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Zhang X, Zhang X, Lin L, Wang K, Ji XJ. Advances in the biosynthesis of tetraacetyl phytosphingosine, a key substrate of ceramides. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 10:1-9. [PMID: 39193251 PMCID: PMC11347041 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, formed by the dehydration of long-chain fatty acids with phytosphingosine and its derivatives, are widely used in skincare, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Due to the exceedingly low concentration of phytosphingosine in plant seeds, relying on the extraction method is highly challenging. Currently, the primary method for obtaining phytosphingosine is the deacetylation of tetraacetyl phytosphingosine (TAPS) derived from fermentation. Wickerhamomyces ciferrii, an unconventional yeast from the pods of Dipteryx odorata, is the only known microorganism capable of naturally secreting TAPS, which is of great industrial value. In recent years, research and applications focused on modifying W. ciferrii for TAPS overproduction have increased rapidly. This review first describes the discovery history, applications, microbial synthesis pathway of TAPS. Research progress in using haploid breeding, mutagenesis breeding, and metabolic engineering to improve TAPS production is then summarized. In addition, the future prospects of TAPS production using the W. ciferrii platform are discussed in light of the current progress, challenges, and trends in this field. Finally, guidelines for future researches are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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2
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Perdicchia D. Borane-Trimethylamine Complex: A Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:2017. [PMID: 38731507 PMCID: PMC11085582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Borane-trimethylamine complex (Me3N·BH3; BTM) is the most stable of the amine-borane complexes that are commercially available, and it is cost-effective. It is a valuable reagent in organic chemistry with applications in the reduction of carbonyl groups and carbon-nitrogen double bond reduction, with considerable examples in the reduction of oximes, hydrazones and azines. The transfer hydrogenation of aromatic N-heterocycles and the selective N-monomethylation of primary anilines are further examples of recent applications, whereas the reduction of nitrobenzenes to anilines and the reductive deprotection of N-tritylamines are useful tools in the organic synthesis. Moreover, BTM is the main reagent in the regioselective cleavage of cyclic acetals, a reaction of great importance for carbohydrate chemistry. Recent innovative applications of BTM, such as CO2 utilization as feedstock and radical chemistry by photocatalysis, have extended their usefulness in new reactions. The present review is focused on the applications of borane-trimethylamine complex as a reagent in organic synthesis and has not been covered in previous reviews regarding amine-borane complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Perdicchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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3
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Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Molecular Library of Immunomodulatory α-Galactosylceramides with Fluorous-Tag-Assisted Purification and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities in Regard to IL-2 Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113403. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an emerging class of immunomodulatory agents in development for numerous biological applications. Variations in lipid chain length and/or fatty acids in these glycoceramides selectively trigger specific pro-inflammatory responses. Studies that would link a specific function to a structurally distinct α-GalCer rely heavily on the availability of homogeneous and pure materials. To address this need, we report herein a general route to the diversification of the ceramide portion of α-GalCer glycolipids. Our convergent synthesis commences from common building blocks and relies on the Julia–Kocienski olefination as a key step. A cleavable fluorous tag is introduced at the non-reducing end of the sugar that facilitates quick purification of products by standard fluorous solid-phase extraction. The strategy enabled the rapid generation of a focused library of 61 α-GalCer analogs by efficiently assembling various lipids and fatty acids. Furthermore, when compared against parent α-GalCer in murine cells, many of these glycolipid variants were found to have iNKT cell stimulating activity similar to or greater than KRN7000. ELISA assaying indicated that glycolipids carrying short fatty N-acyl chains (1fc and 1ga), an unsubstituted (1fh and 1fi) or CF3-substituted phenyl ring at the lipid tail, and a flexible, shorter fatty acyl chain with an aromatic ring (1ge, 1gf, and 1gg) strongly affected the activation of iNKT cells by the glycolipid-loaded antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d. This indicates that the method may benefit the design of structural modifications to potent iNKT cell-binding glycolipids.
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Gruchot J, Lein F, Lewen I, Reiche L, Weyers V, Petzsch P, Göttle P, Köhrer K, Hartung HP, Küry P, Kremer D. Siponimod Modulates the Reaction of Microglial Cells to Pro-Inflammatory Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13278. [PMID: 36362063 PMCID: PMC9655930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Siponimod (Mayzent®), a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator which prevents lymphocyte egress from lymphoid tissues, is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. It can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and selectively binds to S1PR1 and S1PR5 expressed by several cell populations of the central nervous system (CNS) including microglia. In multiple sclerosis, microglia are a key CNS cell population moving back and forth in a continuum of beneficial and deleterious states. On the one hand, they can contribute to neurorepair by clearing myelin debris, which is a prerequisite for remyelination and neuroprotection. On the other hand, they also participate in autoimmune inflammation and axonal degeneration by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and molecules. In this study, we demonstrate that siponimod can modulate the microglial reaction to lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gruchot
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Lein
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabel Lewen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Weyers
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University Olomouc, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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Bär A, Bär SI, Röder M, Schobert R. Synthesis of the Proposed Isomers of the Deep-Sea Mussel Metabolites Bathymodiolamides A and B. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1868-1873. [PMID: 33393289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of bathymodiolamides A and B, ceramide-like metabolites of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus, was accomplished in eight linear steps starting from Garner's aldehyde and three carboxylic acids. A sequence of vinylation of Garner's aldehyde, N-acylation with lauric acid, dihydroxylation of the terminal alkene, and stepwise Steglich-Hassner esterifications of the resulting vicinal diol with the respective saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids, which had to be prepared separately, afforded the target products in 38 and 39% yield. We found distinct discrepancies between their NMR data and antiproliferative activities and those reported for the natural isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bär
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Sofia I Bär
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Moritz Röder
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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6
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Raschmanová JŠ, Martinková M, Gonda J, Pilátová MB, Kupka D, Jáger D. Synthesis of the cytotoxic phytosphingosines and their isomeric analogues. Carbohydr Res 2018; 468:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Chun JS, Hong SM, Jeon TH, Park SJ, Son HP, Jung JM, Choi YJ, Kim IS, Jung YH. Divergent total synthesis of d-ribo-phytosphingosine and l-ribo-phytosphingosine from d-ribose. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Wang G, Li Z, Li H, Li L, Li J, Yu C. Metabolic Profile Changes of CCl₄-Liver Fibrosis and Inhibitory Effects of Jiaqi Ganxian Granule. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060698. [PMID: 27248993 PMCID: PMC6273034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jiaqi Ganxian Granule (JGG) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, which has been long used in clinical practice for treating liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-hepatic fibrosis is still not clear. In this study, an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics strategy was used to profile the metabolic characteristic of serum obtained from a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with JGG treatment. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), it was shown that metabolic perturbations induced by CCl4 were inhibited after treatment of JGG, for 17 different metabolites related to CCl4. Among these compounds, the change tendency of eight potential drug targets was restored after the intervention with JGG. The current study indicates that JGG has a significant anti-fibrosis effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, which might be by regulating the dysfunction of sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine biosynthesis, fat digestion and absorption, while glycerophospholipid metabolism played vital roles in the inhibitory effects of JGG on hepatic fibrosis according to Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MetPA). Our findings indicated that the metabolomics approach may provide a useful tool for exploring potential biomarkers involved in hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the action of therapies used in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zehao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lidan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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9
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Srinivas Rao G, Chandrasekhar B, Venkateswara Rao B. Total synthesis of the acetyl derivatives of lyxo-(2R,3R,4R)-phytosphingosine and (−)-jaspine B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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A common strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of anhydrophytosphingosine pachastrissamine (jaspine B) and N,O,O,O-tetra-acetyl d-lyxo-phytosphingosine. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Andrianasolo EH, Haramaty L, McPhail KL, White E, Vetriani C, Falkowski P, Lutz R. Bathymodiolamides A and B, ceramide derivatives from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent invertebrate mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:842-6. [PMID: 21222464 PMCID: PMC3081957 DOI: 10.1021/np100601w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two ceramide derivatives, bathymodiolamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the deep-sea hydrothermal vent invertebrate mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus. The molecular structures of these compounds were determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical degradation. Biological activities were assessed in a ApopScreen cell-based screen for apoptosis induction and potential anticancer activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of secondary metabolites from the marine hydrothermal vent mussel B. thermophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Andrianasolo
- Center for Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, United States
| | - Liti Haramaty
- Center for Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, United States
| | - Kerry L. McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Eileen White
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Costantino Vetriani
- Center for Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, United States
| | - Paul Falkowski
- Center for Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, United States
| | - Richard Lutz
- Center for Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, United States
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12
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Mina JG, Mosely JA, Ali HZ, Denny PW, Steel PG. Exploring Leishmania major inositol phosphorylceramide synthase (LmjIPCS): insights into the ceramide binding domain. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1823-30. [PMID: 21267500 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of set of ceramide analogues exploring hydrophobicity in the acyl chains and the degree and nature of hydroxylation is described. These have been assayed against the parasitic protozoan enzyme LmjIPCS. These studies showed that whilst the C-3 hydroxyl group was not essential for turnover it provided enhanced affinity. Reflecting the membrane bound nature of the enzyme a long (C(13)) hydrocarbon ceramide tail was necessary for both high affinity and turnover. Whilst the N-acyl chain also contributed to affinity, analogues lacking the amide linkage functioned as competitive inhibitors in both enzyme and cell-based assays. A model that accounts for this observation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Mina
- Centre for Bioactive Chemistry, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, UK DH1 3LE
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13
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Kumar P, Dubey A, Puranik VG. A general and concise asymmetric synthesis of sphingosine, safingol and phytosphingosines via tethered aminohydroxylation. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5074-86. [PMID: 20844791 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel, practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of sphingoid bases, l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphinganine (safingol), l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphingosine, l-arabino-[2R,3S,4R] and l-xylo-[2R,3S,4S]-C(18)-phytosphingosine is described. The synthetic strategy features the Sharpless kinetic resolution and tethered aminohydroxylation (TA) as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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14
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Park JJ, Lee JH, Seo KC, Bricard G, Venkataswamy MM, Porcelli SA, Chung SK. Syntheses and biological activities of KRN7000 analogues having aromatic residues in the acyl and backbone chains with varying stereochemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:814-8. [PMID: 20061147 PMCID: PMC5584937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
KRN7000 is an important ligand identified for CD1d protein of APC, and KRN7000/CD1d complex can stimulate NKT cells to release a broad range of bioactive cytokines. In an effort to understand the structure-activity relationships, we have carried out syntheses of 26 new KRN7000 analogues incorporating aromatic residues in either or both side chains. Structural variations of the phytosphingosine moiety also include varying stereochemistry at C3 and C4, and 4-deoxy and 3,4-dideoxy versions. Their biological activities are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Bricard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sung-Kee Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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15
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Jiang H, Elsner P, Jensen K, Falcicchio A, Marcos V, Jørgensen K. Achieving Molecular Complexity by Organocatalytic One-Pot Strategies-A Fast Entry for Synthesis of Sphingoids, Amino Sugars, and Polyhydroxylated α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Jiang H, Elsner P, Jensen K, Falcicchio A, Marcos V, Jørgensen K. Achieving Molecular Complexity by Organocatalytic One-Pot Strategies-A Fast Entry for Synthesis of Sphingoids, Amino Sugars, and Polyhydroxylated α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6844-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Pandey G, Tiwari DK. Enantioselective total synthesis of (2S,3R,4R)-d-xylo-phytosphingosine from substituted azetidin-2-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Tsuji K, Satoh S, Mitsutake S, Murakami I, Park JJ, Li Q, Chang YT, Chung SK, Igarashi Y. Evaluation of synthetic sphingolipid analogs as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1643-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Park JJ, Lee JH, Ghosh SC, Bricard G, Venkataswamy MM, Porcelli SA, Chung SK. Synthesis of all stereoisomers of KRN7000, the CD1d-binding NKT cell ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3906-9. [PMID: 18586489 PMCID: PMC2754801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
KRN7000 is an important ligand identified for CD1d protein of APC, and KRN7000/CD1d complex can stimulate NKT cells to release Th1 and Th2 cytokines. In an effort to understand the structure-activity relationships, we have carried out the synthesis of a complete set of the eight KRN7000 stereoisomers, and their biological activities have been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Subhash Ch. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Gabriel Bricard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, USA
| | - Sung-Kee Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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