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Hoffmann P, Azéma-Despeyroux J, Goncalves F, Stamilla A, Saffon-Merceron N, Rodriguez F, Degiacomi G, Pasca MR, Lherbet C. Imidazoquinoline Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of InhA Enzyme and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2024; 29:3076. [PMID: 38999028 PMCID: PMC11243711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem worldwide. The search for new antibiotics has become a priority, especially with the emergence of resistant strains. A new family of imidazoquinoline derivatives, structurally analogous to triazolophthalazines, which had previously shown good antituberculosis activity, were designed to inhibit InhA, an essential enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. Over twenty molecules were synthesized and the results showed modest inhibitory efficacy against the protein. Docking experiments were carried out to show how these molecules could interact with the protein's substrate binding site. Disappointingly, unlike triazolophthlazines, these imidazoquinoline derivatives showed an absence of inhibition on mycobacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hoffmann
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Azéma-Despeyroux
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernanda Goncalves
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Alessandro Stamilla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian Lherbet
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), UMR5068, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
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2
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Khaleel EF, Sabt A, Korycka-Machala M, Badi RM, Son NT, Ha NX, Hamissa MF, Elsawi AE, Elkaeed EB, Dziadek B, Eldehna WM, Dziadek J. Identification of new anti-mycobacterial agents based on quinoline-isatin hybrids targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107138. [PMID: 38262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that poses a significant economic burden as a result of the ongoing emergence of drug-resistant strains. The urgent requirement for the development of novel antitubercular drugs can be addressed by targeting specific enzymes. One such enzyme, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase (InhA), plays a crucial role in the survival of the MTB bacterium. In this research study, a series of hybrid compounds combining quinolone and isatin were synthesized and assessed for their effectiveness against MTB, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the InhA enzyme in this bacterium. Among the compounds tested, 7a and 5g exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against MTB, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 55 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects on InhA and demonstrated significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid (INH), with IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions between compounds 7a and 5g and the target enzyme, revealing hydrophobic contacts with important amino acid residues in the active site. To further confirm the stability of the complexes formed by 5g and 7a with the target enzyme, molecular dynamic simulations were employed, which demonstrated that both compounds 7a and 5g undergo minor structural changes and remain nearly stable throughout the simulated process, as assessed through RMSD, RMSF, and Rg values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Korycka-Machala
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed E Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Mathada BS, Basha NJ, Javeed M, Karunakar P, Venkatesulu A, Erappa K, Varsha A. Novel pyrimidines as COX-2 selective inhibitors: synthesis, DFT analysis, molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1751-1764. [PMID: 37102863 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2202248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidine and its derivatives are associated with varieties of biological properties. Therefore, we herein reported the synthesis of four novel pyrimidines (2, 3, and 4a, b) derivatives. The structure of these molecules is confirmed by spectroscopic methods such as IR, NMR, and Mass analysis. The electronic behavior of synthesized compounds 4a, b and in silico drug design 4 c, d was explained by Density Functional Theory estimations at the DFT/B3LYP level via 6-31 G++ (d, p) replicates the structure and geometry. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity compared to standards Celecoxib and Ibuprofen. Compounds 3 and 4a afforded excellent COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities at IC50 = 5.50 and 5.05 μM against COX-1, 0.85 and 0.65 μM against COX-2, respectively. The standard drugs Celecoxib and Ibuprofen showed inhibitory activity at IC50 = 6.34 and 3.1 μM against COX-1, 0.56 and 1.2 μM against COX-2, respectively. Further, these compounds showed high potential docking with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron protease & COX-2 and predicted drug-likeness for the pyrimidine analogs by using Molinspiration. The protein stability, fluctuations of APO-protein, protein-ligand complexes were investigated through Molecular Dynamics simulations studies using Desmond Maestro 11.3 and potential lead molecules were identified.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammad Javeed
- P. G. Department and Research Studies in Chemistry, Nrupatunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashantha Karunakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Adavala Venkatesulu
- Department of Post Graduate Studies & Research Centre in Physics, Govt. First Grade College, Hoskote, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnakanth Erappa
- Department of Post Graduate Studies & Research Centre in Physics, Govt. First Grade College, Hoskote, Karnataka, India
| | - A Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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4
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Rudrapal M, Kirboga KK, Abdalla M, Maji S. Explainable artificial intelligence-assisted virtual screening and bioinformatics approaches for effective bioactivity prediction of phenolic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors using PubChem molecular fingerprints. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10782-9. [PMID: 38200203 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that treat inflammation, pain and fever. This study determined the interaction mechanisms of COX-2 inhibitors and the molecular properties needed to design new drug candidates. Using machine learning and explainable AI methods, the inhibition activity of 1488 molecules was modelled, and essential properties were identified. These properties included aromatic rings, nitrogen-containing functional groups and aliphatic hydrocarbons. They affected the water solubility, hydrophobicity and binding affinity of COX-2 inhibitors. The binding mode, stability and ADME properties of 16 ligands bound to the Cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2 were investigated by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA analysis. The results showed that ligand 339,222 was the most stable and effective COX-2 inhibitor. It inhibited prostaglandin synthesis by disrupting the protein conformation of COX-2. It had good ADME properties and high clinical potential. This study demonstrated the potential of machine learning and bioinformatics methods in discovering COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to Be University), Guntur, 522213, India.
| | - Kevser Kübra Kirboga
- Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Bioengineering Department, BilecikSeyhEdebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siddhartha Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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5
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Haroon F, Farwa U, Arif M, Raza MA, Sandhu ZA, El Oirdi M, Farhan M, Alhasawi MAI. Novel Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Analogs and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2686. [PMID: 37893060 PMCID: PMC10604881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A "building block" is a key component that plays a substantial and critical function in the pharmaceutical research and development industry. Given its structural versatility and ability to undergo substitutions at both the amino and carboxyl groups, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a commonly used building block in pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it is great for the development of a wide range of novel molecules with potential medical applications. Anticancer, anti-Alzheimer's, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties have been observed in PABA compounds, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents in future clinical trials. PABA-based therapeutic chemicals as molecular targets and their usage in biological processes are the primary focus of this review study. PABA's unique features make it a strong candidate for inclusion in a massive chemical database of molecules having drug-like effects. Based on the current literature, further investigation is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PABA derivatives in clinical investigations and better understand the specific mechanism of action revealed by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Haroon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Farwa
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Maimoona Arif
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asam Raza
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Zeshan Ali Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed El Oirdi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Rampogu S, Shaik MR, Khan M, Khan M, Oh TH, Shaik B. CBPDdb: a curated database of compounds derived from Coumarin-Benzothiazole-Pyrazole. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad062. [PMID: 37702993 PMCID: PMC10498939 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The present article describes the building of a small-molecule web server, CBPDdb, employing R-shiny. For the generation of the web server, three compounds were chosen, namely coumarin, benzothiazole and pyrazole, and their derivatives were curated from the literature. The two-dimensional (2D) structures were drawn using ChemDraw, and the .sdf file was created employing Discovery Studio Visualizer v2017. These compounds were read on the R-shiny app using ChemmineR, and the dataframe consisting of a total of 1146 compounds was generated and manipulated employing the dplyr package. The web server is provided with JSME 2D sketcher. The descriptors of the compounds are obtained using propOB with a filter. The users can download the filtered data in the .csv and .sdf formats, and the entire dataset of a compound can be downloaded in .sdf format. This web server facilitates the researchers to screen plausible inhibitors for different diseases. Additionally, the method used in building the web server can be adapted for developing other small-molecule databases (web servers) in RStudio. Database URL: https://srampogu.shinyapps.io/CBPDdb_Revised/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Baji Shaik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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7
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Khalifa A, Khalil A, Abdel-Aziz MM, Albohy A, Mohamady S. Isatin-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106591. [PMID: 37201321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a worldwide problem that impose a burden on the economy due to continuous development of resistant strains. The development of new antitubercular drugs is a need and can be achieved through inhibition of druggable targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) is an important enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. In this study, we report the synthesis of isatin derivatives that could treat TB through inhibition of this enzyme. Compound 4l showed IC50 value (0.6 ± 0.94 µM) similar to isoniazid but is also effective against MDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MIC of 0.48 and 3.9 µg/mL, respectively). Molecular docking studies suggest that this compound binds through the use of relatively unexplored hydrophobic pocket in the active site. Molecular dynamics was used to investigate and support the stability of 4l complex with the target enzyme. This study paves the way for the design and synthesis of novel antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalrahman Khalifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Amira Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt.
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8
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Teneva Y, Simeonova R, Valcheva V, Angelova VT. Recent Advances in Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Discovery Based on Hydrazide-Hydrazone and Thiadiazole Derivatives Targeting InhA. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040484. [PMID: 37111241 PMCID: PMC10140854 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an extremely serious problem of global public health. Its incidence is worsened by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More serious forms of drug resistance have been observed in recent years. Therefore, the discovery and/or synthesis of new potent and less toxic anti-tubercular compounds is very critical, especially having in mind the consequences and the delays in treatment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acid, a major component of the M. tuberculosis cell wall. At the same time, it is a key enzyme in the development of drug resistance, making it an important target for the discovery of new antimycobacterial agents. Many different chemical scaffolds, including hydrazide hydrazones and thiadiazoles, have been evaluated for their InhA inhibitory activity. The aim of this review is to evaluate recently described hydrazide-hydrazone- and thiadiazole-containing derivatives that inhibit InhA activity, resulting in antimycobacterial effects. In addition, a brief review of the mechanisms of action of currently available anti-tuberculosis drugs is provided, including recently approved agents and molecules in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Teneva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Valcheva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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9
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Basha NJ. Small Molecules as Anti‐inflammatory Agents: Molecular Mechanisms and Heterocycles as Inhibitors of Signaling Pathways. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous Bengaluru Karnataka-560043 India
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10
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Jeelan Basha N, Basavarajaiah SM, Shyamsunder K. Therapeutic potential of pyrrole and pyrrolidine analogs: an update. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2915-2937. [PMID: 35079946 PMCID: PMC8788913 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound pyrrole and pyrrolidine has been a versatile field of study for a long time for its diverse biological and medicinal importance. Biomolecules such as chlorophyll, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome are naturally occurring metal complexes of pyrrole. These metal complexes play a vital role in a living system like photosynthesis, oxygen carrier, as well storage, and redox cycling reactions. Apart from this, many medicinal drugs are derived from either pyrrole, pyrrolidine, or by its fused analogs. This review mainly focuses on the therapeutic potential of pyrrole, pyrrolidine, and its fused analogs, more specifically anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antituberculosis. Further, this review summarizes more recent reports on the pyrrole, pyrrolidine analogs, and their biological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
| | - S M Basavarajaiah
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560004, India
| | - K Shyamsunder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India
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Prem Kumar S, Shaikh IA, Mahnashi MH, Alshahrani MA, Dixit SR, Kulkarni VH, Lherbet C, Gadad AK, Aminabhavi TM, Joshi SD. Design, synthesis and computational approach to study novel pyrrole scaffolds as active inhibitors of enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antagonists. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Moghadam ES, Mireskandari K, Abdel-Jalil R, Amini M. An approach to pharmacological targets of pyrrole family from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2486-2561. [PMID: 35339175 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220325150531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most widely used heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to the importance of pyrrole structure in drug design and development, herein, we tried to conduct an extensive review of the bioactive pyrrole based compounds reported recently. The bioactivity of pyrrole derivatives varies, so in the review, we categorized them based on their direct pharmacologic targets. Therefore, readers are able to find the variety of biologic targets for pyrrole containing compounds easily. This review explains around seventy different biologic targets for pyrrole based derivatives, so, it is helpful for medicinal chemists in design and development novel bioactive compounds for different diseases. This review presents an extensive meaningful structure activity relationship for each reported structure as much as possible. The review focuses on papers published between 2018 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Katayoon Mireskandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Basha NJ, Basavarajaiah SM, Baskaran S, Kumar P. A comprehensive insight on the biological potential of embelin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3054-3068. [PMID: 34304655 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1955361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring bioactive molecules are known for their diverse biological applications such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Also, some of the natural products act as medicinal drugs. Further, bioactive cell-permeable molecule embelin has been reported for its diverse biological activities such as antimalarial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory in the literature. With the continuation of our research work on biologically active molecules, based on structural activity relationship and docking studies of embelin and its derivatives, we have reported target-specific anticancer and antimalarial activities of embelin and its analogs. Also, it has been reported in many recent research articles that embelin and its derivatives are known to possess medicinal properties. This review mainly highlights recent reports on broad-spectrum biological activities of the embelin and its analogs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Swathi Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
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Bobak CA, Kang L, Workman L, Bateman L, Khan MS, Prins M, May L, Franchina FA, Baard C, Nicol MP, Zar HJ, Hill JE. Breath can discriminate tuberculosis from other lower respiratory illness in children. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2704. [PMID: 33526828 PMCID: PMC7851130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis. Despite progress, pediatric patients remain difficult to diagnose, with approximately half of all childhood TB patients lacking bacterial confirmation. In this pilot study (n = 31), we identify a 4-compound breathprint and subsequent machine learning model that accurately classifies children with confirmed TB (n = 10) from children with another lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (n = 10) with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% observed across cross validation folds. Importantly, we demonstrate that the breathprint identified an additional nine of eleven patients who had unconfirmed clinical TB and whose symptoms improved while treated for TB. While more work is necessary to validate the utility of using patient breath to diagnose pediatric TB, it shows promise as a triage instrument or paired as part of an aggregate diagnostic scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Bobak
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA ,grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Lili Kang
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Lesley Workman
- grid.415742.10000 0001 2296 3850Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindy Bateman
- grid.415742.10000 0001 2296 3850Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohammad S. Khan
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Margaretha Prins
- grid.415742.10000 0001 2296 3850Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lloyd May
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Flavio A. Franchina
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA ,grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Molecular Systems, Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Baard
- grid.415742.10000 0001 2296 3850Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark P. Nicol
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Division of Medical Microbiology and Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ,grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Heather J. Zar
- grid.415742.10000 0001 2296 3850Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jane E. Hill
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
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Kuldeep J, Sharma SK, Sharma T, Singh BN, Siddiqi MI. Targeting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Using Computational Tools for Identification of Potential Inhibitor and their Biological Activity. Mol Inform 2020; 40:e2000211. [PMID: 33283460 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) of type II fatty acid synthase system is involved in the synthesis of mycolic acids which is a major component of the bacterial cell wall. Since they are the key enzymes playing a very significant role in the FASII pathway of the bacterium. In this study, we have developed a workflow for identification of InhA inhibitors by utilizing in silico virtual screening approaches based on various machine learning algorithms followed by pharmacophore based virtual screening. The hits screened from the models were further subjected to molecular docking. Further, based on the XP docking score best twenty compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics study. Finally, nine compounds were shortlisted on the basis of best stable ligand RMSD, c-alpha RMSD, and RMSF plot for biological evaluation studies. Experimental validation of the shortlisted compounds identified one compound JFD01724 having potent inhibitory activity and was able to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further medicinal chemistry efforts may help to improve the inhibitory potency of the identified compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kuldeep
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Sandeep K Sharma
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Tanuj Sharma
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Bhupendra N Singh
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 226031
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17
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Tian Y, Zhao Y, Wu F, Luo X, Ju X, Liu G. In silico study of 3-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones as inhibitors of HIV RT-associated RNase H using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, 3D-QSAR, and pharmacophore models. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rational design and virtual screening of novel inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase associated ribonuclease H based on a combined molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Yafeng Tian
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Yilan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
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