1
|
Gupta A, Park JY, Choi H, Choi TH, Chung Y, Kim DH, Lee YS. Development of Alginate-Based Biodegradable Radioactive Microspheres Labeled with Positron Emitter through Click Chemistry Reaction: Stability and PET Imaging Study. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:5005-5014. [PMID: 39169803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable radioactive microspheres labeled with positron emitters hold significant promise for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancers and other diseases, including arthritis. The alginate-based polymeric microspheres offer advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and improved stability, making them suitable for clinical applications. In this study, we developed novel positron emission tomography (PET) microspheres using alginate biopolymer radiolabeled with gallium-68 (68Ga) through a straightforward conjugation reaction. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-decorated calcium alginate microspheres (PEI-CAMSs) were fabricated and further modified using azadibenzocyclooctyne-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (ADIBO-NHS). Subsequently, azide-functionalized NOTA chelator (N3-NOTA) was labeled with [68Ga]Ga to obtain [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-N3, which was then reacted with the surface-modified PEI-CAMSs using strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction to develop [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEI-CAMSs, a novel PET microsphere. The radiolabeling efficiency and radiochemical stability of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEI-CAMSs were determined using the radio-instant thin-layer chromatography-silica gel (radio-ITLC-SG) method. The in vivo PET images were also acquired to study the in vivo stability of the radiolabeled microspheres in normal mice. The radiolabeling efficiency of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEI-CAMSs was over 99%, and the microspheres exhibited high stability (92%) in human blood serum. PET images demonstrated the stability and biodistribution of the microspheres in mice for up to 2 h post injection. This study highlights the potential of biodegradable PET microspheres for preoperative imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. Overall, the straightforward synthesis method and efficient radiolabeling technique provide a promising platform for the development of theranostic microspheres using other radionuclides such as 90Y, 177Lu, 188Re, and 64Cu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Tae Hyeon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen T, Cai Z, Zhao X, Wei G, Wang H, Bo T, Zhou Y, Cui W, Lu Y. Dynamic monitoring soft tissue healing via visualized Gd-crosslinked double network MRI microspheres. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:289. [PMID: 38802863 PMCID: PMC11129422 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
By integrating magnetic resonance-visible components with scaffold materials, hydrogel microspheres (HMs) become visible under magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), allowing for non-invasive, continuous, and dynamic monitoring of the distribution, degradation, and relationship of the HMs with local tissues. However, when these visualization components are physically blended into the HMs, it reduces their relaxation rate and specificity under MRI, weakening the efficacy of real-time dynamic monitoring. To achieve MRI-guided in vivo monitoring of HMs with tissue repair functionality, we utilized airflow control and photo-crosslinking methods to prepare alginate-gelatin-based dual-network hydrogel microspheres (G-AlgMA HMs) using gadolinium ions (Gd (III)), a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent, as the crosslinker. When the network of G-AlgMA HMs degrades, the cleavage of covalent bonds causes the release of Gd (III), continuously altering the arrangement and movement characteristics of surrounding water molecules. This change in local transverse and longitudinal relaxation times results in variations in MRI signal values, thus enabling MRI-guided in vivo monitoring of the HMs. Additionally, in vivo data show that the degradation and release of polypeptide (K2 (SL)6 K2 (KK)) from G-AlgMA HMs promote local vascular regeneration and soft tissue repair. Overall, G-AlgMA HMs enable non-invasive, dynamic in vivo monitoring of biomaterial degradation and tissue regeneration through MRI, which is significant for understanding material degradation mechanisms, evaluating biocompatibility, and optimizing material design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Bo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Whalen S, Tanious M. Temporary Embolic Agents. Semin Intervent Radiol 2024; 41:226-232. [PMID: 38993593 PMCID: PMC11236451 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Whalen
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Tanious
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao S, Lin B, Zhou H, Sha S, Hao X, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang Y, Pan J, Xu J, Zeng J, Wang Y, He X, Huang J, Zhao W, Fan JB. Janus particle-engineered structural lipiodol droplets for arterial embolization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5575. [PMID: 37696820 PMCID: PMC10495453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Embolization (utilizing embolic materials to block blood vessels) has been considered one of the most promising strategies for clinical disease treatments. However, the existing embolic materials have poor embolization effectiveness, posing a great challenge to highly efficient embolization. In this study, we construct Janus particle-engineered structural lipiodol droplets by programming the self-assembly of Janus particles at the lipiodol-water interface. As a result, we achieve highly efficient renal embolization in rabbits. The obtained structural lipiodol droplets exhibit excellent mechanical stability and viscoelasticity, enabling them to closely pack together to efficiently embolize the feeding artery. They also feature good viscoelastic deformation capacities and can travel distally to embolize finer vasculatures down to 40 μm. After 14 days post-embolization, the Janus particle-engineered structural lipiodol droplets achieve efficient embolization without evidence of recanalization or non-target embolization, exhibiting embolization effectiveness superior to the clinical lipiodol-based emulsion. Our strategy provides an alternative approach to large-scale fabricate embolic materials for highly efficient embolization and exhibits good potential for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bingquan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Houwang Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suinan Sha
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yangning Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Xu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junling Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 524000, Zhanjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Bing Fan
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Y, Zhang B, Yi Z, Zhang L, Ling J, Wang S, Sun Z, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Microfluidic fabrication of X-ray-visible sodium hyaluronate microspheres for embolization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20512-20519. [PMID: 37435366 PMCID: PMC10331790 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter embolization is a minimally invasive technique that relies on embolic agents and is now widely used to treat various high-prevalence medical diseases. Embolic agents usually need to be combined with exogenous contrasts to visualize the embolotherapy process. However, the exogenous contrasts are quite simply washed away by blood flow, making it impossible to monitor the embolized location. To solve this problem, a series of sodium hyaluronate (SH) loaded with bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods (NRs) microspheres (Bi2S3@SH) were prepared in this study by using 1,4-butaneglycol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) as a crosslinker through single-step microfluidics. Bi2S3@SH-1 microspheres showed the best performance among other prepared microspheres. The fabricated microspheres had uniform size and good dispersibility. Furthermore, the introduction of Bi2S3 NRs synthesized by a hydrothermal method as Computed Tomography (CT) contrast agents improved the mechanical properties of Bi2S3@SH-1 microspheres and endowed the microspheres with excellent X-ray impermeability. The blood compatibility and cytotoxicity test showed that the Bi2S3@SH-1 microspheres had good biocompatibility. In particular, the in vitro simulated embolization experiment results indicate that the Bi2S3@SH-1 microspheres had excellent embolization effect, especially for the small-sized blood vessels of 500-300 and 300 μm. The results showed the prepared Bi2S3@SH-1 microspheres have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, as well as certain X-ray visibility and excellent embolization effects. We believe that the design and combination of this material has good guiding significance in the field of embolotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Baoqu Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Zihan Yi
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Jing Ling
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Shibo Wang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- The Department of Medical Imaging, The First Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - M Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Hangzhou 310018 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan G, Liu Z, Wang W, Liu M, Xu Y, Hu W, Fan Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Si G. Multifunctional nanoplatforms application in the transcatheter chemoembolization against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:68. [PMID: 36849981 PMCID: PMC9969656 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the sixth-highest new incidence and fourth-highest mortality worldwide. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the primary treatment strategies for unresectable HCC. However, the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory due to the insufficient distribution of antineoplastic drugs in tumor tissues and the worsened post-embolization tumor microenvironment (TME, e.g., hypoxia and reduced pH). Recently, using nanomaterials as a drug delivery platform for TACE therapy of HCC has been a research hotspot. With the development of nanotechnology, multifunctional nanoplatforms have been developed to embolize the tumor vasculature, creating conditions for improving the distribution and bioavailability of drugs in tumor tissues. Currently, the researchers are focusing on functionalizing nanomaterials to achieve high drug loading efficacy, thorough vascular embolization, tumor targeting, controlled sustained release of drugs, and real-time imaging in the TACE process to facilitate precise embolization and enable therapeutic procedures follow-up imaging of tumor lesions. Herein, we summarized the recent advances and applications of functionalized nanomaterials based on TACE against HCC, believing that developing these functionalized nanoplatforms may be a promising approach for improving the TACE therapeutic effect of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yuan
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China ,grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Zhiyin Liu
- grid.488387.8Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Weiming Wang
- grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China ,grid.488387.8Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China ,grid.488387.8National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanneng Xu
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China ,grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Wei Hu
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China ,grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Yao Fan
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Guangyan Si
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Y, Liang M, Huang J, Fan Y, Long H, Chen Q, Ren Z, Wu C, Wang Y. Single-helical formyl β-glucan effectively deliver CpG DNA with poly(dA) to macrophages for enhanced vaccine effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:67-76. [PMID: 36336158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Single helical β-glucan is a one-dimensional host that can form a hybrid helix with DNAs/RNAs as delivery systems. However, unmodified β-glucan has a gelling tendency and a single helical conformation is challenging to obtain. Therefore, in this study, we developed a β-glucan formyl derivative with stable single helical conformation and no gelling tendency. Circular dichroism studies found that the formyl-β-glucan could form a hybrid helix with DNA CpG-poly(dA). The hybrid helix delivery system showed improved activation on antigen-presenting cells, thereby upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors, and had an immune-enhancing effect on ovalbumin (OVA) immunized mice. These results indicate that formyl-β-glucan can be developed as a non-cationic supramolecular DNA delivery platform with low toxicity and high efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Xu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minting Liang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yapei Fan
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyue Long
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunjie Chen
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxi Wu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Lv W, Yang W, Guo Y, Huang J, Liang W, Huang Y, Qin A, Deng X, Li X, Chen M, Yang H, Liang L, Du L. Poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate - acrylic acid) microspheres loaded with magnetically responsive Fe3O4 nanoparticles for arterial embolization, drug loading and MRI detection. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Chan MH, Li CH, Chang YC, Hsiao M. Iron-Based Ceramic Composite Nanomaterials for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2584. [PMID: 36559083 PMCID: PMC9788200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the unique physicochemical properties of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetism, high saturation magnetization, and high effective surface area, they have been applied in biomedical fields such as diagnostic imaging, disease treatment, and biochemical separation. Iron-based nanoparticles have been used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce clearer and more detailed images, and they have therapeutic applications in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). In recent years, researchers have used clay minerals, such as ceramic materials with iron-based nanoparticles, to construct nanocomposite materials with enhanced saturation, magnetization, and thermal effects. Owing to their unique structure and large specific surface area, iron-based nanoparticles can be homogenized by adding different proportions of ceramic minerals before and after modification to enhance saturation magnetization. In this review, we assess the potential to improve the magnetic properties of iron-based nanoparticles and in the preparation of multifunctional composite materials through their combination with ceramic materials. We demonstrate the potential of ferromagnetic enhancement and multifunctional composite materials for MRI diagnosis, drug delivery, MFH therapy, and cellular imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Go G, Yoo A, Nguyen KT, Nan M, Darmawan BA, Zheng S, Kang B, Kim CS, Bang D, Lee S, Kim KP, Kang SS, Shim KM, Kim SE, Bang S, Kim DH, Park JO, Choi E. Multifunctional microrobot with real-time visualization and magnetic resonance imaging for chemoembolization therapy of liver cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8545. [PMID: 36399561 PMCID: PMC9674283 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microrobots that can be precisely guided to target lesions have been studied for in vivo medical applications. However, existing microrobots have challenges in vivo such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, actuation module, and intra- and postoperative imaging. This study reports microrobots visualized with real-time x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can be magnetically guided to tumor feeding vessels for transcatheter liver chemoembolization in vivo. The microrobots, composed of a hydrogel-enveloped porous structure and magnetic nanoparticles, enable targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents via magnetic guidance from the actuation module under real-time x-ray imaging. In addition, the microrobots can be tracked using MRI as postoperative imaging and then slowly degrade over time. The in vivo validation of microrobot system-mediated chemoembolization was demonstrated in a rat liver with a tumor model. The proposed microrobot provides an advanced medical robotic platform that can overcome the limitations of existing microrobots and current liver chemoembolization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwangjun Go
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ami Yoo
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
| | - Kim Tien Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
| | - Minghui Nan
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
| | - Bobby Aditya Darmawan
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Shirong Zheng
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 34931, Korea
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Doyeon Bang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 34931, Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Kyu-Pyo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Kang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Shim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Se Eun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomaterial R&BD Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Seungmin Bang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo), 43-26 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61011, Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim DH. Combination of interventional oncology local therapies and immunotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF LIVER CANCER 2022; 22:93-102. [PMID: 37383404 PMCID: PMC10035730 DOI: 10.17998/jlc.2022.03.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Interventional oncology (IO) local therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can activate anti-cancer immunity and it is potentially leading to an anti-cancer immunity throughout the body. For the development of an effective HCC treatment regime, great emphasis has been dedicated to different IO local therapy mediated immune modulation and possible combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. In this review paper, we summarize the status of combination of IO local therapy and immunotherapy, as well as the prospective role of therapeutic carriers and locally administered immunotherapy in advanced HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leng F, Lei S, Luo B, Lv S, Huang L, Jiang X. Size-tunable and biodegradable thrombin-functionalized carboxymethyl chitin microspheres for endovascular embolization. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
13
|
Xie Y, Gao P, He F, Zhang C. Application of Alginate-Based Hydrogels in Hemostasis. Gels 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 35200490 PMCID: PMC8871293 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage, as a common trauma injury and clinical postoperative complication, may cause serious damage to the body, especially for patients with huge blood loss and coagulation dysfunction. Timely and effective hemostasis and avoidance of bleeding are of great significance for reducing body damage and improving the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Alginate is considered to be an excellent hemostatic polymer-based biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, easy gelation and easy availability. In recent years, alginate hydrogels have been more and more widely used in the medical field, and a series of hemostatic related products have been developed such as medical dressings, hemostatic needles, transcatheter interventional embolization preparations, microneedles, injectable hydrogels, and hemostatic powders. The development and application prospects are extremely broad. This manuscript reviews the structure, properties and history of alginate, as well as the research progress of alginate hydrogels in clinical applications related to hemostasis. This review also discusses the current limitations and possible future development prospects of alginate hydrogels in hemostatic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.X.); (P.G.); (F.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ko G, Choi JW, Shin K, Kim YG, Kang T, Kim D, Lee N, Kim H, Hyeon T. In Vivo Sol-Gel Reaction of Tantalum Alkoxide for Endovascular Embolization. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101908. [PMID: 34783195 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Liquid embolic agents are considered the most promising for various embolization procedures because they enable deep penetration. For realizing effective procedures, the delivery of liquid embolic agents should be guided under X-ray imaging systems and the solidification time should be optimized for the specific indication. The biocompatibility of embolic agents is also crucial because they remain in the vessel after embolization. In this study, new biocompatible embolic agents based on tantalum ethoxide is synthesized. Tantalum alkoxide liquid embolics (TALE) possess the radiopacity for fluoroscopy and can control the penetration depth by modifying the sol-gel kinetics. Furthermore, TALE can serve as drug carriers for synergistic treatment. Using these excellent characteristics, it is demonstrated that TALE agents can be used in various situations including the transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma and embolotherapy of massive bleeding from the femoral artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giho Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanoetchnology Hanyang University Gyeonggi‐do 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Cheol Kim
- Department of Radiology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Development of PVA-based microsphere as a potential embolization agent. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 135:112677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Zhang X, Qu Q, Zhou A, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xiong R, Lenders V, Manshian BB, Hua D, Soenen SJ, Huang C. Core-shell microparticles: From rational engineering to diverse applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102568. [PMID: 34896747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell microparticles, composed of solid, liquid, or gas bubbles surrounded by a protective shell, are gaining considerable attention as intelligent and versatile carriers that show great potential in biomedical fields. In this review, an overview is given of recent developments in design and applications of biodegradable core-shell systems. Several emerging methodologies including self-assembly, gas-shearing, and coaxial electrospray are discussed and microfluidics technology is emphasized in detail. Furthermore, the characteristics of core-shell microparticles in artificial cells, drug release and cell culture applications are discussed and the superiority of these advanced multi-core microparticles for the generation of artificial cells is highlighted. Finally, the respective developing orientations and limitations inherent to these systems are addressed. It is hoped that this review can inspire researchers to propel the development of this field with new ideas.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yi Z, Sun Z, Shen Y, Luo D, Zhang R, Ma S, Zhao R, Farheen J, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. The sodium hyaluronate microspheres fabricated by solution drying for transcatheter arterial embolization. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4105-4114. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00413e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an effective therapeutic method for several clinical ailments. Interminably, the polymer microsphere is reflected as one of the idyllic embolic materials due to the exceptional...
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma K, Porat Z, Gedanken A. Designing Natural Polymer-Based Capsules and Spheres for Biomedical Applications-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4307. [PMID: 34960858 PMCID: PMC8708131 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, are potential candidates to serve as carriers of biomedical cargo. Natural polymer-based carriers, having a core-shell structural configuration, offer ample scope for introducing multifunctional capabilities and enable the simultaneous encapsulation of cargo materials of different physical and chemical properties for their targeted delivery and sustained and stimuli-responsive release. On the other hand, carriers with a porous matrix structure offer larger surface area and lower density, in order to serve as potential platforms for cell culture and tissue regeneration. This review explores the designing of micro- and nano-metric core-shell capsules and porous spheres, based on various functions. Synthesis approaches, mechanisms of formation, general- and function-specific characteristics, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed. Recent advances in protein-based carriers with a porous matrix structure and different core-shell configurations are also presented in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel;
| | - Ze’ev Porat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, Be’er Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gas generating microspheres for immediate release of Hsp90 inhibitor aiming at postembolization hypoxia in transarterial chemoembolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120988. [PMID: 34389420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CO2 gas generating poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) was designed for rapid release of tanespimycin (17-AAG) in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As poorly water-soluble drug is generally released from PLGA MS in a sustained manner, the drug release profile should be controlled according to its clinical indications. In current study, responding to immediate increase in hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) level under hypoxia state followed by embolization of tumor feeding arteries, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was added to PLGA/17-AAG MS for fast drug release by CO2 gas generation in slightly acidic tumor microenvironment. With the aid of NaHCO3, initial burst release of 17-AAG was available without losing the micron-size and spherical shape of designed MS for embolization of artery. Acid-responsive CO2 gas generation and subsequent immediate release of 17-AAG from MS were successfully verified. PLGA/17-AAG/NaHCO3 MS-treated group exhibited higher antiproliferation and apoptosis induction efficacies in McA-RH7777 and SNU-761 cells. McA-RH7777 tumor-implanted rats treated by TACE using PLGA/17-AAG/NaHCO3 MS presented a complete therapeutic response. All these findings suggest that developed tumor microenvironment-responsive gas-generating MS can be efficiently applied to TACE therapy of HCC.
Collapse
|