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Signorini S, Delledonne A, Pescina S, Bianchera A, Sissa C, Vivero-Lopez M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Santi P, Padula C, Nicoli S. A sterilizable platform based on crosslinked xanthan gum for controlled-release of polymeric micelles: Ocular application for the delivery of neuroprotective compounds to the posterior eye segment. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124141. [PMID: 38677392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
TPGS (D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) polymeric micelles show interesting properties for ocular administration thanks to their solubilization capability, nanometric size and tissue penetration ability. However, micelles formulations are generally characterized by low viscosity, poor adhesion and very short retention time at the administration site. Therefore, the idea behind this work is the preparation and characterization of a crosslinked film based on xanthan gum that contains TPGS micelles and is capable of controlling their release. The system was loaded with melatonin and cyclosporin A, neuroprotective compounds to be delivered to the posterior eye segment. Citric acid and heating at different times and temperatures were exploited as crosslinking approach, giving the possibility to tune swelling, micelles release and drug release. The biocompatibility of the platform was confirmed by HET-CAM assay. Ex vivo studies on isolated porcine ocular tissues, conducted using Franz cells and two-photon microscopy, demonstrated the potential of the xanthan gum-based platform and enlightened micelles penetration mechanism. Finally, the sterilization step was approached, and a process to simultaneously crosslink and sterilize the platform was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Signorini
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Delledonne
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Insititute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Insititute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Patrizia Santi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Padula
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Sara Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Sorgi D, Sartori A, Germani S, Gentile RN, Bianchera A, Bettini R. Imiquimod Solubility in Different Solvents: An Interpretative Approach. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:282. [PMID: 38399335 PMCID: PMC10893280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod (IMQ) has been successfully formulated to date mainly as semi-solid lipophilic formulations for topical application. In this study, we investigated the solubility of IMQ in solvents suitable for developing innovative formulations in the form of powder obtained, for instance, by spray drying; thus, water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide were tested at different temperatures. Temperature variations, stirring intensity, and the contact time between IMQ and the solvent greatly affected the evaluation of IMQ equilibrium solubility. The attainment of the solid-liquid equilibrium requires 13 days starting from solid IMQ and 2 days from a cooled-down supersaturated IMQ solution. A correlation between IMQ solubility and the solubility parameters of solvents was not found. IMQ solutions in water, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide were neither ideal nor regular. The Scatchard-Hildebrand equation does not apply to IMQ solutions because of association phenomena due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and/or π-stacking, as supported by the hyperchromic effect that was very pronounced in highly polar solvents, such as water, with the increase in temperature. Finally, IMQ solubility values measured in acetone cannot be considered reliable due to the reaction with the solvent, leading to the formation of new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Sorgi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Saveria Germani
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Rosita Nicolella Gentile
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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3
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Glieca S, Quarta E, Bottari B, Bancalari E, Monica S, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Flammini L, Bertoni S, Bianchera A, Fainardi V, Esposito S, Pisi G, Bettini R, Sonvico F, Buttini F. Development of inhalation powders containing lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107001. [PMID: 37839715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the project was to develop and characterise powders containing a probiotic (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum [Lpb. plantarum], Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, or Lactobacillus acidophilus) to be administered to the lung for the containment of pathogen growth in patients with lung infections. METHODS The optimised spray drying process for the powder manufacturing was able to preserve viability of the bacteria, which decreased of only one log unit and was maintained up to 30 days. RESULTS Probiotic powders showed a high respirability (42%-50% of particles had a size < 5 µm) suitable for lung deposition and were proven safe on A549 and Calu-3 cells up to a concentration of 107 colony-forming units/mL. The Lpb. plantarum adhesion to both cell lines tested was at least 10%. Surprisingly, Lpb. plantarum powder was bactericidal at a concentration of 106 colony-forming units/mL on P. aeruginosa, whereas the other two strains were bacteriostatic. CONCLUSION This work represents a promising starting point to consider a probiotic inhalation powder a value in keeping the growth of pathogenic microflora in check during the antibiotic inhalation therapy suspension in cystic fibrosis treatment regimen. This approach could also be advantageous for interfering competitively with pathogenic bacteria and promoting the restoration of the healthy microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eride Quarta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Saverio Monica
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Fainardi
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Paediatric Clinic, Az. Ospedaliera, Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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4
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Bianchera A, Vilardo V, Giaccari R, Michielon A, Bazzoli G, Buttini F, Aiello M, Chetta A, Bruno S, Bettini R. Nebulizers effectiveness on pulmonary delivery of alpha-1 antitrypsin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2653-2663. [PMID: 37097606 PMCID: PMC10468431 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The nebulization of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) for its administration to the lung could be an interesting alternative to parenteral infusion for patients suffering from AAT genetic deficiency (AATD). In the case of protein therapeutics, the effect of the nebulization mode and rate on protein conformation and activity must be carefully considered. In this paper two types of nebulizers, i.e., a jet and a mesh vibrating system, were used to nebulize a commercial preparation of AAT for infusion and compared. The aerosolization performance, in terms of mass distribution, respirable fraction, and drug delivery efficiency, as well as the activity and aggregation state of AAT upon in vitro nebulization were investigated. The two nebulizers demonstrated equivalent aerosolization performances, but the mesh nebulizer provided a higher efficiency in the delivery of the dose. The activity of the protein was acceptably preserved by both nebulizers and no aggregation or changes in its conformation were identified. This suggests that nebulization of AAT represents a suitable administration strategy ready to be translated to the clinical practice for delivering the protein directly to the lungs in AATD patients, either as a support therapy to parenteral administration or for subjects with a precocious diagnosis, to prevent the onset of pulmonary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze Building 33, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Vilardo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Giaccari
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Michielon
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bazzoli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze Building 33, Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze Building 33, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27/a, Parma, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze Building 33, Parma, Italy.
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Delledonne A, Guazzelli E, Pescina S, Bianchera A, Galli G, Martinelli E, Sissa C. Amphiphilic Fluorinated Unimer Micelles as Nanocarriers of Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:15551-15562. [PMID: 37706068 PMCID: PMC10496108 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The unique self-assembly properties of unimer micelles are exploited for the preparation of fluorescent nanocarriers embedding hydrophobic fluorophores. Unimer micelles are constituted by a (meth)acrylate copolymer with oligoethyleneglycol and perflurohexylethyl side chains (PEGMA90-co-FA10) in which the hydrophilic and hydrophobic comonomers are statistically distributed along the polymeric backbone. Thanks to hydrophobic interactions in water, the amphiphilic copolymer forms small nanoparticles (<10 nm), with tunable properties and functionality. An easy procedure for the encapsulation of a small hydrophobic molecule (C153 fluorophore) within unimer micelles is presented. UV-vis, fluorescence, and fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopic experimental data demonstrate that the fluorophore is effectively embedded in the nanocarriers. Moreover, the nanocarrier positively contributes to preserve the good emissive properties of the fluorophore in water. The efficacy of the dye-loaded nanocarrier as a fluorescent probe is tested in two-photon imaging of thick ex vivo porcine scleral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Delledonne
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes
Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- ADDRes
Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centro
per la Integrazione Della Strumentazione Dell’Università
di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno
Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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6
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Marchesani F, Michielon A, Viale E, Bianchera A, Cavazzini D, Pollegioni L, Murtas G, Mozzarelli A, Bettati S, Peracchi A, Campanini B, Bruno S. Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Pathogenetic Variants in Serine Deficiency Disorders: A Functional Characterization. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1219. [PMID: 37627284 PMCID: PMC10452355 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the phosphorylated pathway (PP) converts the glycolytic intermediate D-3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) into L-serine through the enzymes 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) and phosphoserine phosphatase. From the pathogenic point of view, the PP in the brain is particularly relevant, as genetic defects of any of the three enzymes are associated with a group of neurometabolic disorders known as serine deficiency disorders (SDDs). We recombinantly expressed and characterized eight variants of PSAT associated with SDDs and two non-SDD associated variants. We show that the pathogenetic mechanisms in SDDs are extremely diverse, including low affinity of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and thermal instability for S179L and G79W PSAT, loss of activity of the holo form for R342W PSAT, aggregation for D100A PSAT, increased Km for one of the substrates with invariant kcats for S43R PSAT, and a combination of increased Km and decreased kcat for C245R PSAT. Finally, we show that the flux through the in vitro reconstructed PP at physiological concentrations of substrates and enzymes is extremely sensitive to alterations of the functional properties of PSAT variants, confirming PSAT dysfunctions as a cause of SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry/Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- The Protein Factory 2.0, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulia Murtas
- The Protein Factory 2.0, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bettati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Peracchi
- Department of Chemistry/Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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7
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D'Angelo D, Quarta E, Glieca S, Varacca G, Flammini L, Bertoni S, Brandolini M, Sambri V, Grumiro L, Gatti G, Dirani G, Taddei F, Bianchera A, Sonvico F, Bettini R, Buttini F. An Enhanced Dissolving Cyclosporin-A Inhalable Powder Efficiently Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031023. [PMID: 36986883 PMCID: PMC10055879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work illustrates the development of a dry inhalation powder of cyclosporine-A for the prevention of rejection after lung transplantation and for the treatment of COVID-19. The influence of excipients on the spray-dried powder's critical quality attributes was explored. The best-performing powder in terms of dissolution time and respirability was obtained starting from a concentration of ethanol of 45% (v/v) in the feedstock solution and 20% (w/w) of mannitol. This powder showed a faster dissolution profile (Weibull dissolution time of 59.5 min) than the poorly soluble raw material (169.0 min). The powder exhibited a fine particle fraction of 66.5% and an MMAD of 2.97 µm. The inhalable powder, when tested on A549 and THP-1, did not show cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 10 µg/mL. Furthermore, the CsA inhalation powder showed efficiency in reducing IL-6 when tested on A549/THP-1 co-culture. A reduction in the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero E6 cells was observed when the CsA powder was tested adopting the post-infection or simultaneous treatment. This formulation could represent a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of lung rejection, but is also a viable approach for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and the COVID-19 pulmonary inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide D'Angelo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eride Quarta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Glieca
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giada Varacca
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gatti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Dirani
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Taddei
- Microbiology Unit, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Piazza della Liberazione 60, Pievesestina, 47522 Cesena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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8
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Canelli E, Ferrari L, Borghetti P, Candela F, Abiakam NS, Bianchera A, Buttini F, Magi GE, Sonvico F, Martelli P, Bettini R. Nano-adjuvanted dry powder vaccine for the mucosal immunization against airways pathogens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1116722. [PMID: 36998637 PMCID: PMC10043307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal vaccination has been shown to provide optimal protection against respiratory pathogens. However, mucosal vaccination requires the implementation of specific immunization strategies to improve its effectiveness. Nanotechnology appears a key approach to improve the effectiveness of mucosal vaccines, since several nanomaterials provide mucoadhesion, enhance mucosal permeability, control antigen release and possess adjuvant properties. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the main causative agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs, a respiratory disease responsible for considerable economic losses in the pig farming worldwide. The present work developed, characterized, and tested in vivo an innovative dry powder nasal vaccine, obtained from the deposition on a solid carrier of an inactivated antigen and a chitosan-coated nanoemulsion, as an adjuvant. The nanoemulsion was obtained through a low-energy emulsification technique, a method that allowed to achieve nano droplets in the order of 200 nm. The oil phase selected was alpha-tocopherol, sunflower oil, and poly(ethylene glycol) hydroxystearate used as non-ionic tensioactive. The aqueous phase contained chitosan, which provides a positive charge to the emulsion, conferring mucoadhesive properties and favoring interactions with inactivated M. hyopneumoniae. Finally, the nanoemulsion was layered with a mild and scalable process onto a suitable solid carrier (i.e., lactose, mannitol, or calcium carbonate) to be transformed into a solid dosage form for administration as dry powder. In the experimental study, the nasal vaccine formulation with calcium carbonate was administered to piglets and compared to intramuscular administration of a commercial vaccine and of the dry powder without antigen, aimed at evaluating the ability of IN vaccination to elicit an in vivo local immune response and a systemic immune response. Intranasal vaccination was characterized by a significantly higher immune response in the nasal mucosa at 7 days post-vaccination, elicited comparable levels of Mycoplasma-specific IFN-γ secreting cells and comparable, if not higher, responsiveness of B cells expressing IgA and IgG in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with those detected upon a conventional intramuscular immunization. In conclusion, this study illustrates a simple and effective strategy for the development of a dry powder vaccine formulation for nasal administration which could be used as alternative to current parenteral commercial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Candela
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nkemjika Sopuru Abiakam
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabio Sonvico
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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9
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Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Remaggi G, Ossiprandi MC, Bettini R, Elviri L. 3D Printed Chitosan/Alginate Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Silver Sulfadiazine in Wound Healing Applications: Design, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:137. [PMID: 36677198 PMCID: PMC9866939 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for personalized medicine requires innovation in drug manufacturing to combine versatility with automation. Here, three-dimensional (3D) printing was explored for the production of chitosan (CH)/alginate (ALG)-based hydrogels intended as active dressings for wound healing. ALG hydrogels were loaded with 0.75% w/v silver sulfadiazine (SSD), selected as a drug model commonly used for the therapeutic treatment of infected burn wounds, and four different 3D CH/ALG architectures were designed to modulate the release of this active compound. CH/ALG constructs were characterized by their water content, elasticity and porosity. ALG hydrogels (Young's modulus 0.582 ± 0.019 Mpa) were statistically different in terms of elasticity compared to CH (Young's modulus 0.365 ± 0.015 Mpa) but very similar in terms of swelling properties (water content in ALG: 93.18 ± 0.88% and in CH: 92.76 ± 1.17%). In vitro SSD release tests were performed by using vertical diffusion Franz cells, and statistically significant different behaviors in terms of the amount and kinetics of drugs released were observed as a function of the construct. Moreover, strong antimicrobial potency (100% of growth inhibition) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was demonstrated depending on the type of construct, offering a proof of concept that 3D printing techniques could be efficiently applied to the production of hydrogels for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Remaggi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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10
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Mena P, Mignogna C, Tosi N, Monica E, Agulló V, Rosi A, Narduzzi L, Spigoni V, Aldigeri R, Bianchera A, Bresciani L, Balestreri E, Eletto E, Frigeri G, Musa R, Cerati P, Aloe R, Martorana D, Gil-Izquierdo A, Minihane AM, Scazzina F, Bettini R, Brighenti F, Ventura M, Acharjee A, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna R, Del Rio D. Development of an Oral (Poly)Phenol Challenge Test (Opct) to Identify Aggregate Metabotypes for Dietary (Poly)Phenols and Their Drivers: A Study Protocol. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193476 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac072.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Evidence shows that bioactive (poly)phenols are pivotal in the prevention of chronic diseases, in particular in cardiometabolic health. However, the inter-individual variability existing in their bioavailability and physiological response can impact their true efficacy. Individuals showing similar metabolic profiles for specific (poly)phenols can be clustered into phenolic metabotypes, while comprehensive phenolic metabolic profiles derived from main dietary (poly)phenols could be referred to as “aggregate phenolic metabotypes”. The main aim of the study is to identify aggregate phenolic metabotypes and the determinants related to their formation.
Methods
An intervention study is carried out on 300 healthy volunteers (18–74 y) which are asked to provide information on dietary habits, smoking, physical activity, sleeping, anthropometric measures, health status, and biological samples. Subjects undergo a standardised oral (poly)phenol challenge test consisting in an acute supplementation of several classes of dietary (poly)phenols. Urine samples collected during the following 24h are analysed through UPLC-IMS-HRMS to assess the individual urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites, allowing aggregate metabotype clustering. Blood samples are analysed to determine common cardiometabolic health biomarkers, and buffy coat processed to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) used for whole-genome genotyping. Transcriptomic signatures in PBMCs are also assessed. Gut microbiota composition will be profiled by shallow shotgun metagenomics. Cardiometabolic risk scores are also computed. Predictive models will be used to assess the determinants of inter-individual variation in (poly)phenol metabolism, providing indications in the cardiometabolic health status of each individual.
Results
Preliminary results are expected to be available for mid-2023.
Conclusions
Metabotyping according to the metabolism of the whole set of dietary (poly)phenols may thus represent a promising attempt for cardiometabolic health promotion through personalised nutrition initiatives.
Funding Sources
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
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11
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Villetti MA, Clementino AR, Dotti I, Ebani PR, Quarta E, Buttini F, Sonvico F, Bianchera A, Borsali R. Design and Characterization of Maltoheptaose- b-Polystyrene Nanoparticles, as a Potential New Nanocarrier for Oral Delivery of Tamoxifen. Molecules 2021; 26:6507. [PMID: 34770918 PMCID: PMC8587208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen citrate (TMC), a non-steroidal antiestrogen drug used for the treatment of breast cancer, was loaded in a block copolymer of maltoheptaose-b-polystyrene (MH-b-PS) nanoparticles, a potential drug delivery system to optimize oral chemotherapy. The nanoparticles were obtained from self-assembly of MH-b-PS using the standard and reverse nanoprecipitation methods. The MH-b-PS@TMC nanoparticles were characterized by their physicochemical properties, morphology, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetic profile in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). Finally, their cytotoxicity towards the human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line was assessed. The standard nanoprecipitation method proved to be more efficient than reverse nanoprecipitation to produce nanoparticles with small size and narrow particle size distribution. Moreover, tamoxifen-loaded nanoparticles displayed spherical morphology, a positive zeta potential and high drug content (238.6 ± 6.8 µg mL-1) and encapsulation efficiency (80.9 ± 0.4 %). In vitro drug release kinetics showed a burst release at early time points, followed by a sustained release profile controlled by diffusion. MH-b-PS@TMC nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells than free tamoxifen citrate, confirming their effectiveness as a delivery system for administration of lipophilic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Antonio Villetti
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Polímeros (Lepol), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.A.V.); (P.R.E.)
| | | | - Ilaria Dotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (I.D.); (E.Q.)
| | - Patricia Regina Ebani
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Polímeros (Lepol), Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.A.V.); (P.R.E.)
| | - Eride Quarta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (I.D.); (E.Q.)
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.C.); (F.B.); (F.S.)
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (I.D.); (E.Q.)
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.C.); (F.B.); (F.S.)
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (I.D.); (E.Q.)
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.C.); (F.B.); (F.S.)
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (I.D.); (E.Q.)
| | - Redouane Borsali
- Department of Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
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12
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Camara CI, Bertocchi L, Ricci C, Bassi R, Bianchera A, Cantu’ L, Bettini R, Del Favero E. Hyaluronic Acid-Dexamethasone Nanoparticles for Local Adjunct Therapy of Lung Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10480. [PMID: 34638821 PMCID: PMC8509068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of a dexamethasone formulation directly into the lung appears as an appropriate strategy to strengthen the systemic administration, reducing the dosage in the treatment of lung severe inflammations. For this purpose, a hyaluronic acid-dexamethasone formulation was developed, affording an inhalable reconstituted nanosuspension suitable to be aerosolized. The physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the formulation were tested: size, stability, loading of the spray-dried dry powder, reconstitution capability upon redispersion in aqueous media. Detailed structural insights on nanoparticles after reconstitution were obtained by light and X-ray scattering techniques. (1) The size of the nanoparticles, around 200 nm, is in the proper range for a possible engulfment by macrophages. (2) Their structure is of the core-shell type, hosting dexamethasone nanocrystals inside and carrying hyaluronic acid chains on the surface. This specific structure allows for nanosuspension stability and provides nanoparticles with muco-inert properties. (3) The nanosuspension can be efficiently aerosolized, allowing for a high drug fraction potentially reaching the deep lung. Thus, this formulation represents a promising tool for the lung administration via nebulization directly in the pipe of ventilators, to be used as such or as adjunct therapy for severe lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Ines Camara
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (C.I.C.); (C.R.); (R.B.); (L.C.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Laura Bertocchi
- Department of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (C.I.C.); (C.R.); (R.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (C.I.C.); (C.R.); (R.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Laura Cantu’
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (C.I.C.); (C.R.); (R.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (C.I.C.); (C.R.); (R.B.); (L.C.)
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13
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De Angelis E, Saleri R, Martelli P, Elviri L, Bianchera A, Bergonzi C, Pirola M, Romeo R, Andrani M, Cavalli V, Conti V, Bettini R, Passeri B, Ravanetti F, Borghetti P. Cultured Horse Articular Chondrocytes in 3D-Printed Chitosan Scaffold With Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet Lysate. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:671776. [PMID: 34322533 PMCID: PMC8311290 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.671776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained popularity in tissue engineering and in the field of cartilage regeneration. This is due to its potential to generate scaffolds with spatial variation of cell distribution or mechanical properties, built with a variety of materials that can mimic complex tissue architecture. In the present study, horse articular chondrocytes were cultured for 2 and 4 weeks in 3D-printed chitosan (CH)-based scaffolds prepared with or without hyaluronic acid and in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or platelet lysate (PL). These 3D culture systems were analyzed in terms of their capability to maintain chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. This was achieved by evaluating cell morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene expression of relevant cartilage markers (collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9), and specific markers of dedifferentiated phenotype (collagen type I, Runx2). The morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular results demonstrated that the 3D CH scaffold is sufficiently porous to be colonized by primary chondrocytes. Thereby, it provides an optimal environment for the colonization and synthetic activity of chondrocytes during a long culture period where a higher rate of dedifferentiation can be generally observed. Enrichment with hyaluronic acid provides an optimal microenvironment for a more stable maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype. The use of 3D CH scaffolds causes a further increase in the gene expression of most relevant ECM components when PL is added as a substitute for FBS in the medium. This indicates that the latter system enables a better maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype, thereby highlighting a fair balance between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Pirola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Romeo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Virna Conti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Pereira RR, Gomes ATA, Testi M, Bianchera A, Ribeiro-Costa RM, Padula C, Silva Júnior JOC, Sonvico F. Ucuùba Fat Characterization and Use to Obtain Lipid Nanoparticles by High‐Pressure Homogenization with Full Factorial Design. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne R. Pereira
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory R&D Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Antonio T. A. Gomes
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotecnology Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Matteo Testi
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
- University of Parma Biopharmanet–TEC Interdepartmental Center for the Development of Health Products Pad. 33, Science and Technology Campus 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Roseane M. Ribeiro-Costa
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotecnology Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Cristina Padula
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - José O. C. Silva Júnior
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory R&D Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
- University of Parma Biopharmanet–TEC Interdepartmental Center for the Development of Health Products Pad. 33, Science and Technology Campus 43124 Parma Italy
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15
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Bianchera A, Alomari E, Bruno S. Augmentation therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin: present and future of production, formulation, and delivery. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:385-410. [PMID: 34036902 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210525161942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1-antitrypsin is one of the first protein therapeutics introduced on the market - more than 30 years ago - and, to date, it is indicated only for the treatment of the severe forms of a genetic condition known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The only approved preparations are derived from plasma, posing potential problems associated with its limited supply and high processing costs. Moreover, augmentation therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin is still limited to intravenous infusions, a cumbersome regimen for patients. Here, we review the recent literature on its possible future developments, focusing on i) the recombinant alternatives to the plasma-derived protein, ii) novel formulations, and iii) novel administration routes. Regulatory issues and the still unclear noncanonical functions of alpha 1-antitrypsin - possibly associated with the glycosylation pattern found only in the plasma-derived protein - have hindered the introduction of new products. However, potentially new therapeutic indications other than the treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency might open the way to new sources and new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Esraa Alomari
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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González-Fernández FM, Bianchera A, Gasco P, Nicoli S, Pescina S. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Ophthalmic Administration: Towards Experimental Design Implementation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040447. [PMID: 33810399 PMCID: PMC8067198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics based on biocompatible lipid matrices allow for enhanced solubility of poorly soluble compounds in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, overcoming the anatomical and physiological barriers present in the eye, which, despite the ease of access, remains strongly protected. Micro-/nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) or nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) combine liquid and/or solid lipids with surfactants, improving drug stability and ocular bioavailability. Current research and development approaches based on try-and-error methodologies are unable to easily fine-tune nanoparticle populations in order to overcome the numerous constraints of ocular administration routes, which is believed to hamper easy approval from regulatory agencies for these systems. The predictable quality and specifications of the product can be achieved through quality-by-design (QbD) implementation in both research and industrial environments, in contrast to the current quality-by-testing (QbT) framework. Mathematical modelling of the expected final nanoparticle characteristics by variation of operator-controllable variables of the process can be achieved through adequate statistical design-of-experiments (DoE) application. This multivariate approach allows for optimisation of drug delivery platforms, reducing research costs and time, while maximising the understanding of the production process. This review aims to highlight the latest efforts in implementing the design of experiments to produce optimised lipid-based nanocarriers intended for ophthalmic administration. A useful background and an overview of the different possible approaches are presented, serving as a starting point to introduce the design of experiments in current nanoparticle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M. González-Fernández
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
- Nanovector S.r.l., Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.M.G.-F.); (S.P.)
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector S.r.l., Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Sara Nicoli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Silvia Pescina
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.G.-F.); (S.P.)
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial resistance is a severe problem for clinical practice due to misuse of antibiotics that promotes the development of surviving strategies by bacteria and fungi. Microbial cells surrounded by a self-produced polymer matrix, defined as biofilms, are inherently more difficult to eradicate. Biofilms endow bacteria with a unique resistance against antibiotics and other anti-microbial agents and play a crucial role in chronic infection. AREAS COVERED Biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance in the lung and wounds. Existing inhaled therapies for treatment of biofilm-associated lung infections. Role of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies to fight resistant microbes and biofilms. EXPERT OPINION The effectiveness of antibiotics has gradually decreased due to the onset of resistance phenomena. The formation of biofilms represents one of the most important steps in the development of resistance to antimicrobial treatment. The most obvious solution for overcoming this criticality would be the discovery of new antibiotics. However, the number of new molecules with antimicrobial activity brought into clinical development has considerably decreased. In the last decades the development of innovative drug delivery systems, in particular those based on nanotechnological platforms, has represented the most effective and economically affordable approach to optimize the use of available antibiotics, improving their effectiveness profile. Abbreviations AZT: Aztreonam; BAT: Biofilm antibiotic tolerance; CF: Cystic Fibrosis; CIP: Ciprofloxacin; CRS: Chronic Rhinosinusitis; DPPG: 1,2-dipalmytoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol; DSPC: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine sodium salt; EPS: extracellular polymeric substance; FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second; GSNO: S-nitroso-glutathione; LAE: lauroyl arginate ethyl; MIC: Minimum inhibitory Concentration; NCFB: Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis; NTM: Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria; NTM-LD: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Lung Disease PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pDMAEMA: poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate);pDMAEMA-co-PAA-co-BMA: poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-co-propylacrylic acid-co-butyl methacrylate; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PEGDMA: polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate;PCL: Poly-ε-caprolactone; PLA: poly-lactic acid; PLGA: poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid; PVA: poli-vinyl alcohol; SA: Staphylococcus aureus; TIP: Tobramycin Inhalation Powder; TIS: Tobramycin Inhalation Solution; TPP: Tripolyphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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18
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Bianchera A, Bettini R. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for oral controlled drug delivery: the role of drug-polymer and interpolymer interactions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1345-1359. [PMID: 32602795 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The oral route still represents the most popular way of administering drugs; nowadays oral administration faces new challenges, in particular with regards to the delivery of APIs that are poorly absorbed and sensitive to degradation such as macromolecules and biotechnological drugs. Nanoparticles are promising tools for the efficient delivery of these drugs to the gastrointestinal tract. Areas covered:Approaches and techniques for the formulation of drugs, with particular focus on the preparation of polysaccharide nanoparticles obtained by non-covalent interactions. Expert opinion:Polysaccharide-based nanoparticulate systems offer the opportunity to address some of the issues posed by biotechnological drugs, as well as by small molecules, with problems of stability/intestinal absorption, by exploiting the capability of the polymer to establish non-covalent bonds with functional groups in the chemical structure of the API. This area of research will continue to grow, provided that these drug delivery technologies will efficaciously be translated into systems that can be manufactured on a large scale under GMP conditions. Industrial scale-up represents the biggest obstacle to overcome in view of the transformation of very promising results obtained on lab scale into medicinal products. To do that, an effort toward the simplification of the process and technologies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, Viale Delle Scienze 27/a, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, Viale Delle Scienze 27/a, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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19
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Parisi L, Toffoli A, Bianchi MG, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Elviri L, Macaluso GM. Functional Fibronectin Adsorption on Aptamer-Doped Chitosan Modulates Cell Morphology by Integrin-Mediated Pathway. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12050812. [PMID: 30857264 PMCID: PMC6427328 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A decisive step in cell-biomaterial interaction is represented by the adsorption of proteins at the interface, whose fine control may be useful to trigger proper cell response. To this purpose, we can selectively control protein adsorption on biomaterials by means of aptamers. Aptamers selected to recognize fibronectin dramatically enhance chitosan ability to promote cell proliferation and adhesion, but the underlying biological mechanism remains unknown. We supposed that aptamers contributed to ameliorate the adsorption of fibronectin in an advantageous geometrical conformation for cells, thus regulating their morphology by the proper activation of the integrin-mediated pathway. We investigated this possibility by culturing epithelial cells on chitosan enriched with increasing doses of aptamers in the presence or in the absence of cytoskeleton pharmacological inhibitors. Our results showed that aptamers control cell morphology in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Simultaneously, when the inhibition of actin polymerization was induced, the control of cell morphology was attenuated (p < 0.0001), while no differences were detected when cells contractility was challenged (p > 0.05). Altogether, our data provide evidence that aptamers contribute to control fibronectin adsorption on biomaterials by preserving its conformation and thus function. Furthermore, our work provides a new insight into a new way to accurately tailor material surface bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Toffoli
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Guido M Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Saccani M, Parisi L, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Galli C, Macaluso GM, Bettini R, Elviri L. Surface modification of chitosan films with a fibronectin fragment-DNA aptamer complex to enhance osteoblastic cell activity: A mass spectrometry approach probing evidence on protein behavior. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:336-342. [PMID: 30398689 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Saccani
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma Parco, Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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21
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Bruinsmann FA, Pigana S, Aguirre T, Dadalt Souto G, Garrastazu Pereira G, Bianchera A, Tiozzo Fasiolo L, Colombo G, Marques M, Raffin Pohlmann A, Stanisçuaski Guterres S, Sonvico F. Chitosan-Coated Nanoparticles: Effect of Chitosan Molecular Weight on Nasal Transmucosal Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E86. [PMID: 30781722 PMCID: PMC6409859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain represents a challenge, especially in the therapy of central nervous system malignancies. Simvastatin (SVT), as with other statins, has shown potential anticancer properties that are difficult to exploit in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present work the physico⁻chemical, mucoadhesive, and permeability-enhancing properties of simvastatin-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone nanocapsules coated with chitosan for nose-to-brain administration were investigated. Lipid-core nanocapsules coated with chitosan (LNCchit) of different molecular weight (MW) were prepared by a novel one-pot technique, and characterized for particle size, surface charge, particle number density, morphology, drug encapsulation efficiency, interaction between surface nanocapsules with mucin, drug release, and permeability across two nasal mucosa models. Results show that all formulations presented adequate particle sizes (below 220 nm), positive surface charge, narrow droplet size distribution (PDI < 0.2), and high encapsulation efficiency. Nanocapsules presented controlled drug release and mucoadhesive properties that are dependent on the MW of the coating chitosan. The results of permeation across the RPMI 2650 human nasal cell line evidenced that LNCchit increased the permeation of SVT. In particular, the amount of SVT that permeated after 4 hr for nanocapsules coated with low-MW chitosan, high-MW chitosan, and control SVT was 13.9 ± 0.8 μg, 9.2 ± 1.2 µg, and 1.4 ± 0.2 µg, respectively. These results were confirmed by SVT ex vivo permeation across rabbit nasal mucosa. This study highlighted the suitability of LNCchit as a promising strategy for the administration of simvastatin for a nose-to-brain approach for the therapy of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Aline Bruinsmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stefania Pigana
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Tanira Aguirre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 900500-170, Brazil.
| | - Gabriele Dadalt Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Garrastazu Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Laura Tiozzo Fasiolo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Magno Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-000, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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22
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Alfieri M, Barbaro F, Consolini E, Bassi E, Dallatana D, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Toni R, Elviri L. A targeted mass spectrometry method to screen collagen types I-V in the decellularized 3D extracellular matrix of the adult male rat thyroid. Talanta 2019; 193:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bresciani C, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Buschini A, Marchi L, Cabassi CS, Sabbioni A, Righi F, Mazzoni C, Parmigiani E. Corrigendum to "Long-term liquid storage and reproductive evaluation of an innovative boar semen extender (Formula12 ®) containing anon-reducing disaccharide and an enzymatic agent" [Anim. Reprod. Sci. 180 (2017) 10-16]. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 196:239. [PMID: 30075874 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Marchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Sabbioni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Parmigiani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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24
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Intini C, Elviri L, Cabral J, Mros S, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Flammini L, Govoni P, Barocelli E, Bettini R, McConnell M. 3D-printed chitosan-based scaffolds: An in vitro study of human skin cell growth and an in-vivo wound healing evaluation in experimental diabetes in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:593-602. [PMID: 30143167 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of porous 3D printed chitosan (CH) scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration and their behavior in terms of biocompatibility, cytocompatibility and toxicity toward human fibroblasts (Nhdf) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), are presented and discussed. 3D cell cultures achieved after 20 and 35 days of incubation showed significant in vitro qualitative and quantitative cell growth as measured by neutral red staining and MTT assays and confirmed by scanning electron microphotographs. The best cell growth was obtained after 35 days on 3D scaffolds when the Nhdf and HaCaT cells, seeded together, filled the pores in the scaffolds. An early skin-like layer consisting of a mass of fibroblast and keratinocyte cells growing together was observed. The tests of 3D printed scaffolds in wound healing carried out on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats demonstrate that 3D printed scaffolds improve the quality of the restored tissue with respect to both commercial patch and spontaneous healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Intini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Jaydee Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Govoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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25
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Pescina S, Ostacolo C, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bertamino A, Sonvico F, Padula C, Santi P, Bianchera A, Nicoli S. Cell penetrating peptides in ocular drug delivery: State of the art. J Control Release 2018; 284:84-102. [PMID: 29913221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of effective therapeutics for eye diseases, their treatment is still challenging due to the presence of effective barriers protecting eye tissues. Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), synthetic and natural short amino acid sequences able to cross cellular membrane thanks to a transduction domain, have been proposed as possible enhancing strategies for ophthalmic delivery. In this review, a general description of CPPs classes, design approaches and proposed cellular uptake mechanisms will be provided to the reader as an introduction to ocular CPPs application, together with an overview of the main problems related to ocular administration. The results obtained with CPPs for the treatment of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases will be then introduced, with a focus on non-invasive or minimally invasive administration, shifting from CPPs capability to obtain intracellular delivery to their ability to cross biological barriers. The problems related to in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models used to investigate CPPs mediated ocular delivery will be also addressed together with potential ocular toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pescina
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - I M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - F Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- BiopharmanetTEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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26
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Parisi L, Galli C, Bianchera A, Lagonegro P, Elviri L, Smerieri A, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Bettini R, Macaluso GM. Anti-fibronectin aptamers improve the colonization of chitosan films modified with D-(+) Raffinose by murine osteoblastic cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:136. [PMID: 28762141 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how the enrichment of chitosan films with anti-fibronectin aptamers could enhance scaffold colonization by osteoblasts, by improving their adhesion and accelerating their proliferation. Chitosan discs were enriched with excess of anti-fibronectin aptamer. Aptamer adsorption on chitosan was monitored by measuring aptamer concentration in the supernatant by spectrophotometry, as well as its release, while functionalization was confirmed by labelling aptamers with a DNA intercalating dye. Chitosan samples were then characterized morphologically with atomic force microscopy and physically with contact angle measurement. Chitosan enrichment with fibronectin was then investigated by immunofluorescence and Bradford assay. 2% chitosan discs were then enriched with increasing doses of aptamers and used as culture substrates for MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell growth was monitored by optical microscopy, while cell viability and metabolic activity were assessed by chemiluminescence and by Resazurin Sodium Salt assay. Cell morphology was investigated by cytofluorescence and by scanning electron microscopy. Chitosan films efficiently bound and retained aptamers. Aptamers did not affect the amount of adsorbed fibronectin, but affected osteoblasts behavior. Cell growth was proportional to the amount of aptamer used for the functionalization, as well as aptamers influenced cell morphology and their adhesion to the substrate. Our results demonstrate that the enrichment of chitosan films with aptamers could selectively improve osteoblasts behavior. Furthermore, our results support further investigation of this type of functionalization as a suitable modification to ameliorate the biocompatibility of biomaterial for hard tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Parisi
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - C Galli
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- Dip. Farmacia, University of Parma, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - P Lagonegro
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - L Elviri
- Dip. Farmacia, University of Parma, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Smerieri
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - S Lumetti
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - E Manfredi
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - R Bettini
- Dip. Farmacia, University of Parma, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - G M Macaluso
- Dip. Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- IMEM-CNR National Research Council, Via Università 7, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Elviri L, Foresti R, Bergonzi C, Zimetti F, Marchi C, Bianchera A, Bernini F, Silvestri M, Bettini R. Highly defined 3D printed chitosan scaffolds featuring improved cell growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045009. [PMID: 28699619 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The augmented demand for medical devices devoted to tissue regeneration and possessing a controlled micro-architecture means there is a need for industrial scale-up in the production of hydrogels. A new 3D printing technique was applied to the automation of a freeze-gelation method for the preparation of chitosan scaffolds with controlled porosity. For this aim, a dedicated 3D printer was built in-house: a preliminary effort has been necessary to explore the printing parameter space to optimize the printing results in terms of geometry, tolerances and mechanical properties of the product. Analysed parameters included viscosity of the starting chitosan solution, which was measured with a Brookfield viscometer, and temperature of deposition, which was determined by filming the process with a cryocooled sensor thermal camera. Optimized parameters were applied to the production of scaffolds from solutions of chitosan alone or with the addition of raffinose as a viscosity modifier. Resulting hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphology and porosity. In vitro cell culture studies comparing 3D printed scaffolds with their homologous produced by solution casting evidenced an improvement in biocompatibility deriving from the production technique as well as from the solid state modification of chitosan stemming from the addition of the viscosity modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
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28
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De Angelis E, Ravanetti F, Martelli P, Cacchioli A, Ivanovska A, Corradi A, Nasi S, Bianchera A, Passeri B, Canelli E, Bettini R, Borghetti P. The in vitro biocompatibility of d-(+) raffinose modified chitosan: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems for culturing of horse articular chondrocytes. Res Vet Sci 2017. [PMID: 28647600 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the biocompatibility of chitosan films and scaffolds modified with d-(+)raffinose and their capability to support the growth and maintenance of the differentiation of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Primary equine articular chondrocytes were cultured on films and scaffolds of modified d-(+) raffinose chitosan. Their behavior was compared to that of chondrocytes grown in conventional bi- and three-dimensional culture systems, such as micromasses and alginate beads. Chitosan films maintained the phenotype of differentiated chondrocytes (typical round morphology) and sustained the synthesis of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), even at 4weeks of culture. Indeed, starting from 2weeks of culture, chondrocytes seeded on chitosan scaffolds were able to penetrate the surface pores and to colonize the internal matrix. Moreover they produced ECM expressing the genes of typical chondrocytes differentiation markers such as collagen II and aggrecan. In conclusion, chitosan modified with d-raffinose represents an ideal support for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation and for the maintenance of cellular phenotypic and genotypic differentiation. This novel biomaterial could potentially be a reliable support for the re-differentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ana Ivanovska
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Nasi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elena Canelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
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29
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Elviri L, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Bettini R. Mapping insulin non-covalent interactions with natural polysaccharides by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:2323-2330. [PMID: 27495851 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug development efforts involving therapeutic peptides or proteins strongly lead optimization of drug delivery, drug stability, solubility and functionality. The key feature of controlled drug delivery is the use of biocompatible polymers able to interact via non-covalent bonds with an active principle through multiple functional groups. Here amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry was employed to localize insulin dynamics induced by interactions with three natural polysaccharides, i.e. chitosan (CH), sodium alginate (ALG) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). METHODS LTQ-Orbitap continuous-labelling mass spectra were collected by diluting insulin stock solution (10 mM in 0.1% formic acid) to a final concentration of 0.1 mM in D2 O containing 1 mM deuterated ammonium acetate (final pH .6) (insulin:polysaccharide ratio 1:2, w/w). For peptide mapping, deuterated samples were quenched after 0.5, 30, 60, 120 minutes exchange by adding HCl (pH ) and digested with pepsin before LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS Differences in the insulin backbone dynamics in the presence of the three polysaccharides were highlighted by monitoring peptic peptides at different time points. No significant differences were observed in the presence of CH, whereas the negatively charged ALG and CS were able to induce significant conformational variations at the B-chain level resulting in more protection against H/D exchange. The A-chain interacted only with CS reducing the protein mobility on a long time scale (120 min). HDX data evidenced heterogeneous insulin dynamics in the presence of ALG and CS. CONCLUSIONS The studies reported here demonstrated the capabilities of mass spectrometry techniques and HDX methods to obtain useful information toward the flexibility and the behavior of native insulin in the presence of natural polysaccharides, and could provide insights to study the behavior of pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main target of tissue engineering is the preparation and application of adequate materials for the design and production of scaffolds, that possess properties promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The use of natural polysaccharides, such as chitosan, to prepare hydrogels for wound healing and controlled drug delivery is a research topic of wide and increasing interest. Areas covered: This review presents the latest results and challenges in the preparation of chitosan and chitosan-based scaffold/hydrogel for wound healing applications. A detailed overview of their behavior in terms of controlled drug delivery, divided by drug categories, and efficacy was provided and critically discussed. Expert opinion: The need to establish and exploit the advantages of natural biomaterials in combination with active compounds is playing a pivotal role in the regenerative medicine fields. The challenges posed by the many variables affecting tissue repair and regeneration need to be standardized and adhere to recognized guidelines to improve the quality of evidence in the wound healing process. Currently, different methodologies are followed to prepare innovative scaffold formulations and structures. Innovative technologies such as 3D printing or bio-electrospray are promising to create chitosan-based scaffolds with finely controlled structures with customizable shape porosity and thickness. Chitosan scaffolds could be designed in combination with a variety of polysaccharides or active compounds with selected and reproducible spacial distribution, providing active wound dressing with highly tunable controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- b Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- b Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
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Bresciani C, Bianchera A, Mazzanti PM, Bertocchi M, Bettini R, De Cesaris V, Bigliardi E, Di Ianni F, Sabbioni A, Parmigiani E. Evaluation of effectiveness of an innovative semen extender (Formula®) comparing with a traditional extender (Lepus®) for artificial insemination in rabbits does. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1221747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Elviri L, Foresti R, Bianchera A, Silvestri M, Bettini R. 3D-printed polylactic acid supports for enhanced ionization efficiency in desorption electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of liquid and gel samples. Talanta 2016; 155:321-8. [PMID: 27216689 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential of 3D printing technology was here exploited to prepare tailored polylactic acid (PLA) supports for desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) experiments. PLA rough solid supports presenting wells of different shape (i.e. cylindrical, cubic and hemispherical cavities) were designed to accommodate samples of different physical state. The potentials of such supports in terms of sample loading capacity, sensitivity, signal stability were tested by analysing a peptide (i.e. insulin) and an aminoglycoside antibiotic (i.e. gentamicin sulphate) from solution and a chitosan-based gel. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by using a traditional polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) support and discussed. By using PLA support on the flat side, signal intensity improved almost twice with respect to PTFE support, whereas with spherical wells a five times improved signal sensitivity and good stability (RSD<6%) were obtained for the analysis of two model molecules. Limits of detection were in the 3-10nM range and linearity was demonstrated for both analytes in the 0.05-0.5μM range for semi-quantitative or quantitative purposes. The use of a well and the set-up of optimal source parameters allowed the analysis of samples in a gel state with good precision (RSD<10%) and accuracy (86±6-102±9%), otherwise difficult to analyse on a flat smooth surface. These findings are of great interest and stimulus to exploit the advantages of 3D printing technology for the development of devices for a DESI source, presenting different shapes or configuration as a function of the sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ruben Foresti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, V.le delle Scienze 181/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Interdepartmental Centre Biophamanet Tec, University of Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Silvestri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, V.le delle Scienze 181/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Galli C, Parisi L, Elviri L, Bianchera A, Smerieri A, Lagonegro P, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Bettini R, Macaluso GM. Chitosan scaffold modified with D-(+) raffinose and enriched with thiol-modified gelatin for improved osteoblast adhesion. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:015004. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bianchera A, Salomi E, Pezzanera M, Ruwet E, Bettini R, Elviri L. Chitosan hydrogels for chondroitin sulphate controlled release: an analytical characterization. J Anal Methods Chem 2014; 2014:808703. [PMID: 25614850 PMCID: PMC4295592 DOI: 10.1155/2014/808703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an analytical characterization of chitosan scaffolds obtained by freeze-gelation toward the uptake and the controlled release of chondroitin sulphate (CS), as cartilage repair agent, under different pH conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and liquid chromatography-UV spectrophotometry (LC-UV) techniques were exploited to obtain qualitative and quantitative descriptions of polymer and drug behaviour in the biomaterial. As for morphology, SEM analysis allowed the evaluation of scaffold porosity in terms of pore size and distribution both at the surface (Feret diameter 58 ± 19 μm) and on the cross section (Feret diameter 106 ± 51 μm). LC and ATR-FTIR evidenced a pH-dependent CS loading and release behaviour, strongly highlighting the role of electrostatic forces on chitosan/chondroitin sulphate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Salomi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Pezzanera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Ruwet
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- *Lisa Elviri:
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Vigliano M, Bianchera A, Bettini R, Elviri L. Determination of Hyaluronic Acid in a Chitosan-Based Formulation by RP C18 and HILIC LC–ESI-MS: an Evaluation of Matrix Effect. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Martino V, Bianchera A, Reia L, Bussolati O, Fazzina R, Marino F, Montemurro L, Tonelli R, Pession A, Gazzola GC, Sala R. Down-regulation of HOXA4, HOXA7, HOXA10, HOXA11 and MEIS1 during monocyte-macrophage differentiation in THP-1 cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 2:241-4. [PMID: 21475819 DOI: 10.3892/mmr_00000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23) generates the MLL-AF9 oncogene and is commonly associated with monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M5; FAB-classification). For the oncogenicity of MLL-AF9, the (over)expression of several other genes, including selected HOXA cluster genes as well as MEIS1 (a HOX cofactor), is required. We previously showed that the down-regulation of MLL-AF9 expression is not obligatory for monocyte-macrophage maturation in AML-M5 cells carrying t(9;11)(p22;q23). In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of HOXA4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11 (defined as 'HOXA-code' genes) and MEIS1 by semiquantitative RT-PCR during the monocyte-macrophage differentiation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in THP-1 cells carrying t(9;11)(p22;q23) and expressing MLL-AF9. The analyses were performed in THP-1 cells expressing MLL-AF9 even after PMA treatment. The results showed that all the analyzed genes were expressed in untreated THP-1 cells. After the induction of differentiation, we observed a down-regulation of HOXA4, 7, 10, 11 and MEIS1, an up-regulation of HOXA6, and no significant variation in the expression of HOXA5 and 9. These data indicate that the expression of most HOXA-code genes, as well as MEIS1, could be implicated in the differentiation blockage observed in MLL-AF9-related leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Martino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy
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