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Dauda AM, Swift T, Telford R, Abd El-Wahab HAA, Danta CC, Pors K, Ruiz A. Insight into the liposomal encapsulation of mono and bis-naphthalimides. RSC PHARMACEUTICS 2024; 1:272-282. [PMID: 38899150 PMCID: PMC11185046 DOI: 10.1039/d3pm00060e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitonafide-loaded liposomes are a promising strategy to overcome the neurotoxicity observed in clinical trials for this drug. This study investigates the influence of loaded mitonafide or a dimer analogue on different liposomal formulations and their therapeutic efficacy in vitro. Physicochemical properties of the liposomes were manipulated using different loading methods (namely bilayer or core loading) and varying the rigidity of the bilayer using distinct phospholipid compositions. Our results demonstrated that the mitonafide dimer analogue had a comparable encapsulation efficiency (EE%) into the liposomes when loaded into rigid or flexible bilayers in contrast to the low mitonafide monomer EE%. A pH gradient core loading method resulted in a more efficient mechanism to load the monomer into the liposomes. DOSY NMR and spectrofluorometric studies revealed key differences in the structure of the vesicles and the arrangement of the monomer or the dimer in the bilayer or the core of the liposomes. The in vitro assessment of the formulations using MDA-MB-231 and RT-112 cells revealed that a flexible lipid bilayer allows a faster drug release, which correlated well with the spectroscopy studies. This study investigated for the first time that the characteristics of the lipid bilayer and the loading method influence the encapsulation efficacy, colloidal properties, photoactivity and stability of mono and bis-naphthalimides loaded in a liposomal carrier, essential factors that will impact the performance of the formulation in a biological scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Magaji Dauda
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Thomas Swift
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Richard Telford
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Hend A A Abd El-Wahab
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Chhanda Charan Danta
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Amalia Ruiz
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford Bradford UK
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2
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Gao Y, Guo L, Liu X, Chen N, Yang X, Zhang Q. Advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic polyamines. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231979. [PMID: 39092147 PMCID: PMC11293801 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic polyamines constitute a significant class of macrocyclic compounds that play a pivotal role in the realm of supramolecular chemistry. They find extensive applications across diverse domains including industrial and agricultural production, clinical diagnostics, environmental protection and other multidisciplinary fields. Macrocyclic polyamines possess a distinctive cavity structure with varying sizes, depths, electron-richness degrees and flexibilities. This unique feature enables them to form specific supramolecular structures through complexation with diverse objects, thereby attracting considerable attention from chemists, biologists and materials scientists alike. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive summaries on the synthesis methods for macrocyclic polyamines. In this review article, we provide an in-depth introduction to the synthesis of macrocyclic polyamines while analysing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we also present an overview of the recent 5-year advancements in using macrocyclic polyamines as non-viral gene vectors, fluorescent probes, diagnostic and therapeutic reagents as well as catalysts. Looking ahead to future research directions on the synthesis and application of macrocyclic polyamines across various fields will hopefully inspire new ideas for their synthesis and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Tangshan First Vocational Secondary Specialized School, Tangshan 063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Degradable Polymers, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
- Tangshan Silicone Key Laboratory, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan063000, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Wang J, Wang D, Du TT, Yi WJ, Liu Q. Reducible amino acid based cationic lipids with a naphthalimide moiety as non-viral gene vehicles. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221145850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three basic amino acid–based cationic lipids bearing a fluorescent naphthalimide moiety and a reducible disulfide linkage are synthesized and applied as non-viral gene vehicles. Their DNA interactions are investigated by agarose-gel retardant and ethidium bromide replacement assays. The sizes and zeta potentials of the liposome/DNA complexes are measured by dynamic light scattering. The cytotoxicities of the liposome/DNA complexes are examined using HeLa and 7702 cell lines by MTT assays. The glutathione-responsive DNA release process is studied through time-dependent fluorescence assays. Luciferase gene expression showed the transfection efficiency of the liposome is dramatically increased in the presence of 10% serum. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies corroborated that the liposome/DNA complexes are successfully uptaken into HeLa cells. These results demonstrate the promising use of amino acids and naphthalimide-containing lipids for safe and efficient gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Yi
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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4
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Yang JB, Wu CY, Liu XY, Yu XM, Guo XR, Zhang YJ, Liu R, Lu ZL, Huang HW. Red fluorescent AIEgens based multifunctional nonviral gene vectors for the efficient combination of gene therapy and photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112765. [PMID: 35981470 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Precise molecular engineering of AIEgens-based cationic delivery systems for high transfection efficiency (TE) and effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds a huge potential for cancer treatment. Herein, three amphiphiles (DT-C6/8/12-M) consisting of di(triazole-[12]aneN3) (M) and 1,1-dicyano-2-phenyl-2-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl-ethylene (DT) units have been developed to achieve luminescent tracking, efficient TE, and effective PDT in vitro and in vivo. These compounds exhibited strong aggregated induced emission (AIE) at 630 nm and mega Stokes shifts of up to 160 nm. They were able to bind DNA into nanoparticles with suitable sizes, positive surface potential, and good biocompatibility in the presence of DOPE. Among them, vector DT-C12-M/DOPE with n-dodecyl linker achieved a transfection efficiency as high as 42.3 folds that of Lipo2000 in PC-3 cell lines. DT-C12-M/DOPE exhibited the capability of successful endo/lysosomal escape and rapid nuclear delivery of pDNA, and the gene delivery process was clearly monitored via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Moreover, efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by DT-C12-M upon light irradiation led to effective PDT in vitro . We further show that combination of p53 gene therapy and PDT dramatically enhanced cancer therapeutic outcome in vivo. This "three birds, one stone" strategy offers a novel and promising approach for real-time tracking of gene delivery and better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xu-Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiao-Man Yu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ru Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Hai-Wei Huang
- China National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Institute of Chemical Drug Control, HuaTuo Road 29, Beijing 102629, PR China.
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5
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Tang F, Wang Q, Gao YN, Zhang YS, Liang YX, Lu ZL, Liu R, Ding AX. A NIR Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluoroamphiphile as Visually Trackable and Serum-Tolerant Nonviral Gene Carrier. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:929-937. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ai-Xiang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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Wang Q, Liu X, Tang F, Lu Z. 基于大环多胺[12]aneN<sub>3</sub>多功能非病毒基因载体的合成及性质研究. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Application of Non-Viral Vectors in Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193307. [PMID: 34641123 PMCID: PMC8512075 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vectors and carriers play an indispensable role in gene therapy and drug delivery. Non-viral vectors are widely developed and applied in clinical practice due to their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, easy synthesis and modification, and low cost of production. This review summarized a variety of non-viral vectors and carriers including polymers, liposomes, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes from the aspects of physicochemical characteristics, synthesis methods, functional modifications, and research applications. Notably, non-viral vectors can enhance the absorption of cargos, prolong the circulation time, improve therapeutic effects, and provide targeted delivery. Additional studies focused on recent innovation of novel synthesis techniques for vector materials. We also elaborated on the problems and future research directions in the development of non-viral vectors, which provided a theoretical basis for their broad applications.
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Jia J, Gao Y, Dang K, Guo X, Ding A. Naphthalimide‐modified dendrimers as efficient and low cytotoxic nucleic acid delivery vectors. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Jia
- Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University Tangshan China
| | - Yongguang Gao
- Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University Tangshan China
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Kai Dang
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaosong Guo
- Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University Tangshan China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang China
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9
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Integration of [12]aneN3 and Acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline as non-viral gene vectors with two-photon property for enhanced DNA/siRNA delivery and bioimaging. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104983. [PMID: 34029935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescent Acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline (ANQ) and the hydrophilic di-(triazole-[12]aneN3) moieties were combined through an alkyl chain (ANQ-A-M) or a β-hairpin motif with two aromatic γ-amino acid residues (ANQ-H-M) to explore their capabilities for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery and tracing. ANQ-A-M and ANQ-H-M showed the same maximum absorption at 420 nm, and their fluorescent intensities around 650 nm were varied in different solvents and became poor in the protic solvents. Gel electrophoresis assays indicated that both compounds completely retarded the migration of pDNA at 20 μM in the presence of DOPE. However, the DNA condensation with ANQ-H-M was not reversible, and the particle size of the corresponding complexes were larger indicated from the SEM and DLS measurements. In vitro transfections indicated ANQ-A-M/DOPE achieved Luciferase and GFP expressions were to be 7.9- and 5.7-fold of those by Lipo2000 in A549 cells respectively. However, ANQ-H-M showed very poor transfection efficiency in Luciferase expression. With the help of single/two-photon fluorescence imaging it clearly demonstrated that the successful transfection of ANQ-A-M was attributed to its cellular uptake, apparent lysosomal escape, and reversible release of DNA; and the poor transfection of ANQ-H-M was resulted from the aggregation of the DNA complexes which prevented them from the cellular uptake, and also the strong binding ability which is not easy to release DNA. ANQ-A-M/DOPE also exhibited robust gene silencing (83% knockdown of Luciferase) and GFP expression (2.47-fold higher) efficiency compared with Lipo2000 in A549 and zebrafish, respectively. The work demonstrated that the linkage structure between fluorescent and di(triazole-[12]aneN3) played the important role for their gene delivery performance, and that ANQ-A-M represents a vector with the strong transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo as well as the efficient real time bioimaging properties, which is potential for the development in biomedical research.
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Gao YG, Huangfu SY, Patil S, Tang Q, Sun W, Li Y, Lu ZL, Qian A. [12]aneN 3-based multifunctional compounds as fluorescent probes and nucleic acids delivering agents. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:66-80. [PMID: 31858838 PMCID: PMC6968532 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1704943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of multifunctional compounds (MFCs) 1a-1e based on 1,8-naphthalimide and [12]aneN3 building blocks were designed and synthesized. They were used as not only fluorescent probes for recognition of Cu2+ ions but also as non-viral gene vectors for DNA and RNA delivery. Furthermore, their complexes with Cu2+ (1-Cu) could also selectively stain lysosome in HeLa cells. In order to achieve high performance multifunctional materials, structure-performance relationship of MFCs 1a-1e was studied. It was found that MFCs 1a-1e exhibited highly selective fluorescence turn-off for Cu2+, without interference by other metal ions in aqueous solution. The fluorescence emission of 1a-1e was quenched by a factor of 10-fold, 47-fold, 6-fold, 64-fold, and 15-fold respectively in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Due to high sensitivity, good water solubility, and low cytotoxicity, MFCs 1a-1d were successfully applied in the recognition of Cu2+ and selectively staining lysosome in HeLa cells. Most importantly, MFCs 1a and 1b had excellent HeLa cell selectivity in RNA delivery, and their performances were far better than lipofectamine 2000 and 25 kDa PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Huangfu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Wang D, Wang J, Song J, Shen Q, Wang R, Lu W, Pan J, Xie C, Liu M. Guanidyl and imidazolyl integration group-modified PAMAM for gastric adenocarcinoma gene therapy. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3240. [PMID: 32558063 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy has become a potential strategy for cancer treatment. However, the development of efficient gene vectors restricts the application for cancer gene treatment. Functionalization of polymers with functional groups can significantly improve their transfection efficacy. METHODS Guanidyl can form bidentate hydrogen with the phosphate groups and phosphate groups are present in DNA and cell membranes, thus increasing DNA condensation and cellular uptake. Imidazolyl has high buffering capacity in endosomal/lysosomal acidic environment, facilitating endosome/lysosome escape. We designed a structure-integrated group of guanidyl and imidazolyl, 2-aminoimidazole (AM), which was conjugated to PAMAM generation 2 (G2) for gene therapy of gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Molecular docking results illustrated that G2-AM bound with DNA molecule effectively via multiple interactions. A quantitative luciferase assay showed that the transfection efficacy of G2-AM/pGL3 was approximately 100-fold greater than that of G2/pGL3, 90-fold greater than that of imidazolyl-modified G2 (G2-M) /pGL3 and 100-fold greater than that of G5/pGL3 without additional cytotoxicity. After introducing the pTRAIL gene into gastric adenocarcinoma cells, the apoptosis ratio of gastric adenocarcinoma cells treated with G2-AM/pTRAIL was 36.95%, which is much larger than the corresponding ratio of G2/pTRAIL (7.45%), G2-M/pTRAIL (11.33%) and G5/pTRAIL (23.2%). In a gastric adenocarcinoma xenograft model, the in vivo transfection efficacy of G2-AM/pRFP was much greater than that of G2/pRFP and G2-M/pRFP. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that AM could be modified with cationic polymers for potential application in gene delivery and gastric adenocarcinoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Hangzhou YITU Healthcare Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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12
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Gao C, Li Z, Zou J, Cheng J, Jiang K, Liu C, Gu G, Tao W, Song J. Mechanical Effect on Gene Transfection Based on Dielectric Elastomer Actuator. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2617-2625. [PMID: 35025395 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfection has been widely applied in genome function and gene therapy. Although many efforts have been focused on designing carrier materials and transfection methods, the influence of mechanical stimulation on gene transfection efficiency has rarely been studied. Herein, dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA)-based stimulation bioreactors are designed to generate tensile and contractile stress on cells simultaneously. With the example of the EGFP transfection, cells with high membrane tension in the stretching stimulation regions had lower transfection efficiency, while the transfection efficiency of cells in the compressing regions tended to increase. Besides, the duty cycle and loading frequency of the applied stress on cells were also important factors that affect gene transfection efficiency. Furthermore, the pathways of cell endocytosis with the effect of mechanical stimulation were explored on the mechanism for the change of EGFP transfection efficiency. This design of the DEA-based bioreactor, as a strategy to study gene transfection efficiency, could be helpful for developing efficient transfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Changrun Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Gu
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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13
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Patil S, Gao YG, Lin X, Li Y, Dang K, Tian Y, Zhang WJ, Jiang SF, Qadir A, Qian AR. The Development of Functional Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5491. [PMID: 31690044 PMCID: PMC6862238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is manipulation in/of gene expression in specific cells/tissue to treat diseases. This manipulation is carried out by introducing exogenous nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into the cell. Because of their negative charge and considerable larger size, the delivery of these molecules, in general, should be mediated by gene vectors. Non-viral vectors, as promising delivery systems, have received considerable attention due to their low cytotoxicity and non-immunogenicity. As research continued, more and more functional non-viral vectors have emerged. They not only have the ability to deliver a gene into the cells but also have other functions, such as the performance of fluorescence imaging, which aids in monitoring their progress, targeted delivery, and biodegradation. Recently, many reviews related to non-viral vectors, such as polymers and cationic lipids, have been reported. However, there are few reviews regarding functional non-viral vectors. This review summarizes the common functional non-viral vectors developed in the last ten years and their potential applications in the future. The transfection efficiency and the transport mechanism of these materials were also discussed in detail. We hope that this review can help researchers design more new high-efficiency and low-toxicity multifunctional non-viral vectors, and further accelerate the progress of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Shan-Feng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ai-Rong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Gao YG, Liu FL, Patil S, Li DJ, Qadir A, Lin X, Tian Y, Li Y, Qian AR. 1,8-Naphthalimide-Based Multifunctional Compounds as Cu 2+ Probes, Lysosome Staining Agents, and Non-viral Vectors. Front Chem 2019; 7:616. [PMID: 31552230 PMCID: PMC6747039 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of multifunctional compounds (MFCs) 1a-1d based on 1,8-naphthalimide moiety were designed and synthesized. Due to the good fluorescence property and nucleic acid binding ability of 1,8-naphthalimide, these MFCs were applied in Cu2+ ion recognition, lysosome staining as well as RNA delivery. It was found that these MFCs exhibited highly selective fluorescence turn-off for Cu2+ in aqueous solution. The fluorescence emission of 1a-1d was quenched by a factor of 116-, 20-, 12-, and 14-fold in the presence of Cu2+ ions, respectively. Most importantly, 1a-Cu and 1b-Cu could be used as imaging reagents for detection of lysosome in live human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the RNA delivery ability of 1a-1d, cellular uptake experiments were performed in HeLa, HepG2, U2Os, and MC3T3-E1 cell lines. The results showed that all the materials could deliver Cy5-labled RNA into the targeted cells. Among them, compound 1d modified with long hydrophobic chain exhibited the best RNA delivery efficiency in the four tested cell lines, and the performance was far better than lipofectamine 2000 and 25 kDa PEI, indicating the potential application in non-viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fen-Li Liu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di-Jie Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Rong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Gao YG, Lin X, Dang K, Jiang SF, Tian Y, Liu FL, Li DJ, Li Y, Miao ZP, Qian AR. Structure-activity relationship of novel low-generation dendrimers for gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7833-7842. [PMID: 30084471 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are very critical to design ideal gene vectors for gene delivery. However, It is difficult to obtain SAR information of low-generation dendrimers due to the lack of easy structural modification ways. Here, we synthesized a novel family of rigid aromatic backbone-based low-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. According to the number of primary amines, they were divided into two types: four-amine-containing PAMAM (DL1-DL5) and eight-amine-containing PAMAM (DL6-DL10). Due to the introduction of a rigid aromatic backbone, the low-generation PAMAM could be modified easier by different hydrophobic aliphatic chains. Several assays were used to study the interactions of the PAMAM dendrimers with plasmid DNA, and the results revealed that they not only had good DNA binding ability but also could efficiently condense DNA into spherical-shaped nanoparticles with suitable sizes and zeta potentials. The SAR studies indicated that the gene-transfection efficiency of the synthesized materials depended on not only the structure of their hydrophobic chains but also the number of primary amines. It was found that four-amine-containing PAMAM prepared from oleylamine (DL5) gave the best transfection efficiency, which was 3 times higher than that of lipofectamine 2000 in HEK293 cells. The cellular uptake mechanism mediated by DL5 was further investigated, and the results indicated that DL5/DNA complexes entered the cells mainly via caveolae and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, these low-generation PAMAMs modified with a single hydrophobic tail showed lower toxicity than lipofectamine 2000 in MC3T3-E1, MG63, HeLa, and HEK293 cells. These results reveal that such a type of low-generation polyamidoamines might be promising non-viral gene vectors, and also give us clues for the design of safe and high-efficiency gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, China.
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16
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Lejault P, Duskova K, Bernhard C, Valverde IE, Romieu A, Monchaud D. The Scope of Application of Macrocyclic Polyamines Beyond Metal Chelation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lejault
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Katerina Duskova
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Claire Bernhard
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Ibai E. Valverde
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Anthony Romieu
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - David Monchaud
- CNRS UMR6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC); Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB); 9, Avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
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Qadir A, Gao Y, Suryaji P, Tian Y, Lin X, Dang K, Jiang S, Li Y, Miao Z, Qian A. Non-Viral Delivery System and Targeted Bone Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030565. [PMID: 30699924 PMCID: PMC6386958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal systems provide support, movement, and protection to the human body. It can be affected by several life suffering bone disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancers. It is not an easy job to treat bone disorders because of avascular cartilage regions. Treatment with non-specific drug delivery must utilize high doses of systemic administration, which may result in toxicities in non-skeletal tissues and low therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, in order to overcome such limitations, developments in targeted delivery systems are urgently needed. Although the idea of a general targeted delivery system using bone targeting moieties like bisphosphonates, tetracycline, and calcium phosphates emerged a few decades ago, identification of carrier systems like viral and non-viral vectors is a recent approach. Viral vectors have high transfection efficiency but are limited by inducing immunogenicity and oncogenicity. Although non-viral vectors possess low transfection efficiency they are comparatively safe. A number of non-viral vectors including cationic lipids, cationic polymers, and cationic peptides have been developed and used for targeted delivery of DNA, RNA, and drugs to bone tissues or cells with successful consequences. Here we mainly discuss such various non-viral delivery systems with respect to their mechanisms and applications in the specific targeting of bone tissues or cells. Moreover, we discuss possible therapeutic agents that can be delivered against various bone related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongguang Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Patil Suryaji
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
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