1
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Li T, Dai C, Lu Q, Tian M. A polarity-responsive lysosomes-nucleus translocation probe for the dual-emissive visualization of cell apoptosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124272. [PMID: 38603960 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Visualization of cell apoptosis is a critical task playing central roles in the fundamental studies in biology, pathology, and biomedicine. Dual-emissive fluorescent probes are desired molecular tools for study on apoptosis, which however were rarely reported. Herein, utilizing the polarity differences between lysosomes and nucleus, a translocation type of fluorescent probe (NA-S) was developed for the dual-color visualization of cell apoptosis. NA-S was designed to be polarity sensitive, bearing alkalescence group, and with DNA affinity. In living cells, NA-S targeted the lysosomes to give blue fluorescence, which translocated into the nucleus during cell apoptosis to give green emission. Thereby, the cell apoptosis could be visualized with NA-S in dual-emissive manner. With the unique probe, the cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress, UV irradiation, rotenone, colchicine, and paclitaxel have been successfully visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chun Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
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2
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Sun J, Li H, Ouyang M, Cheng J, Xu D, Tan X, Lin Q. User-Friendly Multifunctional Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Rapid Cell Nucleus Staining via Targeting Nuclear Proteins. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8432-8440. [PMID: 38709576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cytoarchitectural staining is of great importance in disease diagnosis and cell biology research. This study developed user-friendly multifunctional red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) for rapid cell nucleus staining via targeting nuclear proteins. R-CDs, simply prepared by electrochemical treatment of 1,2,4-benzenetriamine, exhibit strong emission at 635 nm when excited at 507 nm. The R-CDs can rapidly stain the nucleus of human SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and HUH-7 cells with a high signal-to-noise ratio owing to fluorescence enhancement after entering the nucleus. Compared to conventional cytosolic dyes such as Hoechst and DAPI, R-CDs are cheaper, more highly dispersed in water, and more stable (requiring no stringent storage conditions). The R-CDs show stable optical properties with insignificant photobleaching over 7 days and salt resistance up to 2 M of NaCl. More importantly, R-CDs, possessing a positive charge, allow rapid staining of live cells (3 min) and dead cells (10 s) in saline. According to kinetic variation, R-CDs can distinguish live cells from dead cells. Staining exhibits high efficiency in onion epidermal cells, Aspergillus niger, Caenorhabditis elegans, and human spermatozoa. The mechanism for efficient staining is based on their fast accumulation in the nucleus due to their small size and positive charge and strong interaction with nuclear proteins at amino acid residues of histidine and arginine, resulting in fluorescence enhancement by dozens of times. The developed R-CDs do not bind to DNA and would not cause genetic damage and will find various safe applications in biological and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Technology Center of Changsha Customs, Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- The Key Lab of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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3
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Jiang W, Qiao Q, Chen J, Bao P, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z. Rna Buffering Fluorogenic Probe for Nucleolar Morphology Stable Imaging And Nucleolar Stress-Generating Agents Screening. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309743. [PMID: 38326089 PMCID: PMC11022735 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cell research, membraneless organelles have become a subject of increasing interest. However, their ever-changing and amorphous morphological characteristics have long presented a formidable challenge when it comes to studying their structure and function. In this paper, a fluorescent probe Nu-AN is reported, which exhibits the remarkable capability to selectively bind to and visualize the nucleolus morphology, the largest membraneless organelle within the nucleus. Nu-AN demonstrates a significant enhancement in fluorescence upon its selective binding to nucleolar RNA, due to the inhibited twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) and reduced hydrogen bonding with water. What sets Nu-AN apart is its neutral charge and weak interaction with nucleolus RNA, enabling it to label the nucleolus selectively and reversibly. This not only reduces interference but also permits the replacement of photobleached probes with fresh ones outside the nucleolus, thereby preserving imaging photostability. By closely monitoring morphology-specific changes in the nucleolus with this buffering fluorogenic probe, screenings for agents are conducted that induce nucleolar stress within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Pengjun Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yi Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yinchan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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4
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Yang Y, Yan DX, Rong RX, Shi BY, Zhang M, Liu J, Xin J, Xu T, Ma WJ, Li XL, Wang KR. Nucleolus imaging based on naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106969. [PMID: 37988784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolus was an important cellular organelle. The abnormal morphology and number of the nucleolus have been considered as diagnostic biomarkers for some human diseases. However, the imaging agent based on nucleolus was limited. In this manuscript, a series of nucleolar fluorescent probes based on naphthalimide derivatives (NI-1 ∼ NI-5) had been designed and synthesized. NI-1 ∼ NI-5 could penetrate cell membranes and nuclear membranes, achieve clear nucleolar staining in living cells. These results suggested that the presence of amino groups on the side chains of naphthalimide backbone could enhance the targeting to the cell nucleolus. In addition, the molecular docking results showed that NI-1 ∼ NI-5 formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with RNA, and exhibited enhanced fluorescence upon binding with RNA. These results will provide favorable support for the diagnosis and treatment of nucleolus-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Rui-Xue Rong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| | - Bing-Ye Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jie Xin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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5
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Ishkitiev N, Miteva M, Micheva M, Stoyanova T, Lozanova VV, Lozanov VS, Mihaylova Z, Cheshmedzhieva DV, Kandinska M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Ilieva S, Baluschev S, Gargallo R, Calenic B, Constantinescu I, Landfester K, Vasilev AA. Aggregation induced nucleic acids recognition by homodimeric asymmetric monomethyne cyanine fluorochromes in mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126094. [PMID: 37544569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In the light of recent retrovirus pandemics, the issue of discovering new and diverse RNA-specific fluorochromes for research and diagnostics became of acute importance. The great majority of nucleic acid-specific probes either do not stain RNA or cannot distinguish between DNA and RNA. The versatility of polymethine dyes makes them suitable as stains for visualization, analysis, and detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules. We synthesized the asymmetric dicationic homodimeric monomethine cyanine dyes 1,1'-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(4-((3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)pyridin-1-ium) bromide (Т1) and 1,1'-(1,3-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(4-((3-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)quinolin-1-ium) bromide (M1) and tested their binding specificity, spectral characteristics, membrane penetration in living and fixed cells, cellular toxicity, and stability of fluorescent emission. Mesenchymal cells have diverse phenotypes and extensive proliferation and differentiation properties. We found dyes T1 and M1 to show high photochemical stability in living mesenchymal stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) with a strong fluorescent signal when bound to nucleic acids. We found M1 to perform better than control fluorochrome (Hoechst 33342) for in vivo DNA visualization. T1, on the other hand, stains granular cellular structures resembling ribosomes in living cells and after permeabilization of the nuclear membrane stains the nucleoli and not the chromatin in the nucleus. This makes T1 suitable for the visualization of structures rich in RNA in living and fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ishkitiev
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Miteva
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Micheva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria; Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vesela V Lozanova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Valentin S Lozanov
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Zornitsa Mihaylova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, G. Sofijski 1 str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Diana V Cheshmedzhieva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Meglena Kandinska
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sonia Ilieva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Faculty of Physics, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aleksey A Vasilev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St., bl 103A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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6
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Kim MJ, Li Y, Junge JA, Kim NK, Fraser SE, Zhang C. Development of Highly Fluorogenic Styrene Probes for Visualizing RNA in Live Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1523-1533. [PMID: 37200527 PMCID: PMC10367048 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Styrene dyes are useful imaging probes and fluorescent sensors due to their strong fluorogenic responses to environmental changes or binding macromolecules. Previously, indole-containing styrene dyes have been reported to selectively bind RNA in the nucleolus and cytoplasm. However, the application of these indole-based dyes in cell imaging is limited by their moderate fluorescence enhancement and quantum yields, as well as relatively high background associated with these green-emitting dyes. In this work, we have investigated the positional and electronic effects of the electron donor by generating regioisomeric and isosteric analogues of the indole ring. Select probes exhibited large Stokes shifts, enhanced molar extinction coefficients, and bathochromic shifts in their absorption and fluorescence wavelengths. In particular, the indolizine analogues displayed high membrane permeability, strong fluorogenic responses upon binding RNA, compatibility with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), low cytotoxicity, and excellent photostability. These indolizine dyes not only give rise to rapid, sensitive, and intense staining of nucleoli in live cells but can also resolve subnucleolar structures enabling highly detailed studies of nucleolar morphology. Furthermore, our dyes can partition into RNA coacervates and resolve the formation of multiphase complex coacervate droplets. These indolizine-containing styrene probes offer the highest fluorescence enhancement among the RNA-selective dyes reported in the literature; thus, these new dyes are excellent alternatives to the commercially available RNA dye, SYTO RNASelect, for visualizing RNA in live cells and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Jung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry & Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yida Li
- Department
of Chemistry & Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jason A. Junge
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Translational
Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nathan K. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry & Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Translational
Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry & Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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7
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Cesaretti A, Calzoni E, Montegiove N, Bianconi T, Alebardi M, La Serra MA, Consiglio G, Fortuna CG, Elisei F, Spalletti A. Lighting-Up the Far-Red Fluorescence of RNA-Selective Dyes by Switching from Ortho to Para Position. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054812. [PMID: 36902248 PMCID: PMC10003335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is constantly searching for new far-red emitting probes whose turn-on response is selective upon the interaction with specific biological targets. Cationic push-pull dyes could indeed respond to these requirements due to their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, by which their optical properties can be tuned, and their ability to interact strongly with nucleic acids. Starting from the intriguing results recently achieved with some push-pull dimethylamino-phenyl dyes, two isomers obtained by switching the cationic electron acceptor head (either a methylpyridinium or a methylquinolinium) from the ortho to the para position have been scrutinized for their ICT dynamics, their affinity towards DNA and RNA, and in vitro behavior. By exploiting the marked fluorescence enhancement observed upon complexation with polynucleotides, fluorimetric titrations were employed to evaluate the dyes' ability as efficient DNA/RNA binders. The studied compounds exhibited in vitro RNA-selectivity by localizing in the RNA-rich nucleoli and within the mitochondria, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. The para-quinolinium derivative showed some modest antiproliferative effect on two tumor cell lines as well as improved properties as an RNA-selective far-red probe in terms of both turn-on response (100-fold fluorescence enhancement) and localized staining ability, attracting interest as a potential theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bianconi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Alebardi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta La Serra
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cosimo Gianluca Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence on Innovative Nanostructured Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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8
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Wu S, Cui Y, Zhou M, Tao F, Wu W, Xing S, Sun R, Li X, Hu Q. pH-Triggered Charge Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Nucleoli in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4005-4014. [PMID: 36795765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation between organelles is essential to maintain the normal functions of cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) and nucleoli, as important organelles, play an important role in the normal activities of cells. However, due to the lack of appropriate tools, in situ observation of the interaction between them has been rarely reported. In this work, taking into full consideration the pH and charge differences between LDs and nucleoli, a pH-triggered charge reversible fluorescent probe (LD-Nu) was constructed based on a cyclization-ring-opening mechanism. The in vitro pH titration experiment and 1H NMR showed that LD-Nu gradually transferred from the charged form to the electroneutral form with the increase of pH, and thus, the conjugate plane was reduced and its fluorescence blue-shifted. Most importantly, the physical contact between LDs and nucleoli was visualized for the first time. Meanwhile, the relationship between LDs and nucleoli was also further investigated, and the results showed that their interaction was more liable to be affected by the abnormality of LDs than those of nucleoli. Moreover, the cell imaging results displayed that the LDs both in the cytoplasm and nucleus were observed using the probe LD-Nu, and interestingly, the LDs in the cytoplasm were more susceptible to external stimuli than those in the nucleus. In a word, the probe LD-Nu can serve as a powerful tool for further exploration of the interaction mechanism between LDs and nucleoli in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shining Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Furong Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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9
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He M, Sato Y, Nishizawa S. Classical thiazole orange and its regioisomer as fluorogenic probes for nucleolar RNA imaging in living cells. Analyst 2023; 148:636-642. [PMID: 36602142 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01804g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to well-established DNA-selective dyes for live cell imaging, RNA-selective dyes have been less developed owing to the challenges of making small molecules have RNA selectivity over DNA. Two kinds of dyes are now commercially available for nucleolar RNA imaging in cells, but these two dyes do not apply to living cells and have limited use in fixed and permeabilized cells. Herein, we report on thiazole orange (TO), a well-known nucleic acid stain, as a promising fluorogenic dye for nucleolar RNA imaging in living cells. TO shows clear response selectivity for RNA over DNA with a significant light-up property upon binding to RNA (λem = 532 nm, I/I0 = 580-fold, and Φbound/Φfree = 380) and is even applicable to wash-free imaging of living cells. More interestingly, 2TO, a regioisomer of TO in which the benzothiazole unit is connected to position 2 in the quinoline ring, performs much better (λem = 532 nm, I/I0 = 430-fold, Φbound/Φfree = 1200), having superior selectivity for RNA in both solution and living cells. The comparison with TO derivatives carrying different substituents at N1 of the quinoline ring reveals that the slight change in the TO framework significantly affects RNA selectivity, photostability and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng He
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Nishizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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10
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Xu KF, Jia HR, Wang Z, Feng HH, Li LY, Zhang R, Durrani S, Lin F, Wu FG. See the Unseen: Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Visualizing the Nucleolar Structures in Two Model Animals and In Vivo Drug Toxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2205890. [PMID: 36634974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolus, which participates in many crucial cellular activities, is an ideal target for evaluating the state of a cell or an organism. Here, bright red-emissive carbon dots (termed CPCDs) with excitation-independent/polarity-dependent fluorescence emission are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction between congo red and p-phenylenediamine. The CPCDs can achieve wash-free, real-time, long-term, and high-quality nucleolus imaging in live cells, as well as in vivo imaging of two common model animals-zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Strikingly, CPCDs realize the nucleolus imaging of organs/flowing blood cells in zebrafish at a cellular level for the first time, and the superb nucleolus imaging of C. elegans suggests that the germ cells in the spermatheca probably have no intact nuclei. These previously unachieved imaging results of the cells/tissues/organs may guide the zebrafish-related studies and benefit the research of C. elegans development. More importantly, a novel strategy based on CPCDs for in vivo toxicity evaluation of materials/drugs (e.g., Ag+ ), which can visualize the otherwise unseen injuries in zebrafish, is developed. In conclusion, the CPCDs represent a robust tool for visualizing the structures and dynamic behaviors of live zebrafish and C. elegans, and may find important applications in cell biology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Samran Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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11
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Niu J, Meng F, Hao Q, Zong C, Fu J, Xue H, Tian M, Yu X. Ratiometric and Discriminative Visualization of Autophagy and Apoptosis with a Single Fluorescent Probe Based on the Aggregation/Monomer Principle. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17885-17894. [PMID: 36516436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis play a central role in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. Therefore, discriminative visualization of the two cellular processes is an important and challenging task. However, fluorescent probes enabling ratiometric visualization of both autophagy and apoptosis with different sets of fluorescence signals have not been developed yet. In this work, we constructed a versatile single fluorescent probe (NKLR) based on the aggregation/monomer principle for the ratiometric and discriminative visualization of autophagy and apoptosis. NKLR can simultaneously perform two-color imaging of RNA (deep red channel) and lysosomes (yellow channel) in aggregation and monomer states, respectively. During autophagy, NKLR migrated from cytoplasmic RNA and nuclear RNA to lysosomes, showing enhanced yellow emission and sharply decreased deep red fluorescence. Moreover, this migration process was reversible upon the recovery of autophagy. Comparatively, during apoptosis, NKLR immigrated from lysosomes to RNA, and the yellow emission decreased and even disappeared, while the fluorescence of the deep red channel slightly increased. Overall, autophagy and apoptosis could be discriminatively visualized via the fluorescence intensity ratios of the two channels. Meanwhile, the cells in three different states (healthy, autophagic, apoptotic) could be distinguished by three point-to-point fluorescence images via the localization and emission color of NKLR. Therefore, the probe NKLR can serve as a desirable molecular tool to reveal the in-depth relation between autophagy and apoptosis and facilitate the study on the two cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang C, Zhang R, Liang C, Deng Y, Li Z, Deng Y, Tang BZ. Charge-elimination strategy for constructing RNA-selective fluorescent probe undisturbed by mitochondria. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Development of a Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Imaging RNA Dynamics in Live Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206927. [PMID: 36296519 PMCID: PMC9607629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RNA imaging is of great importance for understanding its complex spatiotemporal dynamics and cellular functions. Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of small-molecule fluorescent probes for RNA imaging. However, most of the reported studies have mainly focused on improving the photostability, permeability, long emission wavelength, and compatibility with live-cell imaging of RNA probes. Less attention has been paid to the selectivity and detection limit of this class of probes. Highly selective and sensitive RNA probes are still rarely available. In this study, a new set of styryl probes were designed and synthesized, with the aim of upgrading the detection limit and maintaining the selectivity of a lead probe QUID−1 for RNA. Among these newly synthesized compounds, QUID−2 was the most promising candidate. The limit of detection (LOD) value of QUID−2 for the RNA was up to 1.8 ng/mL in solution. This property was significantly improved in comparison with that of QUID−1. Further spectroscopy and cell imaging studies demonstrated the advantages of QUID−2 over a commercially available RNA staining probe, SYTO RNASelect, for highly selective and sensitive RNA imaging. In addition, QUID−2 exhibited excellent photostability and low cytotoxicity. Using QUID−2, the global dynamics of RNA were revealed in live cells. More importantly, QUID−2 was found to be potentially applicable for detecting RNA granules in live cells. Collectively, our work provides an ideal probe for RNA imaging. We anticipate that this powerful tool may create new opportunities to investigate the underlying roles of RNA and RNA granules in live cells.
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14
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Song G, He H, Chen W, Lv Y, Chu PK, Wang H, Li P. Reversibly Migratable Fluorescent Probe for Precise and Dynamic Evaluation of Cell Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:798. [PMID: 36290933 PMCID: PMC9599583 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨmito) provides the charge gradient required for mitochondrial functions and is a key indicator of cellular health. The changes in MMP are closely related to diseases and the monitoring of MMP is thus vital for pathological study and drug development. However, most of the current fluorescent probes for MMP rely solely on the cell fluorescence intensity and are thus restricted by poor photostability, rendering them not suitable for long-term dynamic monitoring of MMP. Herein, an MMP-responsive fluorescent probe pyrrolyl quinolinium (PQ) which is capable of reversible migration between mitochondria and nucleolus is developed and demonstrated for dynamic evaluation of MMP. The fluorescence of PQ translocates from mitochondria to nucleoli when MMP decreases due to the intrinsic RNA-specificity and more importantly, the translocation is reversible. The cytoplasm to nucleolus fluorescence intensity ratio is positively correlated with MMP so that this method avoids the negative influence of photostability and imaging parameters. Various situations of MMP can be monitored in real time even without controls. Additionally, long-term dynamic evaluation of MMP is demonstrated for HeLa cells using PQ in oxidative environment. This study is expected to give impetus to the development of mitochondria-related disease diagnosis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofen Song
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiwei He
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanliang Lv
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Higuchi K, Sato Y, Togashi N, Suzuki M, Yoshino Y, Nishizawa S. Bright and Light-Up Sensing of Benzo[ c,d]indole-oxazolopyridine Cyanine Dye for RNA and Its Application to Highly Sensitive Imaging of Nucleolar RNA in Living Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23744-23748. [PMID: 35847247 PMCID: PMC9280936 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular weight probes that can show a fluorescence signaling response upon binding to RNAs are promising for RNA imaging in living cells. Live-cell RNA imaging probes that can achieve a large light-up ability (>100-fold) and high Φbound value for RNA (>0.50) have been rarely reported to date. Here, benzo[c,d]indole-oxazolopyridine (BIOP), an unsymmetrical monomethine cyanine analogue, was newly developed as a bright and large light-up probe for imaging of nucleolar RNA in living cells. BIOP served as a yellow-emissive probe (λem = 570 nm) and exhibited a significant light-up response upon RNA binding (770-fold) with a high Φbound value (0.52). We demonstrated the advantages of BIOP over a commercially available RNA-staining probe, SYTO RNA select, for robust and sensitive RNA sensing by a systematic comparison of fluorescent properties for RNA. In addition, BIOP was found to possess high membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity in living cells. The examination of live-cell imaging revealed that BIOP exhibited emission in the nucleolus upon binding to nucleolar RNA much stronger than that of SYTO RNA select. Furthermore, BIOP facilitated the highly sensitive imaging of nucleolar RNA, in which 50 nM BIOP can stain nucleolar RNA in living cells with a 20 min incubation.
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16
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Liu H, Tian Y, Xue C, Niu Q, Chen C, Yan X. Analysis of extracellular vesicle DNA at the single‐vesicle level by nano‐flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12206. [PMID: 35373518 PMCID: PMC8977970 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated recently that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry DNA; however, many fundamental features of DNA in EVs (EV‐DNA) remain elusive. In this study, a laboratory‐built nano‐flow cytometer (nFCM) that can detect single EVs as small as 40 nm in diameter and single DNA fragments of 200 bp upon SYTO 16 staining was used to study EV‐DNA at the single‐vesicle level. Through simultaneous side‐scatter and fluorescence (FL) detection of single particles and with the combination of enzymatic treatment, present study revealed that: (1) naked DNA or DNA associated with non‐vesicular entities is abundantly presented in EV samples prepared from cell culture medium by ultracentrifugation; (2) the quantity of EV‐DNA in individual EVs exhibits large heterogeneity and the population of DNA positive (DNA+) EVs varies from 30% to 80% depending on the cell type; (3) external EV‐DNA is mainly localized on relatively small size EVs (e.g. <100 nm for HCT‐15 cell line) and the secretion of external DNA+ EVs can be significantly reduced by exosome secretion pathway inhibition; (4) internal EV‐DNA is mainly packaged inside the lumen of relatively large EVs (e.g. 80–200 nm for HCT‐15 cell line); (5) double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) is the predominant form of both the external and internal EV‐DNA; (6) histones (H3) are not found in EVs, and EV‐DNA is not associated with histone proteins and (7) genotoxic drug induces an enhanced release of DNA+ EVs, and the number of both external DNA+ EVs and internal DNA+ EVs as well as the DNA content in single EVs increase significantly. This study provides direct and conclusive experimental evidence for an in‐depth understanding of how DNA is associated with EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemical Biology MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Chemical Biology MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen People's Republic of China
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17
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Mondal IC, Galkin M, Sharma S, Murugan NA, Yushchenko DA, Girdhar K, Karmakar A, Mondal P, Gaur P, Ghosh S. Organosulfur/selenium-based Highly Fluorogenic Molecular Probes for Live-Cell Nucleolus Imaging. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101281. [PMID: 35129298 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present rationally designed cationic organochalcogens highly selective to RNA. We have demonstrated that the conformational dynamics and subsequently the optical properties of these dyes can be controlled to facilitate efficient bioimaging. We report organoselenium and organosulfur-based cell-permeable red-emissive probes bearing favorable cyclic sidearm with potential for selective and high contrast imaging of cell nucleoli. The probes exhibit high quantum yield upon interaction with RNA in an aqueous solution. An in-depth multiscale simulation study reveals that the prominent rotational freezing of the electron-donating sidearm of the probes in the microenvironment of RNA helps in attaining more planar conformation when compared to DNA. It exerts a greater extent of intramolecular charge transfer and hence leads to enhanced fluorescence emission. A systematic structure-interaction relationship study highlighted the impact of heavy-chalcogens toward the improved emissive properties of the probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksym Galkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Shubham Sharma
- IIT Mandi: Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, INDIA
| | - N Arul Murugan
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, SWEDEN
| | - Dmytro A Yushchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Khyati Girdhar
- IIT Mandi: Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, INDIA
| | - Anirban Karmakar
- Instituto Superior Tecnico Avenida Rovisco Pais, Centro de Quimica Estrutural, PORTUGAL
| | - Prosenjit Mondal
- IIT Mandi: Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, School of Basic Sciences, INDIA
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, CZECH REPUBLIC
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18
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Tian M, Zhan J, Lin W. Single fluorescent probes enabling simultaneous visualization of duple organelles: Design principles, mechanisms, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Yadav U, Verma M, Abbas Z, Sivakumar S, Patra AK. An emissive dual-sensitized bimetallic Eu 2III-bioprobe: design strategy, biological interactions, and nucleolus staining studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dual sensitized Eu2III–bioprobe (1) offers incredible opportunities for fine-tuning and exploring a strongly luminescent probe as a nucleolus staining agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zafar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots: Facile synthesis and multifunctional applications for pH sensing, temperature sensing and RNA-selective imaging. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Saravanakumar K, Sriram B, Sathiyaseelan A, Mariadoss AVA, Hu X, Han KS, Vishnupriya V, MubarakAli D, Wang MH. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of starch-encapsulated biogenic silver nanoparticle and its improved anti-bacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1409-1418. [PMID: 33965484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work reported synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of starch encapsulated silver nanoparticles (St-PF-AgNPs) and their antibacterial activity. The synthesis of St-PF-AgNPs involved in two steps: (i) synthesis of the biogenic silver nanoparticles using the fungal extracts (PF-AgNPs); and, (ii) encapsulation of starch in PF-AgNPs (St-PF-AgNPs). The surface plasmon resonance was found at 420 nm for the PF-AgNPs while it was at 260 and 420 nm for the St-PF-AgNPs. FTIR spectrum demonstrated the capping and encapsulation of the fungal extracts and starch in PF-AgNPs and St-PF-AgNPs. The XRD and TEM-EDS confirmed the crystalline nature, spherical-shaped , and polydispersed- PF-AgNPs and St-PF-AgNPs with strong signals of Ag. The St-PF-AgNPs showed a Z-average size of 115.2 d.nm and zeta potential of -17.8 (mV) as indicated by DLS and zeta potentials. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated higher toxicity of PF-AgNPs than St-PF-AgNPs in HEK293 cells. The antibacterial activity of St-PF-AgNPs were higher than PF-AgNPs in S. aureus. Overall, this work concluded that the starch encapsulation significantly increased the antibacterial activity of PF-AgNPs and this opens a new avenue for the treatment of bacterial infections through the sustained release of PF-AgNPs to target pathogenic bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhaskaran Sriram
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600048, India
| | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok Han
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnupriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600048, India.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Mukherjee T, Soppina V, Ludovic R, Mély Y, Klymchenko AS, Collot M, Kanvah S. Live-cell imaging of the nucleolus and mapping mitochondrial viscosity with a dual function fluorescent probe. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3389-3395. [PMID: 33555275 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of sub-cellular organelles allows the determination of various cellular processes and the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we report a fluorescent probe, bearing push-pull substituents emitting at 600 nm and its application in cellular imaging. The probe shows dual imaging of mitochondria and nucleoli and maps mitochondrial viscosity in live cells under various physiological variations and show minimum cytotoxicity. Nucleolar staining is confirmed by RNAase digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarushyam Mukherjee
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Virupakshi Soppina
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Richert Ludovic
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
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23
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Law ASY, Lee LCC, Lo KKW, Yam VWW. Aggregation and Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Low-Energy Red Luminescent Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes for RNA Detection, Nucleolus Imaging, and RNA Synthesis Inhibitor Screening. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5396-5405. [PMID: 33813827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As an important nuclear substructure, the nucleolus has received increasing attention because of its significant functions in the transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA in eukaryotic cells. In this work, we introduce a proof-of-concept luminescence assay to detect RNA and to accomplish nucleolus imaging with the use of the supramolecular self-assembly of platinum(II) complexes. Noncovalent interactions between platinum(II) complexes and RNA can be induced by the introduction of a guanidinium group into the complexes, and accordingly, a high RNA affinity can be achieved. Interestingly, the aggregation affinities of platinum(II) complexes enable them to display remarkable luminescence turn-on upon RNA binding, which is a result of the strengthening of noncovalent Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions. The complexes exhibit not only intriguing spectroscopic changes and luminescence enhancement after RNA binding but also specific nucleolus imaging in cells. As compared to fluorescent dyes, the low-energy red luminescence and large Stokes shifts of platinum(II) complexes afford a high signal-to-background autofluorescence ratio in nucleolus imaging. Additional properties, including long phosphorescence lifetimes and low cytotoxicity, have endowed the platinum(II) complexes with the potential for biological applications. Also, platinum(II) complexes have been adopted to monitor the dynamics of the nucleolus induced by the addition of RNA synthesis inhibitors. This capability allows the screening of inhibitors and can be advantageous for the development of antineoplastic agents. This work provides a novel strategy for exploring the application of platinum(II) complex-based cell imaging agents based on the mechanism of supramolecular self-assembly. It is envisaged that platinum(II) complexes can be utilized as valuable probes because of the aforementioned appealing advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sin-Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chin MY, Espinosa JA, Pohan G, Markossian S, Arkin MR. Reimagining dots and dashes: Visualizing structure and function of organelles for high-content imaging analysis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:320-337. [PMID: 33600764 PMCID: PMC7995685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are responsible for biochemical and cellular processes that sustain life and their dysfunction causes diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration. While researchers are continuing to appreciate new roles of organelles in disease, the rapid development of specifically targeted fluorescent probes that report on the structure and function of organelles will be critical to accelerate drug discovery. Here, we highlight four organelles that collectively exemplify the progression of phenotypic discovery, starting with mitochondria, where many functional probes have been described, then continuing with lysosomes and Golgi and concluding with nascently described membraneless organelles. We introduce emerging probe designs to explore organelle-specific morphology and dynamics and highlight recent case studies using high-content analysis to stimulate further development of probes and approaches for organellar high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Y Chin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jether Amos Espinosa
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Pohan
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarine Markossian
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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25
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Metabolite Profiling of Methanolic Extract of Gardenia jaminoides by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and Its Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Oxidant Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020102. [PMID: 33525758 PMCID: PMC7912419 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the methanolic extract from seeds of Gardenia jasminoides exhibited strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities with less toxicity to NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were found higher in methanolic extract (MeOH-E) than H2O extract. Besides, 9.82 ± 0.62 µg and 6.42 ± 0.26 µg of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 µg ascorbic acid for ABTS and DPPH scavenging, respectively while 9.02 ± 0.25 µg and 6.52 ± 0.15 µg of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 µg of acarbose for inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. Moreover, the cell assay revealed that the addition of MeOH-E (12.5 µg/mL) increased about 37% of glucose uptake in insulin resistant (IR) HepG2 as compared to untreated IR HepG2 cells. The LC- MS/MS and GC-MS analysis of MeOH-E revealed a total of 54 compounds including terpenoids, glycosides, fatty acid, phenolic acid derivatives. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid and jasminoside A were found promising for anti-diabetic activity revealed by molecular docking study and these molecules are deserving further purification and molecular analysis.
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26
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Srivastava P, Verma M, Kumar A, Srivastava P, Mishra R, Sivakumar S, Patra AK. Luminescent naphthalimide-tagged ruthenium(ii)–arene complexes: cellular imaging, photocytotoxicity and transferrin binding. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3629-3640. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two luminescent ruthenium(ii)–arene complexes containing a naphthalimide tagged morpholine moiety were studied for their biomaging, transferrin-binding and phototherapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Madhu Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- School of Pharmacy
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Center
- University of Maryland
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Ramranjan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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27
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Kurutos A, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Veselinovic A, Veselinović JB, Kamounah FS, Ilic-Tomic T. RNA-targeting low-molecular-weight fluorophores for nucleoli staining: synthesis, in silico modelling and cellular imaging. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present our work on the synthesis, investigation of the photophysical properties, interactions with nucleic acids, molecular docking, and imaging application of three carbocyanine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas Kurutos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- 1113 Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Jovana B. Veselinović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Fadhil S. Kamounah
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
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28
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Lara-Cerón JA, Jiménez Pérez VM, Xochicale-Santana L, Ochoa ME, Chávez-Reyes A, Muñoz-Flores BM. Boron Schiff bases derived from α-amino acids as nucleoli/cytoplasm cell-staining fluorescent probes in vitro. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31748-31757. [PMID: 35518166 PMCID: PMC9056538 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05948j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The size, shape, and number of nucleoli in a cell's nucleus might help to distinguish a malignant from a benign tumor. Cellular biology and histopathology often require better visualization to understand nucleoli-related processes, thus organelle-specific fluorescent markers are needed. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and fully chemo-photophysical characterization of fluorescent boron Schiff bases (BOSCHIBAs), derived from α-amino acids (i.e., phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan), with nucleoli- and cytoplasm-specific staining in cells. It is the first time that Boron Schiff bases derived from α-amino acids act as notorious dual (nucleoli and cytoplasm) cell-staining fluorescent probes. The boron derivatives not only showed good photostability and acceptable quantum yields (∼5%) in solution, but also exhibited low cytotoxicity (>90% cell viability at 0.1 and 1 μg mL-1), which make them good candidates to be used in medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Lara-Cerón
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Av. Universidad s/n. C. P. 66451 Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 83760570 +52 81 83294000 ext. 3401
| | - Víctor M Jiménez Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Av. Universidad s/n. C. P. 66451 Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 83760570 +52 81 83294000 ext. 3401
| | - Leonardo Xochicale-Santana
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Av. Universidad s/n. C. P. 66451 Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 83760570 +52 81 83294000 ext. 3401
| | - María E Ochoa
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN A.P. 14-740 C.P. 07000 D.F. Mexico
| | - Arturo Chávez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Monterrey, PIIT C.P, 66600 Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Blanca M Muñoz-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Av. Universidad s/n. C. P. 66451 Nuevo León Mexico +52 81 83760570 +52 81 83294000 ext. 3401
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29
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Naphthalimide-based macrophage nucleus imaging probes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Zhang R, Niu G, Liu Z, Chau JHC, Su H, Lee MMS, Gu Y, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Single AIEgen for multiple tasks: Imaging of dual organelles and evaluation of cell viability. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119924. [PMID: 32145509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fully understanding the complicated interplays among various chemical species and organelles is greatly important to unravel the mystery of life. However, fluorescent probes capable of visualizing multiple targets discriminatively are severely deficient, which extremely limit the investigation on intracellular interplays among various species. Towards this end and in consideration of the unique advantages of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), here we rationally designed and presented a single AIEgen, named TVQE, bearing lipophilic, cationic and hydrolyzable moieties, and this AIEgen was capable of illuminating mitochondria and lipid droplets with red and blue emission, respectively. In addition, TVQE was successfully used for evaluating cell viability due to its distinct two-color emission changes tuned by esterase-mediated hydrolysis. Of particular importance is that TVQE can selectively differentiate live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and dead cells by confocal microscopy and quantify cell viability statistically by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Guangle Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Joe H C Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Huifang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Michelle M S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China; HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Patsenker
- Department of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel 40700 Israel
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32
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Yoshino Y, Sato Y, Nishizawa S. Deep-Red Light-up Signaling of Benzo[ c, d]indole-Quinoline Monomethine Cyanine for Imaging of Nucleolar RNA in Living Cells and for Sequence-Selective RNA Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14254-14260. [PMID: 31595744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding small probes with deep-red emission are promising for RNA analysis in biological media without suffering from background fluorescence. Here benzo[c,d]indole-quinoline (BIQ), an asymmetric monomethine cyanine analogue, was newly developed as a novel RNA-selective probe with light-up signaling ability in the deep-red spectral range. BIQ features a significant light-up response (105-fold) with an emission maximum at 657 nm as well as improved photostability over the commercially available RNA-selective probe, SYTO RNA select. BIQ was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of nucleolar RNAs in living cells with negligible cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found the useful ability of BIQ as a base surrogate integrated in peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligonucleotides for RNA sequence analysis. BIQ base surrogate functioned as a deep-red light-up base surrogate in forced intercalation (FIT) and triplex-forming FIT (tFIT) systems for the sequence-selective detection of single-stranded and double-stranded RNAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Yoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Japan , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Japan , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Seiichi Nishizawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Tohoku University , Japan , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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33
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Huang R, Huang CH, Shao J, Zhu BZ. Enantioselective and Differential Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Nucleus and Nucleolus by the Two Enantiomers of Chiral Os(II) Polypyridyl Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5909-5916. [PMID: 31538789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is an important subnuclear structure, but very few dyes are available for nucleolar imaging. Here we show that the Λ-enantiomer of [Os(phen)2(dppz)]Cl2 can differentially distinguish the nucleolus from nucleus in living cells with tetrachlorophenolate as counteranion, while the Δ-enantiomer can do so in fixed cells by FLIM imaging. Further studies with three specific metabolic inhibitors for nucleolar protein synthesis found that the lifetime changes of the two enantiomers in the nucleolus can reflect the alteration of the cellular microenvironment, which is related to the general pathological status of the nucleolus. We then observed dynamical architecture changes of the nucleolus, chromosome and spindle apparatus during cell differentiation by these two enantiomers. The chiral Os(II) complex shows many advantages as compared to the commercially available nucleolus dye Syto 9: it displays a much larger Stokes shift value with a near-red emission and a longer lifetime, it can image spindle apparatus during mitosis, and more importantly, it is enantioselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , People's Republic of China
- Linus Pauling Institute , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
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34
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Kumamoto Y, Matsumoto T, Tanaka H, Takamatsu T. Terbium ion as RNA tag for slide-free pathology with deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10745. [PMID: 31341229 PMCID: PMC6656878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence microscopy has enabled molecular imaging having an optical sectioning capability with a wide-field configuration and its usefulness for slide-free pathology has been shown in recent years. Here, we report usefulness of terbium ions as RNA-specific labeling probes for slide-free pathology with deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence. On excitation in the wavelength range of 250–300 nm, terbium ions emitted fluorescence after entering cells. Bright fluorescence was observed at nucleoli and cytoplasm while fluorescence became weak after RNA decomposition by ribonuclease prior to staining. It was also found that the fluorescence intensity at nucleoplasm increased with temperature during staining and that this temperature-dependent behavior resembled temperature-dependent hypochromicity of DNA due to melting. These findings indicated that terbium ions stained single-stranded nucleic acid more efficiently than double-stranded nucleic acid. We further combined terbium ions and DNA-specific dyes for dual-color imaging. In the obtained image, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm were distinguished. We demonstrated the usefulness of dual-color imaging for rapid diagnosis of surgical specimen by showing optical sectioning of unsliced tissues. The present findings can enhance deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence microscopy and consequently expand the potential of fluorescence microscopy in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Division of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Medical Photonics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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35
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Cao C, Wei P, Li R, Zhong Y, Li X, Xue F, Shi Y, Yi T. Ribosomal RNA-Selective Light-Up Fluorescent Probe for Rapidly Imaging the Nucleolus in Live Cells. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1409-1416. [PMID: 31017390 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA-based fluorescent probes are currently limited by their low selectivity toward RNA versus DNA, and low specificity to different RNA structures. Poor membrane permeability is another defect of existing fluorogenic RNA probes for intracellular imaging. In this work, a naphthalimide derivative, probe 1, was developed for the rapid and selective detection of intracellular rRNA (rRNA). Probe 1 exhibited a 32-fold fluorescent enhancement in response to rRNA binding and showed desirable selectivity for rRNA versus DNA and other nucleic acids in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2. Importantly, probe 1 displayed excellent permeability of the nucleolus, could be taken up in 1 min by four different cell lines, and may be the fastest nucleolus dye. The excellent selectivity of probe 1 toward rRNA is attributed to the specific interaction between the complicated 3D structures of rRNA, which was confirmed by quantum calculations using molecular docking simulations. An appropriate lipophilic balance in 1 with the hydrophilic amine group and hydrophobic naphthalimide, as well as its high water solubility, guarantees the high permeability of 1 in cell membranes and nucleolus pores, compared to other analogues (e.g., probes 2-8 in this work). Furthermore, enlarged confocal laser micro images of nucleoli and RNase digestion tests revealed that 1 remained highly selective toward rRNA, even for intracellular imaging. As a live cell probe, 1 also exhibited better photostability than the commercial RNA dye, SYTO RNA select.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yaping Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Hai Quan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Fengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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36
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Zhang R, Niu G, Li X, Guo L, Zhang H, Yang R, Chen Y, Yu X, Tang BZ. Reaction-free and MMP-independent fluorescent probes for long-term mitochondria visualization and tracking. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1994-2000. [PMID: 30881628 PMCID: PMC6383331 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualizing and tracking mitochondrial dynamic changes is crucially important in the fields of physiology, pathology and pharmacology. Traditional electrostatic-attraction based mitochondrial probes fail to visualize and track the changes due to their leakage from mitochondria when mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreases. Reaction-based MitoTracker probes can realize visualization and tracking of mitochondria changes independent of MMP changes. However, such probes impair mitochondrial proteins and exhibit high cytotoxicity. Therefore, it still remains challenging to explore reaction-free and highly biocompatible probes for visualizing and tracking mitochondrial dynamics independent of MMP fluctuations. Herein we synthesized two reaction-free fluorescent mitochondrial probes ECPI-12 and IVPI-12 bearing a long C12-alkyl chain. These cationic probes can firmly immobilize in the mitochondrial inner membrane by strong hydrophobic interaction between the C12-alkyl chain and lipid bilayer, resulting in high specificity and long-term mitochondrial staining regardless of MMP changes. They also exhibit large two-photon absorption cross-sections and show deep penetration in live tissues in two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, they display excellent biocompatibility and realize in situ and real-time mitophagy tracking in live cells. These excellent properties could make ECPI-12 and IVPI-12 the first selective tools for long-term visualization and tracking of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Zhang
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials , State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China .
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Resto-ration and Reconstruction , Institute for Advanced Study , Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China .
| | - Guangle Niu
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Resto-ration and Reconstruction , Institute for Advanced Study , Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China .
| | - Xuechen Li
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials , State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China .
| | - Lifang Guo
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials , State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China .
| | - Huamiao Zhang
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials , State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China .
| | - Rui Yang
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials , State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China .
| | - Yuncong Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Resto-ration and Reconstruction , Institute for Advanced Study , Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China .
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials , State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China .
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Resto-ration and Reconstruction , Institute for Advanced Study , Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China .
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37
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Tian X, Hussain S, de Pace C, Ruiz-Pérez L, Battaglia G. Zn II Complexes for Bioimaging and Correlated Applications. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:509-526. [PMID: 30716209 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a biocompatible element that exists as the second most abundant transition metal ion and an indispensable trace element in the human body. Compared to traditional metal-organic complexes systems, d10 metal ZnII complexes not only exhibit a large Stokes shift and good photon stability but also possess strong emission and low cytotoxicity with a relatively small molecular weight. The use of ZnII complexes has emerged in the last decade as a versatile and convenient tool for numerous biological applications, including bioimaging, molecular and protein recognition, as well as photodynamic therapy. Herein, we review recent developments involving ZnII metal complexes applied as specific subcellular compartment imaging probes and their correlated utilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Tian
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China
| | - Sajid Hussain
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China.,School of Applied Sciences and Humanities (NUSASH), National University of Technology, Sector I-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Cesare de Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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38
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Liu Y, Niu J, Wang W, Lin W. Tracking of Mitochondrial Endogenous Ribonucleic Acid in the Cancer Cells and Macrophages Using a Novel Small-Molecular Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1715-1718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
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39
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Ge C, Huang H, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang P, Zhang Q. Near-Infrared Luminescent Osmium(II) Complexes with an Intrinsic RNA-Targeting Capability for Nucleolus Imaging in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1587-1593. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ge
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Yao Q, Li H, Xian L, Xu F, Xia J, Fan J, Du J, Wang J, Peng X. Differentiating RNA from DNA by a molecular fluorescent probe based on the “door-bolt” mechanism biomaterials. Biomaterials 2018; 177:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Peng W, Sun ZY, Zhang Q, Cheng SQ, Wang SK, Wang XN, Kuang GT, Su XX, Tan JH, Huang ZS, Ou TM. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel p-(Methylthio)styryl Substituted Quindoline Derivatives as Neuroblastoma RAS (NRAS) Repressors via Specific Stabilizing the RNA G-Quadruplex. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6629-6646. [PMID: 29799749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human proto-oncogene neuroblastoma RAS ( NRAS) contains a guanine-rich sequence in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of the mRNA that could form an RNA G-quadruplex structure. This structure acts as a repressor for NRAS translation and could be a potential target for anticancer drugs. Our previous studies found an effective scaffold, the quindoline scaffold, for binding and stabilizing the DNA G-quadruplex structures. Here, on the basis of the previous studies and reported RNA-specific probes, a series of novel p-(methylthio)styryl substituted quindoline (MSQ) derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as NRAS RNA G-quadruplex ligands. Panels of experiments turned out that the introduction of p-(methylthio)styryl side chain could enhance the specific binding to the NRAS RNA G-quadruplex. One of the hits, 4a-10, showed strong stabilizing activity on the G-quadruplex and subsequently repressed NRAS's translation and inhibited tumor cells proliferation. Our finding provided a novel strategy to discover novel NRAS repressors by specifically binding to the RNA G-quadruplex in the 5'-UTR of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yin Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Sui-Qi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ke Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Guo-Tao Kuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Tian-Miao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
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42
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Liu Y, Niu J, Wang W, Ma Y, Lin W. Simultaneous Imaging of Ribonucleic Acid and Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Systems with Distinct Fluorescence Signals Using a Single Fluorescent Probe. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700966. [PMID: 30027032 PMCID: PMC6051385 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are important genes and gaseous signal molecules in physiological environment. However, simultaneous investigation of distribution and interrelation of RNA and H2S in living systems is restricted by lack of functional molecular tools. To address this critical challenge, the development of TP-MIVC is described as the first paradigm of the probes that can concurrently report ribonucleic acid and hydrogen sulfide with distinct fluorescence signals in the cancer cells, zebrafish, and living animals. The advantageous features of the probe include high stability, low background fluorescence, high sensitivity, and two-photon imaging property. Significantly, regardless of normal mice or tumor mice, tumor tissues exhibit stronger fluorescence intensity than other organs. More interestingly, it is found that TP-MIVC is capable of distinguishing normal mice and tumor mice by in vivo imaging. This study may open a new pathway for distinguishing malignant and benign tumor by fluorescence imaging of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological ImagingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanShandong250022P. R. China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological ImagingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanShandong250022P. R. China
| | - Weishan Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological ImagingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanShandong250022P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological ImagingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanShandong250022P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological ImagingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanShandong250022P. R. China
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43
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Chao XJ, Wang KN, Sun LL, Cao Q, Ke ZF, Cao DX, Mao ZW. Cationic Organochalcogen with Monomer/Excimer Emissions for Dual-Color Live Cell Imaging and Cell Damage Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13264-13273. [PMID: 29616788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the development of fluorescent organic molecules with different emission colors for imaging of organelles and their biomedical application are gaining lots of focus recently. Here, we report two cationic organochalcogens 1 and 2, both of which exhibit very weak green emission (Φ1 = 0.12%; Φ2 = 0.09%) in dilute solution as monomers, but remarkably enhanced green emission upon interaction with nucleic acids and large red-shifted emission in aggregate state by the formation of excimers at high concentration. More interestingly, the monomer emission and excimer-like emission can be used for dual color imaging of different organelles. Upon passively diffusing into cells, both probes selectively stain nucleoli with strong green emission upon 488 nm excitation, whereas upon 405 nm excitation, a completely different stain pattern by staining lysosomes (for 1) or mitochondria (for 2) with distinct red emission is observed because of the highly concentrated accumulation in these organelles. Studies on the mechanism of the accumulation in lysosomes (for 1) or mitochondria (for 2) found that the accumulations of the probes are dependent on the membrane permeabilization, which make the probes have great potential in diagnosing cell damage by sensing lysosomal or mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. The study is demonstrative, for the first time, of two cationic molecules for dual-color imaging nucleoli and lysosomes (1)/mitochondria (2) simultaneously in live cell based on monomer and excimer-like emission, respectively, and more importantly, for diagnosing cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Juan Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Li-Li Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Qian Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhuo-Feng Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Du-Xia Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 Shandong , China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
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44
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Hua XW, Bao YW, Wu FG. Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots with Intrinsic Nucleolus-Targeting Capability for Nucleolus Imaging and Enhanced Cytosolic and Nuclear Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10664-10677. [PMID: 29508612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolus tracking and nucleus-targeted photodynamic therapy are attracting increasing attention due to the importance of nucleolus and the sensitivity of nucleus to various therapeutic stimuli. Herein, a new class of multifunctional fluorescent carbon quantum dots (or carbon dots, CDs) synthesized via the one-pot hydrothermal reaction of m-phenylenediamine and l-cysteine was reported to effectively target nucleolus. The as-prepared CDs possess superior properties, such as low-cost and facile synthesis, good water dispersibility, various surface groups for further modifications, prominent photostability, excellent compatibility, and rapid/convenient/wash-free staining procedures. Besides, as compared with SYTO RNASelect (a commonly used commercial dye for nucleolus imaging) that can only image nucleolus in fixed cells, the CDs can realize high-quality nucleolus imaging in not only fixed cells but also living cells, allowing the real-time tracking of nucleolus-related biological behaviors. Furthermore, after conjugating with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a commonly used photosensitizer, the resultant CD-PpIX nanomissiles showed remarkably increased cellular uptake and nucleus-targeting properties and achieved greatly enhanced phototherapeutic efficiency because the nuclei show poor tolerance to reactive oxygen species produced during the photodynamic therapy. The in vivo experiments revealed that the negatively charged CD-PpIX nanomissiles could rapidly and specifically target a tumor site after intravenous injection and cause efficient tumor ablation with no toxic side effects after laser irradiation. It is believed that the present CD-based nanosystem will hold great potential in nucleolus imaging and nucleus-targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy.
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45
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Muñoz-Flores BM, Cabrera-González J, Viñas C, Chávez-Reyes A, Dias HVR, Jiménez-Pérez VM, Núñez R. Organotin Dyes Bearing Anionic Boron Clusters as Cell-Staining Fluorescent Probes. Chemistry 2018; 24:5601-5612. [PMID: 29338104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Within the cell nucleus, in the nucleoli, ribosomal RNAs are synthesized and participate in several biological processes. To better understand nucleoli-related processes, their visualization is often required, for which specific markers are needed. Herein, we report the design of novel fluorescent organotin compounds derived from 4-hydroxy-N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide and their cytoplasm and nucleoli staining of B16F10 cells in vitro. Tin compounds bearing an aliphatic carbon chain (-C12 H25 ) and an electron-donating group (-OH) were prepared, and the latter could be derivatized to bear the boron cluster anions [B12 H12 ]2- and [3,3'-Co(1,2-C2 B9 H11 )2 ]- (COSAN). All of the conjugates have been fully characterized and their luminescence properties have been assessed. In general, they show good quantum yields in solution (24-49 %), those for the COSAN derivatives being lower. Remarkably, the linking of [B12 H12 ]2- and COSAN to the complexes made them more soluble, without being detrimental to their luminescence properties. Living B16F10 cells were treated with all of the compounds to determine their fluorescence staining properties; the compounds bearing the aliphatic chain showed a reduced staining capacity due to the formation of aggregates. Notably, the complexes bearing different boron clusters showed different staining effects; those bearing [B12 H12 ]2- showed extraordinary staining of the nucleoli and cytoplasm, whereas those bearing COSAN were only detected in the cytoplasm. The remarkable fluorescence staining properties shown by these organotin compounds make them excellent candidates for fluorescence bioimaging in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca M Muñoz-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, C. P., 66451, Nuevo León, México
| | - Justo Cabrera-González
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Arturo Chávez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, PIIT, C.P., 66600 Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019-0065, United States
| | - Víctor M Jiménez-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, C. P., 66451, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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46
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Feng R, Li L, Li B, Li J, Peng D, Yu Y, Mu Q, Zhao N, Yu X, Wang Z. A small-molecule with a large two-photon absorption cross-section serves as a membrane-permeable ribonucleic acid (RNA) probe for live cell imaging. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DMI could light up the RNA of the nucleus and the cytoplasm in living systems, which not only exhibits larger two-photon absorption cross-sections (981 GM), but also displays high-permeability to plasma membranes of vigorous cells.
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47
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Gao T, Wang S, Lv W, Liu M, Zeng H, Chen Z, Dong J, Wu Z, Feng X, Zeng W. A self-assembled nanoprobe for long-term cancer cell nucleus-specific staining and two-photon breast cancer imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3578-3581. [PMID: 29431757 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel self-assembled nanoprobe has been developed for the long-term lighting up of cancer cell nuclei, and differentiating between clinical breast cancer and para-carcinoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Gao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha 410013
- China
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410078
- China
| | - Wuwu Lv
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410078
- China
| | - Mian Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410078
- China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha 410013
- China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha 410013
- China
| | - Jie Dong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha 410013
- China
| | - Ziping Wu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha 410013
- China
| | - Xueping Feng
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha 410078
- China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha 410013
- China
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48
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Wang KN, Chao XJ, Liu B, Zhou DJ, He L, Zheng XH, Cao Q, Tan CP, Zhang C, Mao ZW. Red fluorescent probes for real-time imaging of the cell cycle by dynamic monitoring of the nucleolus and chromosome. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2635-2638. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two cationic molecular rotors, 1 and 2, capable of real-time cell-cycle imaging by specifically dynamic monitoring of nucleolus and chromosome changes were developed.
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49
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Shirinfar B, Seema H, Ahmed N. Charged probes: turn-on selective fluorescence for RNA. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:164-168. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium-based charged fluorescent probes for the selective in vitro and in vivo recognition of RNA over other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humaira Seema
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
- University of Peshawar
- Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
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50
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Suseela YV, Narayanaswamy N, Pratihar S, Govindaraju T. Far-red fluorescent probes for canonical and non-canonical nucleic acid structures: current progress and future implications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1098-1131. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00774d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our review presents the recent progress on far-red fluorescent probes of canonical and non-canonical nucleic acid (NA) structures, critically discusses the design principles, applications, limitations and outline the future prospects of developing newer probes with target-specificity for different NA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. V. Suseela
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Nagarjun Narayanaswamy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Sumon Pratihar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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