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Chen Z, Xie Y, Cao Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Wu Y, Xu B, Lin G. Rapid and sensitive detection of heart-type fatty acid binding protein using aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles on digital microfluidics workstation. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116563. [PMID: 39013359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Early and rapid diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during its developing stage is crucial due to its high fatality rate. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP) is an ideal biomarker for the quantitative diagnosis of AMI, surpassing traditional markers such as myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase-MB, and troponin in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic value. To obtain diagnostic and prognostic information, a precise and fully quantitative measurement of h-FABP is essential, typically achieved through an immunosorbent assay like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nevertheless, this method has several limitations, including extended detection time, complex assay procedures, the necessity for skilled technicians, and challenges in implementing automated detection. This research introduces a novel biosensor, utilizing aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (AIENPs) and integrated with a digital microfluidic (DMF) workstation, designed for the sensitive, rapid, and automated detection of h-FABP in low-volume serum samples. AIENPs and magnetic beads in nanoscale were served as the capture particles and the fluorescent probe, which were linked covalently to anti-h-FABP antibodies respectively. The approach was based on a sandwich immunoassay and performed on a fully automated DMF workstation with assay time by 15 min. We demonstrated the determination of h-FABP in serum samples with detection limit of 0.14 ng/mL using this biosensor under optimal condition. Furthermore, excellent correlations (R2 = 0.9536, n = 50) were obtained between utilizing this biosensor and commercialized ELISA kits in clinical serum detecting. These results demonstrate that our flexible and reliable biosensor is suitable for direct integration into clinical diagnostics, and it is expected to be promising diagnostic tool for early detection and screening tests as well as prognosis evaluation for AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Micro-Nano Tech Center, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Micro-Nano Tech Center, Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Guanfeng Lin
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.
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Jian X, Jiang G, Wang J. Recent advances of aggregation-induced emission luminogens for point-of-care biosensing systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39042090 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of chemical compounds in body fluids and tissues is important for diagnosis of diseases and assessment of the effectiveness of treatment programs. Point-of-care (POC) sensors based on fluorescence signals have been widely used in the rapid detection of various infectious diseases. However, the aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon of conventional fluorescent probes limits the sensitivity and accuracy of fluorescent POC sensors. In this review, we first focus on aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based POC detection for early diagnosis of diseases and then describe how to use mechanisms of AIE to improve the sensitivity of POC testing. This review gives a summary of the design mechanisms of AIE probes in AIE-based biosensors. Subsequently, it summarizes the design strategies of AIE-based POC sensors in the detection of ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and whole entity (cells, bacteria, viruses, and exosomes), placing an emphasis on signal amplification. Finally, it gives an overview of AIE-based POC biosensors, including probes, instruments, and applications. We hope that this review will provide valuable guidance for further expanding the application of AIE luminogens in POC biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
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Gao F, Ye S, Huang L, Gu Z. A nanoparticle-assisted signal-enhancement technique for lateral flow immunoassays. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6735-6756. [PMID: 38920348 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), an affordable and rapid paper-based detection technology, is employed extensively in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the validity and adoption of LFIA in performing large-scale clinical and public health testing. The unprecedented demand for prompt diagnostic responses and advances in nanotechnology have fueled the rise of next-generation LFIA technologies. The utilization of nanoparticles to amplify signals represents an innovative approach aimed at augmenting LFIA sensitivity. This review probes the nanoparticle-assisted amplification strategies in LFIA applications to secure low detection limits and expedited response rates. Emphasis is placed on comprehending the correlation between the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and LFIA performance. Lastly, we shed light on the challenges and opportunities in this prolific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Shaonian Ye
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhengying Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Schobesberger S, Thumfart H, Selinger F, Spitz S, Gonzalez C, Pei L, Poglitsch M, Ertl P. Application of a Biomimetic Nanoparticle-Based Mock Virus to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Blood Samples Using a Lateral Flow Assay. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38334364 PMCID: PMC10882572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in blood, acquired through previous infection or vaccination, is known to prevent the (re)occurrence of outbreaks unless the virus mutates. Therefore, the measurement of neutralizing antibodies constitutes an indispensable tool in assessing an individual's and a population's immunity against SARS-CoV-2. For this reason, we have developed an innovative lateral flow assay (LFA) capable of detecting blood-derived neutralizing antibodies using a biomimetic SARS-CoV-2 mock virus system. Here, functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) featuring the trimeric spike (S) protein at its surface imitate the virus's structure and are applied to monitor the presence and efficacy of neutralizing antibodies in blood samples. The detection principle relies on the interaction between mock virus and the immobilized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is inhibited when neutralizing antibodies are present. To further enhance the sensitivity of our competitive assay and identify low titers of neutralizing antibodies, an additional mixing pad is embedded into the device to increase the interaction time between mock virus and neutralizing antibodies. The developed LFA is benchmarked against the WHO International Standard (21/338) and demonstrated reliable quantification of neutralizing antibodies that inhibit ACE2 binding events down to a detection limit of an antibody titer of 59 IU/mL. Additional validation using whole blood and plasma samples showed reproducible results and good comparability to a laboratory-based reference test, thus highlighting its applicability for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Thumfart
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Selinger
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lei Pei
- Covirabio GmbH, Brehmstraße 14a, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Ertl
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Wang C, Han J, Xue D, Gu C, Zeng S, Jiang J, Jiang T, Li X, Wu K. SERS-active immunoassay kit for SARS-CoV‑2 mediated by the cooperative chemical and electromagnetic effects of MXene modified with gold nanowires. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123445. [PMID: 37757541 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique with high sensitivity, reliable specificity, and rapid recognition ability exhibits attractive promise for the effective fast-monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, a novel SERS-active immunoassay kit for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein was prepared by in-situ growing gold (Au) nanowire forests (NFs) onto Ti3C2Tx, which was then modified onto polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix and encapsulated into kit. It was noted that the Au nanowires with fibrous structures which vertically anchored on Ti3C2Tx served as perfect channels to promote photo-induced charge transfer. The synergistic action of electromagnetic and chemical effects resulted in an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.27 × 107. Furthermore, the unreliable fluctuation of the enhanced signal was eliminated by using the intrinsic Raman signal of the flexible PMMA platform, achieving an improved correlation coefficient (R2) value from 0.950 to 0.990. Moreover, the as-designed immunoassay kit with both high sensitivity and remedied quantitative ability rendered by the Ti3C2Tx@Au NFs-PMMA composite exhibited a powerful performance in the practical detection of N-protein with concentration low to 5.0 × 10-8 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chucheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junshan Han
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Danni Xue
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenjie Gu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xing Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Kerong Wu
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Bian L, Fu Q, Gan Z, Wu Z, Song Y, Xiong Y, Hu F, Zheng L. Fluorescence-Quenching Lateral Flow Immunoassay for "Turn-On" and Sensitive Detection of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Serum. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305774. [PMID: 38032112 PMCID: PMC10811470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The titer of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in the human body is an essential reference for evaluating the acquired protective immunity and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, a fluorescence-quenching lateral flow immunoassay (FQ-LFIA) is established for quantitative detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in the sera of individuals who are vaccinated or infected within 10 min. The ultrabright aggregation-induced emission properties encapsulated in nanoparticles, AIE490 NP, are applied in the established FQ-LFIA with gold nanoparticles to achieve a fluorescence "turn-on" competitive immunoassay. Under optimized conditions, the FQ-LFIA quantitatively detected 103 positive and 50 negative human serum samples with a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.29 IU mL-1 . A strong correlation is present with the conventional pseudovirus-based virus neutralization test (R2 = 0.9796, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the traditional LFIA with a "turn-off" mode can only achieve a LoD of 11.06 IU mL-1 . The FQ-LFIA showed excellent sensitivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. The intra- and inter-assay precisions of the established method are below 15%. The established FQ-LFIA has promising potential as a rapid and quantitative method for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. FQ-LFIA can also be used to detect various biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Bian
- Biomaterials Research CenterSchool of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Zhuoheng Gan
- Biomaterials Research CenterSchool of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Ze Wu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Yuchen Song
- Biomaterials Research CenterSchool of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Yufeng Xiong
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Fang Hu
- Biomaterials Research CenterSchool of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
- Division of Laboratory MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510282China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
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7
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Song B, Wang L, Jiao F, Zhao H, Liu T, Sun S, Zhou H, Li J, Li X. Combined detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and specific IgG in plasma based on SERS magnetic sensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:075101. [PMID: 37934022 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0a4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) magnetic sensor is established based on SERS principle and magnetic separation technology, and a highly sensitive, simple and fast method for quantitative detection of neutralizing antibodies (nABs) and specific IgG of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma is established combined with immunoassay. Two kinds of Raman nanospheres (RNPs) with different characteristic Raman shifts are used as signal sources and coupled to ACE2 and anti-IgG (FC) antibodies respectively, and magnetic beads are coupled to RBD. The competitive relationship between ACE2 and nABs, the binding relationship between specific IgG and anti-IgG (FC) antibodies are determined. The results show that the concentrations of nABs and specific IgG in the range of 10-2000 ng ml-1are well correlated with SERS response intensity, and the recoveries are both between 90%-110%, with good precision. Bilirubin and common anticoagulants have no interference on the detection results. This method is accurate, reliable, sensitive and does not require complex pre-treatment, and is expected to be used for simultaneous detection of nABs and specific IgG in plasma of SARS-CoV-2. It has guiding significance for the development and evaluation of vaccines and the formulation of individualized vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Song
- Pharmacy Academy of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Active Components and Drug Release Technology, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Hu Suan Research Institute (Co., Ltd), Urumqi, 830020, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Garlic Medical Research in Xinjiang, 830020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Pharmacy Academy of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Active Components and Drug Release Technology, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Jiao
- Pharmacy Academy of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Active Components and Drug Release Technology, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixue Zhao
- Pharmacy Academy of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Active Components and Drug Release Technology, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei Liu
- Shanghai Simp Bio-Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijiao Sun
- Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Disease Prevention and Control Center, 831100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Simp Bio-Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiutong Li
- Pharmacy Academy of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Simp Bio-Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxia Li
- Pharmacy Academy of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Active Components and Drug Release Technology, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
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Sun Q, Ning Q, Li T, Jiang Q, Feng S, Tang N, Cui D, Wang K. Immunochromatographic enhancement strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on nanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15092-15107. [PMID: 37676509 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02396f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been catastrophic to both human health and social development. Therefore, developing highly reliable and sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a priority. Among all available POCTs, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA, also known as immunochromatography) has proved to be effective due to its accuracy, portability, convenience, and speed. In areas with a scarcity of laboratory resources and medical personnel, the LFIA provides an affordable option for the diagnosis of COVID-19. This review offers a comprehensive overview of methods for improving the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection using immunochromatography based on nanotechnology, sorted according to the different detection targets (antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids). It also looks into the performance and properties of the various sensitivity enhancement strategies, before delving into the remaining challenges in COVID-19 diagnosis through LFIA. Ultimately, it seeks to provide helpful guidance in selecting an appropriate strategy for SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic detection based on nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Sun
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qihong Ning
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Tangan Li
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shaoqing Feng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Kan Wang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Rocha VPC, Quadros HC, Fernandes AMS, Gonçalves LP, Badaró RJDS, Soares MBP, Machado BAS. An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement. Viruses 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37515190 PMCID: PMC10383723 DOI: 10.3390/v15071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the pandemic that started in 2020. The virus enters the host cell through the interaction of its spike glycoprotein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on the host cell's surface. Antibodies present an important role during the infection and pathogenesis due to many reasons, including the neutralization of viruses by binding to different spike epitopes. Therefore, measuring the neutralizing antibody titers in the whole population is important for COVID-19's epidemiology. Different methods are described in the literature, and some have been used to validate the main vaccines used worldwide. In this review, we discuss the main methods used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers, their advantages and limitations, as well as new approaches to determineACE2/spike blockage by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helenita Costa Quadros
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Gonçalves
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto José da Silva Badaró
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
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Liu Z, Liang J, Hu H, Wu M, Ma J, Ma Z, Ji J, Chen H, Li X, Wang Z, Luo Y. Development of an Effective Neutralizing Antibody Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3125-3139. [PMID: 37333734 PMCID: PMC10275375 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are essential for preventing reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and the recurrence of COVID-19; nonetheless, the formation of NAbs following vaccination and infection remains enigmatic due to the lack of a practical and effective NAb assay in routine laboratory settings. In this study, we developed a convenient lateral flow assay for the rapid and precise measurement of serum NAb levels within 20 minutes. Methods Receptor-binding domain-fragment crystallizable (RBD-Fc) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-histidine tag (ACE2-His) were expressed by the eukaryotic expression systems of Spodoptera frugiperda clone 9 and human embryonic kidney 293T, respectively. Then, colloidal gold was synthesized and conjugated with ACE2. After optimizing various operating parameters, an NAb lateral flow assay was constructed. Subsequently, its detection limit, specificity, and stability were systematically evaluated, and clinical samples were analyzed to validate its clinical feasibility. Results RBD-Fc and ACE2-His were obtained with 94.01% and 90.05% purity, respectively. The synthesized colloidal gold had a uniform distribution with an average diameter of 24.15 ± 2.56 nm. With a detection limit of 2 μg/mL, the proposed assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.80% and a specificity of 100% in 684 uninfected clinical samples. By evaluating 356 specimens from infected individuals, we observed that the overall concordance rate between the proposed assay and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 95.22%, and we noticed that 16.57% (59/356) of individuals still did not produce NAbs after infection (both by ELISA and the proposed assay). All the above tests by this assay can obtain results within 20 minutes by the naked eye without any additional instruments or equipment. Conclusion The proposed assay can expediently and reliably detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 NAbs after infection, and the results provide valuable data to facilitate effective prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trial registration Serum and blood samples were used under approval from the Biomedical Research Ethics Subcommittee of Henan University, and the clinical trial registration number was HUSOM-2022-052. We confirm that this study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangzhan Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengli Wu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Ji
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Chen C, Liang J, Hu H, Li X, Wang L, Wang Z. Research progress in methods for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Anal Biochem 2023:115199. [PMID: 37257735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has seriously affected the lives of people worldwide. Clarifying the attenuation rule of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) in vivo is the key to prevent reinfection and recurrence of virus. Currently, the commonly used methods for detecting NAb include virus neutralization tests, pseudovirus neutralization assays, lateral flow immunochromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The detection of NAb not only can be used to evaluate the level of immunity after vaccination or infection but also can provide important theoretical support for virus reinfection, recurrence and vaccine iteration. In this research, the related technologies of SARS-CoV-2 NAb detection were reviewed, aiming to provide better research ideas for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hangzhan Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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12
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Xu C, Shen H, Liu TM, Kwok RT, Lam JW, Tang BZ. Restriction of molecular motion to a higher level: Towards bright AIE dots for biomedical applications. iScience 2023; 26:106568. [PMID: 37128609 PMCID: PMC10148129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the late 19th century, scientists began to study the photophysical differences between chromophores in the solution and aggregate states, which breed the recognition of the prototypical processes of aggregation-caused quenching and aggregation-induced emission (AIE). In particular, the conceptual discovery of the AIE phenomenon has spawned the innovation of luminogenic materials with high emission in the aggregate state based on their unique working principle termed the restriction of intramolecular motion. As AIE luminogens have been practically fabricated into AIE dots for bioimaging, further improvement of their brightness is needed although this is technically challenging. In this review, we surveyed the recent advances in strategic molecular engineering of highly emissive AIE dots, including nanoscale crystallization and matrix-assisted rigidification. We hope that this timely summary can deepen the understanding about the root cause of the high emission of AIE dots and provide inspiration to the rational design of functional aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhuo Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanchen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ryan T.K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W.Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Corresponding author
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Zhang Z, Deng Z, Zhu L, Zeng J, Cai XM, Qiu Z, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission biomaterials for anti-pathogen medical applications: detecting, imaging and killing. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad044. [PMID: 37265605 PMCID: PMC10229374 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, greatly threaten the global public health. For pathogen infections, early diagnosis and precise treatment are essential to cut the mortality rate. The emergence of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) biomaterials provides an effective and promising tool for the theranostics of pathogen infections. In this review, the recent advances about AIE biomaterials for anti-pathogen theranostics are summarized. With the excellent sensitivity and photostability, AIE biomaterials have been widely applied for precise diagnosis of pathogens. Besides, different types of anti-pathogen methods based on AIE biomaterials will be presented in detail, including chemotherapy and phototherapy. Finally, the existing deficiencies and future development of AIE biomaterials for anti-pathogen applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Ziwei Deng
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Lixun Zhu
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Jialin Zeng
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xu Min Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Rescources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (Z.Z.); (B.Z.T.)
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Advantages of aggregation-induced luminescence microspheres compared with fluorescent microspheres in immunochromatography assay with sandwich format. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1247:340869. [PMID: 36781245 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorescein dye-embedded fluorescent microspheres (FMs) are currently the most established commercially fluorescent markers, and they have been widely used to improve the sensitivity of immunochromatography assay (ICA). However, these FMs have natural defects, such as the aggregation-caused quenching effect and small Stokes shift, which are not conducive to improving the detection performance of ICA. Herein, two green emitted FMs, namely aggregation-induced emission FMs (AIEFMs) and fluorescein isothiocyanate FMs (FITCFMs), were prepared by swelling the AIE luminogens and FITC dyes into the carboxyl group-modified polystyrene microspheres. The average diameters of AIEFMs and FITCFMs were 350 and 450 nm, respectively. Compared with FITCFMs, the AIEFMs exhibited stronger fluorescence intensity and a larger Stokes shift. These two FMs were used as the labeling markers of ICA for procalcitonin (PCT) detection with the sandwich format. Among them, AIEFM-ICA showed dynamic linear detection of PCT from 7.6 pg mL-1 to 125 ng mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) at 3.8 pg mL-1. These values were remarkably superior to those of FITCFM-ICA (linear range from 61 pg mL-1 to 62.5 ng mL-1 and LOD value at 60 pg mL-1). Furthermore, the average recoveries of the intra- and inter-assays of AIEFM-ICA ranged from 86% to 112%, with coefficients of variation ranging from 1.2% to 8.8%, indicating accuracy and precision for PCT quantitative detection. Additionally, the reliability of the developed AIEFM-ICA was further assessed by analyzing 30 real serum samples from systemic inflammatory response by infectious diseases, and the results showed good agreement with the chemiluminescence immunoassay. In conclusion, compared with traditional FITCFMs, green emitted AIEFMs as a novel fluorescent label, exhibits greater potential to enhance the detection performance of the ICA platform.
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Chen H, Wu J, Zhou M, Zhou H, Li X, Chen X, Zou H, Guo Q, Xiong Y. Ultrabright red-emitted aggregation-induced luminescence microspheres-based lateral flow immunoassay for furosemide detection in slimming products. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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