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Yang S, Sun Y, Yan C. Recent advances in the use of extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medical therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:316. [PMID: 38844939 PMCID: PMC11157933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. They possess remarkable properties, including multipotency, self-renewal, and easy clinical availability. ADSCs are also capable of promoting tissue regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines, factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) act as intercellular signaling mediators that encapsulate a range of biomolecules. These EVs have been found to mediate the therapeutic activities of donor cells by promoting the proliferation and migration of effector cells, facilitating angiogenesis, modulating immunity, and performing other specific functions in different tissues. Compared to the donor cells themselves, ADSC-EVs offer advantages such as fewer safety concerns and more convenient transportation and storage for clinical application. As a result, these EVs have received significant attention as cell-free therapeutic agents with potential future application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on recent research progress regarding regenerative medical use of ADSC-EVs across various medical conditions, including wound healing, chronic limb ischemia, angiogenesis, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, fat graft survival, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendinopathy and tendon healing, peripheral nerve regeneration, and acute lung injury, among others. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing these therapeutic effects. We believe that deciphering the biological properties, therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanisms associated with ADSC-EVs will provide a foundation for developing a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiran Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li YX, Wei SQ, Li S, Zheng PS. Strategies and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Infertility. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:385-403. [PMID: 38009217 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Having genetically related offspring remains an unattainable dream for couples with reproductive failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells derived from various human tissues and organs. As critical paracrine effectors of MSCs, extracellular vesicles (EVs) can carry and deliver bioactive content, thereby participating in intercellular communication and determining cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects, including repairing injured endometria, restoration of ovarian functions, and improving sperm quantity, morphology, and motility, owing to their regenerative potential, abundant sources, high proliferation rates, low immunogenicity, and lack of ethical issues. However, limited knowledge on purification and isolation of MSC-EVs, therapeutic effects, and unpredictable safety have caused challenges in overcoming female and male infertility. To overcome them, future studies should focus on modification/engineering of MSC-EVs with therapeutic biomolecules and combining attractive biomaterials and MSC-EVs. This review highlights the latest studies on MSC-EVs therapies in infertility and the major challenges that must be overcome before clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xing Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Si-Qi Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Shi Y, Wang S, Wang K, Yang R, Liu D, Liao H, Qi Y, Qiu K, Hu Y, Wen H, Xu K. Relieving Macrophage Dysfunction by Inhibiting SREBP2 Activity: A Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Loaded Multifunctional Hydrogel for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309276. [PMID: 38247194 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage dysfunction is one of the primary factors leading to the delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (hyBMSC-Exos) have been shown to play an active role in regulating cellular function through the carried microRNAs. However, the administration of hyBMSC-Exos alone in diabetic wounds usually brings little effect, because the exosomes are inherently unstable and have a short retention time at the wounds. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel based on gallic acid (GA) conjugated chitosan (Chi-GA) and partially oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) is prepared for sustained release of hyBMSC-Exos. The hydrogel not only exhibits needs-satisfying physicochemical properties, but also displays outstanding biological performances such as low hemolysis rate, strong antibacterial capacity, great antioxidant ability, and excellent biocompatibility. It has the ability to boost the stability of hyBMSC-Exos, leading to a continuous and gradual release of the exosomes at wound locations, ultimately enhancing the exosomes' uptake efficiency by target cells. Most importantly, hyBMSC-Exos loaded hydrogel shows an excellent ability to promote diabetic wound healing by regulating macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype. This may be because exosomal miR-4645-5p and antioxidant property of the hydrogel synergistically inhibit SREBP2 activity in macrophages. This study presents a productive approach for managing diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510650, P. R. China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Huaiwei Liao
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Qi
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Keqing Qiu
- Dermatological Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yanghong Hu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Huicai Wen
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, P. R. China
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4
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Cao M, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhou X. The reduction of the m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 in granulosa cells is related to the follicular cysts in pigs. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31289. [PMID: 38685566 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Follicular cysts are a common reproductive disorder in domestic animals that cause considerable economic losses to the farming industry. Effective prevention and treatment methods are lacking because neither the pathogenesis nor formation mechanisms of follicular cysts are well-understood. In this study, we first investigated the granulosa cells (GCs) of cystic follicles isolated from pigs. We observed a significant reduction in the expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). Subsequent experiments revealed that METTL3 downregulation in GCs caused a decrease in m6A modification of pri-miR-21. This reduction further inhibited DGCR8 recognition and binding to pri-miR-21, dampening the synthesis of mature miR-21-5p. Additionally, the decrease in miR-21-5p promotes IL-1β expression in GCs. Elevated IL-1β activates the NFκB pathway, in turn upregulating apoptotic genes TNFa and BAX/BCL2. The subsequent apoptosis of GCs and inhibition of autophagy causes downregulation of CYP19A1 expression. These processes lower oestrogen secretion and contribute to follicular cyst formation. In conclusion, our findings provide a foundation for understanding and further exploring the mechanisms of follicular-cyst development in farm animals. This work has important implications for treating ovarian disorders in livestock and could potentially be extended to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Cao M, Yuan C, Chen X, He G, Chen T, Zong J, Shen C, Wang N, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Li C, Zhou X. METTL3 deficiency leads to ovarian insufficiency due to IL-1β overexpression in theca cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:72-84. [PMID: 38825211 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome characterised by a decline in ovarian function in women before 40 years of age and is associated with oestradiol deficiency and a complex pathogenesis. However, the aetiology of POI is still unclear and effective preventative and treatment strategies are still lacking. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) is an RNA methyltransferase that is involved in spermatogenesis, oocyte development and maturation, early embryonic development, and embryonic stem cell differentiation and formation, but its role in POI is unknown. In the present study, METTL3 deficiency in follicular theca cells was found to lead to reduced fertility in female mice, with a POI-like phenotype, and METTL3 knockout promoted ovarian inflammation. Further, a reduction in METTL3 in follicular theca cells led to a decrease in the m6A modification of pri-miR-21, which further reduced pri-miR-21 recognition and binding by DGCR8 proteins, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of mature miR-21-5p. Decrease of miR-21-5p promoted the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from follicular theca cells. Acting in a paracrine manner, IL-1β inhibited the cAMP-PKA pathway and activated the NF-κB pathway in follicular granulosa cells. This activation increased the levels of reactive oxygen species in granulosa cells, causing disturbances in the intracellular Ca2+ balance and mitochondrial damage. These cellular events ultimately led to granulosa cell apoptosis and a decrease in oestradiol synthesis, resulting in POI development. Collectively, these findings reveal how METTL3 deficiency promotes the expression and secretion of IL-1β in theca cells, which regulates ovarian functions, and proposes a new theory for the development of POI disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Guitian He
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jinxin Zong
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Caomeihui Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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6
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Davis EH, Jones C, Coward K. Rethinking the application of nanoparticles in women's reproductive health and assisted reproduction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 38686941 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanotechnology may present opportunities to revolutionize the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of a range of reproductive health conditions in women. These technologies are also used to improve outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. We highlight a range of these potential clinical uses of nanoparticles for polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and sexually transmitted infections, considering in vitro and in vivo studies along with clinical trials. In addition, we discuss applications of nanoparticles in assisted reproductive technology, including sperm loading, gamete and embryo preservation and preventing preterm birth. Finally, we present some of the concerns associated with the medical use of nanoparticles, identifying routes for further exploration before nanoparticles can be applied to women's reproductive health in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hs Davis
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Chen X, Cao M, Yuan C, Luo Y, Wang N, Liu K, Chen T, Chen L, Zhang B, Li C, Zhou X. Follicular fluid exosomes inhibit expression of BTG2 and promote glucose uptake in granulosa cells by delivering miR-21-5p. Theriogenology 2024; 218:45-55. [PMID: 38301506 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in granulosa cells (GCs) is essential for follicle development and oocyte maturation. Porcine follicular fluid exosomes promote the proliferation of porcine GCs and the synthesis of steroid hormones. However, their role in regulating glucose uptake in GCs is unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of porcine follicular fluid exosomes on glucose uptake in porcine GCs and the intrinsic mechanisms involved. First, transcriptome sequencing revealed that glucose metabolism-related pathways were altered in GCs treated with follicular fluid exosomes. Next, in vitro culture experiments showed that glucose uptake was increased and the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway was activated in GCs after treatment with follicular fluid exosomes. Finally, miRNA sequencing of follicular fluid exosomes revealed that miR-21-5p was the most abundant miRNA. Subsequent investigations indicated that miR-21-5p promoted glucose uptake in GCs by targeting BTG2, which activated the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that porcine follicular fluid exosomes promote glucose uptake in porcine GCs by delivering miR-21-5p, which inhibits the expression of BTG2, activating the IRS1/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yuxin Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Kening Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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8
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Dai F, Liu H, He J, Wu J, Yuan C, Wang R, Yuan M, Yang D, Deng Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang X, Wang H, Hu W, Cheng Y. Model construction and drug therapy of primary ovarian insufficiency by ultrasound-guided injection. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:49. [PMID: 38378684 PMCID: PMC10880334 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, HRT may increase the risk of both breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) have been gradually applied to the therapy of a variety of diseases through inflammation inhibition, immune regulation, and tissue repair functions. However, the application and study of hUC-MSC exosomes in POI remain limited. METHODS Here, we first constructed four rat animal models: the POI-C model (the "cyclophosphamide-induced" POI model via intraperitoneal injection), the POI-B model (the "busulfan-induced" POI model), the POI-U model (the "cyclophosphamide-induced" POI model under ultrasonic guidance), and MS model (the "maternal separation model"). Second, we compared the body weight, ovarian index, status, Rat Grimace Scale, complications, and mortality rate of different POI rat models. Finally, a transabdominal ultrasound-guided injection of hUC-MSC exosomes was performed, and its therapeuticy effects on the POI animal models were evaluated, including changes in hormone levels, oestrous cycles, ovarian apoptosis levels, and fertility. In addition, we performed RNA-seq to explore the possible mechanism of hUC-MSC exosomes function. RESULTS Compared with the POI-C, POI-B, and MS animal models, the POI-U model showed less fluctuation in weight, a lower ovarian index, fewer complications, a lower mortality rate, and a higher model success rate. Second, we successfully identified hUC-MSCs and their exosomes, and performed ultrasound-guided intraovarian hUC-MSCs exosomes injection. Finally, we confirmed that the ultrasound-guided exosome injection (termed POI-e) effectively improved ovarian hormone levels, the oestrous cycle, ovarian function, and fertility. Mechanically, hUC-MSCs may play a therapeutic role by regulating ovarian immune and metabolic functions. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we innovatively constructed an ultrasound-guided ovarian drug injection method to construct POI-U animal models and hUC-MSC exosomes injection. And we confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSC exosomes on the POI-U animal models. Our study will offer a better choice for new animal models of POI in the future and provides certain guidance for the hUC-MSCs exosome therapy in POI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinglin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Chaoyan Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhimin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Mladenović D, Vesković M, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Radić L, Macut JB, Macut D. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles - a novel cross-talk mechanism in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w. [PMID: 38285412 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is the best described risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) while the major pathogenic mechanism linking these entities is insulin resistance (IR). IR is primarily caused by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipids from visceral adipose tissue. Increased fatty acid mobilization results in ectopic fat deposition in the liver which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress resulting in increased cytokine production and subsequent inflammation. Similarly, IR with hyperinsulinemia cause hyperandrogenism, the hallmark of PCOS, and inflammation in the ovaries. Proinflammatory cytokines from both liver and ovaries aggravate IR thus providing a complex interaction between adipose tissue, liver, and ovaries in inducing metabolic abnormalities in obese subjects. Although many pathogenic mechanisms of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS are known, there is still no effective therapy for these entities suggesting the need for further evaluation of their pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a novel cross-talk mechanism between organs and include membrane-bound vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that may change the phenotype and function of target cells. Adipose tissue releases EVs that promote IR, the development of all stages of NAFLD/MASLD and PCOS, while mesenchymal stem cell-derived AVs may alleviate metabolic abnormalities and may represent a novel therapeutic device in NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of adipose tissue-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lena Radić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Nejabati HR, Nikzad S, Roshangar L. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in PCOS. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:134-144. [PMID: 37198984 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230517123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major reproductive endocrine disorder affecting different facets of a woman's life, comprising reproduction, metabolism, and mental health. Recently, several research groups have brought attention to the therapeutic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of female reproductive disorders. It is highlighted that the treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) considerably diminishes the levels of some inflammatory markers as well as essential genes for ovarian production of androgens, which are considerably higher in theca cells of PCOS women than in those of healthy cases. In addition, studies show that BMMSCs improve in vitro maturation (IVM) of germinal vesicles (GVs) and the number of antral follicles while lessening the number of primary and preantral follicles in mice with PCOS compared to healthy controls. Regarding adipose- derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs), these cells restore the ovarian structure, enhance the number of oocytes and corpora luteum, and diminish the number of aberrant cystic follicles in PCOS rats. Some research also indicates that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) alleviate the inflammation of granulosa cells in women with PCOS. Therefore, due to the limited research on MSC therapy in PCOS, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of three types of MSCs: BMMSCs, AdMSCs, UC-MSCs and their secretome in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadeneh Nikzad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Zheng X, Zhao D, Liu Y, Jin Y, Liu T, Li H, Liu D. Regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in gynecological diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115739. [PMID: 37862976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many gynecological diseases, among which breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), endometriosis (EMs), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are common and difficult to cure. Stem cells (SCs) are a focus of regenerative medicine. They are commonly used to treat organ damage and difficult diseases because of their potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. SCs are also commonly used for difficult-to-treat gynecological diseases because of their strong directional differentiation ability with unlimited possibilities, their tendency to adhere to the diseased tissue site, and their use as carriers for drug delivery. SCs can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Exosomes can be produced in large quantities and have the advantage of easy storage. Their safety and efficacy are superior to those of SCs, which have considerable potential in gynecological treatment, such as inhibiting endometrial senescence, promoting vascular reconstruction, and improving anti-inflammatory and immune functions. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of the regenerative and anti-inflammatory capacity of SCs and exosomes in incurable gynecological diseases and the current progress in their application in genetic engineering to provide a foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Tianjia Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng 137000, China.
| | - Huijing Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Da Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Shi C, Wang Z. The physiological functions and therapeutic potential of exosomes during the development and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1279469. [PMID: 38028777 PMCID: PMC10657906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a very common disease of gynecological endocrine, accompanied by irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, metabolic abnormalities, reproductive disorders and other clinical symptoms, which seriously endangers women's physical and mental health, but its etiology and pathogenesis are not completely clear. Recently, the contribution of exosomes to the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in the biomedical field has attracted much attention, including PCOS. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, containing various biologically active molecules such as cell-specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are important signaling regulators in vivo and widely participate in various physiopathological processes. They are new targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. Considering the important role of non-coding RNAs during the development and treatment of PCOS, this article takes exosomal miRNAs as the breakthrough point for elucidating the physiological functions and therapeutic potential of exosomes during the development and treatment of PCOS through analyzing the effects of exosomal miRNAs on ovarian follicle development, hormone secretion, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and insulin resistance, thus providing new research directions and theoretical basis for PCOS pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and prognosis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengchao Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Wang K, Li Y. Signaling pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191759. [PMID: 37929034 PMCID: PMC10622806 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Although promising strides have been made in the field of PCOS over the past decades, the distinct etiologies of this syndrome are not fully elucidated. Prenatal factors, genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental toxins all contribute to the development of this intricate and highly heterogeneous metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological disorder. Moreover, interactions between androgen excess, insulin resistance, disruption to the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis, and obesity only make for a more complex picture. In this review, we investigate and summarize the related molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS pathogenesis from the perspective of the level of signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, TGF-β/Smads, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo/YAP. Additionally, this review provides an overview of prospective therapies, such as exosome therapy, gene therapy, and drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural compounds. By targeting these aberrant pathways, these interventions primarily alleviate inflammation, insulin resistance, androgen excess, and ovarian fibrosis, which are typical symptoms of PCOS. Overall, we hope that this paper will pave the way for better understanding and management of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Hadidi M, Karimabadi K, Ghanbari E, Rezakhani L, Khazaei M. Stem cells and exosomes: as biological agents in the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269266. [PMID: 37964963 PMCID: PMC10642184 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A typical condition of the female reproductive system is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperandrogenism are just a few of the metabolic abnormalities linked to this disease. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are further issues related to PCOS. One consequence of this syndrome for which numerous treatment procedures have been developed is infertility. Metformin and clomiphene, two common allopathic medications used to treat PCOS, both have drawbacks and are ineffective. It is vital to seek novel therapeutic modalities to address these constraints. Exosomes (EXOs) are a particular class of extracellular vesicles that cells release, and they are known to play a significant role in mediating intercellular communication. A wide range of cargo, including lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, and numerous other noncoding RNAs, are contained in the nanoscale lipid bilayer exosomes. The cytokine effects of stem cells and EXOs derived from them enable the defense against metabolic diseases like PCOS. Moreover, EXO microRNAs can potentially be employed as biomarkers in the detection and management of PCOS. In this study, the potential of stem cells and exosomes are specifically investigated in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS as one of the diseases of the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Hadidi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimabadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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15
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Zhang M, Xing J, Zhao S, Chen H, Yin X, Zhu X. Engineered extracellular vesicles in female reproductive disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115284. [PMID: 37572637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologically active and nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes in a cell-free manner. Unlike cells, EVs not only do not cause acute immune rejection, but are much smaller and have a low risk of tumorigenicity or embolization. Because of their unique advantages, EVs show promise in applications in the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders. As research broadens, engineering strategies for EVs have been developed, and engineering strategies for EVs have substantially improved their application potential while circumventing the defects of natural EVs, driving EVs toward clinical applications. In this paper, we will review the engineering strategies of EVs, as well as their regulatory effects and mechanisms on reproductive disorders (including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), intrauterine adhesion (IUA), and endometriosis (EMS)) and their application prospects. This work provides new ideas for the treatment of female reproductive disorders by engineering EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China.
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16
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Yuan C, Cao M, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chen X, Shen C, Li C, Zhou X. Follicular fluid exosomes inhibit BDNF expression and promote the secretion of chemokines in granulosa cells by delivering miR-10b-5p. Theriogenology 2023; 199:86-94. [PMID: 36709652 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation is an inflammatory response. Before ovulation, follicle cells release chemokines to recruit immune cells and promote ovulation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether follicular fluid exosomes promote chemokine secretion by granulosa cells (GCs). Porcine follicular fluid exosomes and follicular GCs were isolated in vitro. GCs were treated with follicular fluid exosomes in vitro and the differential gene expression profiles of the exosome-treated and control groups were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that, when compared to the controls, the expression of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL8 was significantly increased, whereas the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly decreased. The miRNA expression profiles in follicular fluid exosomes were obtained by microRNA sequencing. The results showed that exosomes carried many microRNAs, and that miR-10b-5p carried by exosomes could promote the secretion of CCL2 and CXCL8 by targeting BDNF. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that exosomes promote the secretion of CCL2 and CXCL8 by granulosa cells through the miR-10b-5p/BDNF axis to promote ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Caomeihui Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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17
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Guo XR, Ma Y, Ma ZM, Dai TS, Wei SH, Chu YK, Dan XG. Exosomes: The role in mammalian reproductive regulation and pregnancy-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1056905. [PMID: 36969587 PMCID: PMC10036776 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1056905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles that are produced and secreted by different mammalian cells. They serve as cargo proteins and can transfer different kinds of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which consequently act on target cells to exert different biological effects. Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of studies on exosomes due to the potential effects of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that exosomal contents, especially miRNAs, are implicated in numerous physiological processes such as reproduction, and are crucial regulators of mammalian reproduction and pregnancy-related diseases. Here, we describe the origin, composition, and intercellular communication of exosomes, and discuss their functions in follicular development, early embryonic development, embryonic implantation, male reproduction and development of pregnancy-related diseases in humans and animals. We believe this study will provide a foundation for revealing the mechanism of exosomes in regulating mammalian reproduction, and providing new approaches and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ru Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zi-Ming Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tian-Shu Dai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shi-Hao Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan-Kui Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Kui Chu, ; Xin-Gang Dan,
| | - Xin-Gang Dan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Kui Chu, ; Xin-Gang Dan,
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18
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Chen Z, Zhai J, Ma J, Chen P, Lin W, Zhang W, Xiong J, Zhang C, Wei H. Melatonin-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Alleviated Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction by Reversing Phenotypic Modulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203087. [PMID: 36652551 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an adverse side effect of pelvic surgery with no effective treatment. In this study, it is explored whether melatonin could improve the therapeutic effects of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), on cavernous nerve injury (CNI) ED, and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. The sEVs from melatonin-pretreated MSCs (MT-EVs) and MSCs (NC-EVs) are isolated and applied to CNI ED. Transplantation of MT-EVs remarkably increases erectile function and reduces phenotypic modulation in CNI ED rats. The therapeutic effects of MT-EVs are superior to those of NC-EVs. Sequencing implies that miR-10a-3p is enriched in MT-EVs, and directly targets the protein kinase inhibitor α (PKIA). After the suppression of miR-10a-3p, the therapeutic actions of MT-EVs are abolished, but are rescued by PKIA. Similarly, RhoA/ROCK is inhibited by MT-EVs, but this action is reversed by suppressing miR-10a-3p, accompanied by corresponding changes in PKIA. In conclusion, transplantation of MT-EVs could significantly alleviate CNI ED. MT-EVs may relieve the phenotypic modulation of the corpora cavernosum smooth muscle cells via the miR-10a-3p/PKIA/RhoA/ROCK signaling axis. These nanovesicles should be potential therapeutic vectors or bioactive materials for CNI ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weishun Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiaming Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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19
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Karam M, Najjar H, El Sabban M, Hamade A, Najjar F. Regenerative Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:853-865. [PMID: 36633783 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pathological condition prevalent among women of reproductive age: it is associated with varied etiological factors (lifestyle, genetic, environmental…) and characterized by an increased polycystic morphology of the ovaries leading to disturbances in the menstrual cycle and its correlated infertility. Interconnections between PCOS, obesity, and insulin resistance have been recently investigated thoroughly in the scientific community; these findings directed PCOS therapies into unraveling possibilities to target insulin resistance and central adiposity as efficient treatment. On the other hand, brown adipose tissue is known to possess a thermogenic activity that increases lipolysis and directly attenuates fat deposition. Therefore, brown adipose tissue activation lands itself as a potential target for reducing obesity and its induced insulin resistance, subsequently rescuing PCOS phenotypes. In addition, regenerative medicine has proven efficacy in resolving PCOS-associated infertility and its metabolic symptoms. In particular, many stem/progenitor cells have been verified to possess the differentiation capacity into functional brown adipocytes. Thus, throughout this review, we will discuss the different brown adipose tissue activation strategies and stem-cell-based therapies applied to PCOS models and the possible combination of both therapeutic approaches to synergistically act on the activation of brown adipose tissue and attenuate PCOS-correlated infertility and retract the consequences of the metabolic syndrome on the physiological state of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Karam
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, "Stem Cell, Organogenesis and Regenerative Medicine" Master Program, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Najjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Aline Hamade
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Departments of Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.
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