSCs, with increased expression of miR-145-3p. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that TSC-sEVs can play a key role in treating tendon injuries and that loading them with GelMA can enhance their effect in vivo. Moreover, miR-145-3p has a major functional role in the effect of TSC-sEVs. This study offers new therapeutic ideas for the local treatment of Achilles tendon injuries using sEVs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we demonstrated that TSC-sEVs play a key role in treating tendon injuries and that loading them with GelMA hydrogel can act as a fixation and slow release in vivo. Moreover, it identifies the major functional role of miR-145-3p in the effect of TSCs that were identified and validated by miRNA sequencing. Our study provides a basis for further research on GelMA slow-release assays that have potential clinical applications. It offers new therapeutic ideas for the local treatment of Achilles tendon injuries using TSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Aodan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Hengchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086, PR China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Zenan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Yujun Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150028, PR China.
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Wang Y, Jin S, Luo D, He D, Yu M, Zhu L, Li Z, Chen L, Ding C, Wu X, Wu T, Huang W, Zhao X, Xu M, Xie Z, Liu Y. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin ameliorates aging-impaired endogenous tendon regeneration by rejuvenating senescent tendon stem/progenitor cells. Bone Res 2023; 11:54. [PMID: 37872152 PMCID: PMC10593834 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are essential for tendon maintenance, regeneration, and repair, yet they become susceptible to senescence with age, impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons. In this study, we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness. The top-ranked candidate, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG), a saposhnikovia root extract, could ameliorate TPSC senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans, as well as restore the self-renewal and proliferative capacities and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs. In vivo, the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescued endogenous tendon regeneration and repair in aged rats to levels similar to those of normal animals. Mechanistically, POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and decreasing mTOR signaling with the induction of autophagy. Thus, the strategy of pharmacological intervention with the deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dan Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Danqing He
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Yu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengye Ding
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolan Wu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiran Huang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Translational Research Center for Orocraniofacial Stem Cells and Systemic Health, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Szczesny SE, Corr DT. Tendon cell and tissue culture: Perspectives and recommendations. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2093-2104. [PMID: 36794495 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The wide variety of cell and tissue culture systems used to study and engineer tendons can make it difficult to choose the best approach and "optimal" culture conditions to test a given hypothesis. Therefore, a breakout session was organized at the 2022 ORS Tendon Section Meeting that focused on establishing a set of guidelines for conducting cell and tissue culture studies of tendon. This paper summarizes the outcomes of that discussion and presents recommendations for future studies. In the case of studying tendon cell behavior, cell and tissue culture systems are reductionist models in which the culture conditions should be strictly defined to approximate the in vivo condition as closely as possible. In contrast, for tissue engineering tendon replacements, the culture conditions do not need to replicate native tendon, but the outcome measures for success should be narrowly defined for the specific clinical application. Common recommendations for both applications are that researchers should perform a baseline phenotypic characterization of the cells that are ultimately used for experimentation. For models of tendon cell behavior, culture conditions should be well justified by existing literature and meticulously reported, tissue explant viability should be assessed, and comparisons to in vivo conditions should be made to determine baseline physiological relevance. For tissue engineering applications, the functional/structural/compositional outcome targets should be defined by the specific tendons they seek to replace, with key biologic and material properties prioritized for construct assessment. Lastly, when engineering tendon replacements, researchers should utilize clinically approved cGMP materials to facilitate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer E Szczesny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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9
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Hawthorne BC, Shuman ME, Wellington IJ, Mancini MR, Hewitt CR, Dorsey CG, Quintana JO, Talamo M, Obopilwe E, Cote MP, Mazzocca AD, Sethi PM. Biomechanical evaluation of subscapularis peel repairs augmented with the long head of the biceps tendon for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023; 32:326-332. [PMID: 36108881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subscapularis failure is a troublesome complication following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). Commonly discarded during aTSA, the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) may offer an efficient and cheap autograft for the augmentation of the subscapularis repair during aTSA. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare a standard subscapularis peel repair to 2 methods of subscapularis peel repair augmented with LHBT. METHODS 18 human cadaveric shoulders (61 ± 9 years of age) were used in this study. Shoulders were randomly assigned to biomechanically compare subscapularis peel repair with (1) traditional single-row repair, (2) single row with horizontal LHBT augmentation, or (3) single row with V-shaped LHBT augmentation. Shoulders underwent biomechanical testing on a servohydraulic testing system to compare cyclic displacement, load to failure, and stiffness. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the cyclic displacement between the 3 techniques in the superior, middle, or inferior portion of the subscapularis repair (P > .05). The horizontal (436.7 ± 113.3 N; P = .011) and V-shape (563.3 ± 101.0 N; P < .001) repair demonstrated significantly greater load to failure compared with traditional repair (344.4 ± 82.4 N). The V-shape repair had significantly greater load to failure compared to the horizontal repair (P < .001). The horizontal (61.6 ± 8.4 N/mm; P < .001) and the V-shape (62.8 ± 6.1; P < .001) repairs demonstrated significantly greater stiffness compared to the traditional repair (47.6 ± 6.2 N). There was no significant difference in the stiffness of the horizontal and V-shape repairs (P = .770). CONCLUSIONS Subscapularis peel repair augmentation with LHBT autograft following aTSA confers greater time zero load to failure and stiffness when compared to a standard subscapularis peel repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Hawthorne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Matthew E Shuman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ian J Wellington
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael R Mancini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cory R Hewitt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Caitlin G Dorsey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Julio O Quintana
- Orthopaedic & Neurosurgery Specialists, ONS Foundation, Greenwich, CT, USA
| | - Michael Talamo
- Orthopaedic & Neurosurgery Specialists, ONS Foundation, Greenwich, CT, USA
| | - Elifho Obopilwe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark P Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Sethi
- Orthopaedic & Neurosurgery Specialists, ONS Foundation, Greenwich, CT, USA
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10
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Citro V, Clerici M, Boccaccini AR, Della Porta G, Maffulli N, Forsyth NR. Tendon tissue engineering: An overview of biologics to promote tendon healing and repair. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231196275. [PMID: 37719308 PMCID: PMC10501083 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231196275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are dense connective tissues with a hierarchical polarized structure that respond to and adapt to the transmission of muscle contraction forces to the skeleton, enabling motion and maintaining posture. Tendon injuries, also known as tendinopathies, are becoming more common as populations age and participation in sports/leisure activities increases. The tendon has a poor ability to self-heal and regenerate given its intrinsic, constrained vascular supply and exposure to frequent, severe loading. There is a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and it is not surprising that disorder-targeted medicines have only been partially effective at best. Recent tissue engineering approaches have emerged as a potential tool to drive tendon regeneration and healing. In this review, we investigated the physiochemical factors involved in tendon ontogeny and discussed their potential application in vitro to reproduce functional and self-renewing tendon tissue. We sought to understand whether stem cells are capable of forming tendons, how they can be directed towards the tenogenic lineage, and how their growth is regulated and monitored during the entire differentiation path. Finally, we showed recent developments in tendon tissue engineering, specifically the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into tendon cells, as well as the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tendon regeneration and their potential for use in accelerating the healing response after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Citro
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marta Clerici
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre BIONAM, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital ‘San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona’, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
- Vice Principals’ Office, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen, UK
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11
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Wei Q, Liu D, Chu G, Yu Q, Liu Z, Li J, Meng Q, Wang W, Han F, Li B. TGF-β1-supplemented decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix hydrogels promote annulus fibrosus repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:581-593. [PMID: 35600980 PMCID: PMC9108517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Annulus fibrosus (AF) repair remains a challenge because of its limited self-healing ability. Endogenous repair strategies combining scaffolds and growth factors show great promise in AF repair. Although the unique and beneficial characteristics of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue repair have been demonstrated, the poor mechanical property of ECM hydrogels largely hinders their applications in tissue regeneration. In the present study, we combined polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix (DAFM) to develop an injectable, photocurable hydrogel for AF repair. We found that the addition of PEGDA markedly improved the mechanical strength of DAFM hydrogels while maintaining their porous structure. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was further incorporated into PEGDA/DAFM hydrogels, and it could be continuously released from the hydrogel. The in vitro experiments showed that TGF-β1 facilitated the migration of AF cells. Furthermore, PEGDA/DAFM/TGF-β1 hydrogels supported the adhesion, proliferation, and increased ECM production of AF cells. In vivo repair performance of the hydrogels was assessed using a rat AF defect model. The results showed that the implantation of PEGDA/DAFM/TGF-β1 hydrogels effectively sealed the AF defect, prevented nucleus pulposus atrophy, retained disc height, and partially restored the biomechanical properties of disc. In addition, the implanted hydrogel was infiltrated by cells resembling AF cells and well integrated with adjacent AF tissue. In summary, findings from this study indicate that TGF-β1-supplemented DAFM hydrogels hold promise for AF repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dachuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genglei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qifan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingchen Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Lai F, Wang J, Tang H, Huang P, Liu J, He G, Zhou M, Tao X, Tang K. VEGF promotes tendon regeneration of aged rats by inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells and promoting vascularization. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22433. [PMID: 35867348 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200213r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the stem cell microenvironment is a key factor for stem cell maintenance or differentiation. In this study, we compared the expression of 23 cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα between young and aged rats during patellar tendon repair by cytokine microarray, and found that significant difference between IL-10, G-CSF, and VEGF at 3, 7, or 14 days post-operatively. The effects of these factors on adipogenic differentiation of TPSCs were examined through western blot and oil red O experiments. It was shown that VEGF had an inhibitive effect on the adipogenic differentiation of TPSCs. SPP-1 was figured out as our target by RNA sequencing and confirmed by western blot in vitro. Further in vivo studies showed that adipocyte accumulation was also decreased in the tendons of aged rats after injection of VEGF and the histological score and biomechanical property were also improved via targeting SPP-1. Furthermore, histochemical results showed that vascularization of the injury sites was significantly elevated. In conclusion, VEGF not only plays an important role in decreasing adipocyte accumulation but also improves vascularization of the tendon during aged tendon healing. We believe active regulation of VEGF may improve the treatment of age-related tendon diseases and tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lai
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Ramires LC, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Shankar A N, Santos GS, da Fonseca LF, Lana JF, Rajendran RL, Gangadaran P, Jogalekar MP, Cardoso AA, Eickhoff A. Application of Orthobiologics in Achilles Tendinopathy: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030399. [PMID: 35330150 PMCID: PMC8954398 DOI: 10.3390/life12030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthobiologics are biological materials that are intended for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and soft tissues. In this review, we discuss the application of orthobiologics in Achilles tendinopathy, more specifically. We explain the concepts and definitions of each orthobiologic and the literature regarding its use in tendon disorders. The biological potential of these materials can be harnessed and administered into injured tissues, particularly in areas where standard healing is disrupted, a typical feature of Achilles tendinopathy. These products contain a wide variety of cell populations, cytokines, and growth factors, which have been shown to modulate many other cells at local and distal sites in the body. Collectively, they can shift the state of escalated inflammation and degeneration to reestablish tissue homeostasis. The typical features of Achilles tendinopathy are failed healing responses, persistent inflammation, and predominant catabolic reactions. Therefore, the application of orthobiologic tools represents a viable solution, considering their demonstrated efficacy, safety, and relatively easy manipulation. Perhaps a synergistic approach regarding the combination of these orthobiologics may promote more significant clinical outcomes rather than individual application. Although numerous optimistic results have been registered in the literature, additional studies and clinical trials are still highly desired to further illuminate the clinical utility and efficacy of these therapeutic strategies in the management of tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano C. Ramires
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Centro Clínico Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre 90110-270, Brazil;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai 600006, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.S.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Navaladi Shankar A
- Department of Orthopaedics, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai 600006, India;
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil; (L.F.d.F.); (J.F.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.S.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Lucas Furtado da Fonseca
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil; (L.F.d.F.); (J.F.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | - José Fábio Lana
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba 13334-170, Brazil; (L.F.d.F.); (J.F.L.)
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.S.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Alfredo A. Cardoso
- Department of Oncology-Integrative Medicine-Pain Care, IAC—Instituto Ana Cardoso de Práticas Integrativas e Medicina Regenerative, Gramado 95670-000, Brazil;
| | - Alex Eickhoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Ortopédico Eickhoff, Três de Maio 98910-000, Brazil;
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14
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Colbath G, Murray A, Siatkowski S, Pate T, Krussig M, Pill S, Hawkins R, Tokish J, Mercuri J. Autograft Long Head Biceps Tendon Can Be Used as a Scaffold for Biologically Augmenting Rotator Cuff Repairs. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:38-48. [PMID: 34126215 PMCID: PMC8665938 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We create a viable, mechanically expanded autograft long head biceps tendon (LHBT) scaffold for biologically augmenting the repair of torn rotator cuffs. METHODS The proximal aspect of the tenotomized LHBTs was harvested from patients during rotator cuff repair surgery and was mechanically formed into porous scaffolds using a surgical graft expander. LHBT scaffolds were evaluated for change in area, tensile properties, and tenocyte viability before and after expansion. The ability of endogenous tenocytes derived from the LHBT scaffold to promote tenogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) was also determined. RESULTS Autograft LHBTs were successfully expanded using a modified surgical graft expander to create a porous scaffold containing viable resident tenoctyes from patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. LHBT scaffolds had significantly increased area (length: 24.91 mm [13.91, 35.90] × width: 22.69 mm [1.87, 34.50]; P = .011) compared with the native LHBT tendon (length: 27.16 mm [2.70, 33.62] × width: 6.68 mm [5.62, 7.74]). The structural properties of the autograft were altered, including the ultimate tensile strength (LHBT scaffold: .56 MPa [.06, 1.06] vs. native LHBT: 2.35 MPa [1.36, 3.33]; P = .002) and tensile modulus (LHBT scaffold: 4.72 MPa [-.80, 1.24] versus native LHBT: 37.17 MPa [24.56, 49.78]; P = .001). There was also a reduction in resident tenocyte percent viability (LHBT scaffold: 38.52% [17.94, 59.09] vs. native LHBT: 68.87% [63.67, 74.37]; P =.004). Tenocytes derived from the LHBT scaffold produced soluble signals that initiated ADMSC differentiation into an immature tenocyte-like phenotype, as indicated by an 8.7× increase in scleraxis (P = .040) and a 3.6× increase in collagen type III mRNA expression (P = .050) compared with undifferentiated ADMSC controls. CONCLUSIONS The ability to produce a viable autologous scaffold from the proximal biceps tendon having dimensions, porosity, mechanical characteristics, native ECM components, and viable tenocytes that produce bioactive signals conducive to supporting the biologic augmentation of rotator cuff repair surgery has been demonstrated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This biologically active construct may help to improve the quality of healing and regeneration at the repair site of rotator cuff tears, especially those at high risk for retear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Colbath
- Medical Group of the Carolinas, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spartanburg Regional, Spartanburg, SC
| | - Alison Murray
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, SC
| | - Sandra Siatkowski
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, SC
| | - Taylor Pate
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, SC
| | - Mario Krussig
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, SC
| | - Stephan Pill
- Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC
| | - Richard Hawkins
- Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC
| | - John Tokish
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jeremy Mercuri
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Tissue Regeneration & Orthobiologics, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC,Frank H. Stelling and C. Dayton Riddle Orthopaedic Education and Research Laboratory, Clemson University Biomedical Engineering Innovation Campus, Greenville, SC
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15
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Tendon Tissue Repair in Prospective of Drug Delivery, Regenerative Medicines, and Innovative Bioscaffolds. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1488829. [PMID: 34824586 PMCID: PMC8610661 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1488829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural healing capacity of the tendon tissue is limited due to the hypovascular and cellular nature of this tissue. So far, several conventional approaches have been tested for tendon repair to accelerate the healing process, but all these approaches have their own advantages and limitations. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are interdisciplinary fields that aspire to develop novel medical devices, innovative bioscaffold, and nanomedicine, by combining different cell sources, biodegradable materials, immune modulators, and nanoparticles for tendon tissue repair. Different studies supported the idea that bioscaffolds can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with an enormous therapeutic potentiality. However, available data are lacking to allow definitive conclusion on the use of bioscaffolds for tendon regeneration and repairing. In this review, we provide an overview of the current basic understanding and material science in the field of bioscaffolds, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering for tendon repair.
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16
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Effects of aging on the histology and biochemistry of rat tendon healing. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:949. [PMID: 34781961 PMCID: PMC8594129 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tendon diseases and injuries are a serious problem for the aged population, often leading to pain, disability and a significant decline in quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of aging on biochemistry and histology during tendon healing and to provide a new strategy for improving tendon healing. METHOD A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a young and an aged group. A rat patellar tendon defect model was used in this study. Tendon samples were collected at weeks 2 and 4, and hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue and immunofluorescence staining were performed for histological analysis. Meanwhile, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were performed to evaluate the biochemical changes. RESULTS The histological scores in aged rats were significantly lower than those in young rats. At the protein level, collagen synthesis-related markers Col-3, Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1(TIMP-1) were decreased at week 4 in aged rats compared with those of young rats. Though there was a decrease in the expression of the chondrogenic marker aggrecan at the protein level in aged tendon, the Micro-CT results from weeks 4 samples showed no significant difference(p>0.05) on the ectopic ossification between groups. Moreover, we found more adipocytes accumulated in the aged tendon defect with the Oil Red O staining and at the gene and protein levels the markers related to adipogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that tendon healing is impaired in aged rats and is characterized by a significantly lower histological score, decreased collagen synthesis and more adipocyte accumulation in patellar tendon after repair.
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Chen M, Li Y, Xiao L, Dai G, Lu P, Rui Y. Noncanonical Wnt5a signaling regulates tendon stem/progenitor cells senescence. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:544. [PMID: 34663475 PMCID: PMC8521898 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The structural and functional properties of tendon decline with age, and these changes contribute to tendon disorder. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) play a vital role in tendon repair, regeneration and homeostasis maintaining. Although studies have demonstrated that tendon aging is closely associated with the altered TSPCs function on senescence, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TSPCs senescence remain largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of Wnt5a in TSPCs senescence. Methods TSPCs were isolated from 2-month-old and 20-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. The expression of Wnt5a was determined by RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and western blotting. TSPCs were then treated with Wnt5a shRNA or recombinant Wnt5a or AG490 or IFN-γ or Ror2-siRNA. Western blotting, β-gal staining, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and cell cycle analysis were used for confirming the role of Wnt5a in TSPCs senescence. Results We found a canonical to noncanonical Wnt signaling shift due to enhanced expression of Wnt5a in aged TSPCs. Functionally, we demonstrated that inhibition of Wnt5a attenuated TSPCs senescence, age-related cell polarity and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression in aged TSPCs. Mechanistically, the JAK–STAT signaling pathway was activated in aged TSPCs, while Wnt5a knockdown inhibited the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, suggesting that Wnt5a modulates TSPCs senescence via JAK–STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, knockdown of Ror2 inhibited Wnt5a-induced activation of the JAK–STAT signaling pathway, which indicates that Wnt5a potentiates JAK–STAT signaling pathway through Ror2, and Ror2 acts as the functional receptor of Wnt5a in TSPCs senescence. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a critical role of noncanonical Wnt5a signaling in TSPCs senescence, and Wnt5a could be an attractive therapeutic target for antagonizing tendon aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02605-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangchun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Adipogenic differentiation was inhibited by downregulation of PPARγ signaling pathway in aging tendon stem/progenitor cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:614. [PMID: 34663381 PMCID: PMC8522149 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) play a vital role in tendon repair and regeneration. Previously we found more adipocytes accumulated in the patellar tendon injury sites in aging rats compared with the young ones, of which the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we want to identify whether erroneous differentiation of TSPCs by aging accounts for the adipocyte accumulation. METHODS TSPCs from young and aging rats were isolated and propagated. Both young and aging TSPCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes, and Oil red O staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western-blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate the capability of TSPCs. RNA sequencing was utilized to screen out different genes and signaling pathways related to adipogenesis between young and aging TSPCs. RESULTS The Oil red O staining showed there were more adipocytes formed in young TSPCs. Besides, adipogenic markers perilipin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha (C/EBPα) and Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were elevated both at gene and protein level. PPARγ signaling pathway was selected as our target via RNA sequencing. After adding the signaling activators, Rosiglitazone maleate (RM), inhibited adipogenesis of aging TSCs was reversed. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, aging inhibited adipogenesis of TSPCs by down-regulating PPARγ signaling. It is not likely that the adipocyte accumulation in aging tendon during repair was due to the aging of TSPCs. This may provide new targets for curing aging tendon injuries or tendinopathies.
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19
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Zhang M, Liu H, Shi M, Zhang T, Lu W, Yang S, Cui Q, Li Z. Potential Mechanisms of the Impact of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene-Modified Tendon Stem Cells on Tendon Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659389. [PMID: 34222233 PMCID: PMC8250428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic impact of stem cells is potentially largely attributable to secretion of exosomes and soluble factors. The present study evaluates the impact of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-expressing tendon stem cells (TSCs) on tendon healing in a rat model. Patellar tendon TSCs were isolated and underwent transfection with lentiviral vectors containing HGF or green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes. In vivo, immunohistochemistry of tendons sampled 1 week postsurgery demonstrated that all stem cell-treated groups exhibited higher numbers of CD163+ M2 monocytes and IL-10+ cells (anti-inflammatory), and lower numbers of CCR7+ M1 monocytes and IL-6+ as well as COX-2+ cells (pro-inflammatory). Effects were most pronounced in the HGF-expressing TSCs (TSCs + HGF) treated group. Histology ± immunohistochemistry of tendons sampled 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery demonstrated that all stem cell-treated groups exhibited more ordered collagen fiber arrangement and lower levels of COLIII, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and fibronectin (proteins relevant to fibroscarring). Effects were most pronounced in the TSCs + HGF-treated group. For the in vitro study, isolated tendon fibroblasts pretreated with TGF-β1 to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of tendon injury were indirectly cocultured with TSCs, TSCs + GFP, or TSCs + HGF using a transwell system. Western blotting demonstrated that all stem cell types decreased TGF-β1-induced increases in fibroblast levels of COX-2, COLIII, and α-SMA, concomitant with decreased activation of major TGF-β1 signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, but not Smad2/3). This effect was most pronounced for TSCs + HGF, which also decreased the TGF-β1-induced increase in activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The presence of specific inhibitors of these pathways during fibroblast TGF-β1 stimulation also attenuated increases in levels of COX-2, COLIII, and α-SMA. In conclusion, TSCs + HGF, which exhibit HGF overexpression, may promoting tendon healing via decreasing inflammation and fibrosis, perhaps partly via inhibiting TGF-β1-induced signaling. These findings identify a novel potential therapeutic strategy for tendon injuries, warranting additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hengchen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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20
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Liu H, Zhang M, Shi M, Zhang T, Lu W, Yang S, Cui Q, Li Z. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes promote tendon healing by activating both SMAD1/5/9 and SMAD2/3. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:338. [PMID: 34112236 PMCID: PMC8194238 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) may become a new therapeutic method in biomedicine owing to their important role in regenerative medicine. However, the role of ADSC-Exos in tendon repair has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the healing effects of ADSC-Exos on tendon injury. Methods The adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) and tendon stem cells (TSCs) were isolated from the subcutaneous fat and tendon tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively, and exosomes were isolated from ADSCs. The proliferation and migration of TSCs induced by ADSC-Exos were analyzed by EdU, cell scratch, and transwell assays. We used western blot to analyze the tenogenic differentiation of TSCs and the role of the SMAD signaling pathways. Then, we explored a new treatment method for tendon injury, combining exosome therapy with local targeting using a biohydrogel. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of inflammatory and tenogenic differentiation after tendon injury, respectively. The quality of tendon healing was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and biomechanical testing. Results ADSC-Exos could be absorbed by TSCs and promoted the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of these cells. This effect may have depended on the activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/9 pathways. Furthermore, ADSC-Exos inhibited the early inflammatory reaction and promoted tendon healing in vivo. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrated that ADSC-Exos contributed to tendon regeneration and provided proof of concept of a new approach for treating tendon injuries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02410-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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21
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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22
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Xiao H, Chen Y, Li M, Shi Q, Xu Y, Hu J, Li X, Chen C, Lu H. Cell-Free Book-Shaped Decellularized Tendon Matrix Graft Capable of Controlled Release of BMP-12 to Improve Tendon Healing in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1333-1347. [PMID: 33667134 DOI: 10.1177/0363546521994555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achilles tendon (AT) defects often occur in traumatic and chronic injuries. Currently, no graft can satisfactorily regenerate parallel tendinous tissue at the defect site to completely restore AT function. PURPOSE To develop a cell-free functional graft by tethering bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP-12) on a book-shaped decellularized tendon matrix (BDTM) and to determine whether this graft is more beneficial for AT defect healing than an autograft. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Canine patellar tendon was sectioned into a book shape and decellularized to fabricate a BDTM. The collagen-binding domain (CBD) was fused into the N-terminus of BMP-12 to synthesize a recombinant BMP-12 (CBD-BMP-12), which was tethered to the BDTM to prepare a cell-free functional graft (CBD-BMP-12/BDTM). After its tensile resistance, tenogenic inducibility, and BMP-12 release dynamics were evaluated, the efficacy of the graft for tendon regeneration was determined in a rat model. A total of 140 mature male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent AT tenotomy. The defect was reconstructed with reversed AT (autograft group), native BMP-12 tethered to an intact decellularized tendon matrix (IDTM; NAT-BMP-12/IDTM group), native BMP-12 tethered to a BDTM (NAT-BMP-12/BDTM group), CBD-BMP-12 tethered on an IDTM (CBD-BMP-12/IDTM group), and CBD-BMP-12 tethered on a BDTM (CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group). The rats were sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after surgery to harvest AT specimens. Six specimens from each group at each time point were used for histological evaluation; the remaining 8 specimens were used for biomechanical testing. RESULTS In vitro CBD-BMP-12/BDTM was noncytotoxic, showed high biomimetics with native tendons, was suitable for cell adhesion and growth, and had superior tenogenic inducibility. In vivo the defective AT in the CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group regenerated more naturally than in the other groups, as indicated by more spindle-shaped fibroblasts embedded in a matrix of parallel fibers. The biomechanical properties of the regenerated AT in the CBD-BMP-12/BDTM group also increased more significantly than in the other groups. CONCLUSION CBD-BMP-12/BDTM is more beneficial than autograft for healing AT defects in a rat model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of this study demonstrate that CBD-BMP-12/BDTM can serve as a practical graft for reconstructing AT defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Muzhi Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China
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23
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Wei B, Lu J. Characterization of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells and Rescue Tendon Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1534-1551. [PMID: 33651334 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural healing ability of tendon is limited, and it cannot restore the native structure and function of tendon injuries. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are a new type of pluripotent stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential and are expected to become a promising cell-seed for the treatment of tendon injuries in the future. In this review, we outline the latest advances in the culture and identification of TDSCs. In addition, the influencing factors on the differentiation of TDSCs are discussed. Moreover, we aim to discuss recent studies to enhance TDSCs treatment of injured tendons. Finally, we identify the limitations of the current understanding of TDSCs biology, the main challenges of using their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Jin S, Luo D, He D, Shi C, Zhu L, Guan B, Li Z, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Wang CY, Liu Y. Functional regeneration and repair of tendons using biomimetic scaffolds loaded with recombinant periostin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1293. [PMID: 33637721 PMCID: PMC7910464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries disrupt the balance between stability and mobility, causing compromised functions and disabilities. The regeneration of mature, functional tendons remains a clinical challenge. Here, we perform transcriptional profiling of tendon developmental processes to show that the extracellular matrix-associated protein periostin (Postn) contributes to the maintenance of tendon stem/progenitor cell (TSPC) functions and promotes tendon regeneration. We show that recombinant periostin (rPOSTN) promotes the proliferation and stemness of TSPCs, and maintains the tenogenic potentials of TSPCs in vitro. We also find that rPOSTN protects TSPCs against functional impairment during long-term passage in vitro. For in vivo tendon formation, we construct a biomimetic parallel-aligned collagen scaffold to facilitate TSPC tenogenesis. Using a rat full-cut Achilles tendon defect model, we demonstrate that scaffolds loaded with rPOSTN promote endogenous TSPC recruitment, tendon regeneration and repair with native-like hierarchically organized collagen fibers. Moreover, newly regenerated tendons show recovery of mechanical properties and locomotion functions. The regeneration of functional tendons remains a clinical challenge. Here the authors develop a biomimetic scaffold loaded with recombinant periostin and demonstrate its functionality in promoting tendon stem/progenitor cell recruitment and tenogenic differentiation, and tendon regeneration in a rat full-cut Achilles tendon defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy and Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Danqing He
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Vascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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25
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Huang Z, Yin Z, Xu J, Fei Y, Heng BC, Jiang X, Chen W, Shen W. Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Subpopulations and Their Implications in Tendon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631272. [PMID: 33681210 PMCID: PMC7930382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon harbors a cell population that possesses stem cell characteristics such as clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal capacity, commonly referred to as tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Various techniques have been employed to study how TSPCs are implicated in tendon development, homeostasis and healing. Recent advances in single-cell analysis have enabled much progress in identifying and characterizing distinct subpopulations of TSPCs, which provides a more comprehensive view of TSPCs function in tendon biology. Understanding the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes regulated by TSPCs, especially a particular subpopulation, would greatly benefit treatment of diseased tendons. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on the various subpopulations of TSPCs, and discuss how TSPCs can contribute to tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as examine the key modulatory signaling pathways that determine stem/progenitor cell state. A better understanding of the roles that TSPCs play in tendon biology may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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26
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Li M, Jia J, Li S, Cui B, Huang J, Guo Z, Ma K, Wang L, Cui C. Exosomes derived from tendon stem cells promote cell proliferation and migration through the TGF β signal pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 536:88-94. [PMID: 33370718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tendon stem cells (TSCs) are a kind of progenitor cells found in tendon niches, which play a key role in the repair of tendon injuries. Exosomes that mediate cell communication are involved in physiological processes and various diseases, while the effect of exosomes derived from TSCs (TSC-exo) on TSCs is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of TSC-exo on TSCs. Analyzing the characteristics of TSC-exo, we found that the TSC-exo were enriched in a large amount of transforming growth factor β (TGF β) by western blotting. We also found that the TGF β carried by TSC-exo can effectively accelerate the proliferation and migration of TSCs. We further found that TGF β carried by TSC-exo can activate the TGF β-Smad2/3 and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in TSCs. Furthermore, matrix metalloenzyme 2 (MMP2), a downstream molecule of Smad2, is regulated by TGF β carried by TSC-exo. Collectively, our findings provide molecular insights into TSC-exo and indicate that TSC-exo are a potential strategy for treating tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jie Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Baocheng Cui
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
| | - Changhao Cui
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
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27
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Wang HN, Huang YC, Ni GX. Mechanotransduction of stem cells for tendon repair. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:952-965. [PMID: 33033557 PMCID: PMC7524696 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a mechanosensitive tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone. Physiological loading contributes to maintaining the homeostasis and adaptation of tendon, but aberrant loading may lead to injury or failed repair. It is shown that stem cells respond to mechanical loading and play an essential role in both acute and chronic injuries, as well as in tendon repair. In the process of mechanotransduction, mechanical loading is detected by mechanosensors that regulate cell differentiation and proliferation via several signaling pathways. In order to better understand the stem-cell response to mechanical stimulation and the potential mechanism of the tendon repair process, in this review, we summarize the source and role of endogenous and exogenous stem cells active in tendon repair, describe the mechanical response of stem cells, and finally, highlight the mechanotransduction process and underlying signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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28
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Zhang M, Liu H, Cui Q, Han P, Yang S, Shi M, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Li Z. Tendon stem cell-derived exosomes regulate inflammation and promote the high-quality healing of injured tendon. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:402. [PMID: 32943109 PMCID: PMC7499865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon stem cells (TSCs) have been reported to hold promises for tendon repair and regeneration. However, less is known about the effects of exosomes derived from TSCs. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the healing effects of TSC-derived exosomes (TSC-Exos) on tendon injury. METHODS The Achilles tendons of Sprague-Dawley male rats were used for primary culture of TSCs and tenocytes, and exosomes were isolated from TSCs. The proliferation of tenocytes induced by TSC-Exos was analyzed using an EdU assay; cell migration was measured by cell scratch and transwell assays. We used western blot to analyze the role of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In vivo, Achilles tendon injury models were created in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats (n = 54) were then randomly assigned to three groups: the TSC-Exos group, the GelMA group, and the control group. We used immunofluorescence to detect changes in the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers at 1 week after surgery. Histology and changes in expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related indices were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry at 2 and 8 weeks. The collagen fiber diameter of the healing tendon was analyzed at 8 weeks by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS TSC-Exos were taken up by tenocytes, which promoted the proliferation and migration of cells in a dose-dependent manner; this process may depend on the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. At 1 week after surgery, we found that inflammation and apoptosis were significantly suppressed by TSC-Exos. At 2 and 8 weeks, tendons treated with TSC-Exos showed more continuous and regular arrangement in contrast to disorganized tendons in the GelMA and control groups, and TSC-Exos may help regulate ECM balance and inhibited scar formation. Further, at 8 weeks, the TSC-Exos group had a larger diameter of collagen compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TSC-Exos could promote high-quality healing of injured tendon, which may be a promising therapeutic approach for tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hengchen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Peilin Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zenan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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29
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K N, Ca V, Joseph J, U A, John A, Abraham A. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded Decellularized Tendon Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:155-164. [PMID: 32707028 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200723123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is a collagenous tissue to connect bone and muscle. Healing of damaged/injured tendon is the primary clinical challenge in musculoskeletal regeneration because they often react poorly to treatment. Tissue engineering (a triad strategy of scaffolds, cells and growth factors) may have the potential to improve the quality of tendon tissue healing under such impaired situations. Tendon tissue engineering aims to synthesize graft alternatives to repair the injured tendon. Biological scaffolds derived from decellularized tissue may be a better option as their biomechanical properties are similar to the native tissue. This review is designed to provide background information on the current challenges in curing torn/worn out the tendon and the clinical relevance of decellularized scaffolds for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha K
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Vineeth Ca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Josna Joseph
- Advanced Centre for Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Arun U
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Annie John
- Advanced Centre for Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
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30
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Cramer MC, Badylak SF. Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Their Influence Upon Cell Behavior. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2132-2153. [PMID: 31741227 PMCID: PMC7231673 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used for the repair and remodeling of injured tissue. The clinical outcomes associated with implantation of ECM-based materials range from unacceptable to excellent. The variable clinical results are largely due to differences in the preparation of the material, including characteristics of the source tissue, the method and efficacy of decellularization, and post-decellularization processing steps. The mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds promote constructive tissue remodeling include mechanical support, degradation and release of bioactive molecules, recruitment and differentiation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, and modulation of the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. The methods of ECM preparation and the impact of these methods on the quality of the final product are described herein. Examples of favorable cellular responses of immune and stem cells associated with constructive tissue remodeling of ECM bioscaffolds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline C Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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31
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Dede Eren A, Sinha R, Eren ED, Huipin Y, Gulce-Iz S, Valster H, Moroni L, Foolen J, de Boer J. Decellularized Porcine Achilles Tendon Induces Anti-inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype In Vitro and Tendon Repair In Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Chen M, Li Y, Xiao L, Dai G, Lu P, Wang Y, Rui Y. AQP1 modulates tendon stem/progenitor cells senescence during tendon aging. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:193. [PMID: 32188840 PMCID: PMC7080760 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) senescence and tendon aging has been well recognized. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TSPCs senescence are still not fully understood. In present study, we investigated the role of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in TSPCs senescence. We showed that AQP1 expression declines with age during tendon aging. In aged TSPCs, overexpression of AQP1 significantly attenuated TSPCs senescence. In addition, AQP1 overexpression also restored the age-related dysfunction of self-renewal, migration and tenogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is activated in aged TSPCs, and AQP1 overexpression inhibited the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activation which indicated that AQP1 attenuates senescence and age-related dysfunction of TSPCs through the repression of JAK−STAT signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the critical role of AQP1 in the regulation of TSPCs senescence and provided a novel target for antagonizing tendon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangchun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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33
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Leong NL, Kator JL, Clemens TL, James A, Enamoto-Iwamoto M, Jiang J. Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:7-12. [PMID: 31529731 PMCID: PMC7307866 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7-12, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, 10 N. Greene St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Department of Surgery, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jamie L Kator
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, 10 N. Greene St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, 10 N. Greene St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Motomi Enamoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, 10 N. Greene St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland, 10 N. Greene St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
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34
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Ryan CNM, Zeugolis DI. Engineering the Tenogenic Niche In Vitro with Microenvironmental Tools. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina N. M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering LaboratoryBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical DevicesBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering LaboratoryBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical DevicesBiomedical Sciences BuildingNational University of Ireland Galway Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
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35
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Zhang C, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Thampatty BP, Wang JHC. Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Interactions with Extracellular Matrix and Mechanical Loading. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3674647. [PMID: 31737075 PMCID: PMC6815631 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3674647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are unique connective tissues in the sense that their biological properties are largely determined by their tendon-specific stem cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the stem cells, mechanical loading conditions placed on the tendon, and the complex interactions among them. This review is aimed at providing an overview of recent advances in the identification and characterization of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) and their interactions with ECM and mechanical loading. In addition, the effects of such interactions on the maintenance of tendon homeostasis and the initiation of tendon pathological conditions are discussed. Moreover, the challenges in further investigations of TSPC mechanobiology in vitro and in vivo are outlined. Finally, future research efforts are suggested, which include using specific gene knockout models and single-cell transcription profiling to enable a broad and deep understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Zhang
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Zhou
- Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bhavani P. Thampatty
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bioengineering, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James H-C. Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bioengineering, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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36
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Padhi A, Nain AS. ECM in Differentiation: A Review of Matrix Structure, Composition and Mechanical Properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1071-1089. [PMID: 31485876 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell regenerative potential owing to the capacity to self-renew as well as differentiate into other cell types is a promising avenue in regenerative medicine. Stem cell niche not only provides physical scaffolding but also possess instructional capacity as it provides a milieu of biophysical and biochemical cues. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been identified as a major dictator of stem cell lineage, thus understanding the structure of in vivo ECM pertaining to specific tissue differentiation will aid in devising in vitro strategies to improve the differentiation efficiency. In this review, we summarize details about the native architecture, composition and mechanical properties of in vivo ECM of the early embryonic stages and the later adult stages. Native ECM from adult tissues categorized on their origin from respective germ layers are discussed while engineering techniques employed to facilitate differentiation of stem cells into particular lineages are noted. Overall, we emphasize that in vitro strategies need to integrate tissue specific ECM biophysical cues for developing accurate artificial environments for optimizing stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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37
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Walia B, Huang AH. Tendon stem progenitor cells: Understanding the biology to inform therapeutic strategies for tendon repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1270-1280. [PMID: 30270569 PMCID: PMC6823601 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are a leading cause of healthcare visits with significant impact in terms of economic cost and reduced quality of life. To date, reparative strategies remain largely restricted to conservative treatment or surgical repair. However, these therapies fail to restore native tendon structure and function; thus, the tissue may re-rupture or degenerate with time. To improve tendon healing, one promising strategy may be harnessing the innate potential of resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) to guide tenogenic regeneration. In this review, we outline recent advances in the identification and characterization of putative TSPC populations, and discuss biochemical, biomechanical, and biomaterial methods employed for their culture and differentiation. Finally, we identify limitations in our current understanding of TSPC biology, key challenges for their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1270-1280, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavita Walia
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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38
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Wang Y, He G, Guo Y, Tang H, Shi Y, Bian X, Zhu M, Kang X, Zhou M, Lyu J, Yang M, Mu M, Lai F, Lu K, Chen W, Zhou B, Zhang J, Tang K. Exosomes from tendon stem cells promote injury tendon healing through balancing synthesis and degradation of the tendon extracellular matrix. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5475-5485. [PMID: 31148334 PMCID: PMC6653097 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common musculoskeletal system disorders in clinical, but the regeneration ability of tendon is limited. Tendon stem cells (TSCs) have shown promising effect on tissue engineering and been used for the treatment of tendon injury. Exosomes that serve as genetic information carriers have been implicated in many diseases and physiological processes, but effect of exosomes from TSCs on tendon injury repair is unclear. The aim of this study is to make clear that the effect of exosomes from TSCs on tendon injury healing. Exosomes were harvested from conditioned culture media of TSCs by a sequential centrifugation process. Rat Achilles tendon tendinopathy model was established by collagenase‐I injection. This was followed by intra‐Achilles‐tendon injection with TSCs or exosomes. Tendon healing and matrix degradation were evaluated by histology analysis and biomechanical test at the post‐injury 5 weeks. In vitro, TSCs treated with interleukin 1 beta were added by conditioned medium including exosomes or not, or by exosomes or not. Tendon matrix related markers and tenogenesis related markers were measured by immunostaining and western blot. We found that TSCs injection and exosomes injection significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐3 expression, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 (TIMP‐3) and Col‐1a1, and increased biomechanical properties of the ultimate stress and maximum loading. In vitro, conditioned medium with exosomes and exosomes also significantly decreased MMP‐3, and increased expression of tenomodulin, Col‐1a1 and TIMP‐3. Exosomes from TSCs could be an ideal therapeutic strategy in tendon injury healing for its balancing tendon extracellular matrix and promoting the tenogenesis of TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuting Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miduo Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li X, Pongkitwitoon S, Lu H, Lee C, Gelberman R, Thomopoulos S. CTGF induces tenogenic differentiation and proliferation of adipose-derived stromal cells. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:574-582. [PMID: 30756417 PMCID: PMC6467286 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intrasynovial tendons are paucicellular and hypovascular, resulting in a poor response to injury. Surgical repair of ruptured or lacerated tendons often lead to complications such as adhesions, repair site gapping, and repair site rupture. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown promise for enhancing tendon repair, as they have the capacity to differentiate into tendon fibroblasts and augment the healing response. Furthermore, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been shown to promote tendon regeneration via the stimulation of endogenous tendon stem cells. Here, we evaluated the potential of CTGF to promote tenogenic differentiation of ASCs in vitro. Gene and protein expression, cell proliferation, and FAK and ERK1/2 signaling were assessed. CTGF increased tenogenic genes in mouse ASCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Western blot and immunostaining analyses demonstrated increases in tenogenic protein expression in CTGF-treated ASCs at all timepoints studied. CTGF increased ASC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. CTGF induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 within 5 min and FAK within 15 min; both signals persisted for 120 min. Blocking FAK and ERK1/2 pathways by selective inhibitors SCH772984 and PF573228, respectively, attenuated the CTGF-induced tenogenic differentiation and proliferation of ASCs. These results suggest that CTGF induces tenogenic differentiation of ASCs via the FAK and ERK1/2 pathway. Statement of clinical significance: Although prior research has led to advances in tendon operative techniques and rehabilitation methods, clinical outcomes after tendon repair remain variable, with high rates of repair site gapping or rupture. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650W 168th St, New York 10032 New York,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650W 168th St, New York 10032 New York
| | - Suphannee Pongkitwitoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650W 168th St, New York 10032 New York,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650W 168th St, New York 10032 New York
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Chang Lee
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Richard Gelberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650W 168th St, New York 10032 New York,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 650W 168th St, New York 10032 New York
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40
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Han P, Cui Q, Lu W, Yang S, Shi M, Li Z, Gao P, Xu B, Li Z. Hepatocyte growth factor plays a dual role in tendon-derived stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17382-17391. [PMID: 30807656 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is common in tendon healing after trauma, but the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are a type of progenitor cell found in the tendon niche, and their incorrect differentiation after trauma may lead to tendon calcification. The expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) presents drastic fluctuations in serum/tissue after trauma and was found to activate quiescent stellate cells and contribute to wound healing; however, its potential role in TDSCs remains elusive. In this study, TDSCs isolated from rats were cultured in media containing HGF with or without a signaling inhibitor, and the proliferation, migration, and differentiation ability of TDSCs were measured to determine the role and mechanism of HGF in TDSCs. We showed that HGF promotes TDSC proliferation and migration but inhibits TDSC osteogenic differentiation ability. HGF activated-HGF/c-Met, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, which was positively correlated with TDSCs proliferation and migration but negatively related to TDSC osteogenic differentiation ability. The phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 was also negatively related to HGF/c-Met, MAPK/ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT signaling, which demonstrated that the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation was dependent on BMP/Smad1/5/8 signaling. Overall, we showed that HGF could promote TDSCs proliferation and migration and inhibit osteogenic differentiation in vitro, suggesting a potential role for HGF as a cytokine treatment of tendon trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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41
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Song H, Yin Z, Wu T, Li Y, Luo X, Xu M, Duan L, Li J. Enhanced Effect of Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells Combined With Tendon-Derived Decellularized Extracellular Matrix on Tendon Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1634-1643. [PMID: 30298746 PMCID: PMC6299202 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718805383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrices have been clinically used for tendon regeneration. However, only a few systematic studies have compared tendon stem/progenitor cells to mesenchymal stromal cells on the tendon-derived decellularized matrix. In the present study, we prepared extracellular matrix derived from porcine tendons and seeded with tendon stem/progenitor cells, embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells or without stem cells. Then we implanted the mixture (composed of stem cells and scaffold) into the defect of a rat Achilles tendon. Next, 4 weeks post-surgery the regenerated tendon tissue was collected. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry, determination of collagen content, transmission electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing were performed to evaluate the tendon structure and biomechanical properties. Our study collectively demonstrated that decellularized extracellular matrix derived from porcine tendons significantly promoted the regeneration of injured tendons when combined with tendon stem/progenitor cells or embryonic stem cell-mesenchymal stromal cells. Compared to embryonic stem cell-mesenchymal stromal cells, tendon stem/progenitor cells combined with decellularized matrix showed more improvement in the structural and biomechanical properties of regenerated tendons in vivo. These findings suggest a promising strategy for functional tendon tissue regeneration and further studies are warranted to develop a functional tendon tissue regeneration utilizing tendon stem/progenitor cells integrated with a tendon-derived decellularized matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangzheng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Sanming Group, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihong Duan
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Roth SP, Schubert S, Scheibe P, Groß C, Brehm W, Burk J. Growth Factor-Mediated Tenogenic Induction of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Altered by the Microenvironment of Tendon Matrix. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1434-1450. [PMID: 30251565 PMCID: PMC6180728 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718792203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related degenerative changes in tendon tissue represent a common cause for acute tendon pathologies. Although the regenerative potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) was reported to restore functionality in injured tendon tissue, cellular mechanisms of action remain partly unclear. Potential tenogenic differentiation of applied MSC is affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The current study presents an in vitro model to evaluate the combined extrinsic effects of decellularized equine tendon matrix, transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP12) on the tenogenic fate of equine adipose tissue-derived MSC. Monolayer MSC cultures supplemented with TGFβ3 and BMP12 as well as MSC cultured on tendon matrix scaffolds preloaded with the growth factors were incubated for 3 and 5 days. Histological evaluation and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that growth factor-mediated tenogenic induction of MSC was modified by the conditions of the surrounding microenvironment. While the gene expression pattern in monolayer cultures supplemented with TGFβ3 or TGFβ3 and BMP12 revealed an upregulation for collagen 1A2, collagen 3A1, tenascin c, scleraxis and mohawk (p < 0.05), the presence of tendon matrix led to an upregulation of decorin and osteopontin as well as to a downregulation of smad8 (p < 0.05). Preloading of scaffolds with either TGFβ3, or with TGFβ3 and BMP12 promoted a tenocyte-like phenotype and improved cell alignment. Furthermore, gene expression in scaffold culture was modulated by TGFβ3 and/or BMP12, with downregulation of collagen 1A2, collagen 3A1, decorin, scleraxis, smad8 and osteopontin, whereas gene expression of tenascin c was increased. This study shows that growth factor-induced tenogenic differentiation of equine MSC is markedly altered by topographical constraints of decellularized tendon tissue in vitro. While TGFβ3 represents an effective mediator for tenogenic induction, the role of BMP12 in tenogenesis may be of modulatory character and needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pauline Roth
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department for Horses, Universität Leipzig, Germany.,2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanna Schubert
- 2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany.,3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheibe
- 2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Groß
- 2 Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department for Horses, Universität Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Department for Horses, Universität Leipzig, Germany.,3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Universität Leipzig, Germany
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Lohan A, Kohl B, Meier C, Schulze-Tanzil G. Tenogenesis of Decellularized Porcine Achilles Tendon Matrix Reseeded with Human Tenocytes in the Nude Mice Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072059. [PMID: 30011964 PMCID: PMC6073795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivation of autologous human tenocytes in a cell-free xenogenic extracellular tendon matrix (xECM) could present an approach for tendon reconstruction. The aim of this study was to achieve tendon-like tissue formation by implanting decellularized porcine Achilles tendons recellularized with human hamstring tendon-derived tenocytes into nude mice. The structure of decellularized xECM was histologically monitored before being dynamically reseeded with human tenocytes. After 6⁻12 weeks in vivo, construct quality was monitored using macroscopical and histological scoring systems, vitality assay and quantitative DNA and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assays. For comparison to tendon xECM, a synthetic polyglycolic acid (PGA) polymer was implanted in a similar manner. Despite decellularized xECM lost some GAGs and structure, it could be recellularized in vitro with human tenocytes, but the cell distribution remained inhomogeneous, with accumulations at the margins of the constructs. In vivo, the xECM constructs revealed in contrast to the PGA no altered size, no inflammation and encapsulation and a more homogeneous cell distribution. xECM reseeded with tenocytes showed superior histological quality than cell-free implanted constructs and contained surviving human cells. Their DNA content after six and 12 weeks in vivo resembled that of native tendon and xECM recellularized in vitro. Results suggest that reseeded decellularized xECM formed a tendon-like tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Lohan
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Kohl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carola Meier
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan Strasse 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany.
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44
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Direct Control of Stem Cell Behavior Using Biomaterials and Genetic Factors. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8642989. [PMID: 29861745 PMCID: PMC5971247 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8642989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have recently emerged as an important candidate for cell therapy. However, some major limitations still exist such as a small quantity of cell supply, senescence, and insufficient differentiation efficiency. Therefore, there is an unmet need to control stem cell behavior for better clinical performance. Since native microenvironment factors including stem cell niche, genetic factors, and growth factors direct stem cell fate cooperatively, user-specified in vitro settings are required to understand the regulatory roles and effects of each factor, thereby applying the factors for improved cell therapy. Among others, various types of biomaterials and transfection method have been employed as key tools for development of the in vitro settings. This review focuses on the current strategies to improve stemness maintenance, direct differentiation, and reprogramming using biomaterials and genetic factors without any aids from additional biochemicals and growth factors.
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45
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Lee KJ, Clegg PD, Comerford EJ, Canty-Laird EG. A comparison of the stem cell characteristics of murine tenocytes and tendon-derived stem cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:116. [PMID: 29650048 PMCID: PMC5897930 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a commonly injured soft musculoskeletal tissue, however, poor healing potential and ineffective treatment strategies result in persistent injuries and tissue that is unable to perform its normal physiological function. The identification of a stem cell population within tendon tissue holds therapeutic potential for treatment of tendon injuries. This study aimed, for the first time, to characterise and compare tenocyte and tendon-derived stem cell (TDSC) populations in murine tendon. Tenocytes and TDSCs were isolated from murine tail tendon. The cells were characterised for morphology, clonogenicity, proliferation, stem cell and tenogenic marker expression and multipotency. TDSCs demonstrated a rounded morphology, compared with a more fibroblastic morphology for tenocytes. Tenocytes had greater clonogenic potential and a smaller population doubling time compared with TDSCs. Stem cell and early tenogenic markers were more highly expressed in TDSCs, whereas late tenogenic markers were more highly expressed in tenocytes. Multipotency was increased in TDSCs with the presence of adipogenic differentiation which was absent in tenocytes. The differences in morphology, clonogenicity, stem cell marker expression and multipotency observed between tenocytes and TDSCs indicate that at least two cell populations are present in murine tail tendon. Determination of the most effective cell population for tendon repair is required in future studies, which in turn may aid in tendon repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Joanna Lee
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Peter David Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.,School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpoo, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne Josephine Comerford
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.,School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpoo, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gail Canty-Laird
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.,The MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Liverpool, UK
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46
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Yan XZ, van den Beucken JJJP, Yuan C, Jansen JA, Yang F. Spheroid formation and stemness preservation of human periodontal ligament cells on chitosan films. Oral Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Yan
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - JJJP van den Beucken
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - C Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - JA Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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47
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Schneider M, Angele P, Järvinen TA, Docheva D. Rescue plan for Achilles: Therapeutics steering the fate and functions of stem cells in tendon wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:352-375. [PMID: 29278683 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing age of our society and a rise in engagement of young people in extreme and/or competitive sports, both tendinopathies and tendon ruptures present a clinical and financial challenge. Tendon has limited natural healing capacity and often responds poorly to treatments, hence it requires prolonged rehabilitation in most cases. Till today, none of the therapeutic options has provided successful long-term solutions, meaning that repaired tendons do not recover their complete strength and functionality. Our understanding of tendon biology and healing increases only slowly and the development of new treatment options is insufficient. In this review, following discussion on tendon structure, healing and the clinical relevance of tendon injury, we aim to elucidate the role of stem cells in tendon healing and discuss new possibilities to enhance stem cell treatment of injured tendon. To date, studies mainly apply stem cells, often in combination with scaffolds or growth factors, to surgically created tendon defects. Deeper understanding of how stem cells and vasculature in the healing tendon react to growth factors, common drugs used to treat injured tendons and promising cellular boosters could help to develop new and more efficient ways to manage tendon injuries.
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48
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Zhang C, Zhang E, Yang L, Tu W, Lin J, Yuan C, Bunpetch V, Chen X, Ouyang H. Histone deacetylase inhibitor treated cell sheet from mouse tendon stem/progenitor cells promotes tendon repair. Biomaterials 2018; 172:66-82. [PMID: 29723756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) have been identified as a rare population in tendons. In vitro propagation is indispensable to obtain sufficient quantities of TSPCs for therapies. However, culture-expanded TSPCs are prone to lose their phenotype, resulting in an inferior repaired capability. And little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we found that altered gene expression was associated with increased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and expression of HDAC subtypes. Therefore, we exposed ScxGFP mice-derived TSPCs to HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA), and observed significant expansion of ScxGFP+ cells without altering phenotypic properties. TSA upregulated Scx expression by inhibiting HDAC1 and -3, and increasing the H3K27Ac level of Tgfb1 and -2 genome region. Additionally, cell sheets formed from TSA-pretreated mTSPCs retained the ability to accelerate tendon repair in vivo. Thus, our results uncovered an unrecognized role of HDACi in phenotypic and functional mTSPCs expansion to enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Erchen Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long Yang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Tu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Varisara Bunpetch
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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49
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Chang P, Guo B, Hui Q, Liu X, Tao K. A bioartificial dermal regeneration template promotes skin cell proliferation in vitro and enhances large skin wound healing in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25226-25241. [PMID: 28423680 PMCID: PMC5421924 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bioartificial dermal regeneration template has been developed using platelet-rich plasma and acellular animal skin collagen sponge for the treatment of larger area and full thickness skin wounds. This platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge keeps native skin structure and contains huge amounts of growth factors. The effect of this bioartificial dermal regeneration template was tested in vitro and in vivo via a mimic poor wound healing process by adding collagenase I into cell culture medium or the wound area. The in vitro experimental results indicated that the rat skin cells grew faster and produced more collagen in platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge with collagenase than those treated either with collagen sponge plus collagenase, or collagenase, or control group without treatment. The in vivo experiments were performed by large rat skin wounds, 1.5 cm diameter, treated either with collagenase, or collagenase plus collagen sponge, or collagenase plus platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge. The wound without treatment was used as a control. The wounds treated with collagenase-containing platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge healed 4 times faster than the untreated wounds, 6 times faster than the collagenase treated wounds, 2.4 times faster than collagenase-containing collagen sponge treated wounds. The immunostaining indicated that the healed tissues in the wound areas treated with collagenase-containing platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge were composed of collagen type I and collagen III with blood vessels and hair follicles. The results demonstrated that this collagenase-containing platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge works as a bioartificial dermal regeneration template. The application of this collagenase-containing platelet-rich plasma-collagen sponge promotes the traumatic skin wound healing and permits the reconstitution of the inherent barrier functions of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Hui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Suen CW, Zhang JF, Li G. Current concepts on tenogenic differentiation and clinical applications. J Orthop Translat 2017; 9:28-42. [PMID: 29662797 PMCID: PMC5822963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone. Chronic or acute tendon injuries are very common, and are always accompanied by pain and a limited range of motion in patients. In clinical settings, management of tendon injuries still remains a big challenge. Cell therapies, such as the application of stem cells for tenogenic differentiation, were suggested to be an ideal strategy for clinical translation. However, there is still a lack of specific methods for tenogenic differentiation due to the limited understanding of tendon biology currently. This review focuses on the summary of current published strategies for tenogenic differentiation, such as the application of growth factors, mechanical stimulation, biomaterials, coculture, or induced pluripotent stem cells. Current clinical applications of stem cells for treatment of tendon injuries and their limitations have also been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Wai Suen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong30-32 Ngan Shing StreetShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong, China
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