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Soheilmoghaddam F, Hezaveh H, Rumble M, Cooper-White JJ. Driving Osteocytogenesis from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteon-like Biomimetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39044386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of critical-sized bone defects caused by tumor removal, skeletal injuries, or infections continues to pose a major clinical challenge. A popular potential alternative solution to autologous bone grafts is a tissue-engineered approach that utilizes the combination of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with synthetic biomaterial scaffolds. This approach aims to support new bone formation by mimicking many of the biochemical and biophysical cues present within native bone. Regrettably, osteocyte cells, crucial for bone maturation and homeostasis, are rarely produced within MSC-seeded scaffolds, thereby restricting the development of fully mature cortical bone from these synthetic implants. In this work, we have constructed a multimodal scaffold by combining electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibrous scaffolds with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels that mimic the functional unit of cortical bone, osteon (osteon-mimetic) scaffolds. These scaffolds were decorated with a novel bone morphogenic protein-6 (BMP6) peptide (BMP6p) after our findings revealed that the BMP6p drives higher levels of Smad signaling than the full-length protein counterpart, soluble or when bound to the PEG hydrogel backbone. We show that our osteon-mimetic scaffolds, in presenting concentric layers of BMP6p-PEG hydrogel overlaid on MSC-seeded PLGA nanofibers, promoted the rapid formation of osteocyte-like cells with a phenotypic dendritic morphology, producing early osteocyte markers, including E11/gp38 (E11). Maturation of these osteocyte-like cells was further confirmed by the observation of significant dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) throughout our bilayered scaffolds after 3 weeks, even when cultured in a medium without dexamethasone (DEX) or any other osteogenic supplements. These results demonstrate that these osteon-mimetic scaffolds, in presenting biochemical and topographical cues reminiscent of the forming osteon, can drive the formation of osteocyte-like cells in vitro from hBMSCs without the need for any osteogenic factor media supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hadi Hezaveh
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Xu Z, Wang B, Huang R, Guo M, Han D, Yin L, Zhang X, Huang Y, Li X. Efforts to promote osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling for bone tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2801-2830. [PMID: 38683241 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02017g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Repair of bone defects exceeding a critical size has been always a big challenge in clinical practice. Tissue engineering has exhibited great potential to effectively repair the defects with less adverse effect than traditional bone grafts, during which how to induce vascularized bone formation has been recognized as a critical issue. Therefore, recently many studies have been launched to attempt to promote osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. This review summarized comprehensively and explored in depth current efforts to ameliorate the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis from four aspects, namely the optimization of scaffold components, modification of scaffold structures, loading strategies for bioactive substances, and employment tricks for appropriate cells. Especially, the advantages and the possible reasons for every strategy, as well as the challenges, were elaborated. Furthermore, some promising research directions were proposed based on an in-depth analysis of the current research. This paper will hopefully spark new ideas and approaches for more efficiently boosting new vascularized bone formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Di Han
- College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Lan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Szewczyk PK, Berniak K, Knapczyk-Korczak J, Karbowniczek JE, Marzec MM, Bernasik A, Stachewicz U. Mimicking natural electrical environment with cellulose acetate scaffolds enhances collagen formation of osteoblasts. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6890-6900. [PMID: 36960764 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The medical field is continuously seeking new solutions and materials, where cellulose materials due to their high biocompatibility have great potential. Here we investigate the applicability of cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun fibers for bone tissue regeneration. For the first time we show the piezoelectric properties of electrospun CA fibers via high voltage switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (HVSS-PFM) tests, which are followed by surface potential studies using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and zeta potential measurements. Piezoelectric coefficient for CA fibers of 6.68 ± 1.70 pmV-1 along with high surface (718 mV) and zeta (-12.2 mV) potentials allowed us to mimic natural electrical environment favoring bone cell attachment and growth. Importantly, the synergy between increased surface potential and highly developed structure of the fibrous scaffold led to the formation of a vast 3D network of collagen produced by osteoblasts only after 7 days of in vitro culture. We clearly show the advantages of CA scaffolds as a bone replacement material, when long-lasting structural support is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Berniak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna E Karbowniczek
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mateusz M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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4
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhang A, Liu L, Mithieux SM, Bilek MMM, Weiss AS. Development of tropoelastin-functionalized anisotropic PCL scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac087. [PMID: 36683733 PMCID: PMC9845519 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) of musculoskeletal tissues, encompassing tendons, ligaments and muscles, is structurally anisotropic, hierarchical and multi-compartmental. These features collectively contribute to their unique function. Previous studies have investigated the effect of tissue-engineered scaffold anisotropy on cell morphology and organization for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration, but the hierarchical arrangement of ECM and compartmentalization are not typically replicated. Here, we present a method for multi-compartmental scaffold design that allows for physical mimicry of the spatial architecture of musculoskeletal tissue in regenerative medicine. This design is based on an ECM-inspired macromolecule scaffold. Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated with aligned fibers by electrospinning and mechanical stretching, and then surface-functionalized with the cell-supporting ECM protein molecule, tropoelastin (TE). TE was attached using two alternative methods that allowed for either physisorption or covalent attachment, where the latter was achieved by plasma ion immersion implantation (PIII). Aligned fibers stimulated cell elongation and improved cell alignment, in contrast to randomly oriented fibers. TE coatings bound by physisorption or covalently following 200 s PIII treatment promoted fibroblast proliferation. This represents the first cytocompatibility assessment of novel PIII-treated TE-coated PCL scaffolds. To demonstrate their versatility, these 2D anisotropic PCL scaffolds were assembled into 3D hierarchical constructs with an internally compartmentalized structure to mimic the structure of musculoskeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anyu Zhang
- Applied and Plasma Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Linyang Liu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Mithieux
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela M M Bilek
- Applied and Plasma Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Sun X, Jiao X, Yang X, Ma J, Wang T, Jin W, Li W, Yang H, Mao Y, Gan Y, Zhou X, Li T, Li S, Chen X, Wang J. 3D bioprinting of osteon-mimetic scaffolds with hierarchical microchannels for vascularized bone tissue regeneration. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35417902 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The integration of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffold's structure and function for critical-size bone defect repair is of immense significance. Inspired by the basic component of innate cortical bone tissue--osteons, many studies focus on biomimetic strategy. However, the complexity of hierarchical microchannels in the osteon, the requirement of mechanical strength of bone, and the biological function of angiogenesis and osteogenesis remain challenges in the fabrication of osteon-mimetic scaffolds. Therefore, we successfully built mimetic scaffolds with vertically central medullary canals, peripheral Haversian canals, and transverse Volkmann canals structures simultaneously by 3D bioprinting technology using polycaprolactone and bioink loading with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4). Subsequently, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were seeded into the canals to enhance angiogenesis. The porosity and compressive properties of bioprinted scaffolds could be well controlled by altering the structure and canal numbers of the scaffolds. The osteon-mimetic scaffolds showed satisfactory biocompatibility and promotion of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and prompted the new blood vessels and new bone formation in vivo. In summary, this study proposes a biomimetic strategy for fabricating structured and functionalized 3D bioprinted scaffolds for vascularized bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Xin Jiao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Medicine, Southwest JiaoTong University, No. 111 2nd Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610031, CHINA
| | - Jie Ma
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Tianchang Wang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Han Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, CHINA
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Yaokai Gan
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, CHINA
| | - Tao Li
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, CHINA
| | - Shuai Li
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, CHINA
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200001, CHINA
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Caleffi JT, Aal MCE, Gallindo HDOM, Caxali GH, Crulhas BP, Ribeiro AO, Souza GR, Delella FK. Magnetic 3D cell culture: State of the art and current advances. Life Sci 2021; 286:120028. [PMID: 34627776 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture is an important tool for the understanding of cell biology and behavior. In vitro cultivation has been increasingly indispensable for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology research. Nevertheless, with the demand for in vitro experimentation strategies more representative of in vivo conditions, tridimensional (3D) cell culture models have been successfully developed. Although these 3D models are efficient and address critical questions from different research areas, there are considerable differences between the existing techniques regarding both elaboration and cost. In light of this, this review describes the construction of 3D spheroids using magnetization while bringing the most recent updates in this field. Magnetic 3D cell culture consists of magnetizing cells using an assembly of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles cross-linked with poly-l-lysine nanoparticles. Then, 3D culture formation in special plates with the assistance of magnets for levitation or bioprinting. Here, we discuss magnetic 3D cell culture advancements, including tumor microenvironment, tissue reconstruction, blood vessel engineering, toxicology, cytotoxicity, and 3D culture of cardiomyocytes, bronchial and pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Trindade Caleffi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Carolini Esgoti Aal
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Henrique Caxali
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Oliveira Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glauco R Souza
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu HZ, Su JS. Restoration of critical defects in the rabbit mandible using osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells co-cultured with vascular stent-loaded nano-composite scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104831. [PMID: 34555626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of large bone defect repair with tissue engineering technology depends mainly on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we prepared poly-caprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite/beta-calcium phosphate (PCL/nHA/β-TCP) composite scaffolds loaded with poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/heparin sodium (PLGA/nHA/Col/HS) nanofiber small vascular stent by electrospinning and hot press forming-particle leaching methods. Supramolecular electrostatic self-assembly technology was used to modify the surfaces of small vascular stents to aid in hydrophilicity and anticoagulation. The surfaces of composite scaffolds were modified with an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) short peptide by physical adsorption to supply cell adhesion sites. The scaffolds were then combined with rabbit bone marrow-derived osteoblasts (OBs) and rabbit bone marrow-derived vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) to construct large, biologically active vascularized tissue-engineered bone in vitro; this bone was then used to repair critical bone defects in rabbit mandibles. Mechanical and biocompatibility testing results showed that PCL/nHA/β-TCP composite scaffolds loaded with small vascular stents had good surface structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bone-regeneration induction potential. Twelve weeks after implantation, histological analysis and X-ray scans showed that the use of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells co-cultured with PCL/nHA/β-TCP scaffolds was sufficient to repair critical defects in rabbit mandibles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhen Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sheng Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Pharmaceutical electrospinning and 3D printing scaffold design for bone regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:504-534. [PMID: 33991588 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone regenerative engineering provides a great platform for bone tissue regeneration covering cells, growth factors and other dynamic forces for fabricating scaffolds. Diversified biomaterials and their fabrication methods have emerged for fabricating patient specific bioactive scaffolds with controlled microstructures for bridging complex bone defects. The goal of this review is to summarize the points of scaffold design as well as applications for bone regeneration based on both electrospinning and 3D bioprinting. It first briefly introduces biological characteristics of bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of different types of material and the considerations for bone regeneration including polymers, ceramics, metals and composites. We then discuss electrospinning nanofibrous scaffold applied for the bone regenerative engineering with various properties, components and structures. Meanwhile, diverse design in the 3D bioprinting scaffolds for osteogenesis especially in the role of drug and bioactive factors delivery are assembled. Finally, we discuss challenges and future prospects in the development of electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for osteogenesis and prominent strategies and directions in future.
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Chang B, Liu X. Osteon: Structure, Turnover, and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:261-278. [PMID: 33487116 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is composed of dense and solid cortical bone and honeycomb-like trabecular bone. Although cortical bone provides the majority of mechanical strength for a bone, there are few studies focusing on cortical bone repair or regeneration. Osteons (the Haversian system) form structural and functional units of cortical bone. In recent years, emerging evidences have shown that the osteon structure (including osteocytes, lamellae, lacunocanalicular network, and Haversian canals) plays critical roles in bone mechanics and turnover. Therefore, reconstruction of the osteon structure is crucial for cortical bone regeneration. This article provides a systematic summary of recent advances in osteons, including the structure, function, turnover, and regenerative strategies. First, the hierarchical structure of osteons is illustrated and the critical functions of osteons in bone dynamics are introduced. Next, the modeling and remodeling processes of osteons at a cellular level and the turnover of osteons in response to mechanical loading and aging are emphasized. Furthermore, several bioengineering approaches that were recently developed to recapitulate the osteon structure are highlighted. Impact statement This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in osteons, especially the roles in bone formation, remodeling, and regeneration. Besides introducing the hierarchical structure and critical functions of osteons, we elucidate the modeling and remodeling of osteons at a cellular level. Specifically, we highlight the bioengineering approaches that were recently developed to mimic the hierarchical structure of osteons. We expect that this review will provide informative insights and attract increasing attentions in orthopedic community, shedding light on cortical bone regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Luo J, Zhu J, Wang L, Kang J, Wang X, Xiong J. Co-electrospun nano-/microfibrous composite scaffolds with structural and chemical gradients for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111622. [PMID: 33321664 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in scaffold design for tissue engineering have focused on providing structural, mechanical and chemical cues for guiding cell behaviors. In this study, we presented a structural/compositional gradient nano-/microfibrous mesh by co-electrospinning, using silk fibroin-poly(ε-caprolactone) (SF-PCL) nanofibers and PCL microfibers. The pore size, porosity, and physical property of the gradient meshes were qualified. Cell proliferation of mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells was carried out to estimate the effect of structural and compositional gradients on biocompatibility. Furthermore, the 2-D mesh was rolled up and the compressive property of 3-D cylinder was investigated. The results suggested that the rolled-up gradient cylinder scaffold exhibited higher osteogenic differentiation compared to the pristine nanofibrous cylinder sample. By incorporating Chinese medicine ginsenoside Rg1, sustained release was achieved in composite meshes. Rg1-containing nanofibrous meshes and Rg1 gradient cylinders enhanced the cell proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The developed fibrous scaffold may provide structural, compositional, and chemical gradients for bone regeneration. BRIEFS: Structural and chemical gradient fibrous scaffold fabricated by co-electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Luo
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jing Kang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Hu J, Yin T, Yue T, Liu N, Liu Y. 3D Composite Bioprinting for Fabrication of Artificial Biological Tissues. Int J Bioprint 2020; 7:299. [PMID: 33585709 PMCID: PMC7875057 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i1.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an important technology for fabricating artificial tissue. To effectively reconstruct the multiscale structure and multi-material gradient of natural tissues and organs, 3D bioprinting has been increasingly developed into multi-process composite mode. The current 3D composite bioprinting is a combination of two or more printing processes, and oftentimes, physical field regulation that can regulate filaments or cells during or after printing may be involved. Correspondingly, both path planning strategy and process control all become more complex. Hence, the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system that is traditionally used in 3D printing system is now facing challenges. Thus, the scale information that cannot be modeled in the CAD process should be considered in the design of CAM by adding a process management module in the traditional CAD/CAM system and add more information reflecting component gradient in the path planning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junchao Hu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tianyuan Yin
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Sarigil O, Anil-Inevi M, Firatligil-Yildirir B, Unal YC, Yalcin-Ozuysal O, Mese G, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E. Scaffold-free biofabrication of adipocyte structures with magnetic levitation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1127-1140. [PMID: 33205833 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering research aims to repair the form and/or function of impaired tissues. Tissue engineering studies mostly rely on scaffold-based techniques. However, these techniques have certain challenges, such as the selection of proper scaffold material, including mechanical properties, sterilization, and fabrication processes. As an alternative, we propose a novel scaffold-free adipose tissue biofabrication technique based on magnetic levitation. In this study, a label-free magnetic levitation technique was used to form three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free adipocyte structures with various fabrication strategies in a microcapillary-based setup. Adipogenic-differentiated 7F2 cells and growth D1 ORL UVA stem cells were used as model cells. The morphological properties of the 3D structures of single and cocultured cells were analyzed. The developed procedure leads to the formation of different patterns of single and cocultured adipocytes without a scaffold. Our results indicated that adipocytes formed loose structures while growth cells were tightly packed during 3D culture in the magnetic levitation platform. This system has potential for ex vivo modeling of adipose tissue for drug testing and transplantation applications for cell therapy in soft tissue damage. Also, it will be possible to extend this technique to other cell and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Anil-Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Yagmur Ceren Unal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Soheilmoghaddam M, Padmanabhan H, Cooper-White JJ. Biomimetic cues from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite nano-fibrous scaffolds drive osteogenic commitment in human mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of osteogenic factor supplements. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5677-5689. [PMID: 32915185 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the complex hierarchical architecture of the 'osteon', the functional unit of cortical bone, from the bottom-up offers the possibility of generating mature bone tissue in tissue engineered bone substitutes. In this work, a modular 'bottom-up' approach has been developed to assemble bone niche-mimicking nanocomposite scaffolds composed of aligned electrospun nanofibers of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) encapsulating aligned rod-shape nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nHA). By encoding axial orientation of the nHA within these aligned nanocomposite fibers, significant improvements in mechanical properties, surface roughness, hydrophilicity and in vitro simulated body fluid (SBF) mineral deposition were achieved. Moreover, these hierarchical scaffolds induced robust formation of bone hydroxyapatite and osteoblastic maturation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in growth media that was absent of any soluble osteogenic differentiation factors. The results of this investigation confirm that these tailored, aligned nanocomposite fibers, in the absence of media-bone inductive factors, offer the requisite biophysical and biochemical cues to hBMSCs to promote and support their differentiation into mature osteoblast cells and form early bone-like tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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14
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Exosome-mimetics as an engineered gene-activated matrix induces in-situ vascularized osteogenesis. Biomaterials 2020; 247:119985. [PMID: 32272301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosome has been considered as an instructive supplement between complicated cell therapy and single gene/protein drug treatment in the field of regenerative medicine due to its excellent biocompatibility, efficient cellular internalization and large loading capacity. Nevertheless, one major issue that extremely restricts the potential application as gene/drug vehicles is the low yield of nanoscale exosome. Moreover, the intravenous injection of targeted exosomes may cause the obstruction of blood-rich organs. Thus, herein we fabricated a specific exosome-mimetics (EMs) that could come true mass and fast production exhibited the similar size, morphology and membrane protein markers in comparison with conventional exosomes. To bypass the risk of intravenous injection and improve the efficiency of topical therapy, we simultaneously applied the engineered EMs to design a gene-activated matrix (GAM) that could be locally released by encapsulating the plasmid of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and flexibly binding onto a core-shell nanofiber film. Our findings showed that the well-designed engineered EMs-mediated GAM was able to sustainably deliver VEGF gene and significantly enhance the vascularized osteogenesis in vivo. The current work can not only consolidate the applied foundation of EMs through the breakthrough of high yield, but also provide a local and effective delivery of engineered EMs for the in-situ therapy.
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15
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Evaluation of BMP-2 and VEGF loaded 3D printed hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with enhanced osteogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110893. [PMID: 32409051 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-sized bone defect repair is a challenging task in orthopedic surgery. Porous scaffolds with controlled release of growth factors have been investigated for many years. In this study, a hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was prepared by 3D printing at low temperature and coating with layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were loaded into the composite scaffolds. The release of dual growth factors was analyzed in vitro. The cell growth and osteogenic differentiation were assessed by culturing MC3T3-E1 cells onto the scaffolds. In an established rabbit model of critical-sized calvarial defect (15 mm in diameter), the osteogenic and angiogenic properties after implantation of scaffolds were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and stained sections. Our results showed that the scaffolds possessed well-designed porous structure and could release two growth factors in a sustained way. The micro-CT analysis showed that the scaffolds with BMP-2/VEGF could accelerate new bone formation. Findings of immunochemical staining of collagen type I and lectin indicated that better osteogenic and angiogenic properties induced by BMP-2 and VEGF. These results suggested that the novel composite scaffolds combined with BMP-2/VEGF had both osteogenic and angiogenic abilities which could enhance new bone formation with good quality. Thus, the combination of 3D printed scaffolds loaded with BMP-2/VEGF might provide a potential solution for bone repair and regeneration in clinical applications.
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16
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Zhang M, Lin R, Wang X, Xue J, Deng C, Feng C, Zhuang H, Ma J, Qin C, Wan L, Chang J, Wu C. 3D printing of Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds for multicellular delivery in bone regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6725. [PMID: 32219170 PMCID: PMC7083611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The integration of structure and function for tissue engineering scaffolds is of great importance in mimicking native bone tissue. However, the complexity of hierarchical structures, the requirement for mechanical properties, and the diversity of bone resident cells are the major challenges in constructing biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Herein, a Haversian bone-mimicking scaffold with integrated hierarchical Haversian bone structure was successfully prepared via digital laser processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. The compressive strength and porosity of scaffolds could be well controlled by altering the parameters of the Haversian bone-mimicking structure. The Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds showed great potential for multicellular delivery by inducing osteogenic, angiogenic, and neurogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the ingrowth of blood vessels and new bone formation in vivo. The work offers a new strategy for designing structured and functionalized biomaterials through mimicking native complex bone tissue for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rongcai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cuijun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Beijing Ten Dimensions Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Yin S, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Jiang X. Recent Advances in Scaffold Design and Material for Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801433. [PMID: 30938094 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and angioblasts. Several strategies have been applied to achieve vascularized tissue-engineered bone, including the addition of cytokines as well as pre-vascularization strategies and co-culture systems. However, the scaffold is another extremely important component to consider, and development of vascularized bone scaffolds remains one of the greatest challenges for engineering clinically relevant bone substitutes. Here, this review highlights the biomaterial selection, preparation of pre-vascularized scaffolds, composition modification of the scaffold, structural design, and the comprehensive use of the above synergistic modifications of scaffold materials for vascular scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for the design of future scaffold structures, in which promoting the regeneration of vascularized bone by regulating the microenvironment should be the main focus. This overview can help illuminate progress in this field and identify the most recently developed scaffolds that show the greatest potential for achieving clinically vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
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18
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Tourlomousis F, Jia C, Karydis T, Mershin A, Wang H, Kalyon DM, Chang RC. Machine learning metrology of cell confinement in melt electrowritten three-dimensional biomaterial substrates. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31057942 PMCID: PMC6431680 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuning cell shape by altering the biophysical properties of biomaterial substrates on which cells operate would provide a potential shape-driven pathway to control cell phenotype. However, there is an unexplored dimensional scale window of three-dimensional (3D) substrates with precisely tunable porous microarchitectures and geometrical feature sizes at the cell's operating length scales (10-100 μm). This paper demonstrates the fabrication of such high-fidelity fibrous substrates using a melt electrowriting (MEW) technique. This advanced manufacturing approach is biologically qualified with a metrology framework that models and classifies cell confinement states under various substrate dimensionalities and architectures. Using fibroblasts as a model cell system, the mechanosensing response of adherent cells is investigated as a function of variable substrate dimensionality (2D vs. 3D) and porous microarchitecture (randomly oriented, "non-woven" vs. precision-stacked, "woven"). Single-cell confinement states are modeled using confocal fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with an automated single-cell bioimage data analysis workflow that extracts quantitative metrics of the whole cell and sub-cellular focal adhesion protein features measured. The extracted multidimensional dataset is employed to train a machine learning algorithm to classify cell shape phenotypes. The results show that cells assume distinct confinement states that are enforced by the prescribed substrate dimensionalities and porous microarchitectures with the woven MEW substrates promoting the highest cell shape homogeneity compared to non-woven fibrous substrates. The technology platform established here constitutes a significant step towards the development of integrated additive manufacturing-metrology platforms for a wide range of applications including fundamental mechanobiology studies and 3D bioprinting of tissue constructs to yield specific biological designs qualified at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Tourlomousis
- The Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Chao Jia
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ USA
| | - Thrasyvoulos Karydis
- The Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Andreas Mershin
- The Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ USA
| | - Dilhan M. Kalyon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ USA
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ USA
| | - Robert C. Chang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ USA
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19
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Safikhani MM, Zamanian A, Ghorbani F, Asefnejad A, Shahrezaee M. Bi-layered electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane-gelatin scaffold with targeted heparin release profiles for tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a biotechnology that is used to develop biological substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve functions. Thus, the porous scaffolds are used to accommodate cells in tissue engineering. In this research, three dimensional (3D) bi-layered polyurethane (PU)-gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared by the electrospinning method, after which the capability of the released heparin as an anti-coagulation factor was evaluated. Electrospinning has been extensively investigated for the preparation of fibers that exhibit a high surface area to volume ratio. Results showed that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs exhibited a smooth surface as well as a highly porous and bead-free structure, in which fibers were distributed in the range of 100–600 nm. The modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) decreased and increased, respectively, after crosslinking the reaction of polymers. This process also reduced swelling ratio, the hydrolytic biodegradation rate, and the release rate as a function of time. Moreover, an in vitro assay demonstrated that 3D nanofibrous scaffolds supported L929 fibroblast cell viability and that cells adhered and spread on the fibers. Based on the obtained results, the heparin-loaded electrospinning nanofibrous scaffolds have initial physicochemical and mechanical properties to protect neo-tissue formation.
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20
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Yahata S, Furusawa K, Nagao K, Nakajima M, Fukuda T. Effects of Three-Dimensional Culture of Mouse Calvaria-Derived Osteoblastic Cells in a Collagen Gel with a Multichannel Structure on the Morphogenesis Behaviors of Engineered Bone Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3414-3424. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Toshio Fukuda
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Intelligent
Robotics Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun
Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Wei D, Sun J, Bolderson J, Zhong M, Dalby MJ, Cusack M, Yin H, Fan H, Zhang X. Continuous Fabrication and Assembly of Spatial Cell-Laden Fibers for a Tissue-Like Construct via a Photolithographic-Based Microfluidic Chip. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14606-14617. [PMID: 28157291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineering three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with in vivo like architecture and function has shown great potential for tissue regeneration. Here we developed a facile microfluidic-based strategy for the continuous fabrication of cell-laden microfibers with hierarchically organized architecture. We show that photolithographically fabricated microfluidic devices offer a simple and reliable way to create anatomically inspired complex structures. Furthermore, the use of photo-cross-linkable methacrylated alginate allows modulation of both the mechanical properties and biological activity of the hydrogels for targeted applications. Via this approach, multilayered hollow microfibers were continuously fabricated, which can be easily assembled in situ, using 3D printing, into a larger, tissue-like construct. Importantly, this biomimetic approach promoted the development of phenotypical functions of the target tissue. As a model to engineer a complex tissue construct, osteon-like fiber was biomimetically engineered, and enhanced vasculogenic and osteogenic expression were observed in the encapsulated human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and osteoblast-like MG63 cells respectively within the osteon fibers. The capability of this approach to create functional building blocks will be advantageous for bottom-up regeneration of complex, large tissue defects and, more broadly, will benefit a variety of applications in tissue engineering and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jason Bolderson
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K
| | - Meiling Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | - Huabing Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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22
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Sun L, Pereira D, Wang Q, Barata DB, Truckenmüller R, Li Z, Xu X, Habibovic P. Controlling Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Osteoblasts on Microgrooved Polystyrene Surfaces. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161466. [PMID: 27571520 PMCID: PMC5003369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface topography is increasingly being recognized as an important factor to control the response of cells and tissues to biomaterials. In the current study, the aim was to obtain deeper understanding of the effect of microgrooves on shape and orientation of osteoblast-like cells and to relate this effect to their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. To this end, two microgrooved polystyrene (PS) substrates, differing in the width of the grooves (about 2 μm and 4 μm) and distance between individual grooves (about 6 μm and 11 μm, respectively) were fabricated using a combination of photolithography and hot embossing. MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were cultured on these microgrooved surfaces, with unpatterned hot-embossed PS substrate as a control. Scanning electron- and fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that on patterned surfaces, the cells aligned along the microgrooves. The cells cultured on 4 μm-grooves / 11 μm-ridges surface showed a more pronounced alignment and a somewhat smaller cell area and cell perimeter as compared to cells cultured on surface with 2 μm-grooves / 6 μm-ridges or unpatterned PS. PrestoBlue analysis and quantification of DNA amounts suggested that microgrooves used in this experiment did not have a strong effect on cell metabolic activity or proliferation. However, cell differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage was significantly enhanced when MG-63 cells were cultured on the 2/6 substrate, as compared to the 4/11 substrate or unpatterned PS. This effect on osteogenic differentiation may be related to differences in cell spreading between the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanying Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Oral Implantology Center, Stomatology Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Pereira
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Qibao Wang
- Oral Implantology Center, Stomatology Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - David Baião Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Zhaoyuan Li
- Oral Implantology Center, Stomatology Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
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23
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Sun Y, Li H, Lin Y, Niu L, Wang Q. Integration of poly(3-hexylthiophene) conductive stripe patterns with 3D tubular structures for tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
P3HT was self-assembled into large-scale conductive stripe patterns based on confined evaporative self-assembly. These conductive stripe patterns could induce cell alignment and provide spatial electric signals to modulate cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory of Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory of Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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24
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Knight E, Przyborski S. Advances in 3D cell culture technologies enabling tissue-like structures to be created in vitro. J Anat 2015; 227:746-56. [PMID: 25411113 PMCID: PMC4694114 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in mammalian cell biology often relies on developing in vitro models to enable the growth of cells in the laboratory to investigate a specific biological mechanism or process under different test conditions. The quality of such models and how they represent the behavior of cells in real tissues plays a critical role in the value of the data produced and how it is used. It is particularly important to recognize how the structure of a cell influences its function and how co-culture models can be used to more closely represent the structure of real tissue. In recent years, technologies have been developed to enhance the way in which researchers can grow cells and more readily create tissue-like structures. Here we identify the limitations of culturing mammalian cells by conventional methods on two-dimensional (2D) substrates and review the popular approaches currently available that enable the development of three-dimensional (3D) tissue models in vitro. There are now many ways in which the growth environment for cultured cells can be altered to encourage 3D cell growth. Approaches to 3D culture can be broadly categorized into scaffold-free or scaffold-based culture systems, with scaffolds made from either natural or synthetic materials. There is no one particular solution that currently satisfies all requirements and researchers must select the appropriate method in line with their needs. Using such technology in conjunction with other modern resources in cell biology (e.g. human stem cells) will provide new opportunities to create robust human tissue mimetics for use in basic research and drug discovery. Application of such models will contribute to advancing basic research, increasing the predictive accuracy of compounds, and reducing animal usage in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Knight
- School of Biological and Biomedical ScienceDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- School of Biological and Biomedical ScienceDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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Roux BM, Cheng MH, Brey EM. Engineering clinically relevant volumes of vascularized bone. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:903-14. [PMID: 25877690 PMCID: PMC4420594 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization remains one of the most important challenges that must be overcome for tissue engineering to be consistently implemented for reconstruction of large volume bone defects. An extensive vascular network is needed for transport of nutrients, waste and progenitor cells required for remodelling and repair. A variety of tissue engineering strategies have been investigated in an attempt to vascularize tissues, including those applying cells, soluble factor delivery strategies, novel design and optimization of bio-active materials, vascular assembly pre-implantation and surgical techniques. However, many of these strategies face substantial barriers that must be overcome prior to their ultimate translation into clinical application. In this review recent progress in engineering vascularized bone will be presented with an emphasis on clinical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Roux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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Biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering: Integrating biological and physicomechanical strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:1-29. [PMID: 25236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important challenge in bone tissue engineering. To achieve long-term repair and good clinical outcomes, biologically responsive approaches that focus on repair and reconstitution of tissue structure and function through drug release, receptor recognition, environmental responsiveness and tuned biodegradability are required. Traditional orthopedic materials lack biomimicry, and mismatches in tissue morphology, or chemical and mechanical properties ultimately accelerate device failure. Multiple stimuli have been proposed as principal contributors or mediators of cell activity and bone tissue formation, including physical (substrate topography, stiffness, shear stress and electrical forces) and biochemical factors (growth factors, genes or proteins). However, optimal solutions to bone regeneration remain elusive. This review will focus on biological and physicomechanical considerations currently being explored in bone tissue engineering.
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Hong JK, Bang JY, Xu G, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Kim HS, Kwon SM. Thickness-controllable electrospun fibers promote tubular structure formation by endothelial progenitor cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1189-200. [PMID: 25709441 PMCID: PMC4334353 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the thickness of an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold by altering its pore size has been shown to regulate cell behaviors such as cell infiltration into a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold. This is of great importance when manufacturing tissue-engineering scaffolds using an electrospinning process. In this study, we report the development of a novel process whereby additional aluminum foil layers were applied to the accumulated electrospun fibers of an existing aluminum foil collector, effectively reducing the incidence of charge buildup. Using this process, we fabricated an electrospun scaffold with a large pore (pore size >40 μm) while simultaneously controlling the thickness. We demonstrate that the large pore size triggered rapid infiltration (160 μm in 4 hours of cell culture) of individual endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and rapid cell colonization after seeding EPC spheroids. We confirmed that the 3D, but not two-dimensional, scaffold structures regulated tubular structure formation by the EPCs. Thus, incorporation of stem cells into a highly porous 3D scaffold with tunable thickness has implications for the regeneration of vascularized thick tissues and cardiac patch development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Hong
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea ; Conversence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ju Yup Bang
- Department of Organic Material Science, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Han Seong Kim
- Department of Organic Material Science, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea ; Conversence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea ; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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Zhao N, Zhu D. Collagen self-assembly on orthopedic magnesium biomaterials surface and subsequent bone cell attachment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110420. [PMID: 25303459 PMCID: PMC4193861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) biomaterials are a new generation of biodegradable materials and have promising potential for orthopedic applications. After implantation in bone tissues, these materials will directly interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) biomolecules and bone cells. Type I collagen, the major component of bone ECM, forms the architecture scaffold that provides physical support for bone cell attachment. However, it is still unknown how Mg substrate affects collagen assembly on top of it as well as subsequent cell attachment and growth. Here, we studied the effects of collagen monomer concentration, pH, assembly time, and surface roughness of two Mg materials (pure Mg and AZ31) on collagen fibril formation. Results showed that formation of fibrils would not initiate until the monomer concentration reached a certain level depending on the type of Mg material. The thickness of collagen fibril increased with the increase of assembly time. The structures of collagen fibrils formed on semi-rough surfaces of Mg materials have a high similarity to that of native bone collagen. Next, cell attachment and growth after collagen assembly were examined. Materials with rough surface showed higher collagen adsorption but compromised bone cell attachment. Interestingly, surface roughness and collagen structure did not affect cell growth on AZ31 for up to a week. Findings from this work provide some insightful information on Mg-tissue interaction at the interface and guidance for future surface modifications of Mg biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
- NSF Engineering Research Center-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio-Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
- NSF Engineering Research Center-Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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A spatial patternable macroporous hydrogel with cell-affinity domains to enhance cell spreading and differentiation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4759-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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