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Petcov TE, Straticiuc M, Iancu D, Mirea DA, Trușcă R, Mereuță PE, Savu DI, Mogoșanu GD, Mogoantă L, Popescu RC, Kopatz V, Jinga SI. Unveiling Nanoparticles: Recent Approaches in Studying the Internalization Pattern of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Mono- and Multicellular Biological Structures. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:169. [PMID: 38921542 PMCID: PMC11204647 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based solutions for oncotherapy promise an improved efficiency of the anticancer response, as well as higher comfort for the patient. The current advancements in cancer treatment based on nanotechnology exploit the ability of these systems to pass biological barriers to target the tumor cell, as well as tumor cell organelles. In particular, iron oxide NPs are being clinically employed in oncological management due to this ability. When designing an efficient anti-cancer therapy based on NPs, it is important to know and to modulate the phenomena which take place during the interaction of the NPs with the tumor cells, as well as the normal tissues. In this regard, our review is focused on highlighting different approaches to studying the internalization patterns of iron oxide NPs in simple and complex 2D and 3D in vitro cell models, as well as in living tissues, in order to investigate the functionality of an NP-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Eliana Petcov
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (T.E.P.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Mihai Straticiuc
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Decebal Iancu
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Dragoș Alexandru Mirea
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Roxana Trușcă
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Paul Emil Mereuță
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Diana Iulia Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - George Dan Mogoșanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareș Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Laurențiu Mogoantă
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareș Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (T.E.P.); (S.I.J.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Verena Kopatz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 18–20 Waehringer Guertel Street, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sorin Ion Jinga
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (T.E.P.); (S.I.J.)
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Ognjanović M, Bošković M, Kolev H, Dojčinović B, Vranješ-Đurić S, Antić B. Synthesis, Surface Modification and Magnetic Properties Analysis of Heat-Generating Cobalt-Substituted Magnetite Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:782. [PMID: 38727376 PMCID: PMC11085861 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the results of the synthesis, surface modification, and properties analysis of magnetite-based nanoparticles, specifically Co0.047Fe2.953O4 (S1) and Co0.086Fe2.914O4 (S2). These nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method at 80 °C for 2 h. They exhibit a single-phase nature and crystallize in a spinel-type structure (space group Fd3¯m). Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the particles are quasi-spherical in shape and approximately 11 nm in size. An observed increase in saturation magnetization, coercivity, remanence, and blocking temperature in S2 compared to S1 can be attributed to an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to the incorporation of Co ions in the crystal lattice of the parent compound (Fe3O4). The heating efficiency of the samples was determined by fitting the Box-Lucas equation to the acquired temperature curves. The calculated Specific Loss Power (SLP) values were 46 W/g and 23 W/g (under HAC = 200 Oe and f = 252 kHz) for S1 and S2, respectively. Additionally, sample S1 was coated with citric acid (Co0.047Fe2.953O4@CA) and poly(acrylic acid) (Co0.047Fe2.953O4@PAA) to obtain stable colloids for further tests for magnetic hyperthermia applications in cancer therapy. Fits of the Box-Lucas equation provided SLP values of 21 W/g and 34 W/g for CA- and PAA-coated samples, respectively. On the other hand, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis points to the catalytically active centers Fe2+/Fe3+ and Co2+/Co3+ on the particle surface, suggesting possible applications of the samples as heterogeneous self-heating catalysts in advanced oxidation processes under an AC magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Ognjanović
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.V.-Đ.); (B.A.)
| | - Marko Bošković
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.V.-Đ.); (B.A.)
| | - Hristo Kolev
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Vranješ-Đurić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.V.-Đ.); (B.A.)
| | - Bratislav Antić
- VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.V.-Đ.); (B.A.)
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Yang J, Zhou S, Zheng H, Jia Q. Enrichment of phosphopeptides by arginine-functionalized magnetic chitosan nanoparticles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1785-1792. [PMID: 38421231 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
One of the most crucial and prevalent post-translational modifications is the phosphorylation of proteins. The study and examination of protein phosphorylation hold immense importance in comprehending disease mechanisms and discovering novel biomarkers. However, the inherent low abundance, low ionization efficiency, and coexistence with non phosphopeptides seriously affect the direct analysis of phosphopeptides by mass spectrometry. In order to tackle these problems, it is necessary to carry out selective enrichment of phosphopeptides prior to conducting mass spectrometry analysis. Herein, magnetic chitosan nanoparticles were developed by incorporating arginine, and were then utilized for phosphopeptide enrichment. A tryptic digest of β-casein was chosen as the standard substance. After enrichment, combined with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the detection limit of the method was 0.4 fmol. The synthesized magnetic material demonstrated great potential in the detection of phosphopeptides in complex samples, as proven by its successful application in detecting phosphopeptides in skim milk and human saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Si Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Haijiao Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Daviu N, Portilla Y, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A, Barber DF. DMSA-coated IONPs trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolic reprograming and changes in mitochondrial disposition, hindering cell cycle progression of cancer cells. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122409. [PMID: 38052135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in modulating the redox homeostasis of tumors since high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) make them more vulnerable to changes in these species. Nanomedicine offers promise in this context as such applications may provoke biological responses that induce ROS production. Indeed, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can induce ROS accumulation through the so-called Fenton reaction of iron, further augmenting the ROS in tumors and overloading the antioxidant system beyond its capacity, thereby driving oxidative stress to a level that is incompatible with cell survival. Here, three different coatings for IONPs were compared to assess their intrinsic capacity to induce ROS production in cells. Of these coatings, dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated IONPs (DMSA-NPs) provoked the strongest ROS production, which was associated with the ability to reprogram the metabolism of cancer cells. This latter phenomenon involved shutting-down oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), shifting mitochondrial morphology towards a more elongated phenotype, reducing the total mitochondrial mass and ultimately, blocking cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Consequently, the data obtained highlights the importance of studying the chemical properties of IONPs, presenting DMSA-NPs as a novel tool to induce oxidative stress in cancer cells and alter their cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Daviu
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yadileiny Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM-CSIC, Crta. De Canto Blanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM-CSIC, Crta. De Canto Blanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Farzipour S, Zefrei FJ, Bahadorikhalili S, Alvandi M, Salari A, Shaghaghi Z. Nanotechnology Utilizing Ferroptosis Inducers in Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:571-589. [PMID: 38275050 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206278427231215111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment options have presented numerous challenges in terms of reaching high efficacy. As a result, an immediate step must be taken to create novel therapies that can achieve more than satisfying outcomes in the fight against tumors. Ferroptosis, an emerging form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is reliant on iron and reactive oxygen species, has garnered significant attention in the field of cancer therapy. Ferroptosis has been reported to be induced by a variety of small molecule compounds known as ferroptosis inducers (FINs), as well as several licensed chemotherapy medicines. These compounds' low solubility, systemic toxicity, and limited capacity to target tumors are some of the significant limitations that have hindered their clinical effectiveness. A novel cancer therapy paradigm has been created by the hypothesis that ferroptosis induced by nanoparticles has superior preclinical properties to that induced by small drugs and can overcome apoptosis resistance. Knowing the different ideas behind the preparation of nanomaterials that target ferroptosis can be very helpful in generating new ideas. Simultaneously, more improvement in nanomaterial design is needed to make them appropriate for therapeutic treatment. This paper first discusses the fundamentals of nanomedicine-based ferroptosis to highlight the potential and characteristics of ferroptosis in the context of cancer treatment. The latest study on nanomedicine applications for ferroptosis-based anticancer therapy is then highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jalali Zefrei
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadorikhalili
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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París-Muñoz A, León-Triana O, Pérez-Martínez A, Barber DF. Helios as a Potential Biomarker in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and New Therapies Based on Immunosuppressive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:452. [PMID: 38203623 PMCID: PMC10778776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Helios protein (encoded by the IKZF2 gene) is a member of the Ikaros transcription family and it has recently been proposed as a promising biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease progression in both mouse models and patients. Helios is beginning to be studied extensively for its influence on the T regulatory (Treg) compartment, both CD4+ Tregs and KIR+/Ly49+ CD8+ Tregs, with alterations to the number and function of these cells correlated to the autoimmune phenomenon. This review analyzes the most recent research on Helios expression in relation to the main immune cell populations and its role in SLE immune homeostasis, specifically focusing on the interaction between T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs). This information could be potentially useful in the design of new therapies, with a particular focus on transfer therapies using immunosuppressive cells. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of using nanotechnology for magnetic targeting to overcome some of the obstacles related to these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés París-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.-T.); (A.P.-M.)
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Odelaisy León-Triana
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.-T.); (A.P.-M.)
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.-T.); (A.P.-M.)
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F. Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Tiryaki E, Ortolano S, Bodelón G, Salgueiriño V. Programming an Enhanced Uptake and the Intracellular Fate of Magnetic Microbeads. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301415. [PMID: 37660272 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This study compares two kinds of magnetic microbeads with different surface features and cell entry pathways, aiming to provide insights into how to program their cell uptake and intracellular fate. It is found that a rougher surface enhances the cell uptake of the microbeads, regardless of whether they are pulled by a magnetic field gradient or adsorbed by the cell membrane. However, the entry route affects the intracellular localization of the microbeads: The magnetically dragged microbeads reach the cytoplasm, while the adsorbed microbeads stay in the late endosomes and lysosomes. This suggests that different strategies can be used to target different cellular compartments with magnetic microbeads. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the cells containing the microbeads can be moved and regrown at specific locations by applying a magnetic field gradient, showing the potential of these magnetic microbeads for cell delivery and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Tiryaki
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Saida Ortolano
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, 36312, Spain
| | - Gustavo Bodelón
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Verónica Salgueiriño
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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Liu Y, Li M, Liu H, Kang C, Yu X. Strategies and Progress of Raman Technologies for Cellular Uptake Analysis of the Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6883-6900. [PMID: 38026519 PMCID: PMC10674749 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems have the potential to significantly enhance the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs. These systems enhance the bioavailability and biocompatibility of pharmaceutical agents via enabling targeted delivery to specific tissues or organs. However, the efficacy and safety of these systems are largely dependent on the cellular uptake and intracellular transport of NPs. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the intracellular behavior of NPs within a single cell. Yet, it is challenging due to the complexity and size of the cell. Recently, the development of the Raman instrumentation offers a versatile tool to allow noninvasive cellular measurements. The primary objective of this review is to highlight the most recent advancements in Raman techniques (spontaneous Raman scattering, bioorthogonal Raman scattering, coherence Raman scattering, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering) when it comes to assessing the internalization of NP-based drug delivery systems and their subsequent movement within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haisha Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Souiade L, Domingo-Diez J, Alcaide C, Gámez B, Gámez L, Ramos M, Serrano Olmedo JJ. Improving the Efficacy of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Hyperthermia Using Trapezoidal Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields as an In Vitro Anticancer Treatment in Melanoma and Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15933. [PMID: 37958913 PMCID: PMC10648011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is an oncological therapy that uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to generate localized heat under a low-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF). Recently, trapezoidal pulsed alternating magnetic fields (TPAMFs) have proven their efficacy in enhancing the efficiency of heating in MHT as compared to the sinusoidal one. Our study aims to compare the TPAMF waveform's killing effect against the sinusoidal waveform in B16F10 and CT2A cell lines to determine more efficient waveforms in causing cell death. For that purpose, we used MNPs and different AMF waveforms: trapezoidal (TP), almost-square (TS), triangular (TR), and sinusoidal signal (SN). MNPs at 1 and 4 mg/mL did not affect cell viability during treatment. The exposition of B16F10 and CT2A cells to only AMF showed nonsignificant mortality. Hence, the synergetic effect of the AMF and MNPs causes the observed cell death. Among the explored cases, the nonharmonic signals demonstrated better efficacy than the SN one as an MHT treatment. This study has revealed that the application of TP, TS, or TR waveforms is more efficient and has considerable capability to increase cancer cell death compared to the traditional sinusoidal treatment. Overall, we can conclude that the application of nonharmonic signals enhances MHT treatment efficiency against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Souiade
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Javier Domingo-Diez
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Cesar Alcaide
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Berta Gámez
- Escula Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (B.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Linarejos Gámez
- Escula Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (B.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Milagros Ramos
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Javier Serrano Olmedo
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Gandarias L, Gubieda AG, Gorni G, Mathon O, Olivi L, Abad-Díaz-de-Cerio A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Muela A, García-Prieto A. Intracellular transformation and disposal mechanisms of magnetosomes in macrophages and cancer cells. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300173. [PMID: 37337924 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes are magnetite nanoparticles biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Given their potential clinical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is essential to understand what becomes of them once they are within the body. With this aim, here we have followed the intracellular long-term fate of magnetosomes in two cell types: cancer cells (A549 cell line), because they are the actual target for the therapeutic activity of the magnetosomes, and macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line), because of their role at capturing foreign agents. It is shown that cells dispose of magnetosomes using three mechanisms: splitting them into daughter cells, excreting them to the surrounding environment, and degrading them yielding less or non-magnetic iron products. A deeper insight into the degradation mechanisms by means of time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has allowed us to follow the intracellular biotransformation of magnetosomes by identifying and quantifying the iron species occurring during the process. In both cell types there is a first oxidation of magnetite to maghemite and then, earlier in macrophages than in cancer cells, ferrihydrite starts to appear. Given that ferrihydrite is the iron mineral phase stored in the cores of ferritin proteins, this suggests that cells use the iron released from the degradation of magnetosomes to load ferritin. Comparison of both cellular types evidences that macrophages are more efficient at disposing of magnetosomes than cancer cells, attributed to their role in degrading external debris and in iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandarias
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alicia G Gubieda
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Giulio Gorni
- BL22-CLAESS Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Optics (IO-CSIC), c/ Serrano 121, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luca Olivi
- XAFS Beamline, Elettra Sincrotrone, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ana Abad-Díaz-de-Cerio
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - M Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana García-Prieto
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Fromain A, Perez JE, Van de Walle A, Lalatonne Y, Wilhelm C. Photothermia at the nanoscale induces ferroptosis via nanoparticle degradation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4637. [PMID: 37532698 PMCID: PMC10397343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fe(II)-induced ferroptotic cell death pathway is an asset in cancer therapy, yet it calls into question the biocompatibility of magnetic nanoparticles. In the latter, Fe(II) is sequestered within the crystal structure and is released only upon nanoparticle degradation, a transition that is not well understood. Here, we dissect the chemical environment necessary for nanoparticle degradation and subsequent Fe(II) release. Importantly, temperature acts as an accelerator of the process and can be triggered remotely by laser-mediated photothermal conversion, as evidenced by the loss of the nanoparticles' magnetic fingerprint. Remarkably, the local hot-spot temperature generated at the nanoscale can be measured in operando, in the vicinity of each nanoparticle, by comparing the photothermal-induced nanoparticle degradation patterns with those of global heating. Further, remote photothermal irradiation accelerates degradation inside cancer cells in a tumor spheroid model, with efficiency correlating with the endocytosis progression state of the nanoparticles. High-throughput imaging quantification of Fe2+ release, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and cell death at the spheroid level confirm the synergistic thermo-ferroptotic therapy due to the photothermal degradation at the nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fromain
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jose Efrain Perez
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Van de Walle
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Paris Cité, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS, INSERM, UMR 1148, F‑ 93017, Bobigny, France
- Département de Biophysique et de Médecine Nucléaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Avicenne, F‑ 93009, Bobigny, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, PCC, CNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Sorbonne University, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
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12
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Zară-Dănceanu CM, Minuti AE, Stavilă C, Lăbuscă L, Herea DD, Tiron CE, Chiriac H, Lupu N. Magnetic Nanoparticle Coating Decreases the Senescence and Increases the Targeting Potential of Fibroblasts and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23953-23963. [PMID: 37426224 PMCID: PMC10324382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are intensely scrutinized for applications in emerging biomedical fields. Their potential use for drug delivery, tracking, and targeting agents or for cell handling is tested for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. The large majority of MNPs tested for biomedical use are coated with different lipids and natural or synthetic polymers in order to decrease their degradation process and to increase the ability to transport drugs or bioactive molecules. Our previous studies highlighted the fact that the as-prepared MNP-loaded cells can display increased resistance to culture-induced senescence as well as ability to target pathological tissues; however, this effect tends to be dependent on the cell type. Here, we assessed comparatively the effect of two types of commonly used lipid coatings, oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA), on normal human dermal fibroblasts and adipose-derived mesenchymal cells with culture-induced senescence and cell motility in vitro. OA and PA coatings improved MNPs stability and dispersibility. We found good viability for cells loaded with all types of MNPs; however, a significant increase was obtained with the as-prepared MNPs and OA-MNPs. The coating decreases iron uptake in both cell types. Fibroblasts (Fb) integrate MNPs at a slower rate compared to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). The as-prepared MNPs induced a significant decrease in beta-galactosidase (B-Gal) activity with a nonsignificant one observed for OA-MNPs and PA-MNPs in ADSCs and Fb. The as-prepared MNPs significantly decrease senescence-associated B-Gal enzymatic activity in ADSCs but not in Fb. Remarkably, a significant increase in cell mobility could be detected in ADSCs loaded with OA-MNPscompared to controls. The OA-MNPs uptake significantly increases ADSCs mobility in a wound healing model in vitro compared to nonloaded counterparts, while these observations need to be validated in vivo. The present findings provide evidence that support applications of OA-MNPs in wound healing and cell therapy involving reparative processes as well as organ and tissue targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia-Mihaela Zară-Dănceanu
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Anca-Emanuela Minuti
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
- Faculty
of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristina Stavilă
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
- Faculty
of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Luminiţa Lăbuscă
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
- County
Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon, Orthopedics
and Traumatology Clinic, Bulevardul Independenţei 1, 700111 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Crina Elena Tiron
- Regional
Institute of Oncology, TRANSCEND Centre General Mathias Berthelot 2-4, 700483 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- Department
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, National
Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
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13
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Chen Y, Hou S. Recent progress in the effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on cells and extracellular vesicles. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:195. [PMID: 37380637 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely used in the biomedical field. They have unique advantages in targeted drug delivery, imaging and disease treatment. However, there are many things to pay attention to. In this paper, we reviewed the fate of IONPs in different cells and the influence on the production, separation, delivery and treatment of extracellular vesicles. It aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge related to iron oxide nanoparticles. Only by ensuring the safety and effectiveness of IONPs can their application in biomedical research and clinic be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, 300072, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, 300072, Tianjin, China
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14
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Lomphithak T, Helvacioglu S, Armenia I, Keshavan S, Ovejero JG, Baldi G, Ravagli C, Grazú V, Fadeel B. High-Dose Exposure to Polymer-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Elicits Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis in Susceptible Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111719. [PMID: 37299622 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven cell death, has been extensively investigated in recent years, and several studies have suggested that the ferroptosis-inducing properties of iron-containing nanomaterials could be harnessed for cancer treatment. Here we evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles, with and without cobalt functionalization (Fe2O3 and Fe2O3@Co-PEG), using an established, ferroptosis-sensitive fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) and a normal fibroblast cell line (BJ). In addition, we evaluated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PEG-PLGA). Our results showed that all the nanoparticles tested were essentially non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL. However, when the cells were exposed to higher concentrations (200-400 μg/mL), cell death with features of ferroptosis was observed, and this was more pronounced for the Co-functionalized nanoparticles. Furthermore, evidence was provided that the cell death triggered by the nanoparticles was autophagy-dependent. Taken together, the exposure to high concentrations of polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles triggers ferroptosis in susceptible human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanpisit Lomphithak
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Selin Helvacioglu
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesús G Ovejero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dosimetry and Radioprotection, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L., Sovigliana, 50053 Vinci, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Benayas E, Espinosa A, Portolés MT, Vila-del Sol V, Morales MP, Serrano MC. Cellular and Molecular Processes Are Differently Influenced in Primary Neural Cells by Slight Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17726-17741. [PMID: 36976318 PMCID: PMC10103129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we use two exemplary superparamagnetic iron oxide multicore nanoparticles (SPIONs) to illustrate the significant influence of slightly different physicochemical properties on the cellular and molecular processes that define SPION interplay with primary neural cells. Particularly, we have designed two different SPION structures, NFA (i.e., a denser multicore structure accompanied by a slightly less negative surface charge and a higher magnetic response) and NFD (i.e., a larger surface area and more negatively charged), and identified specific biological responses dependent on SPION type, concentration, exposure time, and magnetic actuation. Interestingly, NFA SPIONs display a higher cell uptake, likely driven by their less negative surface and smaller protein corona, more significantly impacting cell viability and complexity. The tight contact of both SPIONs with neural cell membranes results in the significant augmentation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin and the reduction of free fatty acids and triacylglycerides for both SPIONs. Nonetheless, NFD induces greater effects on lipids, especially under magnetic actuation, likely indicating a preferential membranal location and/or a tighter interaction with membrane lipids than NFA, in agreement with their lower cell uptake. From a functional perspective, these lipid changes correlate with an increase in plasma membrane fluidity, again larger for more negatively charged nanoparticles (NFD). Finally, the mRNA expression of iron-related genes such as Ireb-2 and Fth-1 remains unaltered, while TfR-1 is only detected in SPION-treated cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the substantial impact that minor physicochemical differences of nanomaterials may exert in the specific targeting of cellular and molecular processes. A denser multicore structure generated by autoclave-based production is accompanied by a slight difference in surface charge and magnetic properties that become decisive for the biological impact of these SPIONs. Their capacity to markedly modify the lipidic cell content makes them attractive as lipid-targetable nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Benayas
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Portolés
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico
San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (IDSCIII), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Virginia Vila-del Sol
- Hospital
Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio
de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca de la Peraleda s/n, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - M. Puerto Morales
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María C. Serrano
- , Instituto de
Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
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16
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Caizer C, Caizer-Gaitan IS, Watz CG, Dehelean CA, Bratu T, Soica C. High Efficacy on the Death of Breast Cancer Cells Using SPMHT with Magnetite Cyclodextrins Nanobioconjugates. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041145. [PMID: 37111631 PMCID: PMC10143435 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the experimental results obtained in vitro on the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) by applying superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT) using novel Fe3O4-PAA–(HP-γ-CDs) (PAA is polyacrylic acid and HP-γ-CDs is hydroxypropyl gamma-cyclodextrins) nanobioconjugates previously obtained by us. In the in vitro SPMHT experiments, we used concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL of Fe3O4 ferrimagnetic nanoparticles from Fe3O4-PAA–(HP-γ-CDs) nanobioconjugates suspended in culture media containing 1 × 105 MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The harmonic alternating magnetic field used in the in vitro experiments that did not affect cell viability was found to be optimal in the range of 160–378 Gs and at a frequency of 312.2 kHz. The appropriate duration of the therapy was 30 min. After applying SPMHT with these nanobioconjugates under the above conditions, MCF-7 cancer cells died out in a very high percentage, of until 95.11%. Moreover, we studied the field up to which magnetic hyperthermia can be safely applied without cellular toxicity, and found a new upper biological limit H × f ~9.5 × 109 A/m⋅Hz (H is the amplitude and f is the frequency of the alternating magnetic field) to safely apply the magnetic field in vitro in the case of MCF-7 cells; the value was twice as high compared to the currently known value. This is a major advantage for magnetic hyperthermia in vitro and in vivo, because it allows one to achieve a therapy temperature of 43 °C safely in a much shorter time without affecting healthy cells. At the same time, using the new biological limit for a magnetic field, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia can be greatly reduced, obtaining the same hyperthermic effect, while at the same time, reducing cellular toxicity. This new limit of the magnetic field was tested by us in vitro with very good results, without the cell viability decreasing below ~90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costica Caizer
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Isabela Simona Caizer-Gaitan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Clinical Practical Skills, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Geanina Watz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Bratu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruța Soica
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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17
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Portilla Y, Fernández-Afonso Y, Pérez-Yagüe S, Mulens-Arias V, Morales MP, Gutiérrez L, Barber DF. Different coatings on magnetic nanoparticles dictate their degradation kinetics in vivo for 15 months after intravenous administration in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:543. [PMID: 36578018 PMCID: PMC9795732 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surface coating of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) drives their intracellular trafficking and degradation in endolysosomes, as well as dictating other cellular outcomes. As such, we assessed whether MNP coatings might influence their biodistribution, their accumulation in certain organs and their turnover therein, processes that must be understood in vivo to optimize the design of nanoformulations for specific therapeutic/diagnostic needs. RESULTS In this study, three different MNP coatings were analyzed, each conferring the identical 12 nm iron oxide cores with different physicochemical characteristics: 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APS), dextran (DEX), and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). When the biodistribution of these MNPs was analyzed in C57BL/6 mice, they all mainly accumulated in the spleen and liver one week after administration. The coating influenced the proportion of the MNPs in each organ, with more APS-MNPs accumulating in the spleen and more DMSA-MNPs accumulating in the liver, remaining there until they were fully degraded. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the MNPs (core size and magnetic properties) was also assessed during their intracellular degradation when internalized by two murine macrophage cell lines. The decrease in the size of the MNPs iron core was influenced by their coating and the organ in which they accumulated. Finally, MNP degradation was analyzed in the liver and spleen of C57BL/6 mice from 7 days to 15 months after the last intravenous MNP administration. CONCLUSIONS The MNPs degraded at different rates depending on the organ and their coating, the former representing the feature that was fundamental in determining the time they persisted. In the liver, the rate of degradation was similar for all three coatings, and it was faster than in the spleen. This information regarding the influence of coatings on the in vivo degradation of MNPs will help to choose the best coating for each biomedical application depending on the specific clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadileiny Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and the NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yilian Fernández-Afonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Nanociencia Y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yagüe
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and the NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir Mulens-Arias
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and the NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Puerto Morales
- Department of Energy, Environment and Health, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Nanociencia Y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC and CIBER-BBN, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and the NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Hernández-Moreno D, Navas JM, Fernández-Cruz ML. Short and long-term effects of nanobiomaterials in fish cell lines. Applicability of RTgill-W1. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136636. [PMID: 36181847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiomaterials (NBMs) are nanostructured materials for biomedical applications that can reach aquatic organisms. The short and long-term effects of these emerging contaminants are unknown in fish. The RTgill-W1 cell line has been proposed as a model to predict the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish (OECD Test Guideline nº 249). We assessed the applicability of this cell line to study the short and long-term toxicity of 15 NBMs based on hydroxyapatites (HA), lipid (LSNP/LNP), gold, iron oxide, carbon, poly l-Lactide acid (PLLA) fibers with Ag and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid. Two more rainbow trout cell lines (RTL-W1, from liver, and RTS-11, from spleen) were exposed, to identify possible sensitivity differences among cells. Exposures to a range of concentrations (0.78-100 μg/mL) lasted for 24 h. Additionally, the RTgill-W1 was used to perform long-term (28 d exposure) and recovery (14 d exposure/14 d recovery) assays. Cells were exposed to the 24 h-IC20 and/or to 100 μg/mL. A triple cytotoxicity assay was conducted. After 24 h, only PLLA Fibers-Ag showed cytotoxicity (IC50 < 100 μg/mL). However, the NBMs in general provoked concentration-dependent effects after long-term exposures, except the LSNPs. A recovery of viability was only observed for AuNPs, AuNRods, Fe3O4PEG-PLGA, MgHA-Collag_Scaffolds, Ti-HA and TiHA-Alg NPs.These results evidenced the need to test the long-term toxicity of NBMs and showed differences in cytotoxicity probably associated to different mechanisms of toxic action. The RTgill-W1 was useful to screen short and long-term toxicities of NBMs and appears as a promiseful model to assess possible toxicity of NBMs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hernández-Moreno
- National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Navas
- National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Fernández-Cruz
- National Institute of Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Environment and Agronomy, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Peng T, Xu T, Liu X. Research progress of the engagement of inorganic nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1914-1932. [PMID: 35748543 PMCID: PMC9246104 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has attracted widespread attention from scientists for its high morbidity and mortality, posing great threats to people’s health. Cancer immunotherapy with high specificity, low toxicity as well as triggering systemic anti-tumor response has gradually become common in clinical cancer treatment. However, due to the insufficient immunogenicity of tumor antigens peptides, weak ability to precisely target tumor sites, and the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the efficacy of immunotherapy is often limited. In recent years, the emergence of inorganic nanomaterials makes it possible for overcoming the limitations mentioned above. With self-adjuvant properties, high targeting ability, and good biocompatibility, the inorganic nanomaterials have been integrated with cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Peng
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Pudong New Area, China
| | - Tianzhao Xu
- Shanghai Qiansu Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Pudong New Area, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Mundekkad D, Cho WC. Mitophagy Induced by Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112275. [PMID: 36365094 PMCID: PMC9699542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on nanoparticles, especially metal nanoparticles, in cancer therapy is gaining momentum. The versatility and biocompatibility of metal nanoparticles make them ideal for various applications in cancer therapy. They can bring about apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. In addition to apoptosis, nanoparticles mediate a special type of autophagy facilitated through mitochondria called mitophagy. Interestingly, nanoparticles with antioxidant properties are capable of inducing mitophagy by altering the levels of reactive oxygen species and by influencing signaling pathways like PINK/Parkin pathway and P13K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The current review presents various roles of metal nanoparticles in inducing mitophagy in cancer cells. We envision this review sheds some light on the blind spots in the research related to mitophagy induced by nanoparticles for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mundekkad
- Centre for NanoBioTechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles impair SARS-CoV-2 infection of cultured cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:352. [PMID: 35907835 PMCID: PMC9338509 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronaviruses usually cause mild respiratory disease in humans but as seen recently, some human coronaviruses can cause more severe diseases, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the global spread of which has resulted in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Results In this study we analyzed the potential of using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with biocompatible molecules like dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) or carboxydextran (FeraSpin™ R), as well as iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (IOHNPs) coated with sucrose (Venofer®), or iron salts (ferric ammonium citrate -FAC), to treat and/or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. At non-cytotoxic doses, IONPs and IOHNPs impaired virus replication and transcription, and the production of infectious viruses in vitro, either when the cells were treated prior to or after infection, although with different efficiencies. Moreover, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the expression of genes involved in cellular iron metabolism. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with IONPs and IOHNPs affects oxidative stress and iron metabolism to different extents, likely influencing virus replication and production. Interestingly, some of the nanoparticles used in this work have already been approved for their use in humans as anti-anemic treatments, such as the IOHNP Venofer®, and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging in small animals like mice, such as the FeraSpin™ R IONP. Conclusions Therefore, our results suggest that IONPs and IOHNPs may be repurposed to be used as prophylactic or therapeutic treatments in order to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01542-2.
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Liu X, Bai X, Liu H, Hong Y, Cui H, Wang L, Xu W, Zhao L, Li X, Li H, Li X, Chen H, Meng Z, Lou H, Xu H, Lin Y, Du Z, Kopylov P, Yang B, Zhang Y. LncRNA LOC105378097 inhibits cardiac mitophagy in natural ageing mice. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e908. [PMID: 35758595 PMCID: PMC9235350 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of heart ageing is the main cause of chronic disability, disease and death in the elderly. Ample evidence has established a pivotal role for significantly reduced mitophagy in the ageing heart. However, the underlying mechanisms of mitophagy deficiency in ageing heart are little known. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA LOC105378097 (Senescence-Mitophagy Associated LncRNA, lncR-SMAL) actions on mitophagy in the setting of heart ageing. METHODS The expression of lncR-SMAL was measured in serum from different ages of human and heart from different ages of mice through a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of lncR-SMAL on heart function of mice were assessed by echocardiography and pressure-volume measurements system. Cardiac senescence was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis of expression of ageing related markes p53 and p21. Cardiomyocyte mitophagy was assessed by western blot, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus particles transfection and mito-Keima staining. Interaction between lncR-SMAL and Parkin was validated through molecular docking, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assay. Ubiquitination assay was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of Parkin inhibition. The effects of lncR-SMAL on mitochondrial function were investigated through electron microscopic examination, JC-1 staining and oxygen consumption rates analysis. RESULTS The heart-enriched lncR-SMAL reached the expression crest in the serum of human at an age of 60. Exogenously overexpression of lncRNA SMAL deteriorated cardiac function exactly as natural ageing and inhibited the associated cardiomyocytes mitophagy by depressing Parkin protein level. Improved heart ageing and mitophagy caused by Parkin overexpression were reversed by lncR-SMAL in mice. In contrast, the loss of lncR-SMAL in AC16 cells induced the upregulation of Parkin protein and ameliorated mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in alleviated cardiac senescence. Besides, we found the interaction between lncR-SMAL and Parkin protein through computational docking analysis, pull-down and RIP assay. This would contribute to the promotive effect of lncR-SMAL on Parkin ubiquitination and decrease Parkin protein stability. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time demonstrates a heart-enriched lncRNA, SMAL, that inhibits the mitophagy of cardiomyocytes via the downregulation of Parkin protein, which further contributes to heart ageing and cardiac dysfunction in natural ageing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid ZoneChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wanqing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ziyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Han Lou
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Henghui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Philipp Kopylov
- Department of Preventive and Emergency CardiologySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineDentistry and Health Sciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid ZoneChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State‐Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine‐Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid ZoneChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinChina
- Institute of Metabolic DiseaseHeilongjiang Academy of Medical ScienceHarbinChina
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