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Behrendt F, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Surface functionalized cryogels - characterization methods, recent progress in preparation and application. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:4600-4637. [PMID: 39021096 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryogels are polymeric materials with a sponge-like microstructure and have attracted significant attention in recent decades. Research has focused on their composition, fabrication techniques, characterization methods as well as potential or existing fields of applications. The use of functional precursors or functionalizing ligands enables the preparation of cryogels with desired properties such as biocompatibility or responsivity. They can also exhibit adsorptive properties or can be used for catalytical purposes. Although a very brief overview about several functional (macro-)monomers and functionalizing ligands has been provided by previous reviewers for certain cryogel applications, so far there has been no particular focus on the evaluation of the functionalization success and the characterization methods used. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of different characterization methods most recently used for the evaluation of cryogel functionalization. Furthermore, new functional (macro-)monomers and subsequent cryogel functionalization strategies are discussed, based on synthetic polymers, biopolymers and a combination of both. This review highlights the importance of the functionalization aspect in cryogel research in order to produce materials with tailored properties for certain applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Behrendt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Kim SW, Baik S, Hyun J, Lee J, Lim D, Lee TJ, Jeong GJ, Im GB, Seo I, Kim YH, Pang C, Bhang SH. Facile Size Tunable Skin-Adaptive Patch for Accelerating Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304435. [PMID: 39235562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the moist and curved interfaces of skin wounds, enhancing the adhesiveness while maintaining delivery efficacy of biomolecules has drawn significant attention in advanced wound dressings. Despite tremendous trials to load biomolecules with sound adhesiveness, the complicated fabricating processes and abnormal allergic responses that are attributed to chemical moiety-based adhesives remain as major problems. To this end, in this study a one-step fabrication process is developed to manufacture microstructures with both a therapeutic (cylindrical structure for embossed structure human adipose-derived stem cell sheet, ESS) and an adhesive part (octopi-inspired structure of adhesive, OIA), which ESOIA is called. OIA showed the highest adhesion strength in both dry (1.48 N cm-2) and wet pig skin conditions (0.81 N cm-2), maintaining the adhesive properties after repeated attach-detach trials. ESS from the therapeutic part of ESOIA also showed an enhanced angiogenic effect compared with the ones that are normally cultured in vitro. ESS also showed improved in vivo wound healing outcomes following enhanced cell engraftment compared to the cell injection group by means of intact cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sangyul Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Inwoo Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Omidian H, Dey Chowdhury S, Babanejad N. Cryogels: Advancing Biomaterials for Transformative Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1836. [PMID: 37514023 PMCID: PMC10384998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogels, composed of synthetic and natural materials, have emerged as versatile biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, optimizing cryogel properties, such as mechanical strength and release profiles, remains challenging. To advance the field, researchers are exploring advanced manufacturing techniques, biomimetic design, and addressing long-term stability. Combination therapies and drug delivery systems using cryogels show promise. In vivo evaluation and clinical trials are crucial for safety and efficacy. Overcoming practical challenges, including scalability, structural integrity, mass transfer constraints, biocompatibility, seamless integration, and cost-effectiveness, is essential. By addressing these challenges, cryogels can transform biomedical applications with innovative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Buchner F, Dokuzluoglu Z, Grass T, Rodriguez-Muela N. Spinal Cord Organoids to Study Motor Neuron Development and Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1254. [PMID: 37374039 PMCID: PMC10303776 DOI: 10.3390/life13061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect the cranial and/or spinal motor neurons (spMNs), spinal sensory neurons and the muscular system. Although they have been investigated for decades, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms; and therefore, efficacious therapies are scarce. Model organisms and relatively simple two-dimensional cell culture systems have been instrumental in our current knowledge of neuromuscular disease pathology; however, in the recent years, human 3D in vitro models have transformed the disease-modeling landscape. While cerebral organoids have been pursued the most, interest in spinal cord organoids (SCOs) is now also increasing. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based protocols to generate SpC-like structures, sometimes including the adjacent mesoderm and derived skeletal muscle, are constantly being refined and applied to study early human neuromuscular development and disease. In this review, we outline the evolution of human PSC-derived models for generating spMN and recapitulating SpC development. We also discuss how these models have been applied to exploring the basis of human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we provide an overview of the main challenges to overcome in order to generate more physiologically relevant human SpC models and propose some exciting new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buchner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (F.B.); (Z.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Zeynep Dokuzluoglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (F.B.); (Z.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Tobias Grass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (F.B.); (Z.D.); (T.G.)
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (F.B.); (Z.D.); (T.G.)
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Söderlund Z, Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Hajizadeh S, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Liu J, Ye L, Tykesson E, Elowsson L, Westergren-Thorsson G. Controlled release of growth factors using synthetic glycosaminoglycans in a modular macroporous scaffold for tissue regeneration. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1349. [PMID: 36482075 PMCID: PMC9732287 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy regeneration of tissue relies on a well-orchestrated release of growth factors. Herein, we show the use of synthetic glycosaminoglycans for controlled binding and release of growth factors to induce a desired cellular response. First, we screened glycosaminoglycans with growth factors of interest to determine kon (association rate constant), koff (dissociation rate constant), and Kd (equilibrium rate constant). As proof-of-concept, we functionalized an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) hydrogel with a synthetic glycosaminoglycan and immobilized fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), demonstrating that human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on top of ELR hydrogel differentiated into tube-like structures. Taking this concept further, we developed a tunable macroporous ELR cryogel material, containing a synthetic glycosaminoglycan and FGF2 that showed increased blood vessel formation and reduced immune response compared to control when implanted in a subcutaneous mouse model. These results demonstrated the possibility for specific release of desired growth factors in/from a modular 3D scaffold in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Söderlund
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A Ibáñez-Fonseca
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Hajizadeh
- Division Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - J Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Phamarcy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Ye
- Division Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Tykesson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Westergren-Thorsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ma Y, Wang X, Su T, Lu F, Chang Q, Gao J. Recent Advances in Macroporous Hydrogels for Cell Behavior and Tissue Engineering. Gels 2022; 8:606. [PMID: 36286107 PMCID: PMC9601978 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been extensively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation because of their high-water content and biocompatibility similarity to the extracellular matrix. However, submicron or nanosized pore networks within hydrogels severely limit cell survival and tissue regeneration. In recent years, the application of macroporous hydrogels in tissue engineering has received considerable attention. The macroporous structure not only facilitates nutrient transportation and metabolite discharge but also provides more space for cell behavior and tissue formation. Several strategies for creating and functionalizing macroporous hydrogels have been reported. This review began with an overview of the advantages and challenges of macroporous hydrogels in the regulation of cellular behavior. In addition, advanced methods for the preparation of macroporous hydrogels to modulate cellular behavior were discussed. Finally, future research in related fields was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
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