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Ali AH, Hachem M, Ahmmed MK. Docosahexaenoic acid-loaded nanoparticles: A state-of-the-art of preparation methods, characterization, functionality, and therapeutic applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30946. [PMID: 38774069 PMCID: PMC11107210 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, offers several beneficial effects. DHA helps in reducing depression, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It can stimulate the development of brain and nerve, alleviate lipids metabolism-related disorders, and enhance vision development. However, DHA susceptibility to chemical oxidation, poor water solubility, and unpleasant order could restrict its applications for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. To avoid these drawbacks and enhance its bioavailability, DHA can be encapsulated using an effective delivery system. Several encapsulation methods are recognized, and DHA-loaded nanoparticles have demonstrated numerous benefits. In clinical studies, positive influences on the development of several diseases have been reported, but some assumptions are conflicting and need more exploration, since DHA has a systemic and not a targeted release at the required level. This might cause the applications of nanoparticles that could allow DHA release at the required level and improve its efficiency, thus resulting in a better controlling of several diseases. In the current review, we focused on researches investigating the formulation and development of DHA-loaded nanoparticles using different delivery systems, including low-density lipoprotein, zinc oxide, silver, zein, and resveratrol-stearate. Silver-DHA nanoparticles presented a typical particle size of 24 nm with an incorporation level of 97.67 %, while the entrapment efficiency of zinc oxide-DHA nanoparticles represented 87.3 %. By using zein/Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) stabilized nanoparticles, DHA's encapsulation level reached 84.6 %. We have also highlighted the characteristics, functionality and medical implementation of these nanoparticles in the treatment of inflammations, brain disorders, diabetes as well as hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H. Ali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Group, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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2
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He B, Wang C, Wang F, Tian L, Wang H, Fu C, Liu J, Xi C, Zhu C, Yang Q. Differentiation therapy for murine myelofibrosis model with MLN8237 loaded low-density lipoproteins. J Control Release 2023; 356:554-566. [PMID: 36924895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a severe myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by low-differentiation megakaryoblasts and progressive bone marrow fibrosis. Although an Aurora kinase A (AURKA) targeting small-molecule inhibitor MLN8237 has been approved in clinical trials for differentiation therapy of high-risk PMF patients, its off-target side effects lead to a partial remission and serious complications. Here, we report a dual-targeting therapy agent (rLDL-MLN) with great clinical translation potential for differentiation therapy of PMF disease. In particular, the reconstituted low-density lipoprotein (rLDL) nanocarrier and the loaded MLN8237 can actively target malignant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) via LDL receptors and intracellular AURKA, respectively. In contrast to free MLN8237, rLDL-MLN effectively prohibits the proliferation of PMF cell lines and abnormal HSPCs and significantly induces their differentiation, as well as prevents the formation of erythrocyte and megakaryocyte colonies from abnormal HSPCs. Surprisingly, even at a 1500-fold lower dosage (0.01 mg/kg) than that of free MLN8237, rLDL-MLN still exhibits a much more effective therapeutic effect, with the PMF mice almost clear of blast cells. More importantly, rLDL-MLN promotes hematological recovery without any toxic side effects at the effective dosage, holding great promise in the targeted differentiation therapy of PMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China.
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Dai L, Li S, Hao Q, Zhou R, Zhou H, Lei W, Kang H, Wu H, Li Y, Ma X. Low-density lipoprotein: a versatile nanoscale platform for targeted delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1011-1022. [PMID: 36798503 PMCID: PMC9926902 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a small lipoprotein that plays a vital role in controlling lipid metabolism. LDL has a delicate nanostructure with unique physicochemical properties: superior payload capacity, long residence time in circulation, excellent biocompatibility, smaller size, and natural targeting. In recent decades, the superiority and feasibility of LDL particles as targeted delivery carriers have attracted much attention. In this review, we introduce the structure, composition, advantages, defects, and reconstruction of LDL delivery systems, summarize their research status and progress in targeted diagnosis and therapy, and finally look forward to the clinical application of LDL as an effective delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Shuaijun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Ruina Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Wenxi Lei
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 USA
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
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He B, Yang Q. Recent Development of LDL-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010018. [PMID: 36678515 PMCID: PMC9863478 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a natural lipoprotein transporting cholesterol in the circulatory system, has been a possible drug carrier for targeted delivery. LDL can bind to the LDL receptor (LDLR) with its outside apolipoprotein B-100 and then enter the cell via LDLR-mediated endocytosis. This targeting function inspires researchers to modify LDL to deliver different therapeutic drugs. Drugs can be loaded in the surficial phospholipids, hydrophobic core, or apolipoprotein for the structure of LDL. In addition, LDL-like synthetic nanoparticles carrying therapeutic drugs are also under investigation for the scarcity of natural LDL. In addition to being a carrier, LDL can also be a targeting molecule, decorated to the surface of synthetic nanoparticles loaded with cytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes the properties of LDL and the different kinds of LDL-based delivery nanoparticles, their loading strategies, and the achievements of the recent anti-tumor advancement.
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Wang J, Li Z, Pan M, Fiaz M, Hao Y, Yan Y, Sun L, Yan F. Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening: An effective drug delivery system for theranostics of brain diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114539. [PMID: 36116720 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant obstacle to drug therapy for brain diseases. Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles (MBs) can locally and transiently open the BBB, providing a potential strategy for drug delivery across the BBB into the brain. Nowadays, taking advantage of this technology, many therapeutic agents, such as antibodies, growth factors, and nanomedicine formulations, are intensively investigated across the BBB into specific brain regions for the treatment of various brain diseases. Several preliminary clinical trials also have demonstrated its safety and good tolerance in patients. This review gives an overview of the basic mechanisms, ultrasound contrast agents, evaluation or monitoring methods, and medical applications of FUS-mediated BBB opening in glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Min Pan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Muhammad Fiaz
- Department of Radiology, Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiran Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Delivery Systems, Bioavailability, Functionality, and Applications: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172685. [PMID: 36076867 PMCID: PMC9455885 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mainly found in microalgae and fish oil, is crucial for the growth and development of visual, neurological, and brain. In addition, DHA has been found to improve metabolic disorders associated with obesity and has anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-adipogenesis effects. However, DHA applications in food are often limited due to its low water solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability. Therefore, delivery systems have been developed to enhance the remainder of DHA activity and increase DHA homeostasis and bioavailability. This review focused on the different DHA delivery systems and the in vitro and in vivo digestive characteristics. The research progress on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, visual, neurological/brain, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, food applications, future trends, and the development potential of DHA delivery systems were also reviewed. DHA delivery systems could overcome the instability of DHA in gastrointestinal digestion, improve the bioavailability of DHA, and better play the role of its functionality.
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A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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8
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Kumarage S, Munaweera I, Kottegoda N. Contemporary, Multidisciplinary Roles of Mesoporous Silica Nanohybrids/Nanocomposites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senuri Kumarage
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
| | - Imalka Munaweera
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
| | - Nilwala Kottegoda
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMR) Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila Nugegoda Sri Lanka
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9
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Alanazi SA, Harisa GI, Badran MM, Alanazi FK, Elzayat E, Alomrani AH, Al Meanazel OT, Al Meanazel AT. Crosstalk of low density lipoprotein and liposome as a paradigm for targeting of 5-fluorouracil into hepatic cells: cytotoxicity and liver deposition. Bioengineered 2021; 12:914-926. [PMID: 33678142 PMCID: PMC8806320 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1896202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to utilize cholesterol conjugation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUC) and liposomal formulas to enhance the partitioning of 5-FU into low density lipoprotein (LDL) to target hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, 5-FU and 5-FUCwere loaded into liposomes. Later, the direct loading and transfer of 5-FU, and 5-FUC from liposomes into LDL were attained. The preparations were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, and cytotoxicity using the HepG2 cell line. Moreover, the drug deposition into the LDL and liver tissues was investigated. The present results revealed that liposomal preparations have a nanosize range (155 - 194 nm), negative zeta potential (- 0.82 to - 16 mV), entrapment efficiency of 69% for 5-FU, and 66% for 5-FUC. Moreover, LDL particles have a nanosize range (28-49 nm), negative zeta potential (- 17 to -27 mV), and the entrapment efficiency is 11% for 5-FU and 85% for 5-FUC. Furthermore, 5-FUC loaded liposomes displayed a sustained release profile (57%) at 24 h compared to fast release (92%) of 5-FU loaded liposomes. 5-FUC and liposomal formulas enhanced the transfer of 5-FUC into LDL compared to 5-FU. 5-FUC loaded liposomes and LDL have greater cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines compared to 5-FU and 5-FUC solutions. Moreover, the deposition of 5-FUC in LDL (26.87ng/mg) and liver tissues (534 ng/gm tissue) was significantly increased 5-FUC liposomes compared to 5-FU (11.7 ng/g tissue) liposomal formulation. In conclusion, 5-FUC is a promising strategy for hepatic targeting of 5-FU through LDL-mediated gateway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I. Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Badran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Elzayat
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H. Alomrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osaid T. Al Meanazel
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Ahmed T. Al Meanazel
- Prince Naif for the Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Song R, Zhang C, Teng F, Tu J, Guo X, Fan Z, Zheng Y, Zhang D. Cavitation-facilitated transmembrane permeability enhancement induced by acoustically vaporized nanodroplets. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105790. [PMID: 34662804 PMCID: PMC8526759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-facilitated transmembrane permeability enhancement has attracted broad attention in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, by delivering gene/drugs into the deep site of brain tissues with a safer and more effective way. Although the feasibility of using acoustically vaporized nanodroplets to open the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has previously been reported, the relevant physical mechanisms and impact factors are not well known. In the current study, a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane was used to mimic the multi-layered pore structure of BBB. The cavitation activity and the penetration ability of phase-changed nanodroplets were systemically evaluated at different concentration levels, and compared with the results obtained for SonoVue microbubbles. Passive cavitation detection showed that less intensified but more sustained inertial cavitation (IC) activity would be generated by vaporized nanodroplets than microbubbles. As the results, with a sufficiently high concentration (∼5 × 108/mL), phase-changed nanodroplets were more effective than microbubbles in enabling a fluorescent tracer agent (FITC, 150 kDa) to penetrate deeper and more homogeneously through the NC membrane, and a positive correlation was observed between accumulated IC dose and the amount of penetrated FITC. In vivo studies further confirmed acoustically vaporized nanodroplets performed better than microbubbles by opening the BBB in rats' brains. These results indicated that phase-changed nanodroplets can be used as a safe, efficient and durable agent to achieve satisfactory cavitation-mediated permeability enhancement effect in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fengmeng Teng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China.
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yinfei Zheng
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China.
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11
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Di L, Maiseyeu A. Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:408-421. [PMID: 33594923 PMCID: PMC7894439 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1886199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Native nanostructured lipoproteins such as low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) are powerful tools for the targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. While the cellular recognition of well-known HDL-based carriers occurs via interactions with an HDL receptor, the selective delivery and uptake of LDL particles by target cells are more complex. The most well-known mode of LDL-based delivery is via the interaction between apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) - the main protein of LDL - and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is expressed in the liver, adipocytes, and macrophages, and thus selectively delivers LDL carriers to these cells and tissues. Moreover, the elevated expression of LDLR in tumor cells indicates a role for LDL in the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, chronic inflammation associated with hypercholesterolemia (i.e., high levels of endogenous LDL) can be abated by LDL carriers, which outcompete the deleterious oxidized LDL for uptake by macrophages. In this case, synthetic LDL nanocarriers act as 'eat-me' signals and exploit mechanisms of native LDL uptake for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Lastly, recent studies have shown that the delivery of LDL-based nanocarriers to macrophages via fluid-phase pinocytosis is a promising tool for atherosclerosis imaging. Hence, the present review summarizes the use of natural and synthetic LDL-based carriers for drug delivery and imaging and discusses various mechanisms of targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Di
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Clevehand, OH, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Clevehand, OH, USA
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Griffith JI, Rathi S, Zhang W, Zhang W, Drewes LR, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. Addressing BBB Heterogeneity: A New Paradigm for Drug Delivery to Brain Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1205. [PMID: 33322488 PMCID: PMC7763839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for brain tumors remain one of the most urgent and unmet needs in modern oncology. This is due not only to the presence of the neurovascular unit/blood-brain barrier (NVU/BBB) but also to the heterogeneity of barrier alteration in the case of brain tumors, which results in what is referred to as the blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Herein, we discuss this heterogeneity, how it contributes to the failure of novel pharmaceutical treatment strategies, and why a "whole brain" approach to the treatment of brain tumors might be beneficial. We discuss various methods by which these obstacles might be overcome and assess how these strategies are progressing in the clinic. We believe that by approaching brain tumor treatment from this perspective, a new paradigm for drug delivery to brain tumors might be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Griffith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Sneha Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Lester R. Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School—Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - William F. Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
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13
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Guo P, Si M, Wu D, Xue HY, Hu W, Wong HL. Incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances nanodelivery of antiretroviral across the blood-brain barrier for treatment of HIV reservoir in brain. J Control Release 2020; 328:696-709. [PMID: 33010335 PMCID: PMC7749038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the newer antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are highly active against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the body compartment, they often fail to effectively tackle the HIV reservoir in the brain because of inefficient penetration to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of incorporating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid essential for brain development, in lipid nanocarriers for facilitating the BBB passage of an ARV darunavir. The resulting nanocarriers (nanoARVs) containing 5-15% DHA were 90-140 nm in size, had high darunavir payload (~11-13% w/w), good stability and minimal cellular toxicity, and could be further decorated with transferrin (Tf) for Tf-receptor targeting. In BBB models of hCMEC/d3 cells, nanoARVs with higher DHA content achieved increased nanocarrier uptake and up to 8.99-fold higher darunavir permeation than free darunavir. In animals, nanoARVs were able to achieve 3.38-5.93-fold increase in brain darunavir level over free darunavir. Tf-conjugated nanoARVs also achieved significantly higher anti-HIV activity than free darunavir (viral titer 2 to 2.6-fold higher in latter group). Comparison of DHA incorporation and Tf-receptor targeting showed that while both strategies could enhance the cellular uptake and brain accumulation of the nanocarriers, DHA was more effective (P < 0.05) for improving BBB permeation and brain accumulation of the darunavir payload. Substituting DHA with another oil noticeably reduced the cellular uptake of nanoARVs. Overall, this proof-of-concept study has supported the development of DHA-based nanoARVs as an effective, safe yet technically simple strategy to enhance brain delivery of darunavir and potentially other lipophilic ARVs for treatment of HIV reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mengjie Si
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Di Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hui Yi Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ho Lun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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14
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Shi L, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Lan L, Huang Y, Cheng JX, Yang C. A fiber optoacoustic emitter with controlled ultrasound frequency for cell membrane sonoporation at submillimeter spatial resolution. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100208. [PMID: 33101926 PMCID: PMC7569214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound has attracted great attention in minimally invasive therapeutic and mechanism studies. Frequency below 1 MHz is identified preferable for high-efficiency bio-modulation. However, the poor spatial confinement of several millimeters and large device diameter of ∼25 mm of typical sub-MHz ultrasound technology suffered from the diffraction limit, severely hindering its further applications. To address it, a fiber-based optoacoustic emitter (FOE) is developed, serving as a miniaturized ultrasound point source, with sub-millimeter confinement, composed of an optical diffusion layer and an expansion layer on an optical fiber. By modifying acoustic damping and light absorption performance, controllable frequencies in the range of 0.083 MHz-5.500 MHz are achieved and further induce cell membrane sonoporation with frequency dependent efficiency. By solving the problem of compromise between sub-MHz frequency and sub-millimeter precision via breaking the diffraction limit, the FOE shows a great potential in region-specific drug delivery, gene transfection and neurostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 580 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lu Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 580 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 580 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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15
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Recent Advances on Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening with Focused Ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111125. [PMID: 33233374 PMCID: PMC7700476 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the primary obstacle to efficient intracerebral drug delivery. Focused ultrasound, in conjunction with microbubbles, is a targeted and non-invasive way to disrupt the blood-brain barrier. Many commercially available ultrasound contrast agents and agents specifically designed for therapeutic purposes have been investigated in ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening studies. The new generation of sono-sensitive agents, such as liquid-core droplets, can also potentially disrupt the blood-brain barrier after their ultrasound-induced vaporization. In this review, we describe the different compositions of agents used for ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening in recent studies, and we discuss the challenges of the past five years related to the optimal formulation of agents.
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16
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Joffre C, Dinel AL, Chataigner M, Pallet V, Layé S. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030647. [PMID: 32121189 PMCID: PMC7146513 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
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17
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Yokel RA. Nanoparticle brain delivery: a guide to verification methods. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:409-432. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many reports conclude nanoparticle (NP) brain entry based on bulk brain analysis. Bulk brain includes blood, cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels within the brain contributing to the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Considering the brain as neurons, glia and their extracellular space (brain parenchyma), most studies did not show brain parenchymal NP entry. Blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers anatomy and function are reviewed. Methods demonstrating brain parenchymal NP entry are presented. Results demonstrating bulk brain versus brain parenchymal entry are classified. Studies are reviewed, critiqued and classified to illustrate results demonstrating bulk brain versus parenchymal entry. Brain, blood and peripheral organ NP timecourses are compared and related to brain parenchymal entry evidence suggesting brain NP timecourse informs about brain parenchymal entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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18
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Cheng B, Bing C, Chopra R. The effect of transcranial focused ultrasound target location on the acoustic feedback control performance during blood-brain barrier opening with nanobubbles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20020. [PMID: 31882579 PMCID: PMC6934715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time acoustic feedback control based on harmonic emissions of stimulated microbubbles may be important for facilitating the clinical adoption of focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening, both to ensure safe acoustic exposures, and to achieve repeatable and consistent opening. Previously our group demonstrated that successful BBB opening was achievable with both commercially available microbubbles and custom-made nanobubbles under acoustic feedback control. In a recent study, we demonstrated the acoustic control performance was not sensitive to the nanobubble concentration within 109–1011 bubbles/ml. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of the ultrasound target location in the rat brain on the acoustic control quality during BBB opening with nanobubbles. Temporal analysis of the received acoustic signals during each ultrasound pulse indicated that stable nanobubble oscillation was present throughout the entire 10 ms ultrasound exposure. The acoustic feedback control signals were very sensitive to the brain spatial location in rats. There appears to be a shared pattern of acoustic control stability in the brain across different animals, suggesting anatomical features are an underlying cause. The findings emphasize the importance of tuning acoustic feedback control algorithms for specific rodent brain regions of interest to ensure optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Cheng
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chenchen Bing
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Shang P, Zhang Y, Ma D, Hao Y, Wang X, Xin M, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Feng J. Inflammation resolution and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in CNS diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:967-986. [PMID: 31711309 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1691525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation resolution induced by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) is a new concept. The application of SPMs is a promising therapeutic strategy that can potentially supersede anti-inflammatory drugs. Most CNS diseases are associated with hyperreactive inflammatory damage. CNS inflammation causes irreversible neuronal loss and permanent functional impairments. Given the high mortality and morbidity rates, the investigation of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate inflammatory damage is necessary.Areas covered: In this review, we explore inflammation resolution in CNS disorders. We discuss the underlying mechanisms and dynamic changes of SPMs and their precursors in neurological diseases and examine how this can potentially be incorporated into the clinic. References were selected from PubMed; most were published between 2010 and 2019.Expert opinion: Inflammation resolution is a natural process that emerges after acute or chronic inflammation. The evidence that SPMs can effectively ameliorate hyperreactive inflammation, shorten resolution time and accelerate tissue regeneration in CNS disorders. Adjuvants and nanotechnology offer opportunities for SPM drug design; however, more preclinical studies are necessary to investigate basic, critical issues such as safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Joffre C, Rey C, Layé S. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Resolution of Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31607902 PMCID: PMC6755339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, as a result of their anti-inflammatory properties, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), have gained greater importance in the regulation of inflammation, especially in the central nervous system (in this case known as neuroinflammation). If sustained, neuroinflammation is a common denominator of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and major depression, and of aging. Hence, limiting neuroinflammation is a real strategy for neuroinflammatory disease therapy and treatment. Recent data show that n-3 LC-PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory properties in part through the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. These SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation. They could be good candidates to resolve brain inflammation and to contribute to neuroprotective functions and could lead to novel therapeutics for brain inflammatory diseases. This review presents an overview 1) of brain n-3 LC-PUFAs as precursors of SPMs with an emphasis on the effect of n-3 PUFAs on neuroinflammation, 2) of the formation and action of SPMs in the brain and their biological roles, and the possible regulation of their synthesis by environmental factors such as inflammation and nutrition and, in particular, PUFA consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Rey
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.,ITERG, Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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21
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Cheng B, Bing C, Xi Y, Shah B, Exner AA, Chopra R. Influence of Nanobubble Concentration on Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Using Focused Ultrasound Under Real-Time Acoustic Feedback Control. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2174-2187. [PMID: 31072657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Real-time acoustic feedback control based on harmonic emissions of stimulated microbubbles may serve as a way to achieve reliable blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening with focused ultrasound in the brain. Previously, we demonstrated BBB opening was possible using sub-micron bubbles (aka nanobubbles) and produced comparable results to commercially available microbubbles (Optison, Definity, etc.). The harmonic emissions and acoustic control were observed to be more consistent using nanobubbles, which warrants further study of BBB opening using these agents. This study examined the stimulated acoustic emissions of nanobubbles at different concentrations both in vitro and in vivo and evaluated BBB opening under real-time acoustic feedback control across concentrations. Original nanobubbles (1011 bubbles/mL) have long in vitro persistence (7.3 ± 3.3 min) and circulation time in rats (approximately 10 min) under exposures in this study, and both degraded with dilutions. With all three tested dilutions (1:1, 1:10 and 1:100), successful BBB opening was reliably achieved under real-time feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Cheng
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Chenchen Bing
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bhavya Shah
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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22
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Serini S, Cassano R, Trombino S, Calviello G. Nanomedicine-based formulations containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: potential application in cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2809-2828. [PMID: 31114196 PMCID: PMC6488162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s197499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are dietary factors involved in the prevention of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. A multidisciplinary approach – based on recent findings in nutritional science, lipid biochemistry, biotechnology, and biology of inflammation and cancer – has been recently employed to develop ω-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations with an aim to protect these fatty acids from degradation, increase their bioavailability and delivery to target tissues, and, thus, enhance their bioactivity. In some cases, these nanoformulations were designed to administer ω-3 PUFAs in combination with other nutraceuticals or conventional/innovative drugs. The aim of this strategy was to increase the activities of the compounds contained in the nanoformulation and to reduce the adverse effects often induced by drugs. We herein analyze the results of papers evaluating the potential use of ω-3 PUFA-containing nanomaterials in fighting cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Future directions in this field of research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
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23
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Yildirim A, Blum NT, Goodwin AP. Colloids, nanoparticles, and materials for imaging, delivery, ablation, and theranostics by focused ultrasound (FUS). Theranostics 2019; 9:2572-2594. [PMID: 31131054 PMCID: PMC6525987 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on different materials and contrast agents that sensitize imaging and therapy with Focused Ultrasound (FUS). At high intensities, FUS is capable of selectively ablating tissue with focus on the millimeter scale, presenting an alternative to surgical intervention or management of malignant growth. At low intensities, FUS can be also used for other medical applications such as local delivery of drugs and blood brain barrier opening (BBBO). Contrast agents offer an opportunity to increase selective acoustic absorption or facilitate destructive cavitation processes by converting incident acoustic energy into thermal and mechanical energy. First, we review the history of FUS and its effects on living tissue. Next, we present different colloidal or nanoparticulate approaches to sensitizing FUS, for example using microbubbles, phase-shift emulsions, hollow-shelled nanoparticles, or hydrophobic silica surfaces. Exploring the science behind these interactions, we also discuss ways to make stimulus-responsive, or "turn-on" contrast agents for improved selectivity. Finally, we discuss acoustically-active hydrogels and membranes. This review will be of interest to those working in materials who wish to explore new applications in acoustics and those in acoustics who are seeking new agents to improve the efficacy of their approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Yildirim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
- Present address: CEDAR, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239 USA
| | - Nicholas T. Blum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
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24
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Liang M, Gao C, Wang Y, Gong W, Fu S, Cui L, Zhou Z, Chu X, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhao X, Zhao B, Yang M, Li Z, Yang C, Xie X, Yang Y, Gao C. Enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration and glioma therapy mediated by T7 peptide-modified low-density lipoprotein particles. Drug Deliv 2019; 25:1652-1663. [PMID: 30394123 PMCID: PMC6225487 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1494223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic outcome for the treatment of glioma was often limited due to the non-targeted nature and low permeability of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An ideal glioma-targeted delivery system need to traverse the BBB and then target glioma cells with adequate optimized physiochemical properties and biocompatibility. However, it is an enormous challenge to the researchers to engineer the above-mentioned features into a single nanocarrier particle. New frontiers in nanomedicine are advancing the research of new biomaterials. In this study, we demonstrate a strategy for glioma targeting by encapsulating vincristine sulfate (VCR) into a naturally available low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL)-based drug delivery system with the modification of T7 peptide ligand (T7-LDL). LDL, endogenous lipid transporters, can specifically bind to brain endothelial cells and glioma cells via interacting with the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). T7 is a seven-peptide ligand of transferrin receptors (TfR) capable of circumventing the BBB and then targeting glioma. By combining the dual-targeting delivery effect of T7 peptide and parent LDL, T7-LDL displayed higher glioma localization than that of parent LDL. After loading with VCR, T7-LDL showed the most favorable antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated that T7-LDL is an important potential drug delivery system for glioma-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Chunhong Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Yuli Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Gong
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Shiyao Fu
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,b Department of Pharmacy , Wuhan General Hospital of the PLA , Wuhan , China
| | - Lin Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University , Jiamusi , China
| | - Zhenhan Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | | | - Yue Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- e Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Baoquan Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Zhiping Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- c Department of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University , Jiamusi , China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- e Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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25
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Kovacs ZI, Tu TW, Sundby M, Qureshi F, Lewis BK, Jikaria N, Burks SR, Frank JA. MRI and histological evaluation of pulsed focused ultrasound and microbubbles treatment effects in the brain. Theranostics 2018; 8:4837-4855. [PMID: 30279741 PMCID: PMC6160777 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) combined with microbubbles (MB) contrast agent infusion has been shown to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBBD), increasing the delivery of neurotherapeutics to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. pFUS interaction with the intravascular MB results in acoustic cavitation forces passing through the neurovascular unit (NVU), inducing BBBD detected on contrast-enhanced MRI. Multiple pFUS+MB exposures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models are being investigated as a method to clear amyloid plaques by activated microglia or infiltrating immune cells. Since it has been reported that pFUS+MB can induce a sterile inflammatory response (SIR) [1-5] in the rat, the goal of this study was to investigate the potential long-term effects of SIR in the brain following single and six weekly sonications by serial high-resolution MRI and pathology. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 217±16.6 g prior to sonication received bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to tag proliferating cells in the brain. pFUS was performed at 548 kHz, ultrasound burst 10 ms and initial peak negative pressure of 0.3 MPa (in water) for 120 s coupled with a slow infusion of ~460 µL/kg (5-8×107 MB) that started 30 s before and 30 s during sonication. Nine 2 mm focal regions in the left cortex and four regions over the right hippocampus were treated with pFUS+MB. Serial high-resolution brain MRIs at 3 T and 9.4 T were obtained following a single or during the course of six weekly pFUS+MB resulting in BBBD in the left cortex and the right hippocampus. Animals were monitored over 7 to 13 weeks and imaging results were compared to histology. Results: Fewer than half of the rats receiving a single pFUS+MB exposure displayed hypointense voxels on T2*-weighted (w) MRI at week 7 or 13 in the cortex or hippocampus without differences compared to the contralateral side on histograms of T2* maps. Single sonicated rats had evidence of limited microglia activation on pathology compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Six weekly pFUS+MB treatments resulted in pathological changes on T2*w images with multiple hypointense regions, cortical atrophy, along with 50% of rats having persistent BBBD and astrogliosis by MRI. Pathologic analysis of the multiple sonicated animals demonstrated the presence of metallophagocytic Prussian blue-positive cells in the parenchyma with significantly (p<0.05) increased areas of activated astrocytes and microglia, and high numbers of systemic infiltrating CD68+ macrophages along with BrdU+ cells compared to contralateral brain. In addition, multiple treatments caused an increase in the number of hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau)-positive neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the sonicated cortex but not in the hippocampus when compared to contralateral brain, which was confirmed by Western blot (WB) (p<0.04). Conclusions: The repeated SIR following multiple pFUS+MB treatments could contribute to changes on MR imaging including persistent BBBD, cortical atrophy, and hypointense voxels on T2w and T2*w images consistent with pathological injury. Moreover, areas of astrogliosis, activated microglia, along with higher numbers of CD68+ infiltrating macrophages and BrdU+ cells were detected in multiple sonicated areas of the cortex and hippocampus. Elevations in pTau and NFT were detected in neurons of the multiple sonicated cortex. Minimal changes on MRI and histology were observed in single pFUS+MB-treated rats at 7 and 13 weeks post sonication. In comparison, animals that received 6 weekly sonications demonstrated evidence on MRI and histology of vascular damage, inflammation and neurodegeneration associated with the NVU commonly observed in trauma. Further investigation is recommended of the long-term effects of multiple pFUS+MB in clinical trials.
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Sultan D, Ye D, Heo GS, Zhang X, Luehmann H, Yue Y, Detering L, Komarov S, Taylor S, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Chen H, Liu Y. Focused Ultrasound Enabled Trans-Blood Brain Barrier Delivery of Gold Nanoclusters: Effect of Surface Charges and Quantification Using Positron Emission Tomography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703115. [PMID: 29966035 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) technology is reported to enhance the delivery of 64 Cu-integrated ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (64 Cu-AuNCs) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). To better define the optimal physical properties for brain delivery, 64 Cu-AuNCs with different surface charges are synthesized and characterized. In vivo biodistribution studies are performed to compare the individual organ uptake of each type of 64 Cu-AuNCs. Quantitative PET imaging post-FUS treatment shows site-targeted brain penetration, retention, and diffusion of the negative, neutral, and positive 64 Cu-AuNCs. Autoradiography is performed to compare the intrabrain distribution of these nanoclusters. PET Imaging demonstrates the effective BBB opening and successful delivery of 64 Cu-AuNCs into the brain. Of the three 64 Cu-AuNCs investigated, the neutrally charged nanostructure performs the best and is the candidate platform for future theranostic applications in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sergey Komarov
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sara Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Ye D, Sultan D, Zhang X, Yue Y, Heo GS, Kothapalli SVVN, Luehmann H, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Liu Y, Chen H. Focused ultrasound-enabled delivery of radiolabeled nanoclusters to the pons. J Control Release 2018; 283:143-150. [PMID: 29864474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish the feasibility of integrating focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated delivery of 64Cu-integrated gold nanoclusters (64Cu-AuNCs) to the pons for in vivo quantification of the nanocluster brain uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FUS was targeted at the pons for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles, followed by the intravenous injection of 64Cu-AuNCs. The spatiotemporal distribution of the 64Cu-AuNCs in the brain was quantified using in vivo microPET/CT imaging at different time points post injection. Following PET imaging, the accumulation of radioactivity in the pons was further confirmed using autoradiography and gamma counting, and the gold concentration was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that the noninvasive and localized BBB opening by the FUS successfully delivered the 64Cu-AuNCs to the pons. We also demonstrated that in vivo real-time microPET/CT imaging was a reliable method for monitoring and quantifying the brain uptake of 64Cu-AuNCs delivered by the FUS. This drug delivery platform that integrates FUS, radiolabeled nanoclusters, and PET imaging provides a new strategy for noninvasive and localized nanoparticle delivery to the pons with concurrent in vivo quantitative imaging to evaluate delivery efficiency. The long-term goal is to apply this drug delivery platform to the treatment of pontine gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Satya V V N Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Bing C, Hong Y, Hernandez C, Rich M, Cheng B, Munaweera I, Szczepanski D, Xi Y, Bolding M, Exner A, Chopra R. Characterization of different bubble formulations for blood-brain barrier opening using a focused ultrasound system with acoustic feedback control. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7986. [PMID: 29789589 PMCID: PMC5964106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound combined with bubble-based agents serves as a non-invasive way to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Passive acoustic detection was well studied recently to monitor the acoustic emissions induced by the bubbles under ultrasound energy, but the ability to perform reliable BBB opening with a real-time feedback control algorithm has not been fully evaluated. This study focuses on characterizing the acoustic emissions of different types of bubbles: Optison, Definity, and a custom-made nanobubble. Their performance on reliable BBB opening under real-time feedback control based on acoustic detection was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo. The experiments were conducted using a 0.5 MHz focused ultrasound transducer with in-vivo focal pressure ranges from 0.1-0.7 MPa. Successful feedback control was achieved with all three agents when combining with infusion injection. Localized opening was confirmed with Evans blue dye leakage. Microscopic images were acquired to review the opening effects. Under similar total gas volume, nanobubble showed a more reliable opening effect compared to Optison and Definity (p < 0.05). The conclusions obtained from this study confirm the possibilities of performing stable opening using a feedback control algorithm combined with infusion injection. It also opens another potential research area of BBB opening using sub-micron bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bing
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - Megan Rich
- Division of Advanced Medical Imaging Research, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bingbing Cheng
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Imalka Munaweera
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Debra Szczepanski
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mark Bolding
- Division of Advanced Medical Imaging Research, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Agata Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Nanotherapy for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Targeting senile endothelium. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 251:44-54. [PMID: 29274774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of Alzheimer's disease, multiple cellular types need to be targeted simultaneously in order for a given therapy to demonstrate any major effectiveness. Ultrasound-sensitive coated microbubbles (in a targeted lipid nanoemulsion) are available. Versatile small molecule drug(s) targeting multiple pathways of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis are known. By incorporating such drug(s) into the targeted "lipid-coated microbubble" [LCM]/"nanoparticle-derived" [ND] (or LCM/ND) nanoemulsion type, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic for translational medicine. This multitasking therapeutic targets cell-surface scavenger receptors (mainly class B type I), or SR-BI, making possible for various Alzheimer's-related cell types to be simultaneously searched out for localized drug treatment in vivo. Besides targeting cell-surface SR-BI, the proposed LCM/ND-nanoemulsion combination therapeutic(s) include a characteristic lipid-coated microbubble [LCM] subpopulation (i.e., a stable LCM suspension); such film-stabilized microbubbles are well known to substantially reduce the acoustic power levels needed for accomplishing temporary noninvasive (transcranial) ultrasound treatment, or sonoporation, if additionally desired for the Alzheimer's patient.
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30
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Zhu C, Xia Y. Biomimetics: reconstitution of low-density lipoprotein for targeted drug delivery and related theranostic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7668-7682. [PMID: 29104991 PMCID: PMC5725233 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), one of the four major groups of lipoproteins for lipid transport in vivo, is emerging as an attractive carrier for the targeted delivery of theranostic agents. In contrast to the synthetic systems, LDL particles are intrinsically biocompatible and biodegradable, together with reduced immunogenicity and natural capabilities to target cancerous cells and to escape from the recognition and elimination by the reticuloendothelial system. Enticed by these attributes, a number of strategies have been developed for reconstituting LDL particles, including conjugation to the apolipoprotein, insertion into the phospholipid layer, and loading into the core. Here we present a tutorial review on the development of reconstituted LDL (rLDL) particles for theranostic applications. We start with a brief introduction to LDL and LDL receptor, as well as the advantages of using rLDL particles as a natural and versatile platform for the targeted delivery of theranostic agents. After a discussion of commonly used strategies for the reconstitution of LDL, we highlight the applications of rLDL particles in the staging of disease progression, treatment of lesioned tissues, and delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy. We finish this review with a perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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31
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Alzheimer’s Disease, Brain Injury, and C.N.S. Nanotherapy in Humans: Sonoporation Augmenting Drug Targeting. Med Sci (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5753658 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases, multiple cellular types need to be targeted simultaneously in order for a given therapy to demonstrate any major effectiveness. Ultrasound-sensitive coated microbubbles (in a targeted nanoemulsion) are available. Versatile small-molecule drug(s) targeting multiple pathways of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are known. By incorporating such drug(s) into the targeted lipid-coated microbubble/nanoparticle-derived (LCM/ND) lipid nanoemulsion type, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic for translational medicine. This multitasking therapeutic targets cell-surface scavenger receptors (mainly scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)), making it possible for various Alzheimer’s-related cell types to be simultaneously sought for localized drug treatment in vivo. Besides targeting cell-surface SR-BI, the proposed LCM/ND-nanoemulsion combination therapeutic(s) include a characteristic lipid-coated microbubble (LCM) subpopulation (i.e., a stable LCM suspension); such LCM substantially reduce the acoustic power levels needed for accomplishing temporary noninvasive (transcranial) ultrasound treatment, or sonoporation, if additionally desired for the Alzheimer’s patient.
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32
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Tsou YH, Zhang XQ, Zhu H, Syed S, Xu X. Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701921. [PMID: 29045030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle facing brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and strokes is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB prevents the passage of certain molecules and pathogens from the circulatory system into the brain. Therefore, it is nearly impossible for therapeutic drugs to target the diseased cells without the assistance of carriers. Nanotechnology is an area of growing public interest; nanocarriers, such as polymer-based, lipid-based, and inorganic-based nanoparticles can be engineered in different sizes, shapes, and surface charges, and they can be modified with functional groups to enhance their penetration and targeting capabilities. Hence, understanding the interaction between nanomaterials and the BBB is crucial. In this Review, the components and properties of the BBB are revisited and the types of nanocarriers that are most commonly used for brain drug delivery are discussed. The properties of the nanocarriers and the factors that affect drug delivery across the BBB are elaborated upon in this review. Additionally, the most recent developments of nanoformulations and nonconventional drug delivery strategies are highlighted. Finally, challenges and considerations for the development of brain targeting nanomedicines are discussed. The overall objective is to broaden the understanding of the design and to develop nanomedicines for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hao Tsou
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Sahla Syed
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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Shi K, Xue J, Fang Y, Bi H, Gao S, Yang D, Lu A, Li Y, Chen Y, Ke L. Inorganic Kernel-Reconstituted Lipoprotein Biomimetic Nanovehicles Enable Efficient Targeting "Trojan Horse" Delivery of STAT3-Decoy Oligonucleotide for Overcoming TRAIL Resistance. Theranostics 2017; 7:4480-4497. [PMID: 29158840 PMCID: PMC5695144 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can selectively induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells, but not most normal cells. Nevertheless, its therapeutic potential is limited due to the frequent occurrence of resistance in tumor cells, especially hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Therefore, we investigated the reversal effect of STAT3-decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) on TRAIL resistance. Methods. Considering that the drawback of poor cellular permeability and rapid degradation in vivo limited ODNs' further clinical applications, we developed a biomimetic calcium phosphate-reconstituted low density lipoprotein nanovehicle (CaP@LDL) that would serve as a “Trojan horse” to carry STAT3-decoy ODNs into tumor cells and then regulate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Results. In comparison with native ODNs, the reconstituted CaP@LDL packaged ODNs showed significantly increased serum stability, cellular transfection, in vitro synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis in hepatoma cells, while there was no cytotoxicity to normal cells. The improved TRAIL sensitization is attributed to blocking of STAT3 signaling and consequent expression of the downstream target antiapoptotic gene. Following systemic administration, CaP@LDL displayed LDL-mimicking pharmacokinetic behavior such as attenuated blood clearance as well as enhanced accumulation in tumor and hepatorenal sites. With the synergistic combination of decoyODN/CaP@LDL, TRAIL dramatically inhibited hepatic tumor growth in a xenograft model and induced significant tumor apoptosis in vivo. Conclusion. These results suggested that CaP@LDL-mediated STAT3-decoy ODN delivery might be a promising new strategy for reversing TRAIL resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Elucidating the structural organization of a novel low-density lipoprotein nanoparticle reconstituted with docosahexaenoic acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 204:65-75. [PMID: 28342772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles reconstituted with unesterified docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA) is promising nanomedicine with enhanced physicochemical stability and selective anticancer cytotoxic activity. The unique functionality of LDL-DHA ultimately relates to the structure of this nanoparticle. To date, however, little is known about the structural organization of this nanoparticle. In this study chemical, spectroscopic and electron microscopy analyses were undertaken to elucidate the structural and molecular organization of LDL-DHA nanoparticles. Unesterified DHA preferentially incorporates into the outer surface layer of LDL, where in this orientation the anionic carboxyl end of DHA is exposed to the LDL surface and imparts an electronegative charge to the nanoparticles surface. This negative surface charge promotes the monodisperse and homogeneous distribution of LDL-DHA nanoparticles in solution. Further structural analyses with cryo-electron microscopy revealed that the LDL-DHA nanostructure consist of a phospholipid bilayer surrounding an aqueous core, which is distinctly different from the phospholipid monolayer/apolar core organization of plasma LDL. Lastly, apolipoprotein B-100 remains strongly associated with this complex and maintains a discrete size and shape of the LDL-DHA nanoparticles similar to plasma LDL. This preliminary structural assessment of LDL-DHA now affords the opportunity to understand the important structure-function relationships of this novel nanoparticle.
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35
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Norling LV, Ly L, Dalli J. Resolving inflammation by using nutrition therapy: roles for specialized proresolving mediators. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:145-152. [PMID: 28002074 PMCID: PMC5884427 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is a unifying component of many of the diseases that afflict Western civilizations. Nutrition therapy and, in particular, essential fatty acid supplementation is one of the approaches that is currently in use for the treatment and management of many inflammatory conditions. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the recent literature in light of the discovery that essential fatty acids are converted by the body to a novel genus of lipid mediators, termed specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). RECENT FINDINGS The SPM genus is composed of four mediator families - the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These molecules potently and stereoselectively promote the termination of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Recent studies indicate that in disease, SPM production becomes dysregulated giving rise to a status of failed resolution. Of note, several studies found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, at doses within the recommended daily allowance, led to increases in several SPM families that correlate with enhanced white blood cell responses in humans and reduced inflammation in mice. SUMMARY Given the potent biological actions of SPM in organ protection and promoting bacterial clearance, nutritional therapies enriched in omega-3 fatty acids hold promise as a potential co-therapy approach when coupled with functional lipid mediator profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy V Norling
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ly
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- QMUL Lipid Mediator Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- QMUL Lipid Mediator Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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36
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Rajora MA, Zheng G. Targeting SR-BI for Cancer Diagnostics, Imaging and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:326. [PMID: 27729859 PMCID: PMC5037127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) plays an important role in trafficking cholesteryl esters between the core of high density lipoprotein and the liver. Interestingly, this integral membrane protein receptor is also implicated in the metabolism of cholesterol by cancer cells, whereby overexpression of SR-BI has been observed in a number of tumors and cancer cell lines, including breast and prostate cancers. Consequently, SR-BI has recently gained attention as a cancer biomarker and exciting target for the direct cytosolic delivery of therapeutic agents. This brief review highlights these key developments in SR-BI-targeted cancer therapies and imaging probes. Special attention is given to the exploration of high density lipoprotein nanomimetic platforms that take advantage of upregulated SR-BI expression to facilitate targeted drug-delivery and cancer diagnostics, and promising future directions in the development of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha A Rajora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Techna Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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37
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Kwon EJ, Skalak M, Bu RL, Bhatia SN. Neuron-Targeted Nanoparticle for siRNA Delivery to Traumatic Brain Injuries. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7926-33. [PMID: 27429164 PMCID: PMC5896006 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) affect 2.5 million Americans per year, and survivors of TBI can develop long-term impairments in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functions. Currently, there are no treatments available to stop the long-term effects of TBI. Although the primary injury can only be prevented, there is an opportunity for intervention during the secondary injury, which persists over the course of hours to years after the initial injury. One promising strategy is to modulate destructive pathways using nucleic acid therapeutics, which can downregulate "undruggable" targets considered difficult to inhibit with small molecules; however, the delivery of these materials to the central nervous system is challenging. We engineered a neuron-targeting nanoparticle which can mediate intracellular trafficking of siRNA cargo and achieve silencing of mRNA and protein levels in cultured cells. We hypothesized that, soon after an injury, nanoparticles in the bloodstream may be able to infiltrate brain tissue in the vicinity of areas with a compromised blood brain barrier (BBB). We find that, when administered systemically into animals with brain injuries, neuron-targeted nanoparticles can accumulate into the tissue adjacent to the injured site and downregulate a therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester J. Kwon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Matthew Skalak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Riana Lo Bu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139
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