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Grattoni A, Korbutt G, Tomei AA, García AJ, Pepper AR, Stabler C, Brehm M, Papas K, Citro A, Shirwan H, Millman JR, Melero-Martin J, Graham M, Sefton M, Ma M, Kenyon N, Veiseh O, Desai TA, Nostro MC, Marinac M, Sykes M, Russ HA, Odorico J, Tang Q, Ricordi C, Latres E, Mamrak NE, Giraldo J, Poznansky MC, de Vos P. Harnessing cellular therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus: progress, challenges, and the road ahead. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01029-0. [PMID: 39227741 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a growing global health concern that affects approximately 8.5 million individuals worldwide. T1DM is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to a disruption in glucose homeostasis. Therapeutic intervention for T1DM requires a complex regimen of glycaemic monitoring and the administration of exogenous insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. Advances in continuous glucose monitoring and algorithm-driven insulin delivery devices have improved the quality of life of patients. Despite this, mimicking islet function and complex physiological feedback remains challenging. Pancreatic islet transplantation represents a potential functional cure for T1DM but is hindered by donor scarcity, variability in harvested cells, aggressive immunosuppressive regimens and suboptimal clinical outcomes. Current research is directed towards generating alternative cell sources, improving transplantation methods, and enhancing cell survival without chronic immunosuppression. This Review maps the progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM and outlines the remaining challenges and future directions. We explore the state-of-the-art strategies for generating replenishable β cells, cell delivery technologies and local targeted immune modulation. Finally, we highlight relevant animal models and the regulatory aspects for advancing these technologies towards clinical deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gregory Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alice A Tomei
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew R Pepper
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cherie Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Klearchos Papas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Millman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Juan Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michael Sefton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Norma Kenyon
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Brown University, School of Engineering, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Megan Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jon Odorico
- UW Health Transplant Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
- Gladstone Institute of Genomic Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Esther Latres
- Research Department, Breakthrough T1D, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jaime Giraldo
- Research Department, Breakthrough T1D, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Grimus S, Sarangova V, Welzel PB, Ludwig B, Seissler J, Kemter E, Wolf E, Ali A. Immunoprotection Strategies in β-Cell Replacement Therapy: A Closer Look at Porcine Islet Xenotransplantation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401385. [PMID: 38884159 PMCID: PMC11336975 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency primarily due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The prevailing treatment for T1DM involves daily subcutaneous insulin injections, but a substantial proportion of patients face challenges such as severe hypoglycemic episodes and poorly controlled hyperglycemia. For T1DM patients, a more effective therapeutic option involves the replacement of β-cells through allogeneic transplantation of either the entire pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of transplantable human organs has led to a growing list of patients waiting for an islet transplant. One potential alternative is xenotransplantation of porcine pancreatic islets. However, due to inter-species molecular incompatibilities, porcine tissues trigger a robust immune response in humans, leading to xenograft rejection. Several promising strategies aim to overcome this challenge and enhance the long-term survival and functionality of xenogeneic islet grafts. These strategies include the use of islets derived from genetically modified pigs, immunoisolation of islets by encapsulation in biocompatible materials, and the creation of an immunomodulatory microenvironment by co-transplanting islets with accessory cells or utilizing immunomodulatory biomaterials. This review concentrates on delineating the primary obstacles in islet xenotransplantation and elucidates the fundamental principles and recent breakthroughs aimed at addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grimus
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
| | - Victoria Sarangova
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials DresdenD‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials DresdenD‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01307DresdenGermany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität DresdenD‐01307DresdenGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)D‐85764NeuherbergGermany
- DFG‐Center for Regenerative Therapies DresdenTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01307DresdenGermany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVDiabetes Zentrum – Campus InnenstadtKlinikum der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenD‐80336MunichGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)D‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)D‐85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Asghar Ali
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and BiotechnologyGene Center and Department of Veterinary SciencesLMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM)LMU MunichD‐85764OberschleißheimGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU)LMU MunichD‐81377MunichGermany
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Aguilar-Pineda J, González-Melchor M. Influence of the Water Model on the Structure and Interactions of the GPR40 Protein with the Lipid Membrane and the Solvent: Rigid versus Flexible Water Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6369-6387. [PMID: 38991114 PMCID: PMC11270832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are responsible for modulating various physiological functions and are thus related to the pathophysiology of different diseases. Being potential therapeutic targets, multiple computational methodologies have been developed to analyze their behavior and interactions with other species. The solvent, on the other hand, has received much less attention. In this work, we analyzed the effect of four explicit water models on the structure and interactions of the GPR40 receptor in its apo form. We employed the rigid SPC/E and TIP4P models, and their flexible versions, the FBA/ϵ and TIP4P/ϵflex. We explored the structural changes and their correlation with some bulk dynamic properties of water. Our results showed an adverse effect on the conservation of the secondary structure of the receptor with all the models due to the breaking of the intramolecular hydrogen bond network, being more evident for the TIP4P models. Notably, all four models brought the receptor to states similar to the active one, modifying the intracellular part of the TM5 and TM6 domains in a "hinge" type movement, allowing the opening of the structure. Regarding the dynamic properties, the rigid models showed results comparable to those obtained in other studies on membrane systems. However, flexible models exhibit disparities in the molecular representation of systems. Surprisingly, the FBA/ϵ model improves the molecular picture of several properties, even though their agreement with bulk diffusion is poorer. These findings reinforce our idea that exploring other water models or improving the current ones, to better represent the membrane interface, can lead to a positive impact on the description of the signal transduction mechanisms and the search of new drugs by targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge
Alberto Aguilar-Pineda
- Instituto de Física
“Luis Rivera Terrazas”, Benemérita Universidad
Autónoma de Puebla, Av San Claudio, Cd Universitaria, Apdo. Postal
J-48, Puebla 72570, México
| | - Minerva González-Melchor
- Instituto de Física
“Luis Rivera Terrazas”, Benemérita Universidad
Autónoma de Puebla, Av San Claudio, Cd Universitaria, Apdo. Postal
J-48, Puebla 72570, México
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Nguyen TT, Kil YS, Sung JH, Youn YS, Jeong JH, Lee JH, Jiang HL, Yook S, Nam JW, Jeong JH. Fabrication of stem cell heterospheroids with sustained-release chitosan and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to guide cell fate toward chondrogenic differentiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130356. [PMID: 38395283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies show great potential in treating various diseases. However, control of the fate of injected cells needs to be improved. In this work, we developed an efficient methodology for modulating chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We fabricated heterospheroids with two sustained-release depots, a quaternized chitosan microsphere (QCS-MP) and a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere (PLGA-MP). The results show that heterospheroids composed of 1 × 104 to 5 × 104 MSCs formed rapidly during incubation in methylcellulose medium and maintained high cell viability in long-term culture. The MPs were uniformly distributed in the heterospheroids, as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Incorporation of transforming growth factor beta 3 into QCS-MPs and of dexamethasone into PLGA-MPs significantly promoted the expression of chondrogenic genes and high accumulation of glycosaminoglycan in heterospheroids. Changes in crucial metabolites in the dual drug depot-engineered heterospheroids were also evaluated using 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis to verify their successful chondrogenic differentiation. Our heterospheroid fabrication platform could be used in tissue engineering to study the effects of various therapeutic agents on stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiep Tien Nguyen
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Wu M, Hong C, Shen C, Xie D, Chen T, Wu A, Li Q. Polydopamine nanomaterials and their potential applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2289846. [PMID: 38069584 PMCID: PMC10987051 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2289846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional treatment methods used for the management of autoimmune diseases (ADs) have limited efficacy and also exhibit significant side effects. Thus, identification of novel strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of ADs treatment is urgently required. Overactivated immune response and oxidative stress are common characteristics associated with ADs. Polydopamine (PDA), as a polymer material with good antioxidant and photothermal conversion properties, has displayed useful application potential against ADs. In addition, PDA possesses good biosafety, simple preparation, and easy functionalization, which is conducive for the pharmacological development of PDA nanomaterials with clinical transformation prospects. Here, we have first reviewed the preparation of PDA, the different functional integration strategies of PDA-based biomaterials, and their potential applications in ADs. Next, the mechanism of action of PDA in ADs has been elaborated in detail. Finally, the application opportunities and challenges linked with PDA nanomaterials for ADs treatment are discussed. This review is contributed to design reasonable and effective PDA nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiang Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Hong
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo, China
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Chunjuan Shen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiaxing University Affilated Maternity and Child Hospital, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Xie
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Le Tran P, Pham TT, Lee HS, Hahn S, Choi JU, Kim JH, Jiang HL, Yook S, Jeong JH. Magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islets using tissue-adhesive particles containing iron oxide nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 364:37-45. [PMID: 37813125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplantation tracking of pancreatic islets is a prerequisite for advancing cell therapy to treat type 1 diabetes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a safe and non-invasive technique for visualizing cells in clinical applications. In this study, we proposed a novel MRI contrast agent formulation by encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles functionalized with a tissue adhesive polydopamine (PD) layer (IONP-PLGA-PD MS). Intriguingly, our particles facilitated efficient and robust labeling through a one-step process, allowing for the incorporation of a substantial amount of IONPs without detrimental impacts on the viability and functionality of pancreatic islets. The MRI signals emanating from islets labeled using our particles were found to be stable over 30 days in vitro and 60 days when transplanted under kidney capsules of diabetic mice. These results suggest that our approach provides a potential platform for monitoring the fate of pancreatic islets after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Le Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Thanh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sin Lee
- R&D Center, Cellstormer, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Hahn
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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8
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Zhang ZJ, Ding LY, Zuo XL, Feng H, Xia Q. A new paradigm in transplant immunology: At the crossroad of synthetic biology and biomaterials. MED 2023:S2666-6340(23)00142-3. [PMID: 37244257 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients require meticulously tailored immunosuppressive regimens to minimize graft loss and mortality. Traditional approaches focus on inhibiting effector T cells, while the intricate and dynamic immune responses mediated by other components remain unsolved. Emerging advances in synthetic biology and material science have provided novel treatment modalities with increased diversity and precision to the transplantation community. This review investigates the active interface between these two fields, highlights how living and non-living structures can be engineered and integrated for immunomodulation, and discusses their potential application in addressing the challenges in SOT clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lu-Yue Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zuo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China; Punan Branch (Shanghai Punan Hospital), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China.
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9
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Jin Z, Huang X, Tan W, Luo X, Cen L, Zhou Y. Synergetic effect of 3D porous microsphere structure and activation of adenosine A2B receptor signal on promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213457. [PMID: 37172432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable microspheres offer great potential as functional building blocks for bottom-up bone tissue engineering. However, it remains challenging to understand and regulate cell behaviors in fabrication of injectable bone microtissues using microspheres. The study aims to develop an adenosine functionalized poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere to enhance cell loading efficiency and inductive osteogenesis potential, and subsequently to investigate adenosine signaling-mediated osteogenic differentiation in cells grown on three-dimensional (3D) microspheres and flat control. Adenosine was loaded on PLGA porous microspheres via polydopamine coating, and the cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were improved on these microspheres. It was found that adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) was further activated by adenosine treatment, which consequently enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This effect was more obvious on 3D microspheres compared to 2D flats. However, the promotion of osteogenesis on the 3D microspheres was not eliminated by blocking the A2BR with antagonist. Finally, adenosine functionalized microspheres could fabricate injectable microtissues in vitro, and improve cell delivery and osteogenic differentiation after injection in vivo. Therefore, it is considered that adenosine loaded PLGA porous microspheres will be of good value in minimally invasive injection surgery and bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Wensong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xusong Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Tran PL, Kim JH, Jung YH, Lee DC, Choi JU, Le DN, Nam JW, Shrestha M, Kim JY, Pham TT, Jeong J. Prolongation of graft survival via layer-by-layer assembly of collagen and immunosuppressive particles on pancreatic islets. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Huang H, Shang Y, Li H, Feng Q, Liu Y, Chen J, Dong H. Co-transplantation of Islets-Laden Microgels and Biodegradable O 2-Generating Microspheres for Diabetes Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38448-38458. [PMID: 35980755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets transplantation is an optimal alternative to exogenous insulin injection for long-term effective type 1 diabetes treatment. However, direct islets transplantation without any protection can induce cell necrosis due to severe host immune rejection. Insufficient O2 supply induced by the lack of capillary network at the early stage of islets transplantation is another critical constraint limiting islets survival and insulin-secretion function. In this paper, we design a novel co-transplantation system composed of islets-laden nanocomposite microgels and O2-generating microspheres. In particular, nanocomposite microgels confer the encapsulated islets with simultaneous physical protection and chemical anti-inflammation/immunosuppression by covalently anchoring rapamycin-loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles to microgel network. Meanwhile, O2-generating microspheres prepared by blending inorganic peroxides in biodegradable polycaprolactone and polylactic acid can generate in situ O2 gas and thus avoid hypoxia environment around transplanted islets. In vivo therapeutic effect of diabetic mice proves the reversion of the high blood glucose level back to normoglycemia and superior glucose tolerance for at least 90 days post co-transplantation. In brief, the localized drug and oxygen codelivery, as well as physical protection provided by our co-transplantation system, has the potential to overcome to a large extent the inflammatory, hypoxia, and host immune rejection after islets transplantation. This new strategy may have wider application in other cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yulian Shang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haofei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Junlin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hua Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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12
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Nguyen TT, Pham DV, Park J, Phung CD, Nepal MR, Pandit M, Shrestha M, Son Y, Joshi M, Jeong TC, Park PH, Choi DY, Chang JH, Kim JH, Kim JR, Kim IK, Yong CS, Kim JO, Sung JH, Jiang HL, Kim HS, Yook S, Jeong JH. Engineering of hybrid spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells and drug depots for immunomodulating effect in islet xenotransplantation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8614. [PMID: 36001671 PMCID: PMC9401619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulation is an essential consideration for cell replacement procedures. Unfortunately, lifelong exposure to nonspecific systemic immunosuppression results in immunodeficiency and has toxic effects on nonimmune cells. Here, we engineered hybrid spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with rapamycin-releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (RAP-MPs) to prevent immune rejection of islet xenografts in diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Hybrid spheroids were rapidly formed by incubating cell-particle mixture in methylcellulose solution while maintaining high cell viability. RAP-MPs were uniformly distributed in hybrid spheroids and sustainably released RAP for ~3 weeks. Locoregional transplantation of hybrid spheroids containing low doses of RAP-MPs (200- to 4000-ng RAP per recipient) significantly prolonged islet survival times and promoted the generation of regional regulatory T cells. Enhanced programmed death-ligand 1 expression by MSCs was found to be responsible for the immunomodulatory performance of hybrid spheroids. Our results suggest that these hybrid spheroids offer a promising platform for the efficient use of MSCs in the transplantation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc-Vinh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Pandit
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Youlim Son
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Mili Joshi
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kug Kim
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Epibiotech Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bu Y, Pandit A. Cohesion mechanisms for bioadhesives. Bioact Mater 2022; 13:105-118. [PMID: 35224295 PMCID: PMC8843969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the nature of non-invasive wound closure, the ability to close different forms of leaks, and the potential to immobilize various devices, bioadhesives are altering clinical practices. As one of the vital factors, bioadhesives' strength is determined by adhesion and cohesion mechanisms. As well as being essential for adhesion strength, the cohesion mechanism also influences their bulk functions and the way the adhesives can be applied. Although there are many published reports on various adhesion mechanisms, cohesion mechanisms have rarely been addressed. In this review, we have summarized the most used cohesion mechanisms. Furthermore, the relationship of cohesion strategies and adhesion strategies has been discussed, including employing the same functional groups harnessed for adhesion, using combinational approaches, and exploiting different strategies for cohesion mechanism. By providing a comprehensive insight into cohesion strategies, the paper has been integrated to offer a roadmap to facilitate the commercialization of bioadhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Bu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Abstract
The successful transplantation of stem cells has the potential to transform regenerative medicine approaches and open promising avenues to repair, replace, and regenerate diseased, damaged, or aged tissues. However, pre-/post-transplantation issues of poor cell survival, retention, cell fate regulation, and insufficient integration with host tissues constitute significant challenges. The success of stem cell transplantation depends upon the coordinated sequence of stem cell renewal, specific lineage differentiation, assembly, and maintenance of long-term function. Advances in biomaterials can improve pre-/post-transplantation outcomes by integrating biophysiochemical cues and emulating tissue microenvironments. This review highlights leading biomaterials-based approaches for enhancing stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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15
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Ju Y, Liao H, Richardson JJ, Guo J, Caruso F. Nanostructured particles assembled from natural building blocks for advanced therapies. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4287-4336. [PMID: 35471996 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00343g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies against a range of challenging diseases. Naturally derived macromolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols) have increasingly found use as fundamental building blocks for nanostructured particles as their advantageous properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, inherent bioactivity, and diverse chemical properties make them suitable for advanced therapeutic applications. This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of the use of a broad range of natural building blocks in the rapidly developing field of advanced therapeutics with insights specific to nanostructured particles. We focus on an up-to-date overview of the assembly of nanostructured particles using natural building blocks and summarize their key scientific and preclinical milestones for advanced therapies, including adoptive cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, active targeted drug delivery, photoacoustic therapy and imaging, photothermal therapy, and combinational therapy. A cross-comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different natural building blocks are highlighted to elucidate the key design principles for such bio-derived nanoparticles toward improving their performance and adoption. Current challenges and future research directions are also discussed, which will accelerate our understanding of designing, engineering, and applying nanostructured particles for advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. .,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Haotian Liao
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. .,Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Joseph J Richardson
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junling Guo
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. .,Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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16
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Bentley ER, Little SR. Local delivery strategies to restore immune homeostasis in the context of inflammation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113971. [PMID: 34530013 PMCID: PMC8556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by a precise balance between effector immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Chronic deviations from immune homeostasis, driven by a greater ratio of effector to regulatory cues, can promote the development and propagation of inflammatory diseases/conditions (i.e., autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, etc.). Current methods to treat chronic inflammation rely upon systemic administration of non-specific small molecules, resulting in broad immunosuppression with unwanted side effects. Consequently, recent studies have developed more localized and specific immunomodulatory approaches to treat inflammation through the use of local biomaterial-based delivery systems. In particular, this review focuses on (1) local biomaterial-based delivery systems, (2) common materials used for polymeric-delivery systems and (3) emerging immunomodulatory trends used to treat inflammation with increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bentley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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17
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The impact of locally-delivered tacrolimus-releasing microspheres and polyethylene glycol-based islet surface modification on xenogeneic islet survival. J Control Release 2021; 336:274-284. [PMID: 34144106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet replacement therapy is an advanced choice for severe cases of type I diabetes. Nevertheless, extensive host immune response toward islet grafts remains a huge challenge for long-term graft function, and a lack of islet donors further increases the difficulties associated with upscaling this therapy. Mounting evidence suggests local delivery of immunosuppressive agents provides a feasible means of enhancing graft-protection. Among many immunosuppressants, tacrolimus (FK506) is one of the most potent interleukin-2 (IL-2)-mediated T-cell proliferation blockers. Here, we reported the effect of locally-delivered FK506-releasing PLGA microspheres (FK506-M) combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based islet surface modification on xenogeneic islet survival in C57BL/6 mouse model. FK506-M was prepared using an emulsion method to a particle size of 10-40 μm and released FK506 over 40 days in vitro. Around 80% of the initial dose of FK506-M stably localized near transplanted islets, as observed under a bioimaging instrument and by immunofluorescence staining of islet grafts. Interestingly, FK506-M at very low-doses (equivalent to 150 to 2400 ng FK506 per recipient) was found to inhibit the infiltration of immune cells into grafts and reduce serum IL-1β levels, thereby improving graft survival times dose-dependently. The PEGylation of islets alone was not enough to protect islets from early rejection. However, combined treatment with FK506-M additively prolonged xenograft survival. In conclusion, this study describes a safe, effective approach for translating a systemic exposure-free local drug delivery into clinical trials of islet transplantation.
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Wu D, Zhou J, Creyer MN, Yim W, Chen Z, Messersmith PB, Jokerst JV. Phenolic-enabled nanotechnology: versatile particle engineering for biomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4432-4483. [PMID: 33595004 PMCID: PMC8106539 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phenolics are ubiquitous in nature and have gained immense research attention because of their unique physiochemical properties and widespread industrial use. In recent decades, their accessibility, versatile reactivity, and relative biocompatibility have catalysed research in phenolic-enabled nanotechnology (PEN) particularly for biomedical applications which have been a major benefactor of this emergence, as largely demonstrated by polydopamine and polyphenols. Therefore, it is imperative to overveiw the fundamental mechanisms and synthetic strategies of PEN for state-of-the-art biomedical applications and provide a timely and comprehensive summary. In this review, we will focus on the principles and strategies involved in PEN and summarize the use of the PEN synthetic toolkit for particle engineering and the bottom-up synthesis of nanohybrid materials. Specifically, we will discuss the attractive forces between phenolics and complementary structural motifs in confined particle systems to synthesize high-quality products with controllable size, shape, composition, as well as surface chemistry and function. Additionally, phenolic's numerous applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and disease treatment will be highlighted. This review aims to provide guidelines for new scientists in the field and serve as an up-to-date compilation of what has been achieved in this area, while offering expert perspectives on PEN's use in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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19
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Jeon SI, Jeong JH, Kim JE, Haque MR, Kim J, Byun Y, Ahn CH. Synthesis of PEG-dendron for surface modification of pancreatic islets and suppression of the immune response. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2631-2640. [PMID: 33683280 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation has been an effective method for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The transplanted islets release insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. The clinical application of islet transplantation, however, has been hindered because of some critical problems including immune responses to grafted islets and side effects caused by overdosed immunosuppressive drugs. Herein, surface modification technology using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-dendron was proposed to safeguard islets from the host immune system. PEG-dendron was synthesized by a divergent polymerization method and utilized to cover the islet antigen surface. Successful conjugation of PEG-dendron on the islet surface was achieved without affecting islet morphology, viability, and functionality at a concentration of 1.00%. Surface modification using PEG-dendron effectively prevented protein absorption and immune activation. Foremost, it improved the survival rate of islet grafts in vivo when combined with a low dose of immunosuppressive drugs. In conclusion, PEG-dendron is a potential candidate for the surface modification of pancreatic islets to mitigate immune responses after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ik Jeon
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Phung CD, Tran TH, Choi JY, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Yong CS, Kim JO. Pre- and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of cFLIP for Effective Cancer Therapy Using pH-Ultrasensitive Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5999-6010. [PMID: 33506682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) is a crucial player of apoptosis-regulated pathways that is frequently overexpressed in solid cancers. To inhibit c-FLIP, pre- and post-transcriptionally, a multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) was created to deliver cFLIP-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cancer cells. Specifically, Vorinostat (Vor)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were conjugated with polyethylenimine-biotin (PB), followed by electrostatically binding with cFLIP siRNA (Vor/siR@MSN-PB). To stabilize and prolong the circulation time of nanoparticles, a bialdehyde-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was cross-linked onto the polyethylenimine (PEI) backbone via the formation of the imine linkage (Schiff base) (Vor/siR@MSN-PB-PEG). The Schiff base is highly stable at physiological pH 7.4 but labile under slightly acidic pH conditions. In the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), the PEG outer layer could be rapidly cleaved, resulting in the switching of the nanoparticle surface charge to positive, which specifically enhances internalization of the NPs to the biotin-positive tumor cells. Our results demonstrated the successful preparation of Vor/siR@MSN-PB-PEG NPs, in which the siRNA was effectively protected in serum and regulated the expression of cFlip, post-transcriptionally. The presence of the PEG layer resulted in high tumor accumulation and high efficacy in tumor inhibition, which was a result of the efficient cFLIP suppression. Furthermore, in the low-dose regimen of Vorinostat-the pre-transcriptional cFLIP suppressor, treatment with Vor/siR@MSN-PB-PEG NPs was found to be safe with the treated mice, indicating a promising combination regimen for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No. 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Ju-Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang Y, Wang C, Li K, Song X, Yan X, Yu L, He Z. Recent advances of nanomedicine-based strategies in diabetes and complications management: Diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 330:618-640. [PMID: 33417985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia driven by insulin deficiency or resistance, imposing a significant global burden affecting 463 million people worldwide in 2019. This review has comprehensively summarized the application of nanomedicine with accurate, patient-friendly, real-time properties in the field of diabetes diagnosis and monitoring, and emphatically discussed the unique potential of various nanomedicine carriers (e.g., polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, microparticles, microneedles, etc.) in the management of diabetes and complications. Novel delivery systems have been developed with improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, excellent drug biodistribution, biocompatibility, and therapeutic efficacy, long-term action safety, as well as the improved production methods. Furthermore, the effective nanomedicine for the treatment of several major diabetic complications with significantly improved life qualities of diabetic patients were discussed in detail. Going through the literature review, several critical issues of the nanomedicine-based strategies applications need to be addressed such as stabilities and long-term safety effects in vivo, the deficiency of standard for formulation administration, feasibility of scale-up, etc. Overall, the review provides an insight into the design, advantages and limitations of novel nanomedicine application in the diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Keyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China.
| | - Zhiyu He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China.
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22
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Nguyen TT, Emami F, Yook S, Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Pathak S, Regmi S, Kim JO, Yong CS, Kim JR, Jeong JH. Local release of NECA (5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine) from implantable polymeric sheets for enhanced islet revascularization in extrahepatic transplantation site. J Control Release 2020; 321:509-518. [PMID: 32087300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical intraportal pancreatic islet infusion is popular for treating type I diabetes. However, multiple doses of islets and anti-rejection protocols are needed to compensate for early large cell losses post-infusion due to the harsh hepatic environment. Thus, extrahepatic sites are utilized to enable efficient islet engraftment and reduce islet mass. Here, we reported an effective islet revascularization protocol that was based on the co-implantation of islet/fibrin gel construct with poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid sheet releasing NECA (5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido) adenosine; a potent agonist of adenosine) into mouse epididymal fat pad. Thin, flexible sheets (d = 4 mm) prepared by simple casting exhibited sustained NECA release for up to 21 days, which effectively improved early islet engraftment with a median diabetic reversal time of 18.5 days. Western blotting revealed the facilitative effect of NECA on VEGF expression from islets in vitro and from grafts in vivo. In addition, NECA directly promoted the angiogenic activities of islet-derived endothelial cells by enhancing their proliferation and vessel-like tube formation. As a result, neovasculatures were effectively formed in the engrafted islet vicinity, as evidenced by vasculature imaging and immunofluorescence. Taken together, we suggest NECA-releasing PLGA sheets offer a safe and effective drug delivery system that enhances islet engraftment while reducing islet mass at extrahepatic sites for clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiep Tien Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Fakhrossadat Emami
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Thanh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiva Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shobha Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Wu Y, Jin Q, Chen Y, Li H, Deng C, Sun Z, Li Y, Wang B, Li H, Wu C, Zhang L, Xie M. Bioinspired β-glucan microcapsules deliver FK506 to lymph nodes for treatment of cardiac allograft acute rejection. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5282-5292. [PMID: 32749395 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delivering FK506 into lymph nodes by biomimetic β-glucan microcapsules can improve efficacy/safety ratio of FK506 and prolong cardiac allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Yuman Li
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - He Li
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022
- China
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