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Awolade P, Cele N, Kerru N, Gummidi L, Oluwakemi E, Singh P. Therapeutic significance of β-glucuronidase activity and its inhibitors: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111921. [PMID: 31835168 PMCID: PMC7111419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of disease and dearth of effective pharmacological agents on most therapeutic fronts, constitutes a major threat to global public health and man's existence. Consequently, this has created an exigency in the search for new drugs with improved clinical utility or means of potentiating available ones. To this end, accumulating empirical evidence supports molecular target therapy as a plausible egress and, β-glucuronidase (βGLU) - a lysosomal acid hydrolase responsible for the catalytic deconjugation of β-d-glucuronides has emerged as a viable molecular target for several therapeutic applications. The enzyme's activity level in body fluids is also deemed a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of some pathological conditions. Moreover, due to its role in colon carcinogenesis and certain drug-induced dose-limiting toxicities, the development of potent inhibitors of βGLU in human intestinal microbiota has aroused increased attention over the years. Nevertheless, although our literature survey revealed both natural products and synthetic scaffolds as potential inhibitors of the enzyme, only few of these have found clinical utility, albeit with moderate to poor pharmacokinetic profile. Hence, in this review we present a compendium of exploits in the present millennium directed towards the inhibition of βGLU. The aim is to proffer a platform on which new scaffolds can be modelled for improved βGLU inhibitory potency and the development of new therapeutic agents in consequential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lalitha Gummidi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ebenezer Oluwakemi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
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Anouar EH, Moustapha ME, Taha M, Geesi MH, Farag ZR, Rahim F, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Nawaz M, Mosaddik A. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and β-Glucuronidase Inhibitory Potential of Indole Base Oxadiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050963. [PMID: 30857263 PMCID: PMC6429331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucuronidase is a lysosomal glycosidase enzyme which catalyzes the extracellular matrix of cancer and normal cells and the glycosaminoglycans of the cell membrane, which is important for cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Liver cancer, colon carcinoma, and neoplasm bladder are triggered by the increase of the level of β-glucuronidase activity. The most valuable structures are indole and oxadiazole which has gain immense attention because of its pharmacological behavior and display many biological properties. Twenty-two (1⁻22) analogs of indole based oxadiazole were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory potential against β-glucuronidase. Majority of the compounds showed potent inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging between 0.9 ± 0.01 to 46.4 ± 0.9 µM, under positive control of standard drug d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (IC50 = 48.1 ± 1.2 µM). Structural activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all synthesized compounds. To shed light on molecular interactions between the synthesized compounds and β-glucuronidase, 1, 4, and 6 compounds were docked into the active binding site of β-glucuronidase. The obtained results showed that this binding is thermodynamically favorable and β-glucuronidase inhibition of the selected compounds increases with the number of hydrogen bonding established in selected compound-β-glucuronidase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moustapha Eid Moustapha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
- University Central Laboratory, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Geesi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeinab R Farag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra-21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21300, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Ullah H, Rahim F, Taha M, Uddin I, Wadood A, Shah SAA, Farooq RK, Nawaz M, Wahab Z, Khan KM. Synthesis, molecular docking study and in vitro thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential of oxadiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jagtap R, Sakate S, Pardeshi S. Selective N-acetylation with concurrent S-oxidation of o -amino thiol at ambient conditions over Ce doped ZnO composite nanocrystallites. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Taha M, Arbin M, Ahmat N, Imran S, Rahim F. Synthesis: Small library of hybrid scaffolds of benzothiazole having hydrazone and evaluation of their β-glucuronidase activity. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:47-55. [PMID: 29331764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the great biological importance of β-glucuronidase inhibitors, here in this study, we have synthesized a library of novel benzothiazole derivatives (1-30), characterized by different spectroscopic methods and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. Among the series sixteen compounds i.e.1-6, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 20-23 and 26 showed outstanding inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranging in between 16.50 ± 0.26 and 59.45 ± 1.12 when compared with standard d-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (48.4 ± 1.25 µM). Except compound 8 and 23 all active analogs showed better potential than the standard. Structure activity relationship has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mastura Arbin
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 ShahAlam, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Norizan Ahmat
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 ShahAlam, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 ShahAlam, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
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Bano B, Arshia, Khan KM, Kanwal, Fatima B, Taha M, Ismail NH, Wadood A, Ghufran M, Perveen S. Synthesis, in vitro β -glucuronidase inhibitory potential and molecular docking studies of quinolines. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:849-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of disulfides bearing 1,2,4-triazole moiety as antiproliferative agents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Noreen T, Taha M, Imran S, Chigurupati S, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Ismail NH, Mohammad JI, Ullah H, javid MT, Nawaz F, Irshad M, Ali M. Synthesis of alpha amylase inhibitors based on privileged indole scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:248-255. [PMID: 28482265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Baharudin MS, Taha M, Imran S, Ismail NH, Rahim F, Javid MT, Khan KM, Ali M. Synthesis of indole analogs as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:323-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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