1
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Liu C, Pei M, Li Q, Zhang Y. Decellularized extracellular matrix mediates tissue construction and regeneration. Front Med 2022; 16:56-82. [PMID: 34962624 PMCID: PMC8976706 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional (3D) structural integrity and cellular-function regulation. Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell-matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo. However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. Cultured cells also produce rich ECM, particularly stromal cells. Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well. Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select, produce, and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration. Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed. Moreover, current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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2
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Park J, Choi JK, Choi DH, Lee KE, Park YS. Optimization of skeletal muscle-derived fibroblast isolation and purification without the preplating method. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:557-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Sthanam LK, Roy T, Patwardhan S, Shukla A, Sharma S, Shinde PV, Kale HT, Chandra Shekar P, Kondabagil K, Sen S. MMP modulated differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells on engineered cell derived matrices. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121268. [PMID: 34871878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is dictated by the dynamic crosstalk between cells and their underlying extracellular matrix. While the importance of matrix degradation mediated by enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the context of cancer invasion is well established, the role of MMPs in stem cell differentiation remains relatively unexplored. Here we address this question by assaying MMP expression and activity during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) derived matrices (MEFDMs) of varying stiffness and composition. We show that mESC differentiation into different germ layers is associated with expression of several MMPs including MMP-11, 2, 17, 25 and 9, with MMP-9 detected in cell secreted media. Different extents of softening of the different MEFDMs led to altered integrin expression, activated distinct mechanotransduction and metabolic pathways, and induced expression of germ layer-specific markers. Inhibition of MMP proteolytic activity by the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 led to alterations in germ layer commitment of the differentiating mESCs. Together, our results illustrate the effect of MMPs in regulating mESC differentiation on engineered cell derived matrices and establish MEFDMs as suitable substrates for understanding molecular mechanisms regulating stem cell development and for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanusri Roy
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India; Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer - Tata Memorial Centre (ACTREC-TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Avi Shukla
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shipra Sharma
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradip V Shinde
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Kiran Kondabagil
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department. of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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4
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Barai A, Das A, Sen S. Measuring microenvironment-tuned nuclear stiffness of cancer cells with atomic force microscopy. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100296. [PMID: 33532741 PMCID: PMC7829340 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of nuclear stiffness is challenging for cells encapsulated within a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we describe an experimental setup for measuring microenvironment-dependent tuning of nuclear stiffness using an atomic force microscope (AFM). In our setup, ECM-coated polyacrylamide hydrogels mimic the stiffness of the microenvironment, enabling the measurement of nuclear stiffness using an AFM probe in live cancer cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Das et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2019.01.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Barai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shamik Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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5
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Glycocalyx disruption enhances motility, proliferation and collagen synthesis in diabetic fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118955. [PMID: 33421533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing represents one of the most debilitating side effects of Diabetes mellitus. Though the role of fibroblasts in wound healing is well-known, the extent to which their function is altered in the context of diabetes remains incompletely understood. Here, we address this question by comparing the phenotypes of healthy dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and diabetic dermal fibroblasts (DDFs). We show that DDFs are more elongated but less motile and less contractile than HDFs. Reduced motility of DDFs is attributed to formation of larger focal adhesions stabilized by a bulky glycocalyx, associated with increased expression of the cell surface glycoprotein mucin 16 (MUC 16). Disruption of the glycocalyx not only restored DDF motility to levels comparable to that of HDFs, but also led to increased proliferation and collagen synthesis. Collectively, our results illustrate the influence of glycocalyx disruption on mechanics of diabetic fibroblasts relevant to cell motility.
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6
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Sart S, Jeske R, Chen X, Ma T, Li Y. Engineering Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrices: Decellularization, Characterization, and Biological Function. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:402-422. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratory of Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Department of Genome and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Shi Y, Wang X, Xu Z, He Y, Guo C, He L, Huan C, Cai C, Huang J, Zhang J, Li Y, Zeng C, Zhang X, Wang L, Ke Y, Cheng H. PDLIM5 inhibits STUB1-mediated degradation of SMAD3 and promotes the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13798-13811. [PMID: 32737199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays an important role in regulating tumor malignancy, including in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The major biological responses of TGFβ signaling are determined by the effector proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3. However, the regulators of TGFβ-SMAD signaling are not completely revealed yet. Here, we showed that the scaffolding protein PDLIM5 (PDZ and LIM domain protein 5, ENH) critically promotes TGFβ signaling by maintaining SMAD3 stability in NSCLC. First, PDLIM5 was highly expressed in NSCLC compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, and high PDLIM5 expression was associated with poor outcome. Knockdown of PDLIM5 in NSCLC cells decreased migration and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo In addition, TGFβ signaling and TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was repressed by PDLIM5 knockdown. Mechanistically, PDLIM5 knockdown resulted in a reduction of SMAD3 protein levels. Overexpression of SMAD3 reversed the TGFβ-signaling-repressing and anti-migration effects induced by PDLIM5 knockdown. Notably, PDLIM5 interacted with SMAD3 but not SMAD2 and competitively suppressed the interaction between SMAD3 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1. Therefore, PDLIM5 protected SMAD3 from STUB1-mediated proteasome degradation. STUB1 knockdown restored SMAD3 protein levels, cell migration, and invasion in PDLIM5-knockdown cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that PDLIM5 is a novel regulator of basal SMAD3 stability, with implications for controlling TGFβ signaling and NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Shi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caijuan Huan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Ejaz A, Hatzmann FM, Hammerle S, Ritthammer H, Mattesich M, Zwierzina M, Waldegger P, Zwerschke W. Fibroblast feeder layer supports adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Adipocyte 2019; 8:178-189. [PMID: 31033380 PMCID: PMC6768258 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1608751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) can differentiate into adipocytes in the course of adipogenesis. This process is governed by systemic factors and signals of the adipose stem cell niche. ASCs isolated from fat tissues and amplified in vitro provide an essential and reliable model system to study adipogenesis. However, current cell culture models routinely grow ASCs on plastic surfaces largely missing niche parameters. In the present communication, we employed human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) monolayers as feeder cells for ASCs, which were isolated from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue and amplified in vitro. We found that PPARγ2 and several adipocyte markers were significantly higher expressed in differentiated ASCs growing on feeder layers relative to plastic dishes. Moreover, a significant higher number of adipocytes was generated from ASCs cultured on feeder layer and these adipocytes contained larger fat droplets. Insulin strongly stimulated glucose uptake into adipocytes produced on feeder layer suggesting that these cells show characteristic metabolic features of fat cells. Finally, we show that the HFF feeder layer allows adipogenic differentiation of low-density-seeded ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the HFF feeder layer increases adipocyte differentiation of ASCs and allows differentiation of low density seeded progenitor cells into functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Hammerle
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heike Ritthammer
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Iwashita M, Ohta H, Fujisawa T, Cho M, Ikeya M, Kidoaki S, Kosodo Y. Brain-stiffness-mimicking tilapia collagen gel promotes the induction of dorsal cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3068. [PMID: 30816128 PMCID: PMC6395773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment, including its stiffness, play a crucial role in stem cell fate determination. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the developing brain exhibits spatiotemporal diversity in stiffness, it remains unclear how stiffness regulates stem cell fate towards specific neural lineages. Here, we established a culture substrate that reproduces the stiffness of brain tissue using tilapia collagen for in vitro reconstitution assays. By adding crosslinkers, we obtained gels that are similar in stiffness to living brain tissue (150-1500 Pa). We further examined the capability of the gels serving as a substrate for stem cell culture and the effect of stiffness on neural lineage differentiation using human iPS cells. Surprisingly, exposure to gels with a stiffness of approximately 1500 Pa during the early period of neural induction promoted the production of dorsal cortical neurons. These findings suggest that brain-stiffness-mimicking gel has the potential to determine the terminal neural subtype. Taken together, the crosslinked tilapia collagen gel is expected to be useful in various reconstitution assays that can be used to explore the role of stiffness in neurogenesis and neural functions. The enhanced production of dorsal cortical neurons may also provide considerable advantages for neural regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Iwashita
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hatsumi Ohta
- Ihara & Co, Ltd, 3-263-23, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, 947-0261, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujisawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Minyoung Cho
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoru Kidoaki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kosodo
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
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Evidence of Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis and Release in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:262-276. [PMID: 29032399 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are considered a source of bioactive molecules that modulate their microenvironment by acting on intercellular communication. Either intracellular endosomal machinery or their derived EVs have been considered a relevant system of signal circuits processing. Herein, we show that these features are found in mESCs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed structures and organelles of the endosomal system such as coated pits and endocytosis-related vesicles, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) containing either few or many intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that could be released as exosomes to extracellular milieu. Besides, budding vesicles shed from the plasma membrane to the extracellular space is suggestive of microvesicle biogenesis in mESCs. mESCs and mouse blastocyst express specific markers of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) system. Ultrastructural analysis and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of isolated EVs revealed a heterogeneous population of exosomes and microvesicles released by mESCs. These vesicles contain Wnt10b and the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4) and also the co-chaperone stress inducible protein 1 (STI1) and its partner Hsp90. Wnt10b and Dll4 colocalize with EVs biogenesis markers in mESCs. Overall, the present study supports the function of the mESCs endocytic network and their EVs as players in stem cell biology.
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Sthanam LK, Saxena N, Mistari VK, Roy T, Jadhav SR, Sen S. Initial Priming on Soft Substrates Enhances Subsequent Topography-Induced Neuronal Differentiation in ESCs but Not in MSCs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:180-192. [PMID: 33405870 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into neurogenic lineage is of great interest for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. While the role of chemical cues in regulating stem cell fate is well appreciated, the identification of physical cues has revolutionized the field of tissue engineering leading to development of scaffolds encoding one or more physical cues for inducing stem cell differentiation. In this study, using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we have tested if stiffness and topography can be collectively tuned for inducing neuronal differentiation by culturing these cells on polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying stiffness (5, 10, and 20 kPa) containing rectangular grooves (10, 15, and 25 μm in width). While hMSCs maximally elongate and express neuronal markers on soft 5 kPa gels containing 10/15 μm grooves, single mESCs are unable to sense topographical features when cultured directly on grooved gels. However, this inability to sense topography is rescued by priming mESCs initially on soft 1 kPa flat gels and then replating these cells onto the grooved gels. Compared to direct culture on the grooved gels, this sequential adaptation increases both viability as well as neuronal differentiation. However, this two-step process does not enhance neuronal marker expression in hMSCs. In addition to highlighting important differences between hMSCs and mESCs in their responsiveness to physical cues, our study suggests that conditioning on soft substrates is essential for inducing topography-mediated neuronal differentiation in mESCs.
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12
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Transfection of gene regulation nanoparticles complexed with pDNA and shRNA controls multilineage differentiation of hMSCs. Biomaterials 2018; 177:1-13. [PMID: 29883913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and knockdown of specific proteins can control stem cell differentiation for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we fabricated RUNX2, SOX9, and C/EBPα plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) and ATF4-targeting shRNA (shATF4) to induce osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The pDNAs and shATF4 were complexed with TRITC-gene regulation nanoparticles (GRN). Osteogenesis-related gene expression was reduced at early (12 h) and late (36 h) time points after co-delivery of shATF4 and SOX9 or C/EBPα pDNA, respectively, and osteogenesis was inhibited in these hMSCs. By contrast, osteogenesis-related genes were highly expressed upon co-delivery of RUNX2 and ATF4 pDNAs. DEX in GRN enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Expression of osteogenesis-, chondrogenesis-, and adipogenesis-related genes was higher in hMSCs transfected with NPs complexed with RUNX2 and ATF4 pDNAs, shATF4 and SOX9 pDNA, and shATF4 and C/EBPα pDNA for 72 h than in control hMSCs, respectively. Moreover, delivery of these NPs also increased expression of osteogenesis-, chondrogenesis-, and adipogenesis-related proteins. These alterations in expression led to morphological changes, indicating that hMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipose cells.
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Kim HJ, Park JS, Yi SW, Oh HJ, Kim JH, Park KH. Sequential transfection of RUNX2/SP7 and ATF4 coated onto dexamethasone-loaded nanospheresenhances osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1447. [PMID: 29362501 PMCID: PMC5780485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of gene transfection greatly influences stem cell differentiation. Sequential transfection is crucial for regulation of cell behavior. When transfected several days after differentiation initiation, genes expressed at the late stage of differentiation can regulate cell behaviors and functions. To determine the optimal timing of key gene delivery, we sequentially transfected human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This method can easily control osteogenesis of stem cells. hMSCs were first transfected with RUNX2 and SP7 using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to induce osteogenesis, and then with ATF4 after 5, 7, and 14 days. Prior to transfecting hMSCs with all three genes, each gene was individually transfected and its expression was monitored. Transfection of these genes was confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. The pDNAs entered the nuclei of hMSCs, and RUNX2 and SP7 proteins were translated and triggered osteogenesis. Second, the ATF4 gene was delivered when cells were at the pre-osteoblasts stage. To induce the osteogenesis of hMSCs, the optimal timing of ATF4 gene delivery was 14 days after RUNX2/SP7 transfection. Experiments in 2- and 3-dimensional culture systems confirmed that transfection of ATF4 at 14 days after RUNX2/SP7 promoted osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Hyun Jyung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea.
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 6F, CHA Biocomplex, 689 Sampyeong-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 134-88, Korea.
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