1
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Barranco S, Pagnanini A, Cuccu F, Caboni P, Guillot R, Aitken DJ, Frongia A. Substrate-dependent regiodivergence in [3 + 2] annulation reactions of 2-(phenacylethylidene)cyclobutanones with thioureas. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:8048-8053. [PMID: 39263821 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The [3 + 2] annulation reaction between a thiourea, an ambident dinucleophile, and a 2-(phenacylethylidene)cyclobutanone, containing a novel pull-pull alkene system, could in principle proceed with several chemo- and regioselectivity profiles. Here we describe a convenient synthesis of the functionalized cyclobutanone substrates and show that they react with thioureas in a manner that is rationalized mechanistically in terms of the steric and electronic effects at play. The [3 + 2] annulation proceeds in mild, additive-free conditions to provide access to previously unknown cyclobutane-fused imidazolidine-2-thione and thiazolidine-2-imine derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barranco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessio Pagnanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Federico Cuccu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato-Blocco A, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - David J Aitken
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Angelo Frongia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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2
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Zorba L, Stylianakis I, Tsoureas N, Kolocouris A, Vougioukalakis GC. Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Thiazolidin-2-imines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7727-7740. [PMID: 38725347 PMCID: PMC11190980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of thiazolines, thiazolidines, and thiazolidinones has been extensively studied, due to their biological activity related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as their antiparasitic and antihypertensive properties. The closely related thiazolidin-2-imines have been studied less, and efficient strategies for synthesizing them, mainly based on the reaction of propargylamines with isothiocyanates, have been explored less. The use of one-pot approaches, providing modular, straightforward, and sustainable access to these compounds, has also received very little attention. Herein, we report a novel, one-pot, multicomponent, copper-catalyzed reaction among primary amines, ketones, terminal alkynes, and isothiocyanates, toward thiazolidin-2-imines bearing quaternary carbon centers on the five-membered ring, in good to excellent yields. Density functional theory calculations, combined with experimental mechanistic findings, suggest that the copper(I)-catalyzed reaction between the in situ-formed propargylamines and isothiocyanates proceeds with a lower energy barrier in the pathway leading to the S-cyclized product, compared to that of the N-cyclized one, toward the chemo- and regioselective formation of 5-exo-dig S-cyclized thiazolidin-2-imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandros
P. Zorba
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stylianakis
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University
of Athens, Panepistimioupolis
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University
of Athens, Panepistimioupolis
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios C. Vougioukalakis
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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3
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Zaib S, Younas MT, Khan I, Ali HS, McAdam CJ, White JM, Jaber F, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids as potent druggable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biochemical and in silico analyses. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106868. [PMID: 37738768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The identification of effective and druggable cholinesterase inhibitors to treat progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disorder remains a continuous drug discovery hunt. In this perspective, the present study investigates the design and discovery of pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids (5a-l) as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was employed to introduce the structural diversity on the pyrimidine heterocyclic core. A range of commercially available boronic acids was successfully coupled showing a high functional group tolerance. In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential using Ellman's method revealed significantly strong potency. Compound 5h bearing a meta-tolyl substituent at 2-position of pyrimidine ring emerged as a lead candidate against AChE with an inhibitory potency of 0.43 ± 0.42 µM, ∼38-fold stronger value than neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 5h also showed the lead inhibition against BuChE with an IC50 value of 2.5 ± 0.04 µM. The kinetics analysis of 5h revealed the non-competitive mode of inhibition against AChE whereas computational modelling results of potent leads depicted diverse contacts with the binding site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of biomolecular system, while, ADME analysis demonstrated druglikeness behaviour of potent compounds. Overall, the investigated pyrimidine-morpholine scaffold presented a remarkable potential to be developed as efficacious anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Salvador-Gil D, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. Catalysis-free synthesis of thiazolidine-thiourea ligands for metal coordination (Au and Ag) and preliminary cytotoxic studies. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 36880202 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of propargylamines with isothiocyanates results in the selective formation of iminothiazolidines, aminothiazolines or mixed thiazolidine-thiourea compounds under mild conditions. It has been observed that secondary propargylamines lead to the selective formation of cyclic 2-amino-2-thiazoline derivatives, while primary propargylamines form iminothiazoline species. In addition, these cyclic thiazoline derivatives can further react with an excess of isothiocyanate to give rise to thiazolidine-thiourea compounds. These species can also be achieved by reaction of propargylamines with isothiocynates in a molar ratio of 1 : 2. Coordination studies of these heterocyclic species towards silver and gold with different stoichiometries have been carried out and complexes of the type [ML(PPh3)]OTf, [ML2]OTf (M = Ag, Au) or [Au(C6F5)L] have been synthesised. Preliminary studies of the cytotoxic activity in lung cancer cells have also been performed in both ligands and complexes, showing that although the ligands do not exhibit anticancer activity, their coordination to metals, especially silver, greatly enhances the cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salvador-Gil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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5
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Shehzadi SA, Saeed A, Perveen F, Channar PA, Arshad I, Abbas Q, Kalsoom S, Yousaf S, Simpson J. Identification of two novel thiazolidin-2-imines as tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking and DFT studies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10098. [PMID: 36046526 PMCID: PMC9421195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various N- and S-containing 5-membered heterocycles such as imidazole-2-thiones, thiazolidinones and thiazolidin-2-imines are among the most eminent biologically active organic heterocycles and are present in many marketed drugs. In view of their synthetic and biological significance, an efficient synthesis of two novel thiazolidine-2-imines (4a-b) utilizing a three-component one-pot approach starting from an aldimine, an alkyne and isothiocyanates has been developed. The reaction proceeded via a 5-exo digonal (5-exo dig) cyclization of a propargyl thiourea, formed in situ in the presence of Zn(II)-catalyst. The structures of the resulting products are elucidated by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. A DFT study explored the structural, thermodynamic and molecular electrostatic potential parameters for the compounds. The newly synthesized compounds (4a & 4b) were evaluated for the inhibition of tyrosinase both in vitro and in silico. The in vitro results revealed that the synthesized thiazolidine-2-imines (4a-b) showed good inhibition activity towards mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 = 1.151 ± 1.25 and 2.079 ± 0.87 μM respectively) in comparison to the kojic acid standard (IC50 = 16.031 ± 1.27 μM) a commonly used anti-pigment agent in plant and animal tissues. The experimental inhibition was further assessed by molecular docking studies between synthesized ligands and the human tyrosinase protein complex to investigate the intermolecular interactions responsible for tyrosinase inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Aaliya Shehzadi
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- Research Center for Modelling and Simulations (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ifzan Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousaf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jim Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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6
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Guo XW, Quan LX, Zhu XH, Chen FY, Zhou AX, Mao LL, Wan JP, Yang SD. Transition-metal-free three-component coupling approach to QUINAP derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3283-3286. [PMID: 35373792 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aluminum(III) triflate catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of alkynes, amines and phosphorylated aryl aldehydes to access phosphoryl quinoline derivatives has been developed. The reaction proceeds in a simple system without the use of transition metals, ligands or additives, thus making it attractive for the fast preparation of a variety of new potential N-P bidentate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Quan
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China.
| | - Xian-Hong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China.
| | - Fa-Yun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China.
| | - An-Xi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China.
| | - Liu-Liang Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China.
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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7
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Abstract
2-Aminopyridine is a simple, low molecular weight and perfectly functionalised moiety known for the synthesis of diverse biological molecules. Many pharmaceutical companies across the globe aim to synthesise low-molecular weight molecules for use as pharmacophores against various biological targets. 2-Aminopyridine can serve as a perfect locomotive in the synthesis and pulling of such molecules towards respective pharmacological goals. The major advantage of this moiety is its simple design, which can be used to produce single products with minimum side reactions. Moreover, the exact weight of synthesised compounds is low, which enables facile identification of toxicity-causing metabolites in drug discovery programmes. This manuscript is a quick review of such pharmacophores derived from 2-aminopyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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8
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Reddy Indukuri D, Reddy Potuganti G, Maria Cherian A, Babu Nanubolu J, Soujanya Y, Alla M. Multicomponent Domino Approaches for the Synthesis of Spirooxazolidine‐2‐thiones and Spirooxothiolane‐2‐imines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Reddy Indukuri
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Gal Reddy Potuganti
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Arsha Maria Cherian
- Division of Polymers and Functional Materials CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Center for X-ray Crystallography CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Yarasi Soujanya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Division of Polymers and Functional Materials CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Manjula Alla
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
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9
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Novel hypervalent iodine catalyzed synthesis of α-sulfonoxy ketones: Biological activity and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Bahadur A, Iqbal S, Shoaib M, Zulqarnain M, Shah M, Abd‐Rabboh HSM, Perwez U, Qayyum MA, Zaman A. Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism, and Docking Study of Antioxidant Aryl‐Bisthiourea Derivatives for Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences (SNS) National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad 46000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemistry Government Postgraduate College Samanabad Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Hisham S. M. Abd‐Rabboh
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Usama Perwez
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Zaman
- Department of Chemistry Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu & Kashmir Pakistan
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11
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Xiang L, Wu H, Liang Y, Deng H, He Y, Xu Q, Zhang J. Ag(I)-Catalyzed rapid access to 2-amino-4-methylenethiazolines with potential applications in bioconjugation chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4060-4066. [PMID: 33978054 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An Ag(i)-catalyzed tandem addition-cyclization of isothiocyanate and propargylamine was successfully applied to the synthesis of 2-amino-4-methylenethiazolines. This route features an unprecedented fast reaction rate with full conversion reached within 10 min at room temperature for aromatic isothiocyanates and excellent chemoselectivity for exocyclic products. The application of this strategy is further highlighted by the accelerated bioconjugation of propargylamine with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) under Ag(i)-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xiang
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Haiting Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Yunshi Liang
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Huiying Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Yiting He
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qin Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center and The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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12
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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13
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Molaei Yielzoleh F, Nikoofar K. Magnetized inorganic–bioorganic nanohybrid [nano Fe
3
O
4
‐SiO
2
@Glu‐Cu (II)]: A novel nanostructure for the efficient solvent‐free synthesis of thiazolidin‐2‐imines. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran Iran
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14
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Volkova Y, Baranin S, Zavarzin I. A
3
Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Volkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991
| | - Sergey Baranin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991
| | - Igor Zavarzin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991
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15
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Saikia AA, Rao RN, Maiti B, Balamurali MM, Chanda K. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Thiazolidine-2-imines via Microwave-Assisted One-Pot, Telescopic Approach and Its Interaction with Biomacromolecules. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:630-640. [PMID: 32820896 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a one-pot, telescopic approach is described for the combinatorial library of thiazolidine-2-imines. The synthetic manipulation proceeds smoothly via the reaction of 2-aminopyridine/pyrazine/pyrimidine with substituted isothiocyanates followed by base catalyzed ring closure with 1,2-dibromoethane to obtain thiazolidine-2-imines with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. The synthetic strategy merges well with the thiourea formation followed by base catalyzed ring closure reaction for the thiazolidine-2-imine synthesis in a more modular and straightforward approach. The synthetic procedure reported herein represents a cleaner route toward thiazolidine-2-imines as compared to traditional methodologies. Moreover, the biological significance of combinatorially synthesized thiazolidin-2-imines has been investigated for their use as possible inhibitors for acetyl cholinesterase through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Anubhav Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Ramdas Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
| | | | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
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Sahiba N, Sethiya A, Soni J, Agarwal DK, Agarwal S. Saturated Five-Membered Thiazolidines and Their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Biological Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:34. [PMID: 32206929 PMCID: PMC7101601 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, interdisciplinary research has been of great interest for scholars. Thiazolidine motifs behave as a bridge between organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry and compel researchers to explore new drug candidates. Thiazolidine motifs are very intriguing heterocyclic five-membered moieties present in diverse natural and bioactive compounds having sulfur at the first position and nitrogen at the third position. The presence of sulfur enhances their pharmacological properties, and, therefore, they are used as vehicles in the synthesis of valuable organic combinations. They show varied biological properties viz. anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant activity and so on. This diversity in the biological response makes it a highly prized moiety. Based on literature studies, various synthetic approaches like multicomponent reaction, click reaction, nano-catalysis and green chemistry have been employed to improve their selectivity, purity, product yield and pharmacokinetic activity. In this review article, we have summarized systematic approaches for the synthesis of thiazolidine and its derivatives, along with their pharmacological activity, including advantages of green synthesis, atom economy, cleaner reaction profile and catalyst recovery which will help scientists to probe and stimulate the study of these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Dinesh K. Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacy, B. N. University, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
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17
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Hydrazine clubbed 1,3-thiazoles as potent urease inhibitors: design, synthesis and molecular docking studies. Mol Divers 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 32095975 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a novel series of hydrazine clubbed 1,3-thiazoles (5a-m) has been described by reacting hydrazine-1-carbothioamides (3a-k) with α-chloro- or bromo-acetophenones (4a-d) in refluxing ethanol in good to excellent yields (65-86%). Structural confirmation was based upon spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectrometry. The biological application of these motifs has been demonstrated in terms of their strong urease inhibition activity. The results of in vitro study revealed that all the compounds are the potent inhibitors of urease. The IC50 (ranging in between 110 and 440 nM) values were higher as compared to that of standard, i.e., thiourea (IC50 = 490 ± 10 nM). The synthesized compounds were docked at the active sites of the Jack bean urease enzyme in order to explore the possible binding interactions of enzyme-ligand complexes; the results reinforced the in vitro biological activity results.
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18
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Khan I, Zaib S, Ibrar A. New frontiers in the transition-metal-free synthesis of heterocycles from alkynoates: an overview and current status. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the successful utilization of transition-metal-free approaches for the modular assembly of various heterocycles from alkynoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- University of Central Punjab
- Lahore-54590
- Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- The University of Haripur
- Haripur, KPK-22620
- Pakistan
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