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Abdella M, Lahiri C, Abdullah I, Anwar A. Antibacterial Evaluation of Gallic Acid and its Derivatives against a Panel of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria. Med Chem 2024; 20:130-139. [PMID: 37612861 DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230823104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. Pathogenic bacteria have been developing tremendous resistance against antibiotics which has placed an additional burden on healthcare systems. Gallic acid belongs to a naturally occurring phenolic class of compounds and is known to possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities. AIMS & OBJECTIVES In this study, we synthesized thirteen derivatives of gallic acid and evaluated their antibacterial potential against seven multi-drug resistant bacteria, as well as cytotoxic effects against human embryonic kidney cell line in vitro. Methods: 13 compounds were successfully synthesized with moderate to good yield and evaluated. Synthesized derivatives were characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was determined using microdilution while cytotoxicyt was assessed using MTT assay. RESULTS The results of antibacterial assay showed that seven out of thirteen compounds exhibited antibacterial effects with compound 6 and 13 being most potent against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 56 μg/mL) and Salmonella enterica (MIC 475 μg/mL) respectively. On the other hand, most of these compounds showed lower cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), with IC50 values ranging from over 700 μg/mL. CONCLUSION Notably, compound 13 was found to be non-toxic at concentrations as high as 5000 μg/mL. These findings suggest that the present synthetic derivatives of gallic acid hold potential for further studies in the development of potent antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdella
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chandrajit Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot, 360005, India
| | - Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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Yıldırım H, Yıldız M, Bayrak N, Mataracı-Kara E, Özbek-Çelik B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Radwan MO, TuYuN AF. Natural-product-inspired design and synthesis of thiolated coenzyme Q analogs as promising agents against Gram-positive bacterial strains: insights into structure–activity relationship, activity profile, mode of action, and molecular docking. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20507-20518. [PMID: 35919160 PMCID: PMC9284347 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to develop effective and potentially active antibacterial and/or antifungal agents, we designed, synthesized, and characterized thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1–8) with an extensive antimicrobial study. The antimicrobial profile of these analogs was determined using four Gram-negative bacteria, three Gram-positive bacteria, and three fungi. Because of the fact that the thiolated CoQ analogs were quite effective on all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212), the first two thiolated CoQ analogs emerged as potentially the most desirable ones in this series. Importantly, after the evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity, we presented an initial structure–activity relationship for these CoQ analogs. In addition, the most promising thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1 and CoQ2) having the lowest MIC values on all tested Gram-positive bacterial strains, were further evaluated for their inhibition capacities of biofilm formation after evaluating their in vitro potential antimicrobial activity against each of 20 clinically obtained resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria. CoQ1 and CoQ2 exhibited potential molecular interactions with S. aureus DNA gyrase in addition to excellent pharmacokinetics and lead-likeness profiles. Our findings offer important implications for a potential antimicrobial drug candidate, in particular for the treatment of infections caused by clinically resistant MRSA isolates. In an attempt to develop effective and potentially active antibacterial and/or antifungal agents, we designed, synthesized, and characterized thiolated CoQ analogs (CoQ1–8) with an extensive antimicrobial study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Mataracı-Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Özbek-Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Istanbul University, Beyazit, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd, 1–7–30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amaç Fatih TuYuN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Simplified Procedure for General Synthesis of Monosubstituted Piperazines-From a Batch Reaction Vessel to a Flow (Microwave) Reactor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092168. [PMID: 32384633 PMCID: PMC7249161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported a novel simplified synthetic procedure for the preparation of monosubstituted piperazine derivatives which can now be easily prepared in a one-pot-one-step way from a protonated piperazine with no need of introduction of a protecting group. Reactions, proceeding either at room or higher temperatures in common solvents, involve heterogeneous catalysis by metal ions supported on commercial polymeric resins. A general synthetic scheme was successfully applied to afford a wide range of monosubstituted piperazines. Furthermore, we picked up a set of piperazine derivatives and studied the possibilities of microwave acceleration of given synthetic reactions to make them even more efficient. Our research proceeded from a simple batch technique to the construction of a flow microwave reactor prototype and resulted in promising findings which are summarized and discussed in the article.
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Abuelizz HA, Anouar E, Marzouk M, Taie HAA, Ahudhaif A, Al-Salahi R. DFT study and radical scavenging activity of 2-phenoxypyridotriazolo pyrimidines by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and reducing power capacity. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qiu YF, Lu B, Yan YY, Luo WY, Wang J, Hu X. Efficient synthesis of 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone: key intermediate for preparing Coenzyme Q. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Qiu YF, Lu B, Yan YY, Luo WY, Gao ZQ, Wang J. A convenient synthesis of 1,4-benzoquinones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819841806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,4-benzoquinones was prepared in a high yield by a two-step reaction starting from 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxytoluene by a Blanc reaction and subsequent oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fu Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Yue Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Qiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, P.R. China
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da Silva FFM, Monte FJQ, de Lemos TLG, do Nascimento PGG, de Medeiros Costa AK, de Paiva LMM. Eugenol derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:34. [PMID: 29611004 PMCID: PMC5880794 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol is the major component of clove essential oil and has demonstrated relevant biological potential with well-known antimicrobial and antioxidant action. Therefore, this work carried out the synthesis, purification, characterization, and evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of 19 eugenol derivatives. The derivatives were produced by esterification reactions in the hydroxyl group (−OH) of eugenol with different carboxylic acids and also by addition reactions in the double bond of the allyl group. The derivatives had a promising antibacterial potential, including a lower minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 μg/mL than eugenol (1000 μg/mL). In addition, the derivatives were active against bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) that eugenol itself showed no activity, thus increasing the spectrum of antibacterial action. As for the antioxidant activity, it was observed that the derivatives that involved esterification reactions in the hydroxyl group (−OH) of the eugenol molecule’s phenol resulted in a significant reduction of the antioxidant action (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) when compared with the eugenol precursor molecule (IC50 = 4.38 μg/mL). On the other hand, the structural changes located in the double bond affected much more smoothly the capacity of capturing radicals than the starting molecule, also being obtained derivatives with proximal antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 19.30 μg/mL) to commercial standards such as Trolox (IC50 = 16.00 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Felipe Maia da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), RN 233, Km 02 N°999, Chapada do Apodi, Apodi, RN, 59700-000, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, Campus do pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisco José Queiroz Monte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, Campus do pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, Campus do pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Georgina Garcia do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Humberto Monte, S/N, Campus do pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - Alana Kelly de Medeiros Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), RN 233, Km 02 N°999, Chapada do Apodi, Apodi, RN, 59700-000, Brazil
| | - Luanda Misley Mota de Paiva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), RN 233, Km 02 N°999, Chapada do Apodi, Apodi, RN, 59700-000, Brazil
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