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Mughal EU, Hawsawi MB, Naeem N, Hassan A, Alluhaibi MS, Ali Shah SW, Nazir Y, Sadiq A, Alrafai HA, Ahmed SA. Exploring fluorine-substituted piperidines as potential therapeutics for diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116523. [PMID: 38795518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of fluorine-substituted piperidine derivatives (1-8) has been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. In vitro and in vivo enzyme inhibitory studies were conducted to elucidate the efficacy of these compounds, shedding light on their potential therapeutic applications. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, these heterocyclic structures have been investigated against α-glucosidase and cholinesterase enzymes. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was also assessed. Evaluation of synthesized compounds revealed notable inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and cholinesterases. Remarkably, the target compounds (1-8) exhibited extraordinary α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as compared to the standard acarbose by several-fold. Subsequently, the potential antidiabetic effects of compounds 2, 4, 5, and 6 were validated using a STZ-induced diabetic rat model. Kinetic studies were also performed to understand the mechanism of inhibition, while structure-activity relationship analyses provided valuable insights into the structural features governing enzyme inhibition. Kinetic investigations revealed that compound 4 displayed a competitive mode of inhibition against α-glucosidase, whereas compound 2 demonstrated mixed-type behavior against AChE. To delve deeper into the binding interactions between the synthesized compounds and their respective enzyme targets, molecular docking studies were conducted. Overall, our findings highlight the promising potential of these densely substituted piperidines as multifunctional agents for the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulated glucose metabolism and cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed B Hawsawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa S Alluhaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, 51300, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, 51300, Pakistan
| | - H A Alrafai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
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2
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Moharram EA, El-Sayed SM, Ghabbour HA, El-Subbagh HI. Synthesis, molecular modeling simulations and anticancer activity of some new Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole analogues as EGFR/HER2 and DHFR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107538. [PMID: 38861913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
New imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole analogs were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as anticancer agents. In vitro biological evaluation of the anticancer properties of the compounds was performed against different cancer cell lines. Compounds 23 and 39 showed remarkable broad -spectrum cytotoxic potency on most of the tested cell lines. Compounds 23 and 39 exhibited potent activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 1.81 and 4.95 μM, respectively, compared to DOX and SOR (IC50 values of 4.17 and 7.26 μM, respectively). An enzyme inhibition assay was carried out to clarify the possible mode of action of the tested compounds. Compounds 23 and 39 were identified as possible EGFR, HER-2, and DHFR inhibitors. Cell cycle arrest results indicated that compound 23 caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the MCF-7 cells and at the G2/M phase in the Hep G2 cells. Compound 39 induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in Hela cells. In vivo testing of the anticancer activity of the two most promising molecules in this study was conducted, and the results indicated that they possess considerable in vivo anticancer activity in mice. Data obtained from the molecular modeling simulation study were consistent with the biological evaluation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Moharram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein I El-Subbagh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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3
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Zaib S, Khan I, Ali HS, Younas MT, Ibrar A, Al-Odayni AB, Al-Kahtani AA. Design and discovery of anthranilamide derivatives as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders via targeting cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132748. [PMID: 38821306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cellular loss of the central nervous system and elusive disease etiology provide a continuous impetus to explore drug discovery programmes aiming at identifying robust and effective inhibitors of cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzymes. We herein present a concise library of anthranilamide derivatives involving a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to install the diverse structural diversity required for the desired biological action. Using Ellman's method, cholinesterase inhibitory activity was performed against AChE and BuChE enzymes. In vitro assay results demonstrated that anthranilamides are potent inhibitors with remarkable potency. Compound 6k emerged as the lead candidate and dual inhibitor of both enzymes with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.49 ± 0.02 μM against AChE and BuChE, respectively. Several other compounds were found as highly potent and selective inhibitors. Anthranilamide derivatives were also tested against monoamine oxidase (A and B) enzymes using fluorometric method. In vitro data revealed compound 6h as the most potent inhibitor against MAO-A, showing an IC50 value of 0.44 ± 0.02 μM, whereas, compound 6k emerged as the top inhibitor of MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.06 ± 0.01 μM. All the lead inhibitors were analyzed for the identification of their mechanism of action using Michaelis-Menten kinetics experiments. Compound 6k and 6h depicted a competitive mode of action against AChE and MAO-A, whereas, a non-competitive and mixed-type of inhibition was observed against BuChE and MAO-B by compounds 6k. Molecular docking analysis revealed remarkable binding affinities of the potent inhibitors with specific residues inside the active site of receptors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the ability of potent compounds to form energetically stable complexes with the target protein. Finally, in silico ADME calculations also demonstrated that the potent compounds exhibit promising pharmacokinetic profile, satisfying the essential criteria for drug-likeness. Altogether, the findings reported in the current work clearly suggest that the identified anthranilamide derivatives have the potential to serve as effective drug candidates for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nasr EE, Tawfik SS, Massoud MAM, Mostafa AS. Unveiling new thiazole-clubbed piperazine derivatives as multitarget anti-AD: Design, synthesis, and in silico studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400044. [PMID: 38754070 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
New thiazole-clubbed piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized, evaluated for their inhibitory capabilities against human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (hAChE and/or hBuChE) and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and investigated for their metal chelating potential as multitarget agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Compounds 10, 19-21, and 24 showed the highest hAChE inhibitory activity at submicromolar concentrations, of which compound 10 was the most potent with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.151 μM. Compounds 10 and 20 showed the best hBuChE inhibitory activities (IC50 values of 0.135 and 0.103 μM, respectively), in addition to remarkable Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibitory activities and metal chelating capabilities. Both compounds were further evaluated against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and PC12 neuronal cells, where they proved noncytotoxic at their active concentrations against hAChE or hBuChE. They also offered a significant neuroprotective effect against Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Compound 10 displayed acceptable physicochemical properties and could pass the blood-brain barrier. The molecular docking study revealed the good binding interactions of compound 10 with the key amino acids of both the catalytic active site and the peripheral anionic site of hAChE, explaining its significant potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samar S Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A M Massoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amany S Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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5
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Elsayed RW, Bayoumi SM, El-Subbagh HI, El-Sayed SM. Hydrazinecarbonyl-thiazol-2-acetamides with pronounced apoptotic behavior: synthesis, in vitro/in vivo anti-proliferative activity and molecular modeling simulations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129285. [PMID: 37054758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A new series of N-[4-(2-substituted hydrazine-1-carbonyl)thiazole-2-yl]acetamides was synthesized and evaluated in vitro against six human cell lines as antitumor agents. Compounds 20, 21 and 22 showed remarkable inhibition to HeLa (IC50 values of 1.67, 3.81, 7.92 µM) and MCF-7 (IC50 values of 4.87, 5.81, 8.36 µM, respectively) cell growth with high selectivity indices and safety profiles. Compound 20 showed significant decreases in both tumor volume and body weight gain compared to vehicle control, in the solid tumor animal model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) with recovered caspase-3 immuno-expression. Flow cytometry cell analysis showed that 20 exerts anti-proliferative activity in mutant Hela and MCF-7 cell lines through arresting the cell growth at the G1/S phase producing cell death via apoptosis rather than necrosis. To explain the antitumor mode of action of the most active compounds, EGFR-TK and DHFR inhibition assays were carried out. Compound 21 conveyed dual EGFR/DHFR inhibition with IC50 0.143 (EGFR) and 0.159 (DHFR) µM. Compound 20 showed DHFR inhibition with IC50 0.262 µM. Compound 22 exhibited the best EGFR inhibitory efficacy with IC50 0.131 µM. Molecular modelling study revealed that 21 and 22 have binding interactions with EGFR amino acid residues Lys745 and Asp855. Compounds 20 and 21 showed affinity toward DHFR amino acid residues Asn64, Ser59 and Phe31. The ADMET profile and Lipinski's rule of five calculated for these compounds were acceptable. Compounds 20, 21 and 22 could be regarded as promising prototype antitumor agents for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham W Elsayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Said M Bayoumi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hussein I El-Subbagh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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6
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Nisar M, Gondal HY, Cheema ZM, Yousaf S, Nadeem H. New azole-derived hemiaminal ethers as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray structures, in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15535-15548. [PMID: 37021341 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2190805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A new class of azole-derived hemiaminal ethers is designed as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against acetylcholine. Chiral hemiaminals (3d and 3i) based on (R)-menthoxymethyl group exhibit excellent inhibition with IC50 values of 0.983 ± 1.41 and 1.154 ± 0.89 µM. Similarly, butoxymethyl derivatives 3a, 3f and 3h, also showed promising inhibition comparable to the standard drug, Donepezil. In silico studies were performed to understand the mode of interactions with the target proteins, where menthoxymethyl azoles 3d and 3i demonstrated the highest docking scores. Molecular dynamics simulations displayed the stable ligand-protein complex of 3i with effective binding interactions. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameterssupported the suitability of these small molecule inhibitors to develop cost-effective drug leads for Alzheimer's disease (AD). MTT assay substantiated the non-cytotoxic nature of the compounds. The synthesized compounds are extensively characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data and SC-XRD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sammer Yousaf
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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7
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Munir R, Zaib S, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Hussain N, Chaudhry F, Younas MT, Zahra FT, Tajammul Z, Javid N, Dera AA, Ogaly HA, Khan I. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Piperidinyl-Quinoline Acylhydrazones as New Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Assessment of Cholinesterase Inhibitory Profile, Molecular Docking Analysis, and Drug-like Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052131. [PMID: 36903376 PMCID: PMC10004187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the progressive neurological disorders and the main cause of dementia all over the world. The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease is a reason for the lack of effective drugs as well as a basis for the development of new structural leads. In addition, the appalling side effects such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, and headaches associated with the marketed treatment modalities and many failed clinical trials significantly limit the use of drugs and alarm for a detailed understanding of disease heterogeneity and the development of preventive and multifaceted remedial approach desperately. With this motivation, we herein report a diverse series of piperidinyl-quinoline acylhydrazone therapeutics as selective as well as potent inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes. Ultrasound-assisted conjugation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes (4a,b) and (un)substituted aromatic acid hydrazides (7a-m) provided facile access to target compounds (8a-m and 9a-j) in 4-6 min in excellent yields. The structures were fully established using spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H- and 13C NMR, and purity was estimated using elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their cholinesterase inhibitory potential. In vitro enzymatic studies revealed potent and selective inhibitors of AChE and BuChE. Compound 8c showed remarkable results and emerged as a lead candidate for the inhibition of AChE with an IC50 value of 5.3 ± 0.51 µM. The inhibitory strength of the optimal compound was 3-fold higher compared to neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 8g exhibited the highest potency and inhibited the BuChE selectively with an IC50 value of 1.31 ± 0.05 µM. Several compounds, such as 8a-c, also displayed dual inhibitory strength, and acquired data were superior to the standard drugs. In vitro results were further supported by molecular docking analysis, where potent compounds revealed various important interactions with the key amino acid residues in the active site of both enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulation data, as well as physicochemical properties of the lead compounds, supported the identified class of hybrid compounds as a promising avenue for the discovery and development of new molecules for multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Munir
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.Z.); (I.K.)
| | | | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faryal Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Tuz Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Tajammul
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Noman Javid
- Chemistry Department (C-Block), Forman Christian College, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.Z.); (I.K.)
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Sabry MA, Ghaly MA, Maarouf AR, El-Subbagh HI. New thiazole-based derivatives as EGFR/HER2 and DHFR inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular modeling simulations and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114661. [PMID: 35964425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New series of thiazole and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives were synthesized and tested for their in vitro anticancer activity. Compounds 27, 34, 39 and 42-44 showed the best anticancer activity against the tested cancer cell lines with high safety profile and selectivity indices, especially MCF-7 breast cancer, compared to sorafenib. As an attempt to reveal their mode of cytotoxicity, EGFR, HER2 kinase and DHFR inhibition assays were performed. Compounds 39 and 43 were the most potent dual EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitors, with IC50 values of 0.153 (EGFR), 0.108 (HER2) and 0.122 (EGFR), 0.078 (HER2) μM, respectively. 39 and 42 were the best DHFR inhibitors showing IC50 0.291 and 0.123 μM, respectively. 39 and 43 induced their cytotoxicity via cell cycle arrest at G1/S and G1 phases, respectively, and apoptosis rather than necrosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In vivo anti-breast cancer assay of 39 and 43 showed significant tumor volume reduction with recovered caspase-3 immunoexpression. Modeling study results proved the importance of the 5-(4-substituted phenyl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole moiety and the hydrazide side chain for the anticancer activity. The most potent compounds showed good drug-likeness features and could be used as prototypes for further optimization. 39 could be an example of a multi-targeting anticancer agent that acts by inhibiting EGFR/HER2 kinase, DHFR enzymes and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Sabry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mariam A Ghaly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Azza R Maarouf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein I El-Subbagh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Arshad MF, Alam A, Alshammari AA, Alhazza MB, Alzimam IM, Alam MA, Mustafa G, Ansari MS, Alotaibi AM, Alotaibi AA, Kumar S, Asdaq SMB, Imran M, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Jomah S. Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133994. [PMID: 35807236 PMCID: PMC9268695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ayed Alshammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Bader Alhazza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Md Anish Alam
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah M. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Drug Regulatory Affair, Department, Pharma Beistand, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Shahamah Jomah
- Pharmacy Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia;
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Sivaraman B, Raji V, Velmurugan BA, Natarajan R. Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitor Molecules with Therapeutic Potential for Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:427-449. [PMID: 34602041 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210928160159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), hydrolase enzyme, regulates the hydrolysis of acetylcholine neurotransmitter in the neurons. AchE is found majorly in the central nervous system at the site of cholinergic neurotransmission. It is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's diseasecausing dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychological symptoms. Recent findings involved the inhibition of AchE that could aid in the treatment of Alzheimer's. Many drugs of different classes are being analyzed in the clinical trials and examined for their potency. Drugs that are used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are donepezil, galantamine, tacrine, rivastigmine showing major adverse effects. To overcome this, researchers work on novel drugs to elicit inhibition. This review comprises many hybrids and non-hybrid forms of heteroaromatic and nonheteroaromatic compounds that were designed and evaluated for AchE inhibition by Ellman's method of assay. These novel compounds may assist future perspectives in the discovery of novel moieties against Alzheimer's disease by the inhibition of AchE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Sivaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vijaykumar Raji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bala Aakash Velmurugan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramalakshmi Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
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Irzoqi AA, Salman FA, Alasadi YK, Alheety MA. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Palladium(II) Mixed-Ligand Complexes of N-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamide and 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18854-18858. [PMID: 34882387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three novel palladium(II) mixed-ligand complexes of N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzamide (HL) and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), [Pd(HL)(dppe)]Cl2 (1), [Pd(L)(dppe)]Cl (2), and [Pd(L)2(dppe)] (3), were synthesized and fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, and molar conductivity measurements. Complex 3 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The ligand HL showed three different coordination modes: a neutral bidentate chelate bound through the endocyclic nitrogen and exocyclic oxygen atoms in 1, a negatively charged L bound as a bidentate chelate through the endocyclic nitrogen and negatively charged exocyclic oxygen atoms in 2, and a monodentate bound through the negatively charged endocyclic nitrogen atom in 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Irzoqi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq
| | - Faisal A Salman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq
| | - Yuosra K Alasadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq
| | - Mustafa A Alheety
- Department of Nursing, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
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Zaib S, Munir R, Younas MT, Kausar N, Ibrar A, Aqsa S, Shahid N, Asif TT, Alsaab HO, Khan I. Hybrid Quinoline-Thiosemicarbazone Therapeutics as a New Treatment Opportunity for Alzheimer's Disease‒Synthesis, In Vitro Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Computational Modeling Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216573. [PMID: 34770983 PMCID: PMC8587653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. The limited pharmacological approaches based on cholinesterase inhibitors only provide symptomatic relief to AD patients. Moreover, the adverse side effects such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, and headaches associated with these drugs and numerous clinical trial failures present substantial limitations on the use of medications and call for a detailed insight of disease heterogeneity and development of preventive and multifactorial therapeutic strategies on urgent basis. In this context, we herein report a series of quinoline-thiosemicarbazone hybrid therapeutics as selective and potent inhibitors of cholinesterases. A facile multistep synthetic approach was utilized to generate target structures bearing multiple sites for chemical modifications and establishing drug-receptor interactions. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). In vitro inhibitory results revealed compound 5b as a promising and lead inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.12 ± 0.02 μM, a 5-fold higher potency than standard drug (galantamine; IC50 = 0.62 ± 0.01 μM). The synergistic effect of electron-rich (methoxy) group and ethylmorpholine moiety in quinoline-thiosemicarbazone conjugates contributes significantly in improving the inhibition level. Molecular docking analysis revealed various vital interactions of potent compounds with amino acid residues and reinforced the in vitro results. Kinetics experiments revealed the competitive mode of inhibition while ADME properties favored the translation of identified inhibitors into safe and promising drug candidates for pre-clinical testing. Collectively, inhibitory activity data and results from key physicochemical properties merit further research to ensure the design and development of safe and high-quality drug candidates for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (R.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Rubina Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (R.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Naghmana Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Sehar Aqsa
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Noorma Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Tahira Tasneem Asif
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (R.M.); (I.K.)
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Rafique H, Saeed A, Naseem M, Riaz T, Perveen F, Mumtaz A, Maalik A, Sharif M. Efficient Synthesis of Novel N-[4-Methyl-3-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]benzamide Hybrid Ring System as Potential Antibacterial Agents. Med Chem 2021; 18:199-208. [PMID: 34561991 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210923103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic compounds display versatile biological applications, so the aim of this paper was to prepare biologically important heterocycles with enhanced bacterial resistance and to evaluate for their various structural features that are responsible for their biological properties. OBJECTIVE The objective was to synthesize bacterial resistance compounds with enhanced antibacterial properties. METHOD Ester moiety containing thiazole ring was converted into its hydrazide derivatives. These heterocyclic derivatives were cyclized into another ring oxadiazole; hence a hybrid ring system of two biologically active rings was prepared. RESULT All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and were screened for their antibacterial potential; they possess significant antibacterial activities. CONCLUSION New hybrid heterocyclic ring systems were synthesized by cyclization of hydrazide derivatives by adopting two step strategy in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities; they showed moderate to significant activities. QSAR and Molecular docking studies were performed to determine the mode of interaction. Experimental and computational data is in accordance with the determined antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Gujrat, Gujrat-50700. Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam Univeristy, 45320, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Gujrat, Gujrat-50700. 0
| | - Tauqeer Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Gujrat, Gujrat-50700. Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulations (RCMS), NUST, H-12 Campus Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbotabad Campus, Abbotabad, 22060. Pakistan
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbotabad Campus, Abbotabad, 22060. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sharif
- Chemistry of Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261. Saudi Arabia
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Zhu H, Dronamraju V, Xie W, More SS. Sulfur-containing therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:305-352. [PMID: 33613018 PMCID: PMC7889054 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is widely existent in natural products and synthetic organic compounds as organosulfur, which are often associated with a multitude of biological activities. OBenzothiazole, in which benzene ring is fused to the 4,5-positions of the thiazolerganosulfur compounds continue to garner increasing amounts of attention in the field of medicinal chemistry, especially in the development of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a fatal neurodegenerative disease and the primary cause of age-related dementia posing severe societal and economic burdens. Unfortunately, there is no cure for AD. A lot of research has been conducted on sulfur-containing compounds in the context of AD due to their innate antioxidant potential and some are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we have described emerging trends in the field, particularly the concept of multi-targeting and formulation of disease-modifying strategies. SAR, pharmacological targets, in vitro/vivo ADMET, efficacy in AD animal models, and applications in clinical trials of such sulfur compounds have also been discussed. This article provides a comprehensive review of organosulfur-based AD therapeutic agents and provides insights into their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Zhu
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Venkateshwara Dronamraju
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Sahin Z, Biltekin SN, Bülbül EF, Yurttas L, Berk B, Demirayak Ş. Design and synthesis of new donepezil analogs derived from arylpiperazine scaffold as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1830773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sevde Nur Biltekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Fatih Bülbül
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Leyla Yurttas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Barkin Berk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şeref Demirayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dorababu A. Critical evaluation of current Alzheimer's drug discovery (2018-19) & futuristic Alzheimer drug model approach. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103299. [PMID: 31586701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease responsible for death of millions of people worldwide is a progressive clinical disorder which causes neurons to degenerate and ultimately die. It is one of the common causes of dementia wherein a person's incapability to independently think, behave and decline in social skills can be quoted as major symptoms. However the early signs include the simple non-clinical symptoms such as forgetting recent events and conversations. Onset of these symptoms leads to worsened conditions wherein the AD patient suffers severe memory impairment and eventually becomes unable to work out everyday tasks. Even though there is no complete cure for AD, rigorous research has been going on to reduce the progress of AD. Currently, a very few clinical drugs are prevailing for AD treatment. So this is the need of hour to design, develop and discovery of novel anti-AD drugs. The main factors for the cause of AD according to scientific research reveals structural changes in brain proteins such as beta amyloid, tau proteins into plaques and tangles respectively. The abnormal proteins distort the neurons. Despite the high potencies of the synthesized molecules; they could not get on the clinical tests up to human usage. In this review article, the recent research carried out with respect to inhibition of AChE, BuChE, NO, BACE1, MAOs, Aβ, H3R, DAPK, CSF1R, 5-HT4R, PDE, σ1R and GSK-3β is compiled and organized. The summary is focused mainly on cholinesterases, Aβ, BACE1 and MAOs classes of potential inhibitors. The review also covers structure activity relationship of most potent compounds of each class of inhibitors alongside redesign and remodeling of the most significant inhibitors in order to expect cutting edge inhibitory properties towards AD. Alongside the molecular docking studies of the some final compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Mumtaz A, Majeed A, Zaib S, Ur Rahman S, Hameed S, Saeed A, Rafique H, Mughal E, Maalik A, Hussain I, Iqbal J. Investigation of potent inhibitors of cholinesterase based on thiourea and pyrazoline derivatives: Synthesis, inhibition assay and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103036. [PMID: 31271943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the desperate need of new drugs development to treat Alzheimer's ailment the synthesis of 1-aroyl-3-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thioneaminylthioureas (2-6) starting from (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol) (1) and synthesis of 1-(3-(4-aminophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propan-1-one (7-9) starting from 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanehydrazide (a) with the cyclization with substituted chalcones (c-e) was carried out. To check the biological potential of the synthesized compounds, all were subjected to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays. The most potent and selective inhibitor for the acetylcholinesterase was compound 7 having an inhibitory concentration of 123 ± 51 nM, whereas, compound 6 was found as selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with an IC50 value of 201 ± 80 nM. However, the compounds 1 and 2 were found as dual inhibitors i.e. active against both acetylcholinesterase as well as butyrylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rahman
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Saba Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, 45550-Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on acetylcholinesterase: Enzyme kinetics and interaction mechanism merging with molecular docking analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:303-313. [PMID: 31128195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) serves as an important target for Alzheimer's disease. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used to treat cardiovascular disease for hundreds of years. However, the interaction between S. miltiorrhiza and AchE is still inadequate. Herein, an integrated method including molecular docking and experimental studies was employed to investigate the interaction. Consequently, some components were screened as potent AchE inhibitors by in silico and in vitro. Among them, miltirone (MT) and salvianolic acid A (SAA) reversibly inhibited AchE in a mixed-competitive manner. Fluorescence data revealed that SAA and salvianolic acid C (SAC) strongly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of AchE through a static quenching mechanism, and the binding was spontaneous and dominated by hydrophobic interaction inferred by the thermodynamic parameters. The synchronous and ANS-binding fluorescence spectra suggested that SAA and SAC could bind to the enzyme and induce its conformation changes of secondary structures, which was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. Meanwhile, molecular docking presented the probable binding modes of inhibitors to AchE and highlighted the key role of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds for the stability of docking complex. These findings put more insights into understanding the interaction of S. miltiorrhiza chemicals and AchE, as well as Alzheimer's disease.
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Maalik A, Rahim H, Saleem M, Fatima N, Rauf A, Wadood A, Malik MI, Ahmed A, Rafique H, Zafar MN, Riaz M, Rasheed L, Mumtaz A. Synthesis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiurease and molecular docking studies of N-(3-trifluoromethyl)benzoyl-N'-aryl thiourea derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102946. [PMID: 31054433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An irrefutable advancement has been noted for the infectious diseases caused due to ureolytic bacteria through the development of various drugs. Keeping in mind the extremely valuable synthetic utility and medicinal significance of thiourea derivatives, synthesis of new 3-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid thiourea derivatives (3a-j) were carried out. The biological potential of all compounds in terms of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiurease activities were studied. The compounds 3a, 3c and 3i with dichloro and methoxy groups substitution on the aryl group showed significant activity against all strain of bacteria while moderate to no activity was observed in remaining compounds. Whereas the antifungal evaluation showed that all compounds were active againts C. Albican and no activity was observed against C. Prapsilosis. The cytotoxic findings revealed the non-toxic nature of these compounds as IC50 values of majority of the compounds are above 100 μm except for compounds 3f and 3g. In addition, these compounds exhibited better antioxidant potential as 100 μm concentration inhibited >50% reactive oxygen species (ROS) production except compounds 3e, 3f and 3j. The compound 3a proved to be the most potent urease inhibitor showing the highest enzyme % inhibition (93.1%) with IC50 value of 8.17 ± 0.24 µM and found more active as compare to standard followed by compound 3e (92.6%), 3h (91.6%), 3d (90.8%), 3b (90.6%) and 3f (90.0%) with their respective IC50 values. All the synthesized compounds were docked into the binding cavity of Urease (PDB ID: 4ubp). The most active compound 3a was also ranked as top on the docking score as it was found to show valuable interactions with the target protein along with good docking scores. Hence our results revealed that the synthesized compounds have potential to be used as potent urease inhibitors after further detailed mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan Campus, 32200 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, 23561 Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, 23561 Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, 23561 Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Township Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Biological Activities Evaluation of Enantiopure Isoxazolidine Derivatives: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1113-1130. [PMID: 30167968 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of enantiopure isoxazolidines (3a-c) were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a (-)-menthone-derived nitrone and various terminal alkenes. The screened compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by two in vitro antioxidant assays, including β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, TBARS). The results revealed that compound 3b (EC50 = 0.55 ± 0.09 mM) was the most potent antioxidant as compared to the standard drug (EC50 = 2.73 ± 0.07 mM) using the TBARS assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was assessed using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Among the synthesized compounds, 3c was found to be the most potent antimicrobial agent as compared to the standard drug. Subsequently, the acute toxicity study has also been carried out for the newly synthesized compounds and the experimental studies revealed that all compounds were safe up to 500 mg/kg and no death of animals were recorded. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed by the MTT cell proliferation assay against the continuous human cell lines HeLa and compound 3c (GI50 = 46.2 ± 1.2 μM) appeared to be more active than compound 3a (GI50 = 200 ± 2.8 μM) and 3b (GI50 = 1400 ± 7.8 μM). Interestingly, all tested compounds displayed a good α-amylase inhibitory activity in competitive manner with IC50 values ranging between 23.7 and 64.35 μM when compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 282.12 μM). In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to understand the possible binding and the interaction of the most active compounds to the α-amylase pocket.
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