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Feng X, Qi F, Wang H, Li W, Gan Y, Qi C, Lin Z, Chen L, Wang P, Hu Z, Miao Y. Sorting Technology for Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Single Tissue Source. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:524-537. [PMID: 38112926 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can be obtained, enriched and proliferated in vitro. They owned enormous potential in fields like regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and immunomodulation. However, though isolated from the same origin, MSCs are still essentially heterogeneous cell populations with different phenotypes and functions. This heterogeneity of MSCs significantly affects their therapeutic efficacy and brings obstacles to scientific research. Thus, reliable sorting technology which can isolate or purify MSC subpopulations with various potential and differentiation pathways is urgently needed. This review summarized principles, application status and clinical implications for these sorting methods, aiming at improving the understanding of MSC heterogeneity as well as providing fresh perspectives for subsequent clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Feng
- The First Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Qi
- The First Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ponnaiyan D, Rughwani RR, Victor DJ, Shetty G. Stem Cells in the Periodontium-Anatomically Related Yet Physiologically Diverse. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:1-13. [PMID: 36588293 PMCID: PMC10959637 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex chronic disease discernible by the deterioration of periodontal tissue. The goal of periodontal therapy is to achieve complete tissue regeneration, and one of the most promising treatment options is to harness the regenerative potential of stem cells available within the periodontal complex. Periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival mesenchymal stem cells, oral periosteal stem cells, and dental follicle stem cells have structural similarities, but their immunological responses and features differ. The qualities of diverse periodontal stem cells, their immune-modulatory effects, and variances in their phenotypes and characteristics will be discussed in this review. Although there is evidence on each stem cell population in the periodontium, understanding the differences in markers expressed, the various research conducted so far on their regenerative potential, will help in understanding which stem cell population will be a better candidate for tissue engineering. The possibility of selecting the most amenable stem cell population for optimal periodontal regeneration and the development and current application of superior tissue engineering treatment options such as autologous transplantation, three-dimensional bioengineered scaffolds, dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roshan R. Rughwani
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhayanand John Victor
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Shetty
- Dental and Orthodontic Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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3
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Fadl A, Leask A. Hiding in Plain Sight: Human Gingival Fibroblasts as an Essential, Yet Overlooked, Tool in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:2021. [PMID: 37626831 PMCID: PMC10453328 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), the most abundant cells in the oral cavity, are essential for maintaining oral homeostasis. Compared with other tissues, adult oral mucosal wounds heal regeneratively, without scarring. Relative to fibroblasts from other locations, HGFs are relatively refractory to myofibroblast differentiation, immunomodulatory, highly regenerative, readily obtained via minimally invasive procedures, easily and rapidly expanded in vitro, and highly responsive to growth factors and cytokines. Consequently, HGFs might be a superior, yet perhaps underappreciated, source of adult mesenchymal progenitor cells to use in tissue engineering and regeneration applications, including the treatment of fibrotic auto-immune connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma. Herein, we highlight in vitro and translational studies that have investigated the regenerative and differentiation potential of HGFs, with the objective of outlining current limitations and inspiring future research that could facilitate translating the regenerative potential of HGFs into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
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Huang P, Xu J, Xie L, Gao G, Chen S, Gong Z, Lao X, Shan Z, Shi J, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Cao Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. Improving hard metal implant and soft tissue integration by modulating the “inflammatory-fibrous complex” response. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:42-52. [PMID: 35633873 PMCID: PMC9127122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cai S, Lei T, Bi W, Sun S, Deng S, Zhang X, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Du H. Chitosan Hydrogel Supplemented with Metformin Promotes Neuron-like Cell Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063276. [PMID: 35328696 PMCID: PMC8955038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are derived from migratory neural crest stem cells and have the potential to differentiate into neurons. Metformin can inhibit stem–cell aging and promotes the regeneration and development of neurons. In this study, we investigated the potential of metformin as an enhancer on neuronal differentiation of GMSCs in the growth environment of chitosan hydrogel. The crosslinked chitosan/β–glycerophosphate hydrogel can form a perforated microporous structure that is suitable for cell growth and channels to transport water and macromolecules. GMSCs have powerful osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic abilities in the induction medium supplemented with metformin. After induction in an induction medium supplemented with metformin, Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that GMSCs differentiated into neuron–like cells with a significantly enhanced expression of neuro–related markers, including Nestin (NES) and β–Tubulin (TUJ1). Proteomics was used to construct protein profiles in neural differentiation, and the results showed that chitosan hydrogels containing metformin promoted the upregulation of neural regeneration–related proteins, including ATP5F1, ATP5J, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe–S protein 3 (NDUFS3), and Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1). Our results help to promote the clinical application of stem–cell neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangyu Bi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Shiwen Deng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.C.); (T.L.); (W.B.); (S.D.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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Characterization and Study of Gene Expression Profiles of Human Periodontal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spheroid Cultures by Transcriptome Analysis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5592804. [PMID: 34712330 PMCID: PMC8548127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5592804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A spheroid is known as a three-dimensional culture model, which better simulates the physiological conditions of stem cells. This study is aimed at identifying genes specifically expressed in spheroid-cultured human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLMSCs) using RNA-seq analysis to evaluate their functions. Transcriptome analysis was performed using spheroid and monolayer cultures of hPDLMSCs from four patients. Cluster and Gene Ontology analyses revealed that genes involved in cell-cell adhesion as well as the G2/M and G1/S transitions of mitotic cell cycles were strongly expressed in the monolayer culture group. However, genes involved in the negative regulation of cell proliferation, histone deacetylation, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling were strongly expressed in the spheroid culture group. We focused on the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2) among the genes that were strongly expressed in the spheroid culture group and analyzed its function. To confirm the results of the transcriptome analysis, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses. Interestingly, we found that the mRNA and protein expressions of NR4A2 were strongly expressed in the spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs. Under osteogenic differentiation conditions, we used siRNA to knock down NR4A2 in spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs to verify its role in osteogenesis. We found that NR4A2 knockdown significantly increased the levels of mRNA expression for osteogenesis-related genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteopontin (OPN), and type 1 collagen (COL1) (Student's paired t-test, p < 0.05). ALP activity was also significantly increased when compared to the negative control group (Student's paired t-test, p < 0.05). Additionally, spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs transfected with siNR4A2 were cultured for 12 days, resulting in the formation of significantly larger calcified nodules compared to the negative control group (Student's paired t-test, p < 0.05). On the other hand, NR4A2 knockdown in hPDLMSC spheroid did not affect the levels of chondrogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes under chondrogenic and adipogenic conditions. These results suggest that NR4A2 negatively regulates osteogenesis in the spheroid culture of hPDLMSCs.
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Kim D, Lee AE, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Le AD. Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667221. [PMID: 33936109 PMCID: PMC8085523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been isolated and characterized from human gingival tissues (GMSCs). Similar to MSCs derived from other sources of tissues, e.g. bone marrow, adipose or umbilical cord, GMSCs also possess multipotent differentiation capacities and potent immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells through the secretion of various types of bioactive factors with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. Uniquely, GMSCs are highly proliferative and have the propensity to differentiate into neural cell lineages due to the neural crest-origin. These properties have endowed GMSCs with potent regenerative and therapeutic potentials in various preclinical models of human disorders, particularly, some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, skin diseases, oral and maxillofacial disorders, and peripheral nerve injuries. All types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, that play critical roles in cell-cell communication through their cargos containing a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Like EVs released by other sources of MSCs, GMSC-derived EVs have been shown to possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects on several preclinical diseases models as GMSCs, thus representing a promising cell-free platform for regenerative therapy. Taken together, due to the easily accessibility and less morbidity of harvesting gingival tissues as well as the potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions, GMSCs represent a unique source of MSCs of a neural crest-origin for potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alisa E Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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8
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Zhang L, Xiong N, Liu Y, Gan L. Biomimetic cell-adhesive ligand-functionalized peptide composite hydrogels maintain stemness of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa057. [PMID: 33738111 PMCID: PMC7953499 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, stem cells reside in a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular microenvironment in which complicated biophysical and biochemical factors regulate their behaviors. Biomimicking of the stem cell-matrix interactions is an ideal approach for controlling the stem cell fate. This study investigates the effects of the incorporation of cell-adhesive ligands in 3D self-assembling peptide hydrogels to modulate stem cell survival, proliferation, maintenance of stemness, and osteogenic differentiation. The results show that the composite hydrogels were non-cytotoxic and effective for maintaining human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC) survival, proliferation and phenotypic characterization. The expression levels of pluripotent markers were also upregulated in the composite hydrogels. Under inductive media conditions, mineral deposition and mRNA expression levels of osteogenic genes of hAMSCs were enhanced. The increasing expression of integrin α- and β-subunits for hAMSCs indicates that the ligand-integrin interactions may modulate the cell fate for hAMSCs in composite hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Na Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lili Gan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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Maturavongsadit P, Narayanan LK, Chansoria P, Shirwaiker R, Benhabbour SR. Cell-Laden Nanocellulose/Chitosan-Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting and Enhanced Osteogenic Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2342-2353. [PMID: 35014355 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting has recently emerged as a very useful tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, developing suitable bioinks to fabricate specific tissue constructs remains a challenging task. Herein, we report on a nanocellulose/chitosan-based bioink, which is compatible with a 3D extrusion-based bioprinting technology, to design and engineer constructs for bone tissue engineering and regeneration applications. Bioinks were prepared using thermogelling chitosan, glycerophosphate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Formulations were optimized by varying the concentrations of glycerophosphate (80-300 mM), hydroxyethyl cellulose (0-0.5 mg/mL), and CNCs (0-2% w/v) to promote fast gelation kinetics (<7 s) at 37 °C and retain the shape integrity of constructs post 3D bioprinting. We investigated the effect of CNCs and pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) on the rheological properties of bioinks, bioink printability, and mechanical properties of bioprinted scaffolds. We demonstrate that the addition of CNCs and cells (5 million cells/mL) significantly improved the viscosity of bioinks and the mechanical properties of chitosan scaffolds post-fabrication. The bioinks were biocompatible and printable at an optimized range of printing pressures (12-20 kPa) that did not compromise cell viability. The presence of CNCs promoted greater osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells in chitosan scaffolds as shown by the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase activity, higher calcium mineralization, and extracellular matrix formation. The versatility of this CNCs-incorporated chitosan hydrogel makes it attractive as a bioink for 3D bioprinting to engineer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and other therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panita Maturavongsadit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lokesh Karthik Narayanan
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Parth Chansoria
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Rohan Shirwaiker
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.,Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - S Rahima Benhabbour
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Vagropoulou G, Trentsiou M, Georgopoulou A, Papachristou E, Prymak O, Kritis A, Epple M, Chatzinikolaidou M, Bakopoulou A, Koidis P. Hybrid chitosan/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds promote odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and in vitro biomineralization. Dent Mater 2020; 37:e23-e36. [PMID: 33208264 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hybrid chitosan/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite (CS/Gel/nHA) scaffolds have attracted considerable interest in tissue engineering (TE) of mineralized tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to induce odontogenic differentiation and in vitro biomineralization. METHODS CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds were synthesized by freeze-drying, seeded with DPSCs, and characterized with flow cytometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), live/dead staining, and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell morphology and viability; real-time PCR for odontogenesis-related gene expression analysis; SEM-EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) for structural and chemical characterization of the mineralized constructs, respectively. RESULTS CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds supported viability and proliferation of DPSCs over 14 days in culture. Gene expression patterns indicated pronounced odontogenic shift of DPSCs, evidenced by upregulation of DSPP, BMP-2, ALP, and the transcription factors RunX2 and Osterix. SEM-EDS showed the production of a nanocrystalline mineralized matrix inside the cell-based and - to a lesser extent - the cell-free constructs, with a time-dependent production of net-like nanocrystals (appr. 25-30nm in diameter). XRD analysis gave the crystallite size (D=50nm) but could not distinguish between the initially incorporated and the biologically produced nHA. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study validating the potential of CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds to support viability and proliferation of DPSCs, and to provide a biomimetic microenvironment favoring odontogenic differentiation and in vitro biomineralization without the addition of any inductive factors, including dexamethasone and/or growth/morphogenetic factors. These results reveal a promising strategy towards TE of mineralized dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Vagropoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Maria Trentsiou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | | | - Eleni Papachristou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser FORTH-IESL, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece.
| | - Petros Koidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece.
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11
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Yi P, Xu X, Qiu B, Li H. Impact of chitosan membrane culture on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3695-3702. [PMID: 32855721 PMCID: PMC7444355 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory joint condition caused by various inflammatory cytokines. The pro-inflammatory cytokines controlling OA include interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-18. The anti-inflammatory cytokines include IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glycoprotein 130 (IL6ST), TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve an anti-inflammatory role in the treatment of OA by secreting various cytokines. Previous studies demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory ability of MSCs decreased rapidly in a traditional plate culture. Maintaining the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs in vitro remains challenging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more stable and efficient method to culture MSCs in vitro. Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin and is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide worldwide. The present study demonstrated that that MSCs cultured on chitosan membranes (CM) spontaneously formed multicellular spheroids. Compared with the control group without CM, the formation of multicellular spheres in the CM enhanced the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs. Expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes mRNA and their proteins in MSCs were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. Protein and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly decreased in CM-cultured MSCs compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, mRNA and protein expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β1 in CM-cultured MSCs were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). These results indicated that the formation of multicellular spheroids by CM-cultured MSCs aided in maintaining anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiongfeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Huajie Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Murata D, Fujimoto R, Nakayama K. Osteochondral Regeneration Using Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103589. [PMID: 32438742 PMCID: PMC7279226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major joint disease that promotes locomotor deficiency during the middle- to old-age, with the associated disability potentially decreasing quality of life. Recently, surgical strategies to reconstruct both articular cartilage and subchondral bone for OA have been diligently investigated for restoring joint structure and function. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), which maintain pluripotency and self-proliferation ability, have recently received attention as a useful tool to regenerate osteocartilage for OA. In this review, several studies were described related to AT-MSC spheroids, with scaffold and scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) constructs produced using “mold” or “Kenzan” methods for osteochondral regeneration. First, several examples of articular cartilage regeneration using AT-MSCs were introduced. Second, studies of osteochondral regeneration (not only cartilage but also subchondral bone) using AT-MSCs were described. Third, examples were presented wherein spheroids were produced using AT-MSCs for cartilage regeneration. Fourth, osteochondral regeneration following autologous implantation of AT-MSC scaffold-free 3D constructs, fabricated using the “mold” or “Kenzan” method, was considered. Finally, prospects of osteochondral regeneration by scaffold-free 3D constructs using AT-MSC spheroids were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Murata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (R.F.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-952-28-8480
| | - Ryota Fujimoto
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (R.F.); (K.N.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan; (R.F.); (K.N.)
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13
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Comparative analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between periodontal ligament stem cells and gingival mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2019; 699:155-164. [PMID: 30876821 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, such as periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), possess different biological characteristics, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear, which restricts their application in tissue engineering. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be significant regulators of gene expression, but our knowledge about their roles in the regulation of stem cell biological properties is still limited. This study compared the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between PDLSCs and GMSCs through microarray analysis, and applied bioinformatics methods to analyze and predict the function and connection of differentially expressed genes, aiming to screen potential key regulators of diverse biological characteristics in PDLSCs and GMSCs. Microarray analysis showed that 2162 lncRNAs and 1347 mRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between PDLSCs and GMSCs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and pathway analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes were involved in diverse biological processes and signaling pathways. The gene signal network and pathway relation network predicted some potentially important regulators. The coding-noncoding gene coexpression network (CNC network) revealed many potential lncRNA-mRNA connection pairs that participated in the regulation of biological behaviors. These results stressed the roles of lncRNAs in controlling stem cell biological behaviors and provided guides for molecular mechanistic study of different biological characteristics in PDLSCs and GMSCs.
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Parisi L, Toffoli A, Bianchi MG, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Elviri L, Macaluso GM. Functional Fibronectin Adsorption on Aptamer-Doped Chitosan Modulates Cell Morphology by Integrin-Mediated Pathway. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050812. [PMID: 30857264 PMCID: PMC6427328 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A decisive step in cell-biomaterial interaction is represented by the adsorption of proteins at the interface, whose fine control may be useful to trigger proper cell response. To this purpose, we can selectively control protein adsorption on biomaterials by means of aptamers. Aptamers selected to recognize fibronectin dramatically enhance chitosan ability to promote cell proliferation and adhesion, but the underlying biological mechanism remains unknown. We supposed that aptamers contributed to ameliorate the adsorption of fibronectin in an advantageous geometrical conformation for cells, thus regulating their morphology by the proper activation of the integrin-mediated pathway. We investigated this possibility by culturing epithelial cells on chitosan enriched with increasing doses of aptamers in the presence or in the absence of cytoskeleton pharmacological inhibitors. Our results showed that aptamers control cell morphology in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Simultaneously, when the inhibition of actin polymerization was induced, the control of cell morphology was attenuated (p < 0.0001), while no differences were detected when cells contractility was challenged (p > 0.05). Altogether, our data provide evidence that aptamers contribute to control fibronectin adsorption on biomaterials by preserving its conformation and thus function. Furthermore, our work provides a new insight into a new way to accurately tailor material surface bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Toffoli
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Guido M Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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15
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Bakopoulou A, Georgopoulou Α, Grivas I, Bekiari C, Prymak O, Loza Κ, Epple M, Papadopoulos GC, Koidis P, Chatzinikolaidou Μ. Dental pulp stem cells in chitosan/gelatin scaffolds for enhanced orofacial bone regeneration. Dent Mater 2018; 35:310-327. [PMID: 30527589 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biomimetic chitosan/gelatin (CS/Gel) scaffolds have attracted great interest in tissue engineering of several tissues. However, limited information exists regarding the potential of combining CS/Gel scaffolds with oral cells, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), to produce customized constructs targeting alveolar/orofacial bone reconstruction, which has been the aim of the present study. METHODS Two scaffold types, designated as CS/Gel-0.1 and CS/Gel-1, were fabricated using 0.1 and 1% (v/v) respectively of the crosslinker glutaraldehyde (GTA). Scaffolds (n=240) were seeded with DPSCs with/without pre-exposure to recombinant human BMP-2. In vitro assessment included DPSCs characterization (flow cytometry), evaluation of viability/proliferation (live/dead staining, metabolic-based tests), osteo/odontogenic gene expression analysis (qRT-PCR) and structural/chemical characterization (scanning electron microscopy, SEM; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDX; X-ray powder diffraction, XRD; thermogravimetry, TG). In vivo assessment included implantation of DPSC-seeded scaffolds in immunocompromised mice, followed by histology and SEM-EDX. Statistical analysis employed one/two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (significance for p<0.05). RESULTS Both scaffolds supported cell viability/proliferation over 14 days in culture, showing extensive formation of a hydroxyapatite-rich nanocrystalline calcium phosphate phase. Differential expression patterns indicated GTA concentration to significantly affect the expression of osteo/odontogenic genes, with CS/Gel-0.1 scaffolds being more effective in upregulating DSPP, IBSP and Osterix. In vivo analysis demonstrated time-dependent production of a nanocrystalline, mineralized matrix at 6, 8 and 10 weeks, being more prominent in constructs bearing rhBMP-2 pre-treated cells. The latter showed higher amounts of osteoid and fully mineralized bone, as well as empty space reduction. SIGNIFICANCE These results reveal a promising strategy for orofacial bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Αnthie Georgopoulou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Grivas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, A.U.Th, Greece
| | - Chryssa Bekiari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, A.U.Th, Greece
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry & Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Κateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry & Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry & Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - George C Papadopoulos
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, A.U.Th, Greece
| | - Petros Koidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Μaria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.
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16
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Xing Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhao B, Ji Y, Xu X. A comprehensive study on donor-matched comparisons of three types of mesenchymal stem cells-containing cells from human dental tissue. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:286-299. [PMID: 30474138 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in tissue engineering, such as for regenerating the supporting structures of teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases. In recent decades, dental tissue-derived MSCs have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival MSCs (GMSCs) are the most readily available MSCs among all types of dental MSCs. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the characteristics of MSCs from dental pulp (DP), periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingiva (G) in vitro and thus provide insight into optimizing the performance of cells and seed cell selection strategies for tissue regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, patient-matched (n = 5) cells derived from DP, PDL and G which, respectively, contained DPSCs, PDLSCs and GMSCs were evaluated using multiple methods in terms of their proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, multilineage differentiation and stemness maintenance after long-term passage. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cells-containing cells from G (MSCs/GCs) showed superior proliferation capability, whereas patient-matched MSCs-containing cells from PDL (MSCs/PDLCs) exhibited excellent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability; MSCs-containing cells from DP (MSCs/DPCs) achieved mediocre results in both aspects. In addition, MSCs/GCs were the least susceptible to senescence, while MSCs/PDLCs were the most prone to ageing. Furthermore, the biological properties of these three types of cells were all affected after long-term in vitro culture. CONCLUSION These three types of dental MSCs showed different biological characteristics. MSCs/PDLCs are the best candidate cells for bone regeneration, but the application of MSCs/PDLCs might be limited to certain number of passages. Improving the differentiation of MSCs/GCs remains the key issue regarding their application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneraton, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneraton, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneraton, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneraton, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yawen Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneraton, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneraton, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Yan XZ, van den Beucken JJJP, Yuan C, Jansen JA, Yang F. Spheroid formation and stemness preservation of human periodontal ligament cells on chitosan films. Oral Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Yan
- Department of Periodontology; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - JJJP van den Beucken
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - C Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai China
| | - JA Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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18
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Involvement of mTOR-autophagy in the selection of primitive mesenchymal stem cells in chitosan film 3-dimensional culture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10113. [PMID: 28860574 PMCID: PMC5578982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in conventional monolayer culture are heterogeneous and contain a significant portion of senescent cells. MSCs cultured on chitosan film form 3-dimenional spheres, increase in stemness and differentiation capability; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We first demonstrate chitosan film culture induces apoptosis at 2 days, with specificity in late senescent cells. Especially in senescent cells, chitosan film culture activates mTOR, which activates S6K/S6/4E-BP1 to enhance fibronection synthesis and peripheral dead cell attachment, and phosphorylates ULK1 at S757 to further inactivate ULK1, LC3A and autophagy, thereby inducing apoptosis. Combination of chitosan film culture with mTOR inhibition prevents peripheral dead cell attachment, thereby further increasing pluripotent gene expression, in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo bone formation. These data successfully figure out the role of mTOR signaling in chitosan film culture and develop a method by combination of rapamycin treatment for promoting stemness and differentiation capability in MSCs.
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Asghari Sana F, Çapkın Yurtsever M, Kaynak Bayrak G, Tunçay EÖ, Kiremitçi AS, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Spreading, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on chitosan scaffolds immobilized with RGD or fibronectin. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:617-630. [PMID: 28653139 PMCID: PMC5507842 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) became more attractive for therapeutic purposes because of their high proliferation and differentiation potential. Thus, coupling the desired cellular characteristics of hDPSCs with good biomaterial properties of the chitosan scaffolds provide an interesting approach for tissue engineering applications. On the other hand, scaffold surface modification is also needed to promote stem cell adhesion since chitosan lacks adhesion motifs to support direct cell anchorage. In this study, hDPSCs were isolated from third molars of healthy female individuals (aged 16-25) with enzymatic digestion. For cell culture studies, the chitosan scaffolds which have approximately 9 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness with interconnected structure were prepared by freeze-drying. To support cellular attachment the scaffolds were covalently immobilized with either RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) or fibronectin (Fn) molecules. Cells were seeded on chitosan scaffolds with or without immobilized RGD and fibronectin. Cell attachment, spreading, adhesion behaviors and proliferation capacity were examined by scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining and PrestoBlue® assays, respectively. In addition, differentiation potential of hDPSCs on Fn immobilized chitosan scaffolds was determined with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that chitosan scaffolds were not able to support stem cell attachment. hDPSCs on chitosan scaffolds formed spheroids more quickly and the size of spheroids were smaller than on chitosan-RGD while Fn-immobilized chitosan scaffolds strongly supported cellular attachment but not odontogenic differentiation. The results suggest that the Fn-immobilized chitosan scaffolds may serve as good three-dimensional substrates for dental pulp stem cell attachment and proliferation. In the case of dental regeneration, they must be supported by appropriate biosignals to induce odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Asghari Sana
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ekin Özge Tunçay
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arlin S Kiremitçi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chitosan-assisted differentiation of porcine adipose tissue-derived stem cells into glucose-responsive insulin-secreting clusters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172922. [PMID: 28253305 PMCID: PMC5333835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique advantage of easy access and abundance make the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) a promising system of multipotent cells for transplantation and regenerative medicine. Among the available sources, porcine ADSCs (pADSCs) deserve especial attention due to the close resemblance of human and porcine physiology, as well as for the upcoming availability of humanized porcine models. Here, we report on the isolation and conversion of pADSCs into glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells. We used the stromal-vascular fraction of the dorsal subcutaneous adipose from 9-day-old male piglets to isolate pADSCs, and subjected the cells to an induction scheme for differentiation on chitosan-coated plates. This one-step procedure promoted differentiation of pADSCs into pancreatic islet-like clusters (PILC) that are characterized by the expression of a repertoire of pancreatic proteins, including pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (Pdx-1), insulin gene enhancer protein (ISL-1) and insulin. Upon glucose challenge, these PILC secreted high amounts of insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Our data also suggest that chitosan plays roles not only to enhance the differentiation potential of pADSCs, but also to increase the glucose responsiveness of PILCs. Our novel approach is, therefore, of great potential for transplantation-based amelioration of type 1 diabetes.
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SANTRA LAKSHMAN, GUPTA SAURABH, KANNAN SANGEETHA, SINGH AJAYK, KUMAR GVPPSRAVI, NASKAR SOUMEN, GHOSH JYOTIRMOY, DHARA SUJOYK. Long bones, a slaughterhouse by-product, may serve as an excellent source for mesenchymal stem cells. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i1.66860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the rarest sub-populations of bone marrow resident cells having inherent ability to differentiate into mesenchyme tissues e.g. bone, cartilage and adipose tissues. The natural selfrenewal ability and potential for lineage specific differentiation have made these cells an excellent material for research and therapy in regenerative medicine. But, successful isolation and in vitro expansion of these cells still remain the pivotal steps for majority of stem cell based applications. Various techniques have been successfully used for isolation of MSCs from laboratory animals, but those are difficult to apply for domestic species. Hence, harvesting MSCs from most domestic animals remains a real challenge. Here we have demonstrated an easy, convenient, low cost method of MSCs isolation from slaughtered animals. As a proof of concept, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of 3 different species, namely, sheep, pig and goat. These cells expressed multiple markers and also retained their self-renewal potential, exhibited by successful sub-culturing over 30 passages. Moreover, MSCs expressed many pluripotency factors e.g. OCT4, Nanog, c-Myc, KLF2 and KLF4. This indicated that the bone marrow derived MSCs were at very early stage of commitment and therefore, possibly retained high plasticity. Since these cells are available from slaughtered animals, this circumvents the bioethical issues associated with invasive method of MSC isolation from bone marrow. This invaluable and easily adoptable method for isolation of MSCs from large domestic animal would encourage isolation process in other animals and help in future cell based researches and therapies in the field of regenerative medicine.
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22
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Substrate-mediated reprogramming of human fibroblasts into neural crest stem-like cells and their applications in neural repair. Biomaterials 2016; 102:148-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Isolation and characterization of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells using limiting dilution method. J Dent Sci 2016; 11:304-314. [PMID: 30894989 PMCID: PMC6395297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are attractive alternative MSC sources because of their relative abundance of sources and ease of accessibility. However, the isolation method for harboring GMSCs remains under discussion. The aim of the study was to isolate and explore in vitro characterization of human GMSCs, and compare stem cell properties with bulk-cultured gingival fibroblasts (GFs). Materials and methods GMSCs were isolated with limiting dilution method. Tissue-matched bulk-cultured GFs and GMSCs were evaluated in terms of their colony-forming abilities, population doubling capacities, cell surface epitopes, and multilineage differentiation potentials. Results GMSCs showed a significantly higher number of colony-forming units-fibroblast (P < 0.001) than bulk-cultured GFs, while the population doubling capacity of GMSCs reduced. Both types of cells were uniformly positive for MSC-associated makers CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166, and were negative for hematopoietic markers CD14, CD34, and CD45. The only distinct marker was STRO-1, which was more highly expressed in GMSCs (13.4%) than in bulk-cultured GFs (0.02%). Upon induction, GMSCs displayed the capacity to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed related gene levels were significantly upregulated (P < 0.001). By contrast, bulk-cultured GFs lacked the capacity to undergo multilineage differentiation, and related gene levels showed no significant difference when compared with control groups. Conclusion The data validate the effectiveness of limiting dilution method for GMSCs isolation. GMSCs, in contrast to bulk-cultured GFs, harbor stem cell characteristics and can act as alternative cell sources for tissue engineering.
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Brini AT, Coccè V, Ferreira LMJ, Giannasi C, Cossellu G, Giannì AB, Angiero F, Bonomi A, Pascucci L, Falchetti ML, Ciusani E, Bondiolotti G, Sisto F, Alessandri G, Pessina A, Farronato G. Cell-mediated drug delivery by gingival interdental papilla mesenchymal stromal cells (GinPa-MSCs) loaded with paclitaxel. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:789-98. [PMID: 26986001 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1167037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gingival tissue is composed of cell types that contribute to the body's defense against many agents in oral environment, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Thanks to their easy and scarcely invasive withdrawal procedure, interdental papilla provide a good source of mesenchymal stromal cells (GinPa-MSCs). We isolated GinPa-MSCs and verified their ability to uptake/release the anticancer agent Paclitaxel (PTX). METHODS In vitro expanded GinPa-MSCs were characterized for CD markers by FACS, tested for differentiation ability and analyzed by TEM. Their ability to uptake/release PTX was assessed according to a standardized procedure. RESULTS The CD expression and chondro-adipo-osteo differentiation ability confirmed the mesenchymal feature of GinPa-MSCs. Surprisingly, 28% of GinPa-MSCs expressed CD14 marker and had an impressive pinocytotic activity. GinPa-MSCs were able to take up and release a sufficient amount of PTX to demonstrate effective in vitro activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells, suggesting that the drug was not inactivated. CONCLUSIONS The procedure to obtain MSCs from interdental papilla is less invasive than that used for both bone marrow and adipose tissue, GinPa-MSCs are easy to expand and can be efficiently loaded with PTX. Taken together these qualities suggest that GinPa-MSCs may prove to be a good tool for cell-mediated drug delivery in cancer, particularly if related to stomatognathic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Teresa Brini
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,b I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Valentina Coccè
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,d Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Lorena M Josè Ferreira
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Giannasi
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Gianguido Cossellu
- c Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Aldo Bruno Giannì
- d Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Angiero
- e Department of Medical Sciences and Diagnostic Integrated , S. Martino Hospital, University of Genoa , Genoa Italy
| | - Arianna Bonomi
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- f Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | | | - Emilio Ciusani
- h Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Neurogenetic Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta , Milan , Italy
| | - Gianpietro Bondiolotti
- i Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Sisto
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- j Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases , IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta , Milan , Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- a Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,c Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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25
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Bianco J, De Berdt P, Deumens R, des Rieux A. Taking a bite out of spinal cord injury: do dental stem cells have the teeth for it? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1413-37. [PMID: 26768693 PMCID: PMC11108394 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dental stem cells are an emerging star on a stage that is already quite populated. Recently, there has been a lot of hype concerning these cells in dental therapies, especially in regenerative endodontics. It is fitting that most research is concentrated on dental regeneration, although other uses for these cells need to be explored in more detail. Being a true mesenchymal stem cell, their capacities could also prove beneficial in areas outside their natural environment. One such field is the central nervous system, and in particular, repairing the injured spinal cord. One of the most formidable challenges in regenerative medicine is to restore function to the injured spinal cord, and as yet, a cure for paralysis remains to be discovered. A variety of approaches have already been tested, with graft-based strategies utilising cells harbouring appropriate properties for neural regeneration showing encouraging results. Here we present a review focusing on properties of dental stem cells that endorse their use in regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis on repairing the damaged spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bianco
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Heng BC, Lim LW, Wu W, Zhang C. An Overview of Protocols for the Neural Induction of Dental and Oral Stem Cells In Vitro. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:220-50. [PMID: 26757369 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, various adult stem cells have been identified within the oral cavity, including dental pulp stem cells, dental follicle stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells from the gingiva. All of these possess neurogenic potential due to their common developmental origin from the embryonic neural crest. Besides the relative ease of isolation of these adult stem cells from readily available biological waste routinely produced during dental treatment, these cells also possess the advantage of immune compatibility in autologous transplantation. In recent years, much interest has been focused on the derivation of neural lineages from these adult stem cells for therapeutic applications in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve regeneration. In addition, there are also promising nontherapeutic applications of stem cell-derived neurons in pharmacological and toxicological screening of neuroactive drugs, and for in vitro modeling of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this review will critically examine the diverse array of in vitro neural induction protocols that have been devised for dental and oral-derived stem cells. These protocols are defined not only by the culture milieu comprising the basal medium plus growth factors, small molecules, and other culture supplements but also by the substrata/surface coatings utilized, the presence of multiple culture stages, the total culture duration, the initial seeding density, and whether the spheroid/neurosphere formation is being utilized to recapitulate the three-dimensional neural differentiation microenvironment that is naturally present physiologically in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chin Heng
- 1 Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodonthics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wutian Wu
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- 1 Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodonthics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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27
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Xie L, Mao M, Zhou L, Jiang B. Spheroid Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles: Two Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:203-13. [PMID: 26575103 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Mao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Van Pham P, Tran NY, Phan NLC, Vu NB, Phan NK. Vitamin C stimulates human gingival stem cell proliferation and expression of pluripotent markers. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:218-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Fast isolation and expansion of multipotent cells from adipose tissue based on chitosan-selected primary culture. Biomaterials 2015; 65:154-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yu T, Volponi AA, Babb R, An Z, Sharpe PT. Stem Cells in Tooth Development, Growth, Repair, and Regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 115:187-212. [PMID: 26589926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human teeth contain stem cells in all their mesenchymal-derived tissues, which include the pulp, periodontal ligament, and developing roots, in addition to the support tissues such as the alveolar bone. The precise roles of these cells remain poorly understood and most likely involve tissue repair mechanisms but their relative ease of harvesting makes teeth a valuable potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for therapeutic use. These dental MSC populations all appear to have the same developmental origins, being derived from cranial neural crest cells, a population of embryonic stem cells with multipotential properties. In rodents, the incisor teeth grow continuously throughout life, a feature that requires populations of continuously active mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. The discrete locations of these stem cells in the incisor have rendered them amenable for study and much is being learnt about the general properties of these stem cells for the incisor as a model system. The incisor MSCs appear to be a heterogeneous population consisting of cells from different neural crest-derived tissues. The epithelial stem cells can be traced directly back in development to a Sox10(+) population present at the time of tooth initiation. In this review, we describe the basic biology of dental stem cells, their functions, and potential clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Babb
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengwen An
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained with ease from dental/oral tissue, making them an attractive source of autologous stem cells. They offer a biological solution for restoring damaged dental tissues such as vital pulp engineering, regeneration of periodontal ligament lost in periodontal disease, and for generation of complete or partial tooth structures to form biological implants. Dental mesenchymal stem cells share properties with mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and there is a considerable potential for these cells to be used in different stem-cell-based therapies, such as bone and muscle regeneration. In addition, their immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory properties make these cells a suitable source for treating immunodisorders like systematic lupus erythematosus. In addition, gingival tissue might also be a very good source of epithelial cells used in the treatment of severe ocular surface disorders. Being such an accessible source for different stem cells, the tooth and the attached gingival tissue (usually discarded in the clinics) represent an ideal source of autologous or allogeneic stem cells that can be used in the treatment of many clinical conditions in dentistry and medicine.
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32
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Volponi AA, Gentleman E, Fatscher R, Pang YWY, Gentleman MM, Sharpe PT. Composition of Mineral Produced by Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1568-74. [PMID: 26253190 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different dental tissues have been described to have osteogenic/odontogenic-like differentiation capacity, but little attention has been paid to the biochemical composition of the material that each produces. Here, we used Raman spectroscopy to analyze the mineralized materials produced in vitro by different dental cell populations, and we compared them with the biochemical composition of native dental tissues. We show that different dental stem cell populations produce materials that differ in their mineral and matrix composition and that these differ from those of native dental tissues. In vitro, BCMP (bone chip mass population), SCAP (stem cells from apical papilla), and SHED (stem cells from human-exfoliated deciduous teeth) cells produce a more highly mineralized matrix when compared with that produced by PDL (periodontal ligament), DPA (dental pulp adult), and GF (gingival fibroblast) cells. Principal component analyses of Raman spectra further demonstrated that the crystallinity and carbonate substitution environments in the material produced by each cell type varied, with DPA cells, for example, producing a more carbonate-substituted mineral and with SCAP, SHED, and GF cells creating a less crystalline material when compared with other dental stem cells and native tissues. These variations in mineral composition reveal intrinsic differences in the various cell populations, which may in turn affect their specific clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Volponi
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - E Gentleman
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - R Fatscher
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Y W Y Pang
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - M M Gentleman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - P T Sharpe
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
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33
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Jiang MH, Li G, Liu J, Liu L, Wu B, Huang W, He W, Deng C, Wang D, Li C, Lahn BT, Shi C, Xiang AP. Nestin(+) kidney resident mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of acute kidney ischemia injury. Biomaterials 2015; 50:56-66. [PMID: 25736496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important regulators of kidney homeostasis, repair or regeneration. However, natural distribution and the starting population properties of these cells remain elusive because of the lack of specific markers. Here, we identified post-natal kidney derived Nestin(+) cells that fulfilled all of the criteria as a mesenchymal stem cell. These isolated Nestin(+) cells expressed the typical cell-surface marker of MSC, including Sca-1, CD44, CD106, NG2 and PDGFR-α. They were capable of self-renewal, possessed high clonogenic potential and extensive proliferation for more than 30 passages. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, these cells could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and podocytes. After intravenous injection into acute kidney injury mice, Nestin(+) cells contributed to functional improvement by significantly decreasing the peak level of serum creatinine and BUN, and reducing the damaged cell apoptosis. Furthermore, conditioned medium from Nestin(+) cells could protect against ischemic acute renal failure partially through paracrine factor VEGF. Taken together, our findings indicate that renal resident Nestin(+) MSCs can be derived, propagated, differentiated, and repair the acute kidney injury, which may shed new light on understanding MSCs biology and developing cell replacement therapies for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Jiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension & Kidney Research, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bruce T Lahn
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Hsu SH, Hsieh PS. Self-assembled adult adipose-derived stem cell spheroids combined with biomaterials promote wound healing in a rat skin repair model. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:57-64. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Sciences and Engineering; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pai-Shan Hsieh
- Institute of Polymer Sciences and Engineering; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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35
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Yang CM, Huang YJ, Hsu SH. Enhanced Autophagy of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Grown on Chitosan Substrates. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:89-96. [PMID: 26309785 PMCID: PMC4497627 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important protein quality control mechanism for cells under stress conditions to promote cell survival. Modulation of autophagy on biomaterial substrates is rarely reported. In this study, the autophagy of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured on chitosan (CS) substrates was examined. Compared to the traditional monolayer culture, ADSCs cultured on CS substrates showed spheroid formation as well as a prolonged upregulation of autophagosomal marker-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) II protein expression. In addition, the green fluorescent protein tagged-LC3 (GFP-LC3) expressing ADSCs also revealed more GFP-LC3 puncta on CS substrates. The enhanced autophagy on CS substrates was associated with Ca(2+), while ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a Ca(2+) chelator, repressed the autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ADSC spheroids on CS substrates demonstrated a higher survival rate and autophagy response upon H2O2 treatment. The upstream components of autophagy signal pathway-UNC51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1), autophagy-related protein 13 (Atg13), and autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1 (Ambra1) genes were more highly expressed in ADSC spheroids before and after adding H2O2 than those in the conventional culture. EGTA also decreased the cell viability and autophagy-associated gene expression for ADSC spheroids on CS substrates after H2O2 treatment. Therefore, we suggest that three-dimensional (3D) cell culture on CS may confer ADSCs the ability to increase the autophagic flux in response to stimulations in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ming Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jang Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Isolation and multiple differentiation potential assessment of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20982-96. [PMID: 25405732 PMCID: PMC4264207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the gingiva (GMSCs) and confirm their multiple differentiation potentials, including the odontogenic lineage. GMSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dermal stem cells (DSCs) cultures were analyzed for cell shape, cell cycle, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) and stem cell markers. Cells were then induced for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and analyzed for differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization nodule formation and Runx2, ALP, osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen I expressions for the osteogenic differentiation, and lipid vacuole formation and PPARγ-2 expression for the adipogenic differentiation). Besides, the odontogenic differentiation potential of GMSCs induced with embryonic tooth germ cell-conditioned medium (ETGC-CM) was observed. GMSCs, PDLSCs and DSCs were all stromal origin. PDLSCs showed much higher osteogenic differentiation ability but lower adipogenic differentiation potential than DSCs. GMSCs showed the medial osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials between those of PDLSCs and DSCs. GMSCs were capable of expressing the odontogenic genes after ETGC-CM induction. This study provides evidence that GMSCs can be used in tissue engineering/regeneration protocols as an approachable stem cell source.
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37
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Hsu SH, Huang GS, Ho TT, Feng F. Efficient Gene Silencing in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Substrate-Mediated RNA Interference. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:916-30. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Guo-Shiang Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Tso Ho
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fuh Feng
- Forward Dental Group, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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38
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Kan L, Kessler JA. Evaluation of the cellular origins of heterotopic ossification. Orthopedics 2014; 37:329-40. [PMID: 24810815 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140430-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), acquired or hereditary, is featured by the formation of bone outside of the normal skeleton. Typical acquired HO is a common, debilitating condition associated with traumatic events. Cardiovascular calcification, an atypical form of acquired HO, is prevalent and associated with high rates of cardiovascular mortality. Hereditary HO syndromes, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and progressive osseous heteroplasia, are rare, progressive, life-threatening disorders. The cellular origins of HO remain elusive. Some bona fide contributing cell populations have been found through genetic lineage tracing and other experiments in vivo, and various other candidate populations have been proposed. Nevertheless, because of the difficulties in establishing cellular phenotypes in vivo and other confounding factors, the true identities of these populations are still uncertain. This review critically evaluates the accumulating data in the field. The major focus is on the candidate populations that may give rise to osteochondrogenic lineage cells directly, not the populations that may contribute to HO indirectly. This issue is important not solely because of the clinical implications, but also because it highlights the basic biological processes that govern bone formation.
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39
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Yeh HY, Lin TY, Lin CH, Yen BL, Tsai CL, Hsu SH. Neocartilage formation from mesenchymal stem cells grown in type II collagen-hyaluronan composite scaffolds. Differentiation 2014; 86:171-83. [PMID: 24462469 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) collagen type II-hyaluronan (HA) composite scaffolds (CII-HA) which mimics the extracellular environment of natural cartilage were fabricated in this study. Rheological measurements demonstrated that the incorporation of HA increased the compression modulus of the scaffolds. An initial in vitro evaluation showed that scaffolds seeded with porcine chondrocytes formed cartilaginous-like tissue after 8 weeks, and HA functioned to promote the growth of chondrocytes into scaffolds. Placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMC) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) were seeded on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), CII-HA films, and small intestinal submucosa (SIS) sheets for comparing their chondrogenesis differentiation potentials with those of adipose-derived adult stem cells (ADAS) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Among different cells, PDMC showed the greatest chondrogenic differentiation potential on both CII-HA films and SIS sheets upon TGF-β3 induction, followed by GF. This was evidenced by the up-regulation of chondrogenic genes (Sox9, aggrecan, and collagen type II), which was not observed for cells grown on TCPS. This finding suggested the essential role of substrate materials in the chondrogenic differentiation of PDMC and GF. Neocartilage formation was more obvious in both PDMC and GF cells plated on CII-HA composite scaffolds vs. 8-layer SIS at 28 days in vitro. Finally, implantation of PDMC/CII-HA constructs into NOD-SCID mice confirmed the formation of tissue-engineered cartilage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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40
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Substrate-dependent gene regulation of self-assembled human MSC spheroids on chitosan membranes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:10. [PMID: 24387160 PMCID: PMC4046657 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are generally regarded to have beneficial properties over MSCs in monolayer. Recent literatures have documented that MSCs can self-assemble into 3D spheroids with a greater capacity for differentiation into various cell types when grown on chitosan (CS), a biopolymer. The genomic modulation occurring in these MSC spheroids is thus of essential importance for understanding their uniqueness and therapeutic potentials. In this study, 3D spheroids self-assembled from human umbilical cord MSCs grown on CS membranes were analyzed by mRNA as well as microRNA microarrays, which helped identify the critical signaling events that may alter the cellular functions during the spheroid forming process. Results Genes screened from mRNA and microRNA cross-correlation analyses were further confirmed with the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results revealed the regulation of a significant number of calcium-associated genes, which suggested the crucial role of calcium signaling in CS-derived MSC spheroids. In addition, many genes associated with the multilineage differentiation capacities and those associated with the antiinflammatory and antitumor properties of MSCs were upregulated. The genetic modulation was significantly more remarkable and endured longer for MSC spheroids derived on CS substrates compared to those derived on a non-adherent (polyvinyl alcohol) substrate. Conclusions Based on the study, the culture substrates used to prepare 3D MSC spheroids may predefine their properties through cell-substrate interaction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-10) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Huang GS, Hsieh PS, Tseng CS, Hsu SH. The substrate-dependent regeneration capacity of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids derived on various biomaterial surfaces. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1652-1660. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ADSC spheroids derived on various biomaterials present different in vitro properties, which may explain their different efficacies in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shiang Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Shan Hsieh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shiow Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Taiwan
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Functional recoveries of sciatic nerve regeneration by combining chitosan-coated conduit and neurosphere cells induced from adipose-derived stem cells. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2234-44. [PMID: 24360575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal repair occurs in a peripheral nerve gap, which can be partially restored by bridging the gap with various biosynthetic conduits or cell-based therapy. In this study, we developed a combination of chitosan coating approach to induce neurosphere cells from human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on chitosan-coated plate and then applied these cells to the interior of a chitosan-coated silicone tube to bridge a 10-mm gap in a rat sciatic nerve. Myelin sheath degeneration and glial scar formation were discovered in the nerve bridged by the silicone conduit. By using a single treatment of chitosan-coated conduit or neurosphere cell therapy, the nerve gap was partially recovered after 6 weeks of surgery. Substantial improvements in nerve regeneration were achieved by combining neurosphere cells and chitosan-coated conduit based on the increase of myelinated axons density and myelin thickness, gastrocnemius muscle weight and muscle fiber diameter, and step and stride lengths from gait analysis. High expressions of interleukin-1β and leukotriene B4 receptor 1 in the intra-neural scarring caused by using silicone conduits revealed that the inflammatory mechanism can be inhibited when the conduit is coated with chitosan. This study demonstrated that the chitosan-coated surface performs multiple functions that can be used to induce neurosphere cells from ASCs and to facilitate nerve regeneration in combination with a cells-assisted coated conduit.
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Yan XZ, van den Beucken JJJP, Both SK, Yang PS, Jansen JA, Yang F. Biomaterial strategies for stem cell maintenance during in vitro expansion. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:340-54. [PMID: 24168361 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells, having the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are the building blocks for tissue/organ regeneration. Stem cells can be isolated from various sources but are, in general, available in too small numbers to be used directly for clinical purpose without intermediate expansion procedures in vitro. Although this in vitro expansion of undifferentiated stem cells is necessary, stem cells typically diminish their ability to self-renew and proliferate during passaging. Consequently, maintaining the stemness of stem cells has been recognized as a major challenge in stem cell-based research. This review focuses on the latest developments in maintaining the self-renewal ability of stem cells during in vitro expansion by biomaterial strategies. Further, this review highlights what should be the focus for future studies using stem cells for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhen Yan
- 1 Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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44
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Fukumoto K, Tsuno T, Taniguchi M, Terada S. Rice bran extract affects differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells potency into osteogenic cells. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:937-43. [PMID: 24061553 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As rice bran contains various nutrients and other proteins of which a part has biological effects on animal cells, we tested the effect of rice bran extract on rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) obtained from bone marrow. These rMSCs are pluripotent and can be readily induced to differentiate into a number of cell types, including bone and cartilage. rMSC was aggregated by culturing in serum-free condition with rice bran extract, but was not aggregated by culturing in serum-free condition or in serum-containing medium. Moreover, the longer aggregates of rMSCs were cultured in serum-free condition with rice bran extract, the more the aggregates grew. After two passages in serum-free conditions, rMSCs lost their potency for differentiation into osteogenic cells; however, the addition of rice bran extract to serum-free medium successfully prevented the loss of this ability for differentiation. In addition, MSC makers CD105 and CD166 gene expression in serum-free condition with rice barn extract corresponded to these expressions in serum-containing medium. This result suggests that certain factors in rice bran could be bioactive and contribute toward retaining the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteogenic cells after passaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Fukumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan,
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Fournier BPJ, Larjava H, Häkkinen L. Gingiva as a source of stem cells with therapeutic potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3157-77. [PMID: 23944935 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal connective tissues contain phenotypically heterogeneous cells populations that include distinct fibroblast subpopulations, pericytes, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells play key roles in tissue development, maintenance, and repair and contribute to various pathologies. Depending on the origin of tissue, connective tissue cells, including MSCs, have different phenotypes. Understanding the identity and specific functions of these distinct tissue-specific cell populations may allow researchers to develop better treatment modalities for tissue regeneration and find novel approaches to prevent pathological conditions. Interestingly, MSCs from adult oral mucosal gingiva possess distinct characteristics, including neural crest origin, multipotent differentiation capacity, fetal-like phenotype, and potent immunomodulatory properties. These characteristics and an easy, relatively noninvasive access to gingival tissue, and fast tissue regeneration after tissue biopsy make gingiva an attractive target for cell isolation for therapeutic purposes aiming to promote tissue regeneration and fast, scar-free wound healing. The purpose of this review is to discuss the identity, phenotypical heterogeneity, and function of gingival MSCs and summarize what is currently known about their properties, role in scar-free healing, and their future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P J Fournier
- 1 Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, Canada
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Yang H, Gao LN, An Y, Hu CH, Jin F, Zhou J, Jin Y, Chen FM. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells derived from gingival tissue and periodontal ligament in different incubation conditions. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7033-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ni HC, Tseng TC, Chen JR, Hsu SH, Chiu IM. Fabrication of bioactive conduits containing the fibroblast growth factor 1 and neural stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration across a 15 mm critical gap. Biofabrication 2013; 5:035010. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/3/035010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Substrate-dependent Wnt signaling in MSC differentiation within biomaterial-derived 3D spheroids. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4725-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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49
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Hsu SH, Ni YH, Lee YC. Microwell Chips for Selection of Bio-macromolecules that Increase the Differentiation Capacities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1100-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-hui Hsu
- No. 1; Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road; Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Ni
- No. 1; Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road; Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Floor 16, No.8, Chung-Shan South Road; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei 10002 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Lee
- No.1; Ta-Hsueh Road; Department of Mechanical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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50
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Zhang QZ, Nguyen AL, Yu WH, Le AD. Human oral mucosa and gingiva: a unique reservoir for mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1011-8. [PMID: 22988012 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512461016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of progenitor cells with self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential. Aside from their regenerative role, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that MSCs are capable of potent immunomodulatory effects on a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells. In this article, we will review recent experimental studies on the characterization of a unique population of MSCs derived from human oral mucosa and gingiva, especially their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions and their application in the treatment of several in vivo models of inflammatory diseases. The ease of isolation, accessible tissue source, and rapid ex vivo expansion, with maintenance of stable stem-cell-like phenotypes, render oral mucosa- and gingiva-derived MSCs a promising alternative cell source for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Z Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, Penn Dental Medicine and Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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