1
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Ling J, Gu R, Liu L, Chu R, Wu J, Zhong R, Ye S, Liu J, Fan S. Versatile Design of Organic Polymeric Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:14-29. [PMID: 38221923 PMCID: PMC10786136 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy is a primary treatment option for localized prostate cancer (PCa), although high rates of recurrence are commonly observed postsurgery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated efficacy in treating nonmetastatic localized PCa with a low incidence of adverse events. However, its limited efficacy remains a concern. To address these issues, various organic polymeric nanoparticles (OPNPs) loaded with photosensitizers (PSs) that target prostate cancer have been developed. However, further optimization of the OPNP design is necessary to maximize the effectiveness of PDT and improve its clinical applicability. This Review provides an overview of the design, preparation, methodology, and oncological aspects of OPNP-based PDT for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Ling
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rongrong Gu
- College
of Science & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School
of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural
University, 130 Changjiang
West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruixi Chu
- College
of Science & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rongfang Zhong
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- College
of Science & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Inner
Mongolia University Hohhot, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- DICP-Surrey
Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process
Engineering and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford,
Surrey GU27XH, U.K.
| | - Song Fan
- Department
of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology & Anhui Province
Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
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2
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Han J, Liu Y, Peng D, Liu J, Wu D. Biomedical Application of Porphyrin-Based Amphiphiles and Their Self-Assembled Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2155-2180. [PMID: 37955349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins have been vastly explored and applied in many cutting-edge fields with plenty of encouraging achievements because of their excellent properties. As important derivatives of porphyrins, porphyrin-based amphiphiles (PBAs) not only maintain the advanced properties of porphyrins (catalysis, imaging, and energy transfer) but also possess self-assembly and encapsulation capability in aqueous solution. Accordingly, PBAs and their self-assembles have had important roles in diagnosing and treating tumors and inflammation lesions in vivo, but not limited to these. In this article, we introduce the research progress of PBAs, including their constitution, structure design strategies, and performances in tumor and inflammation lesion diagnosis and treatments. On that basis, the defects of synthesized PBAs during their application and the possible effective strategies to overcome the limitations are also proposed. Finally, perspectives on PBAs exploration are updated based on our knowledge. We hope this review will bring researchers from various domains insights about PBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Danfeng Peng
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518119, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Dalin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Gongchang Road 66, Guangming, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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3
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Guo YX, Liu B, Wang WL, Kang J, Chen JH, Sun WM. Computational screening of metalloporphyrin-based drug carriers for antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108617. [PMID: 37696119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel nanoscale carriers for drug delivery is of great significance for improving treatment efficiency and reducing side effects of antitumor drugs. In view of the good biocompatibility and special affinity of porphyrin (PP) molecule to cancer cells, it was used to construct a series of metal-doped M@PP (M = Ca ∼ Zn) materials for the delivery of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in this work. Our results reveal that 5-Fu is tightly adsorbed on M@PP (M = Ca ∼ V, Mn ∼ Co, and Zn) by chemisorption, but is physically adsorbed by M@PP (M = Cr, Ni, and Cu). The calculated electronic properties show that all these 5-Fu@[M@PP] (M = Ca ∼ Zn) complexes have both high stability and solubility. Among these 5-Fu@[M@PP] complexes, the chemical bond formed between 5-Fu and Ti@PP has the strongest covalent characteristic, resulting in the largest adsorption energy of -19.93 kcal/mol for 5-Fu@[Ti@PP]. In particular, 5-Fu@[Ti@PP] has the proper recovery time under the near-infrared light at body temperature, which further suggests that Ti@PP is the best drug carrier for 5-Fu. This study not only reveals the interaction strength and nature between 5-Fu and M@PP, but also confirmed the intriguing potential of Ti@PP as nano-carrier for drug delivery. However, further experimental research should be conducted to verify the conclusion obtained in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xing Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Kang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, The Department of Basic Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Lima E, Reis LV. Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers. Molecules 2023; 28:5092. [PMID: 37446758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, an alternative that has gained weight and popularity compared to current conventional therapies in the treatment of cancer, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy that generally results from the simultaneous action of three factors: a molecule with high sensitivity to light, the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen in the triplet state, and light energy. There is much to be said about each of these three elements; however, the efficacy of the photosensitizer is the most determining factor for the success of this therapeutic modality. Porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines, boron-dipyrromethenes, and cyanines are some of the N-heterocycle-bearing dyes' classes with high biological promise. In this review, a concise approach is taken to these and other families of potential photosensitizers and the molecular modifications that have recently appeared in the literature within the scope of their photodynamic application, as well as how these compounds and their formulations may eventually overcome the deficiencies of the molecules currently clinically used and revolutionize the therapies to eradicate or delay the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico Lima
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lucinda V Reis
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Xie Y, Wang M, Sun Q, Wang D, Li C. Recent Advances in Tetrakis (4‐Carboxyphenyl) Porphyrin‐Based Nanocomposites for Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xie
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P.R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P.R. China
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6
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Hameed S, Bhattarai P, Gong Z, Liang X, Yue X, Dai Z. Ultrasmall porphyrin-silica core-shell dots for enhanced fluorescence imaging-guided cancer photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 5:277-289. [PMID: 36605795 PMCID: PMC9765644 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00704e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinically used small-molecular photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) share similar disadvantages, such as the lack of selectivity towards cancer cells, short blood circulation time, life-threatening phototoxicity, and low physiological solubility. To overcome such limitations, the present study capitalizes on the synthesis of ultra-small hydrophilic porphyrin-based silica nanoparticles (core-shell porphyrin-silica dots; PSDs) to enhance the treatment outcomes of cancer via PDT. These ultra-small PSDs, with a hydrodynamic diameter less than 7 nm, have an excellent aqueous solubility in water (porphyrin; TPPS3-NH2) and enhanced tumor accumulation therefore exhibiting enhanced fluorescence imaging-guided PDT in breast cancer cells. Besides ultra-small size, such PSDs also displayed an excellent biocompatibility and negligible dark cytotoxicity in vitro. Moreover, PSDs were also found to be stable in other physiological solutions as a function of time. The fluorescence imaging of porphyrin revealed a prolonged residence time of PSDs in tumor regions, reduced accumulation in vital organs, and rapid renal clearance upon intravenous injection. The in vivo study further revealed reduced tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing bulb mice after laser irradiation explaining the excellent photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of ultra-small PSDs. Thus, ultrasmall hydrophilic PSDs combined with excellent imaging-guided therapeutic abilities and renal clearance behavior represent a promising platform for cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Hameed
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Pravin Bhattarai
- CÚRAM-SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences, University of Galway Ireland
| | - Zhuoran Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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7
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Li H, Xiao W, Tian Z, Liu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. Reaction mechanism of nanomedicine based on porphyrin skeleton and its application prospects. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103236. [PMID: 36494023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on porphyrin-based photosensitizing drugs is becoming increasingly popular. They possess unique diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic effects that have gained wide recognition in oncology drug development. In recent years, the rapid growth of nanotechnology has brought great hope for nanopharmaceutical formulations. By combining porphyrins with various nanomaterials, people have improved the properties of porphyrin compounds, making drug delivery easier. Porphyrin-based nanoparticles can enhance the effect of photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment, providing opportunities for achieving complex targeting strategies and versatility with promising applications in drug carriers, tumor imaging, and treatment. This paper reviews recent porphyrin nanodrugs, including inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles, nanomicelles, self-assembled nanoparticles, and combination therapeutic nanodrugs, and their actions and effects on cancer cells when performing photodynamic therapy. It also discusses the drawbacks as well as the prospects for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wenli Xiao
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zejie Tian
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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8
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Liao M, Cui J, Yang M, Wei Z, Xie Y, Lu C. Photoinduced electron transfer in metalloporphyrins. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Liu Z, Li H, Tian Z, Liu X, Guo Y, He J, Wang Z, Zhou T, Liu Y. Porphyrin-Based Nanoparticles: A Promising Phototherapy Platform. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200156. [PMID: 35997087 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, is an emerging form of non-invasive treatment. The combination of imaging technology and phototherapy is becoming an attractive development in the treatment of cancer, as it allows for highly effective therapeutic results through image-guided phototherapy. Porphyrins have attracted significant interest in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer due to their excellent phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. However, porphyrins suffer from poor water solubility, low near-infrared absorption and insufficient tumor accumulation. The development of nanotechnology provides an effective way to improve the bioavailability, phototherapeutic effect and imaging capability of porphyrins. This review highlights the research results of porphyrin-based small molecule nanoparticles in phototherapy and image-guided phototherapy in the last decade and discusses the challenges and directions for the development of porphyrin-based small molecule nanoparticles in phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Zejie Tian
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Yin XB. Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks for All-in-One Theranostics with Controlled Drug Delivery and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26528-26535. [PMID: 35641317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-ligand metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) multiply the properties and improve the versatility of conventional MOFs for theranostic applications. A tumor targeting and tumoral microenvironment-responsive system is significant for specific and efficient cancer theranostics. Herein, we report a kind of versatile mixed-porphyrin ligand MOF as a multifunctional matrix for multimodality-imaging-guided synergistic therapy. Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) shows the properties of fluorescence (FL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), while Mn-TCPP owns magically the properties of T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and photothermal conversion for photothermal imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Because of the same coordination capacity and mode of TCPP and Mn-TCPP to Zr4+ ions, MOFs with adjustable ligand ratios were easily prepared. The mixed-ligand MOFs exhibited a high drug loading capacity for 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT, 65%). After modification with hyaluronic acid (HA) through a disulfide bond (-S-S-), the MOF-S-S-HA composites possess enhanced PDT and tumor-targeted redox-responsive drug release properties due to the -S-S- bond. Thus, excellent fluorescence, MR, and photothermal trimodality imaging, redox-responsive drug release, and enhanced PDT/PTT are integrated together in the mixed-ligand MOFs as "all-in-one" theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 201114, P. R. China
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bo Yin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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11
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Liang X, Chen M, Bhattarai P, Hameed S, Tang Y, Dai Z. Complementing Cancer Photodynamic Therapy with Ferroptosis through Iron Oxide Loaded Porphyrin-Grafted Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20164-20180. [PMID: 34898184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that combine multimodality imaging and therapeutic functions within a single nanoplatform have drawn extensive attention for molecular medicines and biological applications. Herein, we report a theranostic nanoplatform based on a relatively smaller (<20 nm) iron oxide loaded porphyrin-grafted lipid nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PGL NPs). The amphiphilic PGL easily self-assembled on the hydrophobic exterior surface of ultrasmall Fe3O4 NPs, resulting in a final ultrasmall Fe3O4@PGL NPs with diameter of ∼10 nm. The excellent self-assembling nature of the as-synthesized PGL NPs facilitated a higher loading of porphyrins, showed a negligible dark toxicity, and demonstrated an excellent photodynamic effect against HT-29 cancer cells in vitro. The in vivo experimental results further confirmed that Fe3O4@PGL NPs were ideally qualified for both the fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guided nanoplatforms to track the biodistribution and therapeutic responses of NPs as well as to simultaneously trigger the generation of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) necessary for excellent photodynamic therapy (PDT). After recording convincing therapeutic responses, we further evaluated the ability of Fe3O4@PGL NPs/Fe3O4@Lipid NPs for ferroptosis therapy (FT) via tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation for improved anticancer activity. We hypothesized that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could significantly improve the efficacy of FT by accelerating the Fenton reaction in vitro. In our results, the Fe ions released in vitro directly contributed to the Fenton reaction, whereas the presence of RAW 264.7 macrophages further accelerated the ROS generation as observed by the fluorescence imaging. The significant increase in the ROS during the coincubation of NPs, endocytosed by HT-29 cells and RAW264.7 cells, further induced increased cellular toxicity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Pravin Bhattarai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Biophotonics, Phutung Research Institute, Kathmandu 12335, Nepal
| | - Sadaf Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yida Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Geraldes CF, Castro MMC, Peters JA. Mn(III) porphyrins as potential MRI contrast agents for diagnosis and MRI-guided therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Silva LB, Castro KADF, Botteon CEA, Oliveira CLP, da Silva RS, Marcato PD. Hybrid Nanoparticles as an Efficient Porphyrin Delivery System for Cancer Cells to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:679128. [PMID: 34604182 PMCID: PMC8484888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.679128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential non-invasive approach for application in oncological diseases, based on the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by light at a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger the death tumor cells. In this context, porphyrins are interesting PS because they are robust, have high chemical, photo, thermal, and oxidative stability, and can generate singlet oxygen (1O2). However, porphyrins exhibit low solubility and a strong tendency to aggregate in a biological environment which limits their clinical application. To overcome these challenges, we developed hybrid nanostructures to immobilize 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(4-carboxyphenyl) thio-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl] (P), a new third-generation PS. The biological effect of this system was evaluated against bladder cancer (BC) cells with or without light exposition. The nanostructure composed of lipid carriers coated by porphyrin-chitosan (P-HNP), presented a size of ca. 130 nm and low polydispersity (ca. 0.25). The presence of the porphyrin-chitosan (P-chitosan) on lipid nanoparticle surfaces increased the nanoparticle size, changed the zeta potential to positive, decreased the recrystallization index, and increased the thermal stability of nanoparticles. Furthermore, P-chitosan incorporation on nanoparticles increased the stability and enhanced the self-organization of the system and the formation of spherical structures, as observed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. Furthermore, the immobilization process maintained the P photoactivity and improved the photophysical properties of PS, minimizing its aggregation in the cell culture medium. In the photoinduction assays, the P-HNP displayed high phototoxicity with IC50 3.2-folds lower than free porphyrin. This higher cytotoxic effect can be correlated to the high cellular uptake of porphyrin immobilized, as observed by confocal images. Moreover, the coated nanoparticles showed mucoadhesive properties interesting to its application in vivo. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles may be relevant to improve the porphyrin photodynamic activity in BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caroline E. A. Botteon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscyla D. Marcato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Lu HS, Wang MY, Ying FP, Lv YY. Manganese(III) porphyrin oligomers as high-relaxivity MRI contrast agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 35:116090. [PMID: 33639594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Manganese(III) porphyrins (MnIIIPs) as MRI contrast agents (CAs) have drawn particular attention due to their high longitudinal relaxivity (r1) and unique biodistribution. In this work, two MnIIIP-based oligomers, MnPD and MnPT, were designed to further improve the relaxivity with ease of synthesis. The two compounds were fully characterized and their nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles were acquired with a fast field cycling NMR relaxometer. Both of the compounds exhibited extended high molar r1 at high fields, higher than that of Gd-DTPA, the first clinical gadolinium(III)-based MRI CA. The r1 value of per manganese atom increased with the increasing number of MnIIIP building blocks, suggesting rotational correlation time (τR) played dominant role in the r1 dispersion. The toxicity of the two MnIIIPs and the imaging effectiveness were estimated in vitro and in vivo. With good biocompatibility, significant contrast enhancement, and complete excretion in 24 h, MnPD and MnPT are both promising for high field clinical applications. The applied strategy also potentially provided a facile approach for creation of more MnIIIP oligomer as efficient T1 MRI CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310015, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Meng-Yi Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Ying
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310015, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lv
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
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15
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Zhou J, Rao L, Yu G, Cook TR, Chen X, Huang F. Supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2839-2891. [PMID: 33524093 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the many challenges in medicine, the treatment and cure of cancer remains an outstanding goal given the complexity and diversity of the disease. Nanotheranostics, the integration of therapy and diagnosis in nanoformulations, is the next generation of personalized medicine to meet the challenges in precise cancer diagnosis, rational management and effective therapy, aiming to significantly increase the survival rate and improve the life quality of cancer patients. Different from most conventional platforms with unsatisfactory theranostic capabilities, supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics have unparalleled advantages in early-stage diagnosis and personal therapy, showing promising potential in clinical translations and applications. In this review, we summarize the progress of supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics and provide guidance for designing new targeted supramolecular theranostic agents. Based on extensive state-of-the-art research, our review will provide the existing and new researchers a foundation from which to advance supramolecular cancer nanotheranostics and promote translationally clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Yang H, Liu R, Xu Y, Qian L, Dai Z. Photosensitizer Nanoparticles Boost Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:35. [PMID: 34138222 PMCID: PMC8187547 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer (PCa) have a poor prognosis apart from the few suitable for surgery. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality whose efficacy and safety in treating unresectable localized PCa have been corroborated in clinic. Yet, it suffers from certain limitations during clinical exploitation, including insufficient photosensitizers (PSs) delivery, tumor-oxygenation dependency, and treatment escape of aggressive tumors. To overcome these obstacles, an increasing number of researchers are currently on a quest to develop photosensitizer nanoparticles (NPs) by the use of a variety of nanocarrier systems to improve cellular uptake and biodistribution of photosensitizers. Encapsulation of PSs with NPs endows them significantly higher accumulation within PCa tumors due to the increased solubility and stability in blood circulation. A number of approaches have been explored to produce NPs co-delivering multi-agents affording PDT-based synergistic therapies for improved response rates and durability of response after treatment. This review provides an overview of available data regarding the design, methodology, and oncological outcome of the innovative NPs-based PDT of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfa Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Abad Galán L, Hamon N, Nguyen C, Molnár E, Kiss J, Mendy J, Hadj-Kaddour K, Onofre M, Trencsényi G, Monnereau C, Beyler M, Tircsó G, Gary-Bobo M, Maury O, Tripier R. Design of polyazamacrocyclic Gd3+ theranostic agents combining magnetic resonance imaging and two-photon photodynamic therapy. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
New “all-in-one” theranostic systems, combining a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent with a biphotonic photodynamic therapy photosensitiser generating cytotoxic singlet oxygen, were successfully developed and characterized.
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18
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Liang X, Chen M, Bhattarai P, Hameed S, Dai Z. Perfluorocarbon@Porphyrin Nanoparticles for Tumor Hypoxia Relief to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy against Liver Metastasis of Colon Cancer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13569-13583. [PMID: 32915537 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows great promise for the treatment of colon cancer. However, practically, it is a great challenge to use a nanocarrier for the codelivery of both the photosensitizer and oxygen to improve PDT against PDT-induced hypoxia, which is closely related to tumor metastasis. Hence, an effective strategy was proposed to develop an oxygen self-supplemented PDT nanocarrier based on the ultrasonic dispersion of perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) liquid into the preformed porphyrin grafted lipid (PGL) nanoparticles (NPs) with high porphyrin loading content of 38.5%, followed by entrapping oxygen. Interestingly, the orderly arranging mode of porphyrins and alkyl chains in PGL NPs not only guarantees a high efficacy of singlet oxygen generation but also reduces fluorescence loss of porphyrins to enable PGL NPs to be highly fluorescent. More importantly, PFOB liquid was stabilized inside PGL NPs with an ultrahigh loading content of 98.15% due to the strong hydrophobic interaction between PGL and PFOB molecules, facilitating efficient oxygen delivery. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the obtained O2@PFOB@PGL NPs could act as a prominent oxygen reservoir and effectively replenish oxygen into the hypoxic tumors with no need for external stimulation, conducive to augmented singlet oxygen generation, hypoxia relief, and subsequent downregulation of COX-2 expression. As a result, the use of O2@PFOB@PGL NPs for hypoxia relief dramatically inhibits tumor growth and liver metastasis in an HT-29 colon cancer mouse model. In addition, the O2@PFOB@PGL NPs could serve as a bimodal contrast agent to enhance fluorescence and CT imaging, visualizing nanoparticle accumulation to guide the subsequent laser irradiation for precise PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pravin Bhattarai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sadaf Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Zhang H, Esquivel Guzman JA, Feng X, Rivera E, Lavertu M, Zhu X. Protoporphyrin IX copolymer with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and its thermoresponsive properties. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and their derivatives have been widely used in catalysis, energy conversion, photonics, and biomedicine; however, their use in biological applications is restricted by their limited solubility in aqueous systems. We have prepared a water-soluble copolymer containing moieties of naturally occurring protoporphyrin IX using direct copolymerization of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) methacrylate monomer with protoporphyrin IX via free-radical polymerization. The content of protoporphyrin IX in the copolymer was determined by 1H NMR and UV–vis absorption spectroscopies. Their solution properties and the photostability of the protoporphyrin IX moiety in the copolymer provide direct evidence of the covalent incorporation of protoporphyrin IX within the copolymer. The copolymer showed a reversible phase transition in aqueous solution due to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The phase transition temperature varies with the pH of the solutions because of the protonation of the carboxylic acid groups. This copolymer may be useful as an alternative thermoresponsive material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Xiantao Feng
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Département de génie chimique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - X.X. Zhu
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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20
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Zhang Q, He J, Yu W, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhou B, Liu Y. A promising anticancer drug: a photosensitizer based on the porphyrin skeleton. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:427-437. [PMID: 33479647 PMCID: PMC7460723 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive combination of treatments that treat tumors and other diseases by using photosensitizers, light and oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Photosensitizers are the key part of PDT for clinical application and experimental research, and most of them are porphyrin compounds at present. Due to their unique affinity for tumor tissues, porphyrins are not only excellent photosensitizers, but also good carriers to transport other active drugs into tumor tissues, which can exert synergistic anticancer effects of PDT and chemotherapy. This article reviews the clinical development of porphyrin photosensitizers and the research status of porphyrin containing bioactive groups. Finally, future perspectives and the current challenges of photosensitizers based on the porphyrin skeleton are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China .
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research , 28 Western Changshen Road , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
| | - Wenmei Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China .
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research , 28 Western Changshen Road , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China .
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research , 28 Western Changshen Road , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China .
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research , 28 Western Changshen Road , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
| | - Binning Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China .
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research , 28 Western Changshen Road , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology , Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study , University of South China , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China .
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research , 28 Western Changshen Road , Hengyang City , Hunan Province 421001 , P.R. China
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21
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Rabiee N, Yaraki MT, Garakani SM, Garakani SM, Ahmadi S, Lajevardi A, Bagherzadeh M, Rabiee M, Tayebi L, Tahriri M, Hamblin MR. Recent advances in porphyrin-based nanocomposites for effective targeted imaging and therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119707. [PMID: 31874428 PMCID: PMC7008091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are organic compounds that continue to attract much theoretical interest, and have been called the "pigments of life". They have a wide role in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, along with uses in magnetic resonance, fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. There is a vast range of porphyrins that have been isolated or designed, but few of them have real clinical applications. Due to the hydrophobic properties of porphyrins, and their tendency to aggregate by stacking of the planar molecules they are difficult to work with in aqueous media. Therefore encapsulating them in nanoparticles (NPs) or attachment to various delivery vehicles have been used to improve delivery characteristics. Porphyrins can be used in a composite designed material with properties that allow specific targeting, immune tolerance, extended tissue lifetime and improved hydrophilicity. Drug delivery, healing and repairing of damaged organs, and cancer theranostics are some of the medical uses of porphyrin-based nanocomposites covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aseman Lajevardi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Tahriri
- Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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22
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Quaglino E, Conti L, Cavallo F. Breast cancer stem cell antigens as targets for immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101386. [PMID: 31932198 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The great success of immunotherapy is paving the way for a new era in cancer treatment and is driving major improvements in the therapy of patients suffering from a range of solid tumors. However, the choice of the appropriate tumor antigens to be targeted with cancer vaccines and T-cell therapies is still a challenge. Most antigens targeted so far have been identified on the tumor bulk and are expressed on differentiated cancer cells. The discovery of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC), which is refractory to most current therapies and responsible for the development of metastasis and recurrence, has made it clear that the ideal targets for immunotherapies are the antigens that are expressed in CSC and play a key role in their function. Indeed, their immunotargeting would enable the eradication of CSC to be performed, thus eliminating the tumor source. We call these antigens "CSC oncoantigens". Herein, we summarize the controversial nature of breast CSC, discuss why they represent good candidates for cancer immunotherapy, and review the CSC antigens that have been used as targets for CSC immunotargeting this far. Moreover, we describe the pipeline that we have developed for the identification of fresh CSC oncoantigens, and present the pre-clinical results obtained with vaccines that target some of these antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Sivakumar PM, Islami M, Zarrabi A, Khosravi A, Peimanfard S. Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:1340-1351. [PMID: 31746307 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. CONCLUSION The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam M Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Matin Islami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Orta Mah., 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr/Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shohreh Peimanfard
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhou H, Xia L, Zhong J, Xiong S, Yi X, Chen L, Zhu R, Shi Q, Yang K. Plant-derived chlorophyll derivative loaded liposomes for tri-model imaging guided photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19823-19831. [PMID: 31633141 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived chlorophyll derivatives with a porphyrin ring structure and intrinsic photosynthesis have been widely used in biomedicine for cancer theranostics. Owing to their poor water solubility, chlorophyll derivatives are very difficult to use in biomedical applications. In this work, pyropheophorbide acid (PPa) (liposome/PPa) nanoparticles, a liposome-encapsulated chlorophyll derivative, are designed for tri-model imaging guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The obtained liposome/PPa nanoparticles significantly enhance the water solubility of PPa, prolong blood circulation and optimize the bio-distribution in mice after intravenous injection. Utilizing their intrinsic fluorescence, high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and extra radiolabeling, liposome/PPa nanoparticles could be used as excellent contrast agents for multimodal imaging including fluorescence (FL) imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging and SPECT/CT imaging. Under 690 nm laser irradiation at a low power density, liposome/PPa nanoparticles significantly inhibit tumor growth, further demonstrating the therapeutic efficiency of PDT using PPa. Therefore, our work developed liposome/PPa nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoagents for multimodal imaging guided PDT of cancer. This will further prompt the clinical applications of PPa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhou
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Lu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Saisai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Quanliang Shi
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Sun S, Sun S, Sun Y, Wang P, Zhang J, Du W, Wang S, Liang X. Bubble-Manipulated Local Drug Release from a Smart Thermosensitive Cerasome for Dual-Mode Imaging Guided Tumor Chemo-Photothermal Therapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:8138-8154. [PMID: 31754386 PMCID: PMC6857040 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive liposomes have demonstrated great potential for tumor-specific chemotherapy. Near infrared (NIR) dyes loaded liposomes have also shown improved photothermal effect in cancer theranostics. However, the instability of liposomes often causes premature release of drugs or dyes, impeding their antitumor efficacy. Herein, we fabricated a highly stable thermo-responsive bubble-generating liposomal nanohybrid cerasome with a silicate framework, combined with a NIR dye to achieve NIR light stimulated, tumor-specific, chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy. Methods: In this system, NIR dye of 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'- Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) with long carbon chains was self-assembled with a cerasome-forming lipid (CFL) to encapsulate ammonium bicarbonate (ABC), which was further used for actively loading doxorubicin (DOX), affording a thermosensitive and photosensitive DOX-DiR@cerasome (ABC). Results: The resulting cerasome could disperse well in different media. Upon NIR light mediated thermal effect, ABC was decomposed to generate CO2 bubbles, resulting in a permeable channel in the cerasome bilayer that significantly enhanced DOX release. After intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, DOX-DiR@cerasome (ABC) could be efficiently accumulated at the tumor tissue, as monitored by DiR fluorescence, lasting for more than 5 days. NIR light irradiation was then performed at 36h to locally heat the tumors, resulting in immediate CO2 bubble generation, which could be clearly detected by ultrasound imaging, facilitating the monitoring process of controlled release of the drug. Significant antitumor efficacy could be obtained for the DOX-DiR@cerasome (ABC) + laser group, which was further confirmed by tumor tissue histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang C, Li J, Yang C, Gong S, Jiang H, Sun M, Qian C. A pH-sensitive coordination polymer network-based nanoplatform for magnetic resonance imaging-guided cancer chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 23:102071. [PMID: 31442581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing various kinds of nanoplatforms with integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions would be significant for imaging-guided precision treatment of cancer. However, it is still a challenge to organically integrate therapeutic and imaging components into a single nano-system rather than simply mixing. Herein, an iron-gallic acid network-based nanoparticle (Fe-GA@PEG-PLGA) was designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of tumors. The tumor spatial location and size information can be accurately achieved due to T1 MRI based on Fe3+ coordination with GA in Fe-GA network. Furthermore, the nanoparticle exhibited extraordinary photostability and photothermal therapy capacity exceeded 42 °C within 100 s under 808 nm laser irradiation. Meanwhile, the Fe-GA polymeric network can be disassembled in tumor acidic environment and the released drug GA can induce apoptosis. This study demonstrated that the Fe-GA network-based nanoparticle is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic agent for theranostic application and further clinic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Siman Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Chenggen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Chen M, Liang X, Dai Z. Manganese(iii)-chelated porphyrin microbubbles for enhanced ultrasound/MR bimodal tumor imaging through ultrasound-mediated micro-to-nano conversion. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10178-10182. [PMID: 31111845 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01373c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manganese(iii)-chelated porphyrin microbubbles (MnP-MBs) were fabricated by self-assembly from a Mn-chelated porphyrin lipid followed by encapsulating perfluoropropane-an inert gas. The obtained MnP-MBs exhibited enhanced ultrasound imaging ability after intravenous injection. Under the guidance of ultrasound imaging, MnP-MBs could be converted into nanoparticles in situ with local tumor ultrasound disruption, achieving rapid tumor MRI contrast enhancement within 30 min at a very low Mn injection dose of 0.09 mg (1.65 μmol) per kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
As unique molecules with both therapeutic and diagnostic properties, porphyrin derivatives have been extensively employed for cancer treatment. Porphyrins not only show powerful phototherapeutic effects (photodynamic and photothermal therapies), but also exhibit excellent imaging capacities, such as near-infrared fluorescent imaging (NIRFI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In order to take advantage of their robust phototherapeutic effects and excellent imaging capacities, porphyrins can be used to create nanomedicines with effective therapeutic and precise diagnostic properties for cancer treatment. In this Review, we summarize porphyrin-based nanomedicines which have been developed recently, including porphyrin-based liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, peptide nanoparticles, and small-molecule nanoassemblies, and their applications on cancer therapy and diagnosis. The outlook and limitation of porphyrin-based nanomedicines are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States
| | - Aaron Lindstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California Davis , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States
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Abstract
Theranostic approaches using nanotechnology have been a hot research area for the past decade. All nano drug delivery techniques and architectures have some limitations, as do diagnostic nano-approaches. Thus, combining nano drug delivery strategies with diagnostic techniques using nanoparticles for improving imaging modalities has been the key to fill up those gaps. In the past decade, lots of approaches have been made with different combinations of biomaterials fabricated/synthesized to nanostructures with modified surface functionalization to improve their overall theranostic properties. This article summarizes recent research works based on the biomaterials used for fabricating these nanostructures. Their combinations with other biomaterials have been demonstrated with their overall advantages and limitations.
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Li C, Wang X, Song H, Deng S, Li W, Li J, Sun J. Current multifunctional albumin-based nanoplatforms for cancer multi-mode therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 15:1-12. [PMID: 32175014 PMCID: PMC7066042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has been widely applied for rational design of drug delivery complexes as natural carriers in cancer therapy due to its distinct advantages of biocompatibility, abundance, low toxicity and versatile property. Hence, various types of multifunctional albumin-based nanoplatforms (MAlb-NPs) that adopt multiple imaging and therapeutic techniques have been developed for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli-responsive release, including reduction-sensitive, pH-responsive, concentration-dependent and photodynamic-triggered, is important to achieve low-toxicity cancer therapy. Several types of imaging techniques can synergistically improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Therefore, combinational theranostic is considered to be a prospective strategy to improve treatment efficiency, minimize side effects and reduce drug resistance, which has received tremendous attentions in recent years. In this review, we highlight several stimuli-responsive albumin nanoplatforms for combinational theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
- Corresponding authors: Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. Tel.: +86 24 23986325.
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors: Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. Tel.: +86 24 23986325.
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Nascimento BFO, Pereira NAM, Valente AJM, Pinho E Melo TMVD, Pineiro M. A Review on (Hydro)Porphyrin-Loaded Polymer Micelles: Interesting and Valuable Platforms for Enhanced Cancer Nanotheranostics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E81. [PMID: 30769938 PMCID: PMC6410025 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrins are known therapeutic agents for photodynamic therapy of cancer and also imaging agents for NIR fluorescence imaging, MRI, or PET. A combination of interesting features makes tetrapyrrolic macrocycles suitable for use as theranostic agents whose full potential can be achieved using nanocarriers. This review provides an overview on nanotheranostic agents based on polymeric micelles and porphyrins developed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F O Nascimento
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nelson A M Pereira
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Artur J M Valente
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Shao S, Rajendiran V, Lovell JF. Metalloporphyrin Nanoparticles: Coordinating Diverse Theranostic Functions. Coord Chem Rev 2019; 379:99-120. [PMID: 30559508 PMCID: PMC6294123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins serve key roles in natural biological processes and also have demonstrated utility for biomedical applications. They can be encapsulated or grafted in conventional nanoparticles or can self-assemble themselves at the nanoscale. A wide range of metals can be stably chelated either before or after porphyrin nanoparticle formation, without the necessity of any additional chelator chemistry. The addition of metals can substantially alter a range of behaviors such as modulating phototherapeutic efficacy; conferring responsiveness to biological stimuli; or providing contrast for magnetic resonance, positron emission or surface enhanced Raman imaging. Chelated metals can also provide a convenient handle for bioconjugation with other molecules via axial coordination. This review provides an overview of some recent biomedical, nanoparticulate approaches involving gain-of-function metalloporphyrins and related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Venugopal Rajendiran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610 005, India
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Massiot J, Rosilio V, Makky A. Photo-triggerable liposomal drug delivery systems: from simple porphyrin insertion in the lipid bilayer towards supramolecular assemblies of lipid–porphyrin conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1805-1823. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Light-responsive liposomes are considered nowadays as one of the most promising nanoparticulate systems for the delivery and release of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a spatio-temporal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Massiot
- Institut Galien Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Véronique Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
| | - Ali Makky
- Institut Galien Paris Sud
- Univ Paris-Sud
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
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Hameed S, Bhattarai P, Liang X, Zhang N, Xu Y, Chen M, Dai Z. Self-assembly of porphyrin-grafted lipid into nanoparticles encapsulating doxorubicin for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging. Theranostics 2018; 8:5501-5518. [PMID: 30555560 PMCID: PMC6276084 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited clinical efficacy of monotherapies in the clinic has urged the development of novel combination platforms. Taking advantage of light-triggered photodynamic treatment combined together with the controlled release of nanomedicine, it has been possible to treat cancer without eliciting any adverse effects. However, the challenges imposed by limited drug loading capacity and complex synthesis process of organic nanoparticles (NPs) have seriously impeded advances in chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. In this experiment, we utilize our previously synthesized porphyrin-grafted lipid (PGL) NPs to load highly effective chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX) for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy. Methods: A relatively simple and inexpensive rapid injection method was used to prepare porphyrin-grafted lipid (PGL) NPs. The self-assembled PGL NPs were used further to encapsulate DOX via a pH-gradient loading protocol. The self-assembled liposome-like PGL NPs having a hydrophilic core were optimized to load DOX at an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of ~99%. The resultant PGL-DOX NPs were intact, highly stable and importantly these NPs successfully escaped from the endo-lysosomal compartment after laser irradiation to release DOX in the cytosol. The therapeutic efficacy of the aforementioned formulation was validated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: PGL-DOX NPs demonstrated excellent cellular uptake, chemo-photodynamic response, and fluorescence imaging ability in different cell lines. Under laser irradiation, cells treated with a low molar concentration of PGL-DOX NPs reduced cell viability significantly. Moreover, in vivo experiments conducted in a xenograft mouse model further demonstrated the excellent tumor accumulation capability of PGL-DOX NPs driven by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Through fluorescence imaging, the biodistribution of PGL-DOX NPs in tumor and major organs was also easily monitored in real time in vivo. The inherent ability of porphyrin to generate ROS under laser irradiation combined with the cytotoxic effect of the anticancer drug DOX significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, the PGL-DOX NPs combined chemo-photodynamic nanoplatform may serve as a potential candidate for cancer theranostics.
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Lamch Ł, Pucek A, Kulbacka J, Chudy M, Jastrzębska E, Tokarska K, Bułka M, Brzózka Z, Wilk KA. Recent progress in the engineering of multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 261:62-81. [PMID: 30262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This up-to-date review summarizes the design and current fabrication strategies that have been employed in the area of mono- and multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles - nanocarriers well suited for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and diagnostic purposes. Rationally engineered photosensitizer (PS)-loaded nanoparticles may be achieved via either noncovalent (i.e., self-aggregation, interfacial deposition, interfacial polymerization, or core-shell entrapment along with physical adsorption) or covalent (chemical immobilization or conjugation) processes. These PS loading approaches should provide chemical and physical stability to PS payloads. Their hydrophilic surfaces, capable of appreciable surface interactions with biological systems, can be further modified using functional groups (stealth effect) to achieve prolonged circulation in the body after administration and/or grafted by targeting agents (such as ligands, which bind to specific receptors uniquely expressed on the cell surface) or stimuli (e.g., pH, temperature, and light)-responsive moieties to improve their action and targeting efficiency. These attempts may in principle permit efficacious PDT, combination therapies, molecular diagnosis, and - in the case of nanotheranostics - simultaneous monitoring and treatment. Nanophotosensitizers (nano-PSs) should possess appropriate morphologies, sizes, unimodal distributions and surface processes to be successfully delivered to the place of action after systemic administration and should be accumulated in certain tumors by passive and/or active targeting. Additionally, physically facilitating drug delivery systems emerge as a promising approach to enhancing drug delivery, especially for the non-invasive treatment of deep-seated malignant tissues. Recent advances in nano-PSs are scrutinized, with an emphasis on design principles, via the promising use of colloid chemistry and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Pucek
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Wrocław, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Chudy
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tokarska
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bułka
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Sun S, Xu Y, Fu P, Chen M, Sun S, Zhao R, Wang J, Liang X, Wang S. Ultrasound-targeted photodynamic and gene dual therapy for effectively inhibiting triple negative breast cancer by cationic porphyrin lipid microbubbles loaded with HIF1α-siRNA. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19945-19956. [PMID: 30346453 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is a kind of aggressive breast cancer, has a much higher recurrence rate and a shorter overall survival rate than other breast cancer subtypes owing to its lack of expression of the progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2. For improving the therapeutic efficacy of TNBC, we developed a new kind of multifunctional cationic porphyrin-grafted lipid (CPGL) microbubble loaded with HIF 1α siRNA (siHIF@CpMB). Owing to the amphiphilic structure of CPGL, it can be self-assembled into microbubbles (MBs) with conventional lipids and the porphyrin group could be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), while the amino group could adsorb HIF 1α siRNA (siHIF) through electrostatic adsorption. Such MBs possess a remarkably high drug loading content and less premature drug release. Distribution of MBs could be easily monitored by real-time US imaging (3-12 MHz). Furthermore, with the assistance of ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), siHIF@CpMBs could be efficiently converted into nanoparticles in situ, facilitating the accumulation of porphyrin and siRNA at the tumor site through the cavitation effect. HIF 1α siRNA down-regulated the HIF 1α level, which was induced by the common hypoxic tumor environment or the ROS (generated by PDT), enhanced the PDT efficacy and partly inhibited the tumor progression. Therefore, UTMD assisted combination of PDT and gene therapy was believed to be an effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Sun
- Ordos Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China.
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Chen M, Xie W, Li D, Zebibula A, Wang Y, Qian J, Qin A, Tang BZ. Utilizing a Pyrazine-Containing Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen as an Efficient Photosensitizer for Imaging-Guided Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2018; 24:16603-16608. [PMID: 30178898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics has aroused tremendous interest, because it could combine efficient bioimaging with precise photodynamic therapy, which would thus dramatically promote applications in biomedical treatment. Among various AIE luminogens (AIEgens), heterocycle-containing molecules are highly promising for this usage because of their high photostability and tunable electronic properties. In this work, a pyrazine-containing AIEgen with a dicyanopyrazine moiety as an electron acceptor and a triphenylamine unit as an electron donor was chosen for study. The V-shaped donor-π-acceptor-π-donor structure of the AIEgen endowed its nanoparticles with excellent nonlinear optical properties for two-photon cell imaging under near-infrared laser excitation. Also, under the same excitation, the nanoparticles could produce reactive oxygen species and further kill the cells efficiently and accurately. The present work thus presents a pyrazine-containing AIEgen as a new photosensitizer for imaging-guided two-photon photodynamic therapy and gives more opportunities for deep-tissue treatment of cancer in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering, Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science, and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Weisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for, Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Joint Research Laboratory of Optics, of Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for, Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Joint Research Laboratory of Optics, of Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Abudureheman Zebibula
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for, Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Joint Research Laboratory of Optics, of Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.,Department of Urology Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yalun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for, Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Joint Research Laboratory of Optics, of Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.,College of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for, Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Joint Research Laboratory of Optics, of Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Anjun Qin
- NSFC Center for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of, Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of, Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering, Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science, and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,NSFC Center for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of, Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of, Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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A novel nanocomposite based on fluorescent turn-on gold nanostars for near-infrared photothermal therapy and self-theranostic caspase-3 imaging of glioblastoma tumor cell. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:303-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen M, Liang X, Gao C, Zhao R, Zhang N, Wang S, Chen W, Zhao B, Wang J, Dai Z. Ultrasound Triggered Conversion of Porphyrin/Camptothecin-Fluoroxyuridine Triad Microbubbles into Nanoparticles Overcomes Multidrug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7312-7326. [PMID: 29901986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance remains one of the main obstacles to efficient chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. Herein, an efficient combination therapeutic strategy is proposed based on porphyrin/camptothecin-floxuridine triad microbubbles (PCF-MBs) with high drug loading contents, which own highly stable co-delivery drug combinations and no premature release. The triad PCF-MBs can act not only as a contrast agent for ultrasound (US)/fluorescence bimodal imaging but also a multimodal therapeutic agent for synergistic chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. Upon local ultrasound exposure under the guidance of ultrasound imaging, in situ conversion of PCF-MBs into porphyrin/camptothecin-floxuridine nanoparticles (PCF-NPs) leads to high accumulation of chemo-drugs and photosensitizer in tumors due to the induced high permeability of the capillary wall and cell membrane temporarily via sonoporation effect, greatly reducing the risk of systemic exposure. Most importantly, it was found that the PCF-MB-mediated photodynamic therapy could significantly reduce the expression of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), which is responsible for the drug resistance in chemotherapy, resulting in a prominent intracellular camptothecin increase. In vivo experiments revealed that the PCF-MBs in combination with ultrasound and laser irradiation could achieve a 90% tumor inhibition rate of HT-29 cancer with no recurrence. Therefore, such triad PCF-MB-based combination therapeutic strategy shows great promise for overcoming drug resistance of colorectal cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nisi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
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Alea-Reyes ME, Penon O, García Calavia P, Marín MJ, Russell DA, Pérez-García L. Synthesis and in vitro phototoxicity of multifunctional Zn(II)meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin-coated gold nanoparticles assembled via axial coordination with imidazole ligands. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 521:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhou P, Zhao H, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Wang J, Deng G, Wang X, Liu Q, Yang H, Yang S. Photoacoustic-Enabled Self-Guidance in Magnetic-Hyperthermia Fe@Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles for Theranostics In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701201. [PMID: 29356419 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have gained much interest for theranostics benefited from their intrinsic integration of imaging and therapeutic abilities. Herein, c(RGDyK) peptide PEGylated Fe@Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (RGD-PEG-MNPs) are developed for photoacoustic (PA)-enabled self-guidance in tumor-targeting magnetic hyperthermia therapy in vivo. In the αv β3 -positive U87MG glioblastoma xenograft model, the PA signal of RGD-PEG-MNPs reaches its maximum in the tumor at 6 h after intravenous administration. This signal is enhanced by 2.2-folds compared to that of the preinjection and is also 2.2 times higher than that in the blocking group. It demonstrates the excellent targeting property of RGD-PEG-MNPs. With the guidance of the PA, an effective magnetic hyperthermia to tumor is achieved using RGD-PEG-MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Heng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Quan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Guang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Xiyou Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials; and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
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Yang ZL, Tian W, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang YL, Tian Y, Tang YX, Wang SJ, Liu Y, Ni QQ, Lu GM, Teng ZG, Zhang LJ. Oxygen-Evolving Mesoporous Organosilica Coated Prussian Blue Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700847. [PMID: 29876209 PMCID: PMC5980201 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) plays a critical role during photodynamic therapy (PDT), however, hypoxia is quite common in most solid tumors, which limits the PDT efficacy and promotes the tumor aggression. Here, a safe and multifunctional oxygen-evolving nanoplatform is costructured to overcome this problem. It is composed of a prussian blue (PB) core and chlorin e6 (Ce6) anchored periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) shell (denoted as PB@PMO-Ce6). In the highly integrated nanoplatform, the PB with catalase-like activity can catalyze hydrogen peroxide to generate O2, and the Ce6 transform the O2 to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon laser irradiation for PDT. This PB@PMO-Ce6 nanoplatform presents well-defined core-shell structure, uniform diameter (105 ± 12 nm), and high biocompatibility. This study confirms that the PB@PMO-Ce6 nanoplatform can generate more ROS to enhance PDT than free Ce6 in cellular level (p < 0.001). In vivo, the singlet oxygen sensor green staining, tumor volume of tumor-bearing mice, and histopathological analysis demonstrate that this oxygen-evolving nanoplatform can elevate singlet oxygen to effectively inhibit tumor growth without obvious damage to major organs. The preliminary results from this study indicate the potential of biocompatible PB@PMO-Ce6 nanoplatform to elevate O2 and ROS for improving PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu Yang
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Interventional RadiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030HubeiP. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Yun Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Yu Xia Tang
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Shou Ju Wang
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qian Qian Ni
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University210093NanjingP. R. China
| | - Zhao Gang Teng
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University210093NanjingP. R. China
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical ImagingJinling HospitalSchool of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing210002JiangsuP. R. China
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Ding Z, Liu P, Hu D, Sheng Z, Yi H, Gao G, Wu Y, Zhang P, Ling S, Cai L. Redox-responsive dextran based theranostic nanoparticles for near-infrared/magnetic resonance imaging and magnetically targeted photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:762-771. [PMID: 28256661 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a site-specific treatment of cancer using much lower optical power densities with minimal nonspecific damage to normal tissues. To improve the therapeutic efficiency of PDT, we fabricated a multifunctional theranostic nanoparticle system (DSSCe6@Fe3O4 NPs) by loading Fe3O4 nanoparticles in redox-responsive chlorin e6 (Ce6)-conjugated dextran nanoparticles for near-infrared (NIR)/magnetic resonance (MR) dual-modality imaging and magnetic targeting. The obtained DSSCe6@Fe3O4 NPs demonstrated a uniform nanospherical morphology consisting of Fe3O4 clusters. The fluorescence signal of Ce6 of this theranostic system could turn "ON" from a self-quenching state in a reductive intracellular environment. T2-Weighted MR imaging revealed a high transverse relaxivity (r2) measured to be 194.4 S-1 mM-1, confirming that it was also a distinctive contrast agent in T2-weighted MR imaging. Confocal images and flow cytometry results showed that the cellular uptake of DSSCe6@Fe3O4 NPs was enhanced effectively under an extra magnetic field, which resulted in promoted PDT therapeutic efficiency. In vivo MR imaging showed that DSSCe6@Fe3O4 NPs effectively accumulated in tumors under an extra magnetic field. These results illustrated that the DSSCe6@Fe3O4 NPs could be a promising theranostic system for both NIR/MR imaging-guided PDT precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. and Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science & Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 117576, Singapore
| | - Dehong Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Huqiang Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Yayun Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Shaozhi Ling
- General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
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You Y, Liang X, Yin T, Chen M, Qiu C, Gao C, Wang X, Mao Y, Qu E, Dai Z, Zheng R. Porphyrin-grafted Lipid Microbubbles for the Enhanced Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Prostate Cancer through Ultrasound-controlled In Situ Accumulation. Theranostics 2018; 8:1665-1677. [PMID: 29556348 PMCID: PMC5858174 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise for focal therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the therapeutic efficacy needs improvement, and further development of PDT for PCa has challenges, including uncertainty of photosensitizers (PSs) accumulation at the tumor site and difficulty in visualizing lesions using conventional ultrasound (US) imaging. We have developed novel porphyrin-grafted lipid (PGL) microbubbles (MBs; PGL-MBs) and propose a strategy to integrate PGL-MBs with US imaging to address these limitations and enhance PDT efficacy. METHODS PGL-MBs have two functions: imaging guidance by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and targeted delivery of PSs by ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). PGL-MBs were prepared and characterized before and after low-frequency US (LFUS) exposure. Then, in vitro studies validated the efficacy of PDT with PGL-MBs in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. PC3-xenografted nude mice were used to validate CEUS imaging, accumulation at the tumor site, and in vivo PDT efficacy. RESULTS PGL-MBs showed good contrast enhancement for US imaging and were converted into nanoparticles upon LFUS exposure. The resulting uniquely structured nanoparticles avoided porphyrin fluorescence quenching and efficiently accumulated at the tumor site through the sonoporation effect created with the assistance of US to achieve excellent PDT efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first preclinical investigation of MBs applied in PDT for PCa. PGL-MBs possess favorable CEUS imaging effects to enhance the localization of tumors. PGL-MBs with LFUS control PS accumulation at the tumor site to achieve highly effective PDT of PCa. This strategy carries enormous clinical potential for PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia You
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tinghui Yin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Enze Qu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Tong H, Du J, Li H, Jin Q, Wang Y, Ji J. Programmed photosensitizer conjugated supramolecular nanocarriers with dual targeting ability for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11935-11938. [PMID: 27711433 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A programmed supramolecular nanocarrier was developed for multistage targeted photodynamic therapy. This smart nanocarrier exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and controlled mitochondria targeting, as well as an excellent photodynamic therapeutic effect after light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Jianwei Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Youxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Majumder M, Goswami T, Misra A. Multifunctional Magnetic Materials of Organic Origin for Biomedical Applications: A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Majumder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal India
| | - Tamal Goswami
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal India
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal India
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Manivasagan P, Bharathiraja S, Santha Moorthy M, Mondal S, Seo H, Dae Lee K, Oh J. Marine natural pigments as potential sources for therapeutic applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:745-761. [PMID: 29124966 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1398713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, marine natural pigments have emerged as a powerful alternative in the various fields of food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries because of their excellent biocompatibility, bioavailability, safety, and stability. Marine organisms are recognized as a rich source of natural pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins. Numerous studies have shown that marine natural pigments have considerable medicinal potential and promising applications in human health. In this review, we summarize the marine natural pigments as potential sources for therapeutic applications, including: antioxidant, anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory activities, drug delivery, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and wound healing. Marine natural pigments will offer a better platform for future theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- a Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Subramaniyan Bharathiraja
- a Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Madhappan Santha Moorthy
- a Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Sudip Mondal
- a Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Hansu Seo
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus) , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Dae Lee
- c Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- a Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus) , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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48
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Gu X, Kwok RT, Lam JW, Tang BZ. AIEgens for biological process monitoring and disease theranostics. Biomaterials 2017; 146:115-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Kiselev AN, Grigorova OK, Averin AD, Syrbu SA, Koifman OI, Beletskaya IP. Direct catalytic arylation of heteroarenes with meso-bromophenyl-substituted porphyrins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1524-1532. [PMID: 28845197 PMCID: PMC5550796 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The arylation of mono-, di- and tetra-meso-bromophenyl-substituted porphyrins with the heteroarenes containing "acidic" C-H bonds, such as benzoxazole, benzothiazole and N-methylimidazole was studied in the presence of three alternative catalytic systems: Pd(dba)2/DavePhos/Cs2CO3, Pd(PPh3)4/PivOH/K2CO3 and Pd(OAc)2/Cu(OAc)2/PPh3/K2CO3. The first catalytic system was found to be successful in the reaction with benzoxazole, the second one was less efficient for our purpose, while the third system proved to be most versatile and afforded corresponding mono-, di-, tri- and even tetraarylated derivatives of porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei Dmitrievich Averin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Oskar Iosifovich Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetyevskii prosp., Ivanovo, 153000, Russia
| | - Irina Petrovna Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Ibrahimova V, Denisov SA, Vanvarenberg K, Verwilst P, Préat V, Guigner JM, McClenaghan ND, Lecommandoux S, Fustin CA. Photosensitizer localization in amphiphilic block copolymers controls photodynamic therapy efficacy. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11180-11186. [PMID: 28749509 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04403h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Localization of the photosensitizer conjugation site in amphiphilic block copolymers is shown to have a great impact on photodynamic therapy efficiency. To this end, an asymmetric multifunctional derivative of the azadipyrromethene boron difluoride chelate (aza-BODIPY) was synthesized and inserted at specific locations in polypeptide-based rod-coil amphiphilic block copolymers. A study of the photophysical properties of the vesicle nanocarriers, obtained by self-assembly of these copolymers, as well as in vitro tests on two cancer cell lines were performed. This study aims at providing guidelines for the optimization of the synthetic design of therapeutic nanomedicines with minimal amounts of photosensitive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vusala Ibrahimova
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio and Soft Matter division (BSMA), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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