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Yao Z, Lundqvist E, Kuang Y, Ardoña HAM. Engineering Multi-Scale Organization for Biotic and Organic Abiotic Electroactive Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205381. [PMID: 36670065 PMCID: PMC10074131 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multi-scale organization of molecular and living components is one of the most critical parameters that regulate charge transport in electroactive systems-whether abiotic, biotic, or hybrid interfaces. In this article, an overview of the current state-of-the-art for controlling molecular order, nanoscale assembly, microstructure domains, and macroscale architectures of electroactive organic interfaces used for biomedical applications is provided. Discussed herein are the leading strategies and challenges to date for engineering the multi-scale organization of electroactive organic materials, including biomolecule-based materials, synthetic conjugated molecules, polymers, and their biohybrid analogs. Importantly, this review provides a unique discussion on how the dependence of conduction phenomena on structural organization is observed for electroactive organic materials, as well as for their living counterparts in electrogenic tissues and biotic-abiotic interfaces. Expansion of fabrication capabilities that enable higher resolution and throughput for the engineering of ordered, patterned, and architecture electroactive systems will significantly impact the future of bioelectronic technologies for medical devices, bioinspired harvesting platforms, and in vitro models of electroactive tissues. In summary, this article presents how ordering at multiple scales is important for modulating transport in both the electroactive organic, abiotic, and living components of bioelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Fan Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Emil Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Yuyao Kuang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Herdeline Ann M. Ardoña
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
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2
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Peng M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Du X. Reconfigurable scaffolds for adaptive tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6105-6120. [PMID: 36919563 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have offered promising alternatives for clinical treatment of body tissue traumas, losses, dysfunctions, or diseases, where scaffold-based strategies are particularly popular and effective. Over the decades, scaffolds for tissue regeneration have been remarkably evolving. Nevertheless, conventional scaffolds still confront grand challenges in bio-adaptions in terms of both tissue-scaffold and cell-scaffold interplays, for example complying with complicated three-dimensional (3D) shapes of biological tissues and recapitulating the ordered cell regulation effects of native cell microenvironments. Benefiting from the recent advances in "intelligent" biomaterials, reconfigurable scaffolds have been emerging, demonstrating great promise in addressing the bio-adaption challenges through altering their macro-shapes and/or micro-structures. This mini-review article presents a brief overview of the cutting-edge research on reconfigurable scaffolds, summarizing the materials for forming reconfigurable scaffolds and highlighting their applications for adaptive tissue regeneration. Finally, the challenges and prospects of reconfigurable scaffolds are also discussed, shedding light on the bright future of next-generation reconfigurable scaffolds with upgrading adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Peng
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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3
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Wang C, Ramahdita G, Genin G, Huebsch N, Ma Z. Dynamic mechanobiology of cardiac cells and tissues: Current status and future perspective. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011314. [PMID: 37008887 PMCID: PMC10062054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces impact cardiac cells and tissues over their entire lifespan, from development to growth and eventually to pathophysiology. However, the mechanobiological pathways that drive cell and tissue responses to mechanical forces are only now beginning to be understood, due in part to the challenges in replicating the evolving dynamic microenvironments of cardiac cells and tissues in a laboratory setting. Although many in vitro cardiac models have been established to provide specific stiffness, topography, or viscoelasticity to cardiac cells and tissues via biomaterial scaffolds or external stimuli, technologies for presenting time-evolving mechanical microenvironments have only recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the range of in vitro platforms that have been used for cardiac mechanobiological studies. We provide a comprehensive review on phenotypic and molecular changes of cardiomyocytes in response to these environments, with a focus on how dynamic mechanical cues are transduced and deciphered. We conclude with our vision of how these findings will help to define the baseline of heart pathology and of how these in vitro systems will potentially serve to improve the development of therapies for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Ma
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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4
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Williams MAC, Mair DB, Lee W, Lee E, Kim DH. Engineering Three-Dimensional Vascularized Cardiac Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:336-350. [PMID: 33559514 PMCID: PMC9063162 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the largest burdens to human health worldwide and has very limited therapeutic options. Engineered three-dimensional (3D) vascularized cardiac tissues have shown promise in rescuing cardiac function in diseased hearts and may serve as a whole organ replacement in the future. One of the major obstacles in reconstructing these thick myocardial tissues to a clinically applicable scale is the integration of functional vascular networks capable of providing oxygen and nutrients throughout whole engineered constructs. Without perfusion of oxygen and nutrient flow throughout the entire engineered tissue not only is tissue viability compromised, but also overall tissue functionality is lost. There are many supporting technologies and approaches that have been developed to create vascular networks such as 3D bioprinting, co-culturing hydrogels, and incorporation of soluble angiogenic factors. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss some of the most current engineered vascular cardiac tissues reported in the literature and future directions in the field. Impact statement The field of cardiac tissue engineering is rapidly evolving and is now closer than ever to having engineered tissue models capable of predicting preclinical responses to therapeutics, modeling diseases, and being used as a means of rescuing cardiac function following injuries to the native myocardium. However, a major obstacle of engineering thick cardiac tissue remains to be the integration of functional vasculature. In this review, we highlight seminal and recently published works that have influenced and pushed the field of cardiac tissue engineering toward achieving vascularized functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin B. Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wonjae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Li W, Liu J, Chen L, Wei W, Qian K, Liu Y, Leng J. Application and Development of Shape Memory Micro/Nano Patterns. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105958. [PMID: 35362270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of smart materials that change shape when stimulated by environmental stimuli. Different from the shape memory effect at the macro level, the introduction of micro-patterning technology into SMPs strengthens the exploration of the shape memory effect at the micro/nano level. The emergence of shape memory micro/nano patterns provides a new direction for the future development of smart polymers, and their applications in the fields of biomedicine/textile/micro-optics/adhesives show huge potential. In this review, the authors introduce the types of shape memory micro/nano patterns, summarize the preparation methods, then explore the imminent and potential applications in various fields. In the end, their shortcomings and future development direction are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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Shi H, Wu X, Sun S, Wang C, Vangelatos Z, Ash-Shakoor A, Grigoropoulos CP, Mather PT, Henderson JH, Ma Z. Profiling the responsiveness of focal adhesions of human cardiomyocytes to extracellular dynamic nano-topography. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:367-377. [PMID: 34901553 PMCID: PMC8636819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion complexes function as the mediators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions to sense and transmit the extracellular signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that cardiomyocyte focal adhesions can be modulated by surface topographic features. However, the response of focal adhesions to dynamic surface topographic changes remains underexplored. To study this dynamic responsiveness of focal adhesions, we utilized a shape memory polymer-based substrate that can produce a flat-to-wrinkle surface transition triggered by an increase of temperature. Using this dynamic culture system, we analyzed three proteins (paxillin, vinculin and zyxin) from different layers of the focal adhesion complex in response to dynamic extracellular topographic change. Hence, we quantified the dynamic profile of cardiomyocyte focal adhesion in a time-dependent manner, which provides new understanding of dynamic cardiac mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Xiangjun Wu
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Shiyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Chenyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Zacharias Vangelatos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, PA, 94720, USA
| | - Ariel Ash-Shakoor
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | | | - Patrick T. Mather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - James H. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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7
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Carthew J, Taylor JBJ, Garcia-Cruz MR, Kiaie N, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. The Bumpy Road to Stem Cell Therapies: Rational Design of Surface Topographies to Dictate Stem Cell Mechanotransduction and Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23066-23101. [PMID: 35192344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to a variety of physical cues from their surrounding microenvironment, and these are interpreted through mechanotransductive processes to inform their behavior. These mechanisms have particular relevance to stem cells, where control of stem cell proliferation, potency, and differentiation is key to their successful application in regenerative medicine. It is increasingly recognized that surface micro- and nanotopographies influence stem cell behavior and may represent a powerful tool with which to direct the morphology and fate of stem cells. Current progress toward this goal has been driven by combined advances in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Here, the capacity to generate precisely defined micro- and nanoscale topographies has facilitated the studies that provide knowledge of the mechanotransducive processes that govern the cellular response as well as knowledge of the specific features that can drive cells toward a defined differentiation outcome. However, the path forward is not fully defined, and the "bumpy road" that lays ahead must be crossed before the full potential of these approaches can be fully exploited. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities in applying micro- and nanotopographies to dictate stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Here, key techniques used to produce topographic features are reviewed, such as photolithography, block copolymer lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, colloidal lithography, electrospinning, and surface roughening, alongside their advantages and disadvantages. The biological impacts of surface topographies are then discussed, including the current understanding of the mechanotransductive mechanisms by which these cues are interpreted by the cells, as well as the specific effects of surface topographies on cell differentiation and fate. Finally, considerations in translating these technologies and their future prospects are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason B J Taylor
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maria R Garcia-Cruz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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8
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Vasu S, Zhou J, Chen J, Johnston PV, Kim DH. Biomaterials-based Approaches for Cardiac Regeneration. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:943-960. [PMID: 34854577 PMCID: PMC8636758 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity, largely due to the limited ability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate. Existing therapies for cardiac regeneration include cell-based therapies and bioactive molecules. However, delivery remains one of the major challenges impeding such therapies from having significant clinical impact. Recent advancements in biomaterials-based approaches for cardiac regeneration have shown promise in improving cardiac function, promoting angiogenesis, and reducing adverse immune response in both human clinical trials and animal studies. These advances in therapeutic delivery via extracellular vesicles, cardiac patches, and hydrogels have the potential to enable clinical impact of cardiac regeneration therapies. The limited ability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular diseases. There exist therapies for cardiac regeneration that are cell-based as well as that involve bioactive molecules. However, delivery remains one of the major challenges impeding such therapies from having clinical impact. Recent advancements in biomaterials-based approaches for cardiac regeneration have shown promise in clinical trials and animal studies in improving cardiac function, promoting angiogenesis, and reducing adverse immune response. This review will focus on current clinical studies of three contemporary biomaterials-based approaches for cardiac regeneration (extracellular vesicles, injectable hydrogels, and cardiac patches), remaining challenges and shortcomings to be overcome, and future directions for the use of biomaterials to promote cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita Vasu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter V Johnston
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Singh JP, Young JL. The cardiac nanoenvironment: form and function at the nanoscale. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:625-636. [PMID: 34765045 PMCID: PMC8555021 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in the cardiovascular system occur over a wide range of length scales. At the whole organ level, large scale forces drive the beating heart as a synergistic unit. On the microscale, individual cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibit dynamic reciprocity, with mechanical feedback moving bidirectionally. Finally, in the nanometer regime, molecular features of cells and the ECM show remarkable sensitivity to mechanical cues. While small, these nanoscale properties are in many cases directly responsible for the mechanosensitive signaling processes that elicit cellular outcomes. Given the inherent challenges in observing, quantifying, and reconstituting this nanoscale environment, it is not surprising that this landscape has been understudied compared to larger length scales. Here, we aim to shine light upon the cardiac nanoenvironment, which plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis while also underlying pathological processes. Thus, we will highlight strategies aimed at (1) elucidating the nanoscale components of the cardiac matrix, and (2) designing new materials and biosystems capable of mimicking these features in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashan P Singh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer L Young
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Mohindra P, Desai TA. Micro- and nanoscale biophysical cues for cardiovascular disease therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:102365. [PMID: 33571682 PMCID: PMC8217090 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
After cardiovascular injury, numerous pathological processes adversely impact the homeostatic function of cardiomyocyte, macrophage, fibroblast, endothelial cell, and vascular smooth muscle cell populations. Subsequent malfunctioning of these cells may further contribute to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. By modulating cellular responses after injury, it is possible to create local environments that promote wound healing and tissue repair mechanisms. The extracellular matrix continuously provides these mechanosensitive cell types with physical cues spanning the micro- and nanoscale to influence behaviors such as adhesion, morphology, and phenotype. It is therefore becoming increasingly compelling to harness these cell-substrate interactions to elicit more native cell behaviors that impede cardiovascular disease progression and enhance regenerative potential. This review discusses recent in vitro and preclinical work that have demonstrated the therapeutic implications of micro- and nanoscale biophysical cues on cell types adversely affected in cardiovascular diseases - cardiomyocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
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11
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Batalov I, Jallerat Q, Kim S, Bliley J, Feinberg AW. Engineering aligned human cardiac muscle using developmentally inspired fibronectin micropatterns. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11502. [PMID: 34075068 PMCID: PMC8169656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac two-dimensional tissues were engineered using biomimetic micropatterns based on the fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of the embryonic heart. The goal of this developmentally-inspired, in vitro approach was to identify cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in the microenvironment of the early 4-chambered vertebrate heart that drive cardiomyocyte organization and alignment. To test this, biomimetic micropatterns based on confocal imaging of fibronectin in embryonic chick myocardium were created and compared to control micropatterns designed with 2 or 20 µm wide fibronectin lines. Results show that embryonic chick cardiomyocytes have a unique density-dependent alignment on the biomimetic micropattern that is mediated in part by N-cadherin, suggesting that both cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions play an important role in the formation of aligned myocardium. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes also showed density-dependent alignment on the biomimetic micropattern but were overall less well organized. Interestingly, the addition of human adult cardiac fibroblasts and conditioning with T3 hormone were both shown to increase human cardiomyocyte alignment. In total, these results show that cardiomyocyte maturation state, cardiomyocyte-cardiomyocyte and cardiomyocyte-fibroblast interactions, and cardiomyocyte-ECM interactions can all play a role when engineering anisotropic cardiac tissues in vitro and provides insight as to how these factors may influence cardiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Batalov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Quentin Jallerat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Sean Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
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12
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Dey K, Roca E, Ramorino G, Sartore L. Progress in the mechanical modulation of cell functions in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7033-7081. [PMID: 33150878 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, mechanics at multiple stages-nucleus to cell to ECM-underlie multiple physiological and pathological functions from its development to reproduction to death. Under this inspiration, substantial research has established the role of multiple aspects of mechanics in regulating fundamental cellular processes, including spreading, migration, growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, our understanding of how these mechanical mechanisms are orchestrated or tuned at different stages to maintain or restore the healthy environment at the tissue or organ level remains largely a mystery. Over the past few decades, research in the mechanical manipulation of the surrounding environment-known as substrate or matrix or scaffold on which, or within which, cells are seeded-has been exceptionally enriched in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To do so, traditional tissue engineering aims at recapitulating key mechanical milestones of native ECM into a substrate for guiding the cell fate and functions towards specific tissue regeneration. Despite tremendous progress, a big puzzle that remains is how the cells compute a host of mechanical cues, such as stiffness (elasticity), viscoelasticity, plasticity, non-linear elasticity, anisotropy, mechanical forces, and mechanical memory, into many biological functions in a cooperative, controlled, and safe manner. High throughput understanding of key cellular decisions as well as associated mechanosensitive downstream signaling pathway(s) for executing these decisions in response to mechanical cues, solo or combined, is essential to address this issue. While many reports have been made towards the progress and understanding of mechanical cues-particularly, substrate bulk stiffness and viscoelasticity-in regulating the cellular responses, a complete picture of mechanical cues is lacking. This review highlights a comprehensive view on the mechanical cues that are linked to modulate many cellular functions and consequent tissue functionality. For a very basic understanding, a brief discussion of the key mechanical players of ECM and the principle of mechanotransduction process is outlined. In addition, this review gathers together the most important data on the stiffness of various cells and ECM components as well as various tissues/organs and proposes an associated link from the mechanical perspective that is not yet reported. Finally, beyond addressing the challenges involved in tuning the interplaying mechanical cues in an independent manner, emerging advances in designing biomaterials for tissue engineering are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamol Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
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13
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Homma K, Ohta Y, Minami K, Yoshikawa G, Nagase K, Akimoto AM, Yoshida R. Autonomous Nanoscale Chemomechanical Oscillation on the Self-Oscillating Polymer Brush Surface by Precise Control of Graft Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4380-4386. [PMID: 33793253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a novel functional surface, a self-oscillating polymer brush that undergoes autonomous, periodic swelling/deswelling during the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction has been developed. Although extensive research has revealed how the fundamental aspects of the BZ reaction can be regulated based on the surface design of the self-oscillating polymer brush, design strategies for the induction of mechanical oscillation remain unexplored. Herein, we investigated the graft density effects on the phase transition behavior, which is an important design parameter for the mechanical oscillation of the modified polymer. The self-oscillating polymer-modified substrates with controlled graft densities were prepared by immobilizing various compositions of an initiator and a noninitiator followed by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of the self-oscillating polymer chains. In addition to the characterization of each prepared substrate, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM) were employed to evaluate the density effects on the static and dynamic surface structures. AFM revealed that equilibrium swelling as well as thermoresponsive behavior is profoundly affected by the graft density. Moreover, using DHM, autonomous mechanical oscillation was captured only on the self-oscillating polymer brush with adequate graft density. Notably, the oscillation amplitude (150 nm) and the period (20 s) in this study were superior to those in a previous report on the self-oscillating polymer modified through the grafting-to method by 10- and 3-fold, respectively. This study presents design guidelines for future applications, such as autonomous transport devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Homma
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohta
- School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minami
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Genki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Aya M Akimoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Shi H, Wang C, Ma Z. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering and dynamic mechanobiology. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:011506. [PMID: 33688616 PMCID: PMC7929620 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the term "smart materials" was put forward in the 1980s, stimuli-responsive biomaterials have been used as powerful tools in tissue engineering, mechanobiology, and clinical applications. For the purpose of myocardial repair and regeneration, stimuli-responsive biomaterials are employed to fabricate hydrogels and nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs and cells, which have been proved to alleviate disease progression and enhance tissue regeneration. By reproducing the sophisticated and dynamic microenvironment of the native heart, stimuli-responsive biomaterials have also been used to engineer dynamic culture systems to understand how cardiac cells and tissues respond to progressive changes in extracellular microenvironments, enabling the investigation of dynamic cell mechanobiology. Here, we provide an overview of stimuli-responsive biomaterials used in cardiovascular research applications, with a specific focus on cardiac tissue engineering and dynamic cell mechanobiology. We also discuss how these smart materials can be utilized to mimic the dynamic microenvironment during heart development, which might provide an opportunity to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of cardiomyogenesis and cardiac maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen Ma
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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Pinto DEP, Erdemci-Tandogan G, Manning ML, Araújo NAM. The Cell Adaptation Time Sets a Minimum Length Scale for Patterned Substrates. Biophys J 2020; 119:2299-2306. [PMID: 33130122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of tissue cultures depend strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the underlying substrate. Inspired by previous advances in the context of inorganic materials, the use of patterned culture surfaces has been proposed as an effective way to induce space-dependent properties in cell tissues. However, cells move and diffuse, and the transduction of external stimuli to biological signals is not instantaneous. Here, we show that the fidelity of patterns to demix tissue cells depends on the relation between the diffusion (τD) and adaptation (τ) times. Numerical results for the self-propelled Voronoi model reveal that the fidelity decreases with τ/τD, a result that is reproduced by a continuum reaction-diffusion model. Based on recent experimental results for single cells, we derive a minimal length scale for the patterns in the substrate that depends on τ/τD and can be much larger than the cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo E P Pinto
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonca Erdemci-Tandogan
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Nuno A M Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Zhao Q, Li C, Shum HC, Du X. Shape-adaptable biodevices for wearable and implantable applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4321-4341. [PMID: 33232418 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging wearable and implantable biodevices have been significantly revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, the geometrical mismatch between tissues and biodevices remains a great challenge for achieving optimal performances and functionalities for biodevices. Shape-adaptable biodevices enabling active compliance with human body tissues offer promising opportunities for addressing the challenge through programming their geometries on demand. This article reviews the design principles and control strategies for shape-adaptable biodevices with programmable shapes and actively compliant capabilities, which have offered innovative diagnostic/therapeutic tools and facilitated a variety of wearable and implantable applications. The state-of-the-art progress in applications of shape-adaptable biodevices in the fields of smart textiles, wound care, healthcare monitoring, drug and cell delivery, tissue repair and regeneration, nerve stimulation and recording, and biopsy and surgery, is highlighted. Despite the remarkable advances already made, shape-adaptable biodevices still confront many challenges on the road toward the clinic, such as enhanced intelligence for actively sensing and operating in response to physiological environments. Next-generation paradigms will shed light on future directions for extending the breadth and performance of shape-adaptable biodevices for wearable and implantable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518035 China.
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17
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Cho KW, Lee WH, Kim BS, Kim DH. Sensors in heart-on-a-chip: A review on recent progress. Talanta 2020; 219:121269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Sun S, Shi H, Moore S, Wang C, Ash-Shakoor A, Mather PT, Henderson JH, Ma Z. Progressive Myofibril Reorganization of Human Cardiomyocytes on a Dynamic Nanotopographic Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21450-21462. [PMID: 32326701 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) alignment with striated myofibril organization is developed during early cardiac organogenesis. Previous work has successfully achieved in vitro CM alignment using a variety of biomaterial scaffolds and substrates with static topographic features. However, the cellular processes that occur during the response of CMs to dynamic surface topographic changes, which may provide a model of in vivo developmental progress of CM alignment within embryonic myocardium, remains poorly understood. To gain insights into these cellular processes involved in the response of CMs to dynamic topographic changes, we developed a dynamic topographic substrate that employs a shape memory polymer coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers to produce a flat-to-wrinkle surface transition when triggered by a change in incubation temperature. Using this system, we investigated cellular morphological alignment and intracellular myofibril reorganization in response to the dynamic wrinkle formation. Hence, we identified the progressive cellular processes of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-CMs in a time-dependent manner, which could provide a foundation for a mechanistic model of cardiac myofibril reorganization in response to extracellular microenvironment changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Chenyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ariel Ash-Shakoor
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Patrick T Mather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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19
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Tonazzini I, Masciullo C, Savi E, Sonato A, Romanato F, Cecchini M. Neuronal contact guidance and YAP signaling on ultra-small nanogratings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3742. [PMID: 32111918 PMCID: PMC7048778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact interaction of neuronal cells with extracellular nanometric features can be exploited to investigate and modulate cellular responses. By exploiting nanogratings (NGs) with linewidth from 500 nm down to 100 nm, we here study neurite contact guidance along ultra-small directional topographies. The impact of NG lateral dimension on the neuronal morphotype, neurite alignment, focal adhesion (FA) development and YAP activation is investigated in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiating PC12 cells and in primary hippocampal neurons, by confocal and live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and at molecular level. We demonstrate that loss of neurite guidance occurs in NGs with periodicity below 400 nm and correlates with a loss of FA lateral constriction and spatial organization. We found that YAP intracellular localization is modulated by the presence of NGs, but it is not sensitive to their periodicity. Nocodazole, a drug that can increase cell contractility, is finally tested for rescuing neurite alignment showing mild ameliorative effects. Our results provide new indications for a rational design of biocompatible scaffolds for enhancing nerve-regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Eleonora Savi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Agnese Sonato
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
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20
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Zhao Q, Wang J, Wang Y, Cui H, Du X. A stage-specific cell-manipulation platform for inducing endothelialization on demand. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:629-643. [PMID: 34692082 PMCID: PMC8289041 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelialization is of great significance for vascular remodeling, as well as for the success of implanted vascular grafts/stents in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, desirable endothelialization on synthetic biomaterials remains greatly challenging owing to extreme difficulty in offering dynamic guidance on endothelial cell (EC) functions resembling the native extracellular matrix-mediated effects. Here, we demonstrate a bilayer platform with near-infrared-triggered transformable topographies, which can alter the geometries and functions of human ECs by tunable topographical cues in a remote-controlled manner, yet cause no damage to the cell viability. The migration and the adhesion/spreading of human ECs are respectively promoted by the temporary anisotropic and permanent isotropic topographies of the platform in turn, which appropriately meet the requirements of stage-specific EC manipulation for endothelialization. In addition to the potential of promoting the development of a new generation of vascular grafts/stents enabling rapid endothelialization, this stage-specific cell-manipulation platform also holds promise in various biomedical fields, since the needs for stepwise control over different cell functions are common in wound healing and various tissue-regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518035, China
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21
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Linke P, Suzuki R, Yamamoto A, Nakahata M, Kengaku M, Fujiwara T, Ohzono T, Tanaka M. Dynamic Contact Guidance of Myoblasts by Feature Size and Reversible Switching of Substrate Topography: Orchestration of Cell Shape, Orientation, and Nematic Ordering of Actin Cytoskeletons. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7538-7551. [PMID: 30376342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological cells in tissues alter their shapes, positions, and orientations in response to dynamic changes in their physical microenvironments. Here, we investigated the dynamic response of myoblast cells by fabricating substrates displaying microwrinkles that can reversibly change their direction within 60 s by axial compression and relaxation. To quantitatively assess the collective order of cells, we introduced the nematic order parameter of cells that takes not only the distribution of cell-wrinkle angles but also the degree of cell elongation into account. On the subcellular level, we also calculated the nematic order parameter of actin cytoskeletons that takes the rearrangement of actin filaments into consideration. The results obtained on substrates with different wrinkle wavelengths implied the presence of a characteristic wavelength beyond which the order parameters of both cells and actin cytoskeletons level off. Immunofluorescence labeling of vinculin showed that the focal adhesions were all concentrated on the peaks of wrinkles when the wavelength is below the characteristic value. On the other hand, we found focal adhesions on both the peaks and the troughs of wrinkles when the wavelength exceeds the characteristic level. The emergence of collective ordering of cytoskeletons and the adaptation of cell shapes and orientations were monitored by live cell imaging after the seeding of cells from suspensions. After the cells had reached the steady state, the orientation of wrinkles was abruptly changed by 90°. The dynamic response of myoblasts to the drastic change in surface topography was monitored, demonstrating the coordination of the shape and orientation of cells and the nematic ordering of actin cytoskeletons. The "dynamic" substrates established in this study can be used as a powerful tool in mechanobiology that helps us understand how cytoskeletons, cells, and cell ensembles respond to dynamic contact guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Linke
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | | | - Masaki Nakahata
- Department of Material Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 560-8531 Osaka , Japan
| | | | | | - Takuya Ohzono
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute , National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 305-8505 Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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22
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Savoji H, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N, Toroghi MK, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Korolj A, Ahadian S, Radisic M. Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening. Biomaterials 2019; 198:3-26. [PMID: 30343824 PMCID: PMC6397087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has been declining. Cardiovascular toxicity due to therapeutic drug use claims the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions in late-stage clinical development. Therefore, to address this issue, new, additional, replacement and combinatorial approaches are needed to fill the gap in effective drug discovery and screening. The motivation for developing accurate, predictive models is twofold: first, to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies which are leading in worldwide morbidity and mortality rates; and second, to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a primary risk in drug development. In addition to in vivo animal models, in vitro and in silico models have been recently proposed to mimic the physiological conditions of heart and vasculature. Here, we describe current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications. We review the pathophysiology and the underlying pathways of different cardiac diseases, as well as the new tools being developed to facilitate their study. We finally suggest a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masood Khaksar Toroghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Abstract
In this work we report the rational design of temperature-responsive nanofiber meshes with shape-memory properties. Meshes were fabricated by electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based polyurethane with varying ratios of soft (PCL diol) and hard [hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)/1,4-butanediol (BD)] segments. By altering the PCL diol:HDI:BD molar ratio both shape-memory properties and mechanical properties could be readily turned and modulated. Though mechanical properties improved by increasing the hard to soft segment ratio, optimal shape-memory properties were obtained using a PCL/HDI/BD molar ratio of 1:4:3. Microscopically, the original nanofibrous structure could be deformed into and maintained in a temporary shape and later recover its original structure upon reheating. Even when deformed by 400%, a recovery rate of >89% was observed. Implementation of these shape memory nanofiber meshes as cell culture platforms revealed the unique ability to alter human mesenchymal stem cell alignment and orientation. Due to their biocompatible nature, temperature-responsivity, and ability to control cell alignment, we believe that these meshes may demonstrate great promise as biomedical applications.
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24
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Callaghan NI, Hadipour-Lakmehsari S, Lee SH, Gramolini AO, Simmons CA. Modeling cardiac complexity: Advancements in myocardial models and analytical techniques for physiological investigation and therapeutic development in vitro. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:011501. [PMID: 31069331 PMCID: PMC6481739 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and arrhythmias or conduction blockages impact millions of patients worldwide and are associated with marked increases in sudden cardiac death, decline in the quality of life, and the induction of secondary pathologies. These pathologies stem from dysfunction in the contractile or conductive properties of the cardiomyocyte, which as a result is a focus of fundamental investigation, drug discovery and therapeutic development, and tissue engineering. All of these foci require in vitro myocardial models and experimental techniques to probe the physiological functions of the cardiomyocyte. In this review, we provide a detailed exploration of different cell models, disease modeling strategies, and tissue constructs used from basic to translational research. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in imaging, electrophysiology, metabolic measurements, and mechanical and contractile characterization modalities that are advancing our understanding of cardiomyocyte physiology. With this review, we aim to both provide a biological framework for engineers contributing to the field and demonstrate the technical basis and limitations underlying physiological measurement modalities for biologists attempting to take advantage of these state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig A. Simmons
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Present address: Ted Rogers Centre for Heart
Research, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada. Tel.:
416-946-0548. Fax: 416-978-7753
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25
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Brasch ME, Passucci G, Gulvady AC, Turner CE, Manning ML, Henderson JH. Nuclear position relative to the Golgi body and nuclear orientation are differentially responsive indicators of cell polarized motility. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211408. [PMID: 30759123 PMCID: PMC6373915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is critical to biological processes from wound healing to cancer metastasis to embryonic development. The involvement of organelles in cell motility is well established, but the role of organelle positional reorganization in cell motility remains poorly understood. Here we present an automated image analysis technique for tracking the shape and motion of Golgi bodies and cell nuclei. We quantify the relationship between nuclear orientation and the orientation of the Golgi body relative to the nucleus before, during, and after exposure of mouse fibroblasts to a controlled change in cell substrate topography, from flat to wrinkles, designed to trigger polarized motility. We find that the cells alter their mean nuclei orientation, in terms of the nuclear major axis, to increasingly align with the wrinkle direction once the wrinkles form on the substrate surface. This change in alignment occurs within 8 hours of completion of the topographical transition. In contrast, the position of the Golgi body relative to the nucleus remains aligned with the pre-programmed wrinkle direction, regardless of whether it has been fully established. These findings indicate that intracellular positioning of the Golgi body precedes nuclear reorientation during mouse fibroblast directed migration on patterned substrates. We further show that both processes are Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) mediated as they are abolished by pharmacologic ROCK inhibition whereas mouse fibroblast motility is unaffected. The automated image analysis technique introduced could be broadly employed in the study of polarization and other cellular processes in diverse cell types and micro-environments. In addition, having found that the nuclei Golgi vector may be a more sensitive indicator of substrate features than the nuclei orientation, we anticipate the nuclei Golgi vector to be a useful metric for researchers studying the dynamics of cell polarity in response to different micro-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Brasch
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Passucci
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Anushree C. Gulvady
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - M. Lisa Manning
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - James H. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Buffington SL, Paul JE, Ali MM, Macios MM, Mather PT, Henderson JH. Enzymatically triggered shape memory polymers. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:88-97. [PMID: 30471473 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytocompatible shape memory polymers activated by thermal or photothermal triggers have been developed and established as powerful "smart material" platforms for both basic and translational research. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) that could be triggered directly by biological activity have not, in contrast, been reported. The goal of this study was to develop an SMP that responds directly to enzymatic activity and can do so under isothermal cell culture conditions. To achieve this goal, we designed an SMP with a shape fixing component, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), that is vulnerable to enzymatic degradation and a shape memory component, Pellethane, that is enzymatically stable - as the shape fixing component undergoes enzymatically-catalyzed degradation, the SMP returns to its original, programmed shape. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed material properties, shape memory performance, and cytocompatibility of the enzymatically-catalyzed shape memory response. The results demonstrate enzymatic recovery, as contraction of tensile specimens, using bulk enzymatic degradation experiments and show that shape recovery is achieved by degradation of the PCL shape-fixing phase. The results further showed that both the materials and the process of enzymatic shape recovery are cytocompatible. Thus, the SMP design reported here represents both an enzyme responsive material capable of applying a programmed shape change or direct mechanical force and an SMP that could respond directly to biological activity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cytocompatible shape memory polymers activated by thermal or photothermal triggers have become powerful "smart material" platforms for basic and translational research. Shape memory polymers that could be triggered directly by biological activity have not, in contrast, been reported. Here we report an enzymatically triggered shape memory polymer that changes its shape isothermally in response to enzymatic activity. We successfully demonstrate enzymatic recovery using bulk enzymatic degradation experiments and show that shape recovery is achieved by degradation of the shape-fixing phase. We further show that both the materials and the process of enzymatic shape recovery are cytocompatible. This new shape memory polymer design can be anticipated to enable new applications in basic and applied materials science as a stimulus responsive material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Buffington
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Justine E Paul
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Matthew M Ali
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, 235 Dana Engineering Building, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Mark M Macios
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Patrick T Mather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, 235 Dana Engineering Building, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 329 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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Cimmino C, Rossano L, Netti PA, Ventre M. Spatio-Temporal Control of Cell Adhesion: Toward Programmable Platforms to Manipulate Cell Functions and Fate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:190. [PMID: 30564573 PMCID: PMC6288377 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical signals of material surfaces potently regulate cell functions and fate. In particular, micro- and nano-scale patterns of adhesion signals can finely elicit and affect a plethora of signaling pathways ultimately affecting gene expression, in a process known as mechanotransduction. Our fundamental understanding of cell-material signals interaction and reaction is based on static culturing platforms, i.e., substrates exhibiting signals whose configuration is time-invariant. However, cells in-vivo are exposed to arrays of biophysical and biochemical signals that change in time and space and the way cells integrate these might eventually dictate their behavior. Advancements in fabrication technologies and materials engineering, have recently enabled the development of culturing platforms able to display patterns of biochemical and biophysical signals whose features change in time and space in response to external stimuli and according to selected programmes. These dynamic devices proved to be particularly helpful in shedding light on how cells adapt to a dynamic microenvironment or integrate spatio-temporal variations of signals. In this work, we present the most relevant findings in the context of dynamic platforms for controlling cell functions and fate in vitro. We place emphasis on the technological aspects concerning the fabrication of platforms displaying micro- and nano-scale dynamic signals and on the physical-chemical stimuli necessary to actuate the spatio-temporal changes of the signal patterns. In particular, we illustrate strategies to encode material surfaces with dynamic ligands and patterns thereof, topographic relieves and mechanical properties. Additionally, we present the most effective, yet cytocompatible methods to actuate the spatio-temporal changes of the signals. We focus on cell reaction and response to dynamic changes of signal presentation. Finally, potential applications of this new generation of culturing systems for in vitro and in vivo applications, including regenerative medicine and cell conditioning are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cimmino
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Rossano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventre
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
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Kim SJ, Tatman PD, Song DH, Gee AO, Kim DH, Kim SJ. Nanotopographic cues and stiffness control of tendon-derived stem cells from diverse conditions. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7217-7227. [PMID: 30510414 PMCID: PMC6231514 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are key factors associated with regeneration and healing in tendinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mechanical stiffness and topographic signals on the differentiation of TDSCs depending on age and pathological conditions. Materials and methods We compared TDSCs extracted from normal tendon tissues with TDSCs from tendinopathic Achilles tendon tissues of Sprague Dawley rats in vitro and TDSCs cultured on nanotopographic cues and substrate stiffness to determine how to control the TDSCs. The tendinopathy model was created using a chemical induction method, and the tendon injury model was created via an injury-and-overuse method. Norland Optical Adhesive 86 (NOA86) substrate with 2.48 GPa stiffness with and without 800 nm-wide nanogrooves and a polyurethane substrate with 800 nm-wide nanogrooves were used. Results TDSCs from 5-week-old normal tendon showed high expression of type III collagen on the flat NOA86 substrate. In the 15-week normal tendon model, expression of type III collagen was high in TDSCs cultured on the 800 nm NOA86 substrates. However, in the 15-week tendon injury model, expression of type III collagen was similar irrespective of nanotopographic cues or substrate stiffness. The expression of type I collagen was also independent of nanotopographic cues and substrate stiffness in the 15-week normal and tendon injury models. Gene expression of scleraxis was increased in TDSCs cultured on the flat NOA86 substrate in the 5-week normal tendon model (P=0.001). In the 15-week normal tendon model, scleraxis was highly expressed in TDSCs cultured on the 800 nm and flat NOA86 substrate (P=0.043). However, this gene expression was not significantly different between the substrates in the 5-week tendinopathy and 15-week tendon injury models. Conclusion Development and maturation of tendon are enhanced when TDSCs from normal tendons were cultured on stiff surface, but not when the TDSCs came from pathologic models. Therapeutic applications of TDSCs need to be flexible based on tendon age and tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jeong Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Philip D Tatman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Da-Hyun Song
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Albert O Gee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sang Jun Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Devarasetty M, Mazzocchi AR, Skardal A. Applications of Bioengineered 3D Tissue and Tumor Organoids in Drug Development and Precision Medicine: Current and Future. BioDrugs 2018; 32:53-68. [PMID: 29383499 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in biomedical and tissue engineering technologies, such as cell culture techniques, biomaterials, and biofabrication, have driven increasingly widespread use of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms and, subsequently, the use of organoids in a variety of research endeavors. Given the 3D nature of these organoid systems, and the frequent inclusion of extracellular matrix components, these constructs typically have more physiologically accurate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions than traditional 2D cell cultures. As a result, 3D organoids can serve as better model systems than their 2D counterparts. Moreover, as organoids can be biofabricated from highly functional human cells, they have certain advantages over animal models, being human in nature and more easily manipulated in the laboratory. In this review, we describe such organoid technologies and their deployment in drug development and precision medicine efforts. Organoid technologies are rapidly being developed for these applications and now represent a wide variety of tissue types and diseases. Evidence is emerging that organoids are poised for widespread adoption, not only in academia but also in the pharmaceutical industry and in clinical diagnostic applications, positioning them as indispensable tools in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Andrea R Mazzocchi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA. .,Virginia Tech - Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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30
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Boffito M, Di Meglio F, Mozetic P, Giannitelli SM, Carmagnola I, Castaldo C, Nurzynska D, Sacco AM, Miraglia R, Montagnani S, Vitale N, Brancaccio M, Tarone G, Basoli F, Rainer A, Trombetta M, Ciardelli G, Chiono V. Surface functionalization of polyurethane scaffolds mimicking the myocardial microenvironment to support cardiac primitive cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199896. [PMID: 29979710 PMCID: PMC6034803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds populated with human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a therapeutic opportunity for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. In this work, square-grid scaffolds are prepared by melt-extrusion additive manufacturing from a polyurethane (PU), further subjected to plasma treatment for acrylic acid surface grafting/polymerization and finally grafted with laminin-1 (PU-LN1) or gelatin (PU-G) by carbodiimide chemistry. LN1 is a cardiac niche extracellular matrix component and plays a key role in heart formation during embryogenesis, while G is a low-cost cell-adhesion protein, here used as a control functionalizing molecule. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows nitrogen percentage increase after functionalization. O1s and C1s core-level spectra and static contact angle measurements show changes associated with successful functionalization. ELISA assay confirms LN1 surface grafting. PU-G and PU-LN1 scaffolds both improve CPC adhesion, but LN1 functionalization is superior in promoting proliferation, protection from apoptosis and expression of differentiation markers for cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PU-LN1 and PU scaffolds are biodegraded into non-cytotoxic residues. Scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in mice evoke weak inflammation and integrate with the host tissue, evidencing a significant blood vessel density around the scaffolds. PU-LN1 scaffolds show their superiority in driving CPC behavior, evidencing their promising role in myocardial regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St.Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Carmagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Miraglia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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31
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Chung HH, Mireles M, Kwarta BJ, Gaborski TR. Use of porous membranes in tissue barrier and co-culture models. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1671-1689. [PMID: 29845145 PMCID: PMC5997570 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Porous membranes enable the partitioning of cellular microenvironments in vitro, while still allowing physical and biochemical crosstalk between cells, a feature that is often necessary for recapitulating physiological functions. This article provides an overview of the different membranes used in tissue barrier and cellular co-culture models with a focus on experimental design and control of these systems. Specifically, we discuss how the structural, mechanical, chemical, and even the optical and transport properties of different membranes bestow specific advantages and disadvantages through the context of physiological relevance. This review also explores how membrane pore properties affect perfusion and solute permeability by developing an analytical framework to guide the design and use of tissue barrier or co-culture models. Ultimately, this review offers insight into the important aspects one must consider when using porous membranes in tissue barrier and lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
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32
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Le V, Lee J, Chaterji S, Spencer A, Liu YL, Kim P, Yeh HC, Kim DH, Baker AB. Syndecan-1 in mechanosensing of nanotopological cues in engineered materials. Biomaterials 2018; 155:13-24. [PMID: 29156422 PMCID: PMC5738284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the vascular system are highly sensitive to biophysical cues from their local cellular microenvironment. To engineer improved materials for vascular devices and delivery of cell therapies, a key challenge is to understand the mechanisms that cells use to sense biophysical cues from their environment. Syndecans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that consist of a protein core modified with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. Due to their presence on the cell surface and their interaction with cytoskeletal and focal adhesion associated molecules, cell surface proteoglycans are well poised to serve as mechanosensors of the cellular microenvironment. Nanotopological cues have become recognized as major regulators of cell growth, migration and phenotype. We hypothesized that syndecan-1 could serve as a mechanosensor for nanotopological cues and can mediate the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle cells to nanoengineered materials. We created engineered substrates made of polyurethane acrylate with nanogrooves using ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography. We cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with knockout of syndecan-1 on engineered substrates with varying compliance and nanotopology. We found that knockout of syndecan-1 reduced alignment of vascular smooth muscle cells to the nanogrooves under inflammatory treatments. In addition, we found that loss of syndecan-1 increased nuclear localization of Yap/Taz and phospho-Smad2/3 in response to nanogrooves. Syndecan-1 knockout vascular smooth muscle cells also had elevated levels of Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (Rock1), leading to increased cell stiffness and an enhanced contractile state in the cells. Together, our findings support that syndecan-1 knockout leads to alterations in mechanosensing of nanotopographical cues through alterations of in rho-associated signaling pathways, cell mechanics and mediators of the Hippo and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Somali Chaterji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adrianne Spencer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron B Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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33
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Rational design of anti-inflammatory polymers inspired by apoptotic cell death using phosphoramidite chemistry. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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34
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Magnetic-Responsive Microparticles that Switch Shape at 37 °C. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Peterson GI, Dobrynin AV, Becker ML. Biodegradable Shape Memory Polymers in Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28941154 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory materials have emerged as an important class of materials in medicine due to their ability to change shape in response to a specific stimulus, enabling the simplification of medical procedures, use of minimally invasive techniques, and access to new treatment modalities. Shape memory polymers, in particular, are well suited for such applications given their excellent shape memory performance, tunable materials properties, minimal toxicity, and potential for biodegradation and resorption. This review provides an overview of biodegradable shape memory polymers that have been used in medical applications. The majority of biodegradable shape memory polymers are based on thermally responsive polyesters or polymers that contain hydrolyzable ester linkages. These materials have been targeted for use in applications pertaining to embolization, drug delivery, stents, tissue engineering, and wound closure. The development of biodegradable shape memory polymers with unique properties or responsiveness to novel stimuli has the potential to facilitate the optimization and development of new medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- The University of Akron Department of Polymer Science Akron OH 44325‐3909 USA
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- The University of Akron Department of Polymer Science Akron OH 44325‐3909 USA
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- The University of Akron Department of Polymer Science Akron OH 44325‐3909 USA
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Fleischer S, Feiner R, Dvir T. Cardiac tissue engineering: from matrix design to the engineering of bionic hearts. Regen Med 2017; 12:275-284. [PMID: 28498093 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of cardiac tissue engineering aims at replacing the scar tissue created after a patient has suffered from a myocardial infarction. Various technologies have been developed toward fabricating a functional engineered tissue that closely resembles that of the native heart. While the field continues to grow and techniques for better tissue fabrication continue to emerge, several hurdles still remain to be overcome. In this review we will focus on several key advances and recent technologies developed in the field, including biomimicking the natural extracellular matrix structure and enhancing the transfer of the electrical signal. We will also discuss recent developments in the engineering of bionic cardiac tissues which integrate the fields of tissue engineering and electronics to monitor and control tissue performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Fleischer
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Feiner
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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37
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Long J, Kim H, Kim D, Lee JB, Kim DH. A biomaterial approach to cell reprogramming and differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2375-2379. [PMID: 28966790 PMCID: PMC5616208 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03130g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent states and subsequent differentiation into certain phenotypes has helped progress regenerative medicine research and other medical applications. Recent research has used viral vectors to induce this reprogramming; however, limitations include low efficiency and safety concerns. In this review, we discuss how biomaterial methods offer potential avenues for either increasing viability and downstream applicability of viral methods, or providing a safer alternative. The use of non-viral delivery systems, such as electroporation, micro/nanoparticles, nucleic acids and the modulation of culture substrate topography and stiffness have generated valuable insights regarding cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Dajeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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38
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Uto K, Tsui JH, DeForest CA, Kim DH. Dynamically Tunable Cell Culture Platforms for Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 65:53-82. [PMID: 28522885 PMCID: PMC5432044 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are sophisticated ensembles of many distinct cell types embedded in the complex, but well-defined, structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dynamic biochemical, physicochemical, and mechano-structural changes in the ECM define and regulate tissue-specific cell behaviors. To recapitulate this complex environment in vitro, dynamic polymer-based biomaterials have emerged as powerful tools to probe and direct active changes in cell function. The rapid evolution of polymerization chemistries, structural modulation, and processing technologies, as well as the incorporation of stimuli-responsiveness, now permit synthetic microenvironments to capture much of the dynamic complexity of native tissue. These platforms are comprised not only of natural polymers chemically and molecularly similar to ECM, but those fully synthetic in origin. Here, we review recent in vitro efforts to mimic the dynamic microenvironment comprising native tissue ECM from the viewpoint of material design. We also discuss how these dynamic polymer-based biomaterials are being used in fundamental cell mechanobiology studies, as well as towards efforts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Uto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 4000 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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Smith AST, Macadangdang J, Leung W, Laflamme MA, Kim DH. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and tissue engineering strategies for disease modeling and drug screening. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:77-94. [PMID: 28007615 PMCID: PMC5237393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Improved methodologies for modeling cardiac disease phenotypes and accurately screening the efficacy and toxicity of potential therapeutic compounds are actively being sought to advance drug development and improve disease modeling capabilities. To that end, much recent effort has been devoted to the development of novel engineered biomimetic cardiac tissue platforms that accurately recapitulate the structure and function of the human myocardium. Within the field of cardiac engineering, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an exciting tool that offer the potential to advance the current state of the art, as they are derived from somatic cells, enabling the development of personalized medical strategies and patient specific disease models. Here we review different aspects of iPSC-based cardiac engineering technologies. We highlight methods for producing iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and discuss their application to compound efficacy/toxicity screening and in vitro modeling of prevalent cardiac diseases. Special attention is paid to the application of micro- and nano-engineering techniques for the development of novel iPSC-CM based platforms and their potential to advance current preclinical screening modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Winnie Leung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Abdeen AA, Lee J, Bharadwaj NA, Ewoldt RH, Kilian KA. Temporal Modulation of Stem Cell Activity Using Magnetoactive Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2536-2544. [PMID: 27276521 PMCID: PMC5061612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell activity is coordinated by dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix, often through stimuli-mediated spatiotemporal stiffening and softening. Dynamic changes in mechanics occur in vivo through enzymatic or chemical means, processes which are challenging to reconstruct in cell culture materials. Here a magnetoactive hydrogel material formed by embedding magnetic particles in a hydrogel matrix is presented whereby elasticity can be modulated reversibly by attenuation of a magnetic field. Orders of magnitude change in elasticity using low magnetic fields are shown and reversibility of stiffening with simple permanent magnets is demonstrated. The broad applicability of this technique is demonstrated with two therapeutically relevant bioactivities in mesenchymal stem cells: secretion of proangiogenic molecules, and dynamic control of osteogenesis. The ability to reversibly stiffen cell culture materials across the full spectrum of soft tissue mechanics, using simple materials and commercially available permanent magnets, makes this approach viable for a broad range of laboratory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - N Ashwin Bharadwaj
- Department of Mechanical Scienceand Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Scienceand Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Ventre M, Netti PA. Nanoengineered materials to control cell fate. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:993-6. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ventre
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Industrial Production Engineering & Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Industrial Production Engineering & Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
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