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Asghar S, Hameed S, Al-Masoudi NA, Saeed B, Shtaiwi A. Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of New 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents Selectively Targeting Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (Capan-1). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400112. [PMID: 38606640 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
On the basis of remarkable anticancer profile of s-triazine nucleus, a new series of 2-methoxy-4-(3-morpholino-5-(arylamino)phenoxy)benzaldehyde derivatives 11 a-u was prepared and evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity against eight diverse human cancer cell lines (Capan-1, HCT-116, LN229, NCI-H460, DND-41, HL-60, K562 and Z138). Compounds 11 o, 11 r and 11 s were the most potent anticancer agents on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Capan-1) cell line with IC50 value of 1.4, 5.1 and 5.3 μM, respectively, while compounds 11 f, 11 g, 11 k, 11 l and 11 n displayed selective activity against the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Capan-1) cell line with IC50 values of 7.3-11.5 μM. These results indicate that derivative 11 o may serve as a promising lead compound for the ongoing development of novel antiproliferative agents. The docking studies were conducted to predict the interactions of derivative 11 o with putative protein targets in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Capan-1) cell line, specifically the prenyl-binding protein PDEδ. Furthermore, the analysis of the molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrated that complex 11 o promoted a higher stability to the prenyl-binding protein PDEδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Najim A Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
- A Tannenhof 8, 78464, Constanz, Germany
| | - Bahjat Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Amneh Shtaiwi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Queen Alia Airport Street, 11610, Amman, Jordan
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2
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Rejinthala S, Endoori S, Thumma V, Mondal T. Design, Synthesis and In-Silico Studies of Piperidine-Dihydropyridine Hybrids as Anticancer Agents. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301456. [PMID: 38366873 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized and characterized a novel series of piperidine-dihydropyridine hybrid compounds and characterized them by 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis. Subsequently, we assessed their in vitro anticancer potentials against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the lung cancer cell line A-549. Several of these compounds demonstrated significant activity, with IC50 values ranging from 15.94 μM to 48.04 μM for A-549 and 24.68 μM to 59.12 μM for MCF-7, when compared to the reference drug Cisplatin.Notably, a compound featuring a 3-fluoro substitution in the carboxamide series exhibited robust inhibitory effects, with an IC50 of 15.94±0.201 μM against A-549 cells and an IC50 of 22.12±0.213 μM against MCF-7 cells, respectively. Additionally, a compound containing a cyclobutyl ring displayed potent activity, with an IC50 of 16.56±0.125 μM against A-549 and an IC50 of 24.68±0.217 μM against MCF-7 cells, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking studies against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (PDB ID: 2J6M) revealed favourable binding scores and interactions, suggesting their potential as promising candidates for further investigation in the context of anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Rejinthala
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Aziznagar, Hyderabad, 500075, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Endoori
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302
| | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 500059
| | - T Mondal
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Aziznagar, Hyderabad, 500075, Telangana, India
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3
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Jones RA, Renshaw MJ, Barry DJ. Automated staging of zebrafish embryos with deep learning. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302351. [PMID: 37884343 PMCID: PMC10602791 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important biomedical model organism used in many disciplines. The phenomenon of developmental delay in zebrafish embryos has been widely reported as part of a mutant or treatment-induced phenotype. However, the detection and quantification of these delays is often achieved through manual observation, which is both time-consuming and subjective. We present KimmelNet, a deep learning model trained to predict embryo age (hours post fertilisation) from 2D brightfield images. KimmelNet's predictions agree closely with established staging methods and can detect developmental delays between populations with high confidence using as few as 100 images. Moreover, KimmelNet generalises to previously unseen data, with transfer learning enhancing its performance. With the ability to analyse tens of thousands of standard brightfield microscopy images on a timescale of minutes, we envisage that KimmelNet will be a valuable resource for the developmental biology community. Furthermore, the approach we have used could easily be adapted to generate models for other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- https://ror.org/04tnbqb63 Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Renshaw
- https://ror.org/04tnbqb63 Crick Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David J Barry
- https://ror.org/04tnbqb63 Crick Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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4
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Zhang Y, Wu C, Zhang N, Fan R, Ye Y, Xu J. Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12724. [PMID: 37628906 PMCID: PMC10454718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole derivatives, as a class of heterocyclic compounds, possess unique chemical structures that confer them with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. They have been extensively explored for designing potent and selective anticancer agents. In recent years, numerous pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that appropriate substitution on different positions of the pyrazole ring can significantly enhance anticancer efficacy and tumor selectivity. It is noteworthy that many pyrazole derivatives have demonstrated multiple mechanisms of anticancer action by interacting with various targets including tubulin, EGFR, CDK, BTK, and DNA. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding on the structural features of pyrazole derivatives and their structure-activity relationships with different targets, aiming to facilitate the development of potential pyrazole-based anticancer drugs. We focus on the latest research advances in anticancer activities of pyrazole compounds reported from 2018 to present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chenyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (R.F.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Dash SN, Patnaik L. Flight for fish in drug discovery: a review of zebrafish-based screening of molecules. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220541. [PMID: 37528729 PMCID: PMC10394424 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human disease and biological practices are modelled in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at various phases of drug development as well as toxicity evaluation. The zebrafish is ideal for in vivo pathological research and high-resolution investigation of disease progress. Zebrafish has an advantage over other mammalian models, it is cost-effective, it has external development and embryo transparency, easy to apply genetic manipulations, and open to both forward and reverse genetic techniques. Drug screening in zebrafish is suitable for target identification, illness modelling, high-throughput screening of compounds for inhibition or prevention of disease phenotypes and developing new drugs. Several drugs that have recently entered the clinic or clinical trials have their origins in zebrafish. The sophisticated screening methods used in zebrafish models are expected to play a significant role in advancing drug development programmes. This review highlights the current developments in drug discovery processes, including understanding the action of drugs in the context of disease and screening novel candidates in neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, glomerulopathies and cancer. Additionally, it summarizes the current techniques and approaches for the selection of small molecules and current technical limitations on the execution of zebrafish drug screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjya Narayan Dash
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 2. Viikinkaari, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5D, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lipika Patnaik
- Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Zoology, COE in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack 751003, Odisha, India
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6
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Zhang S, Ye Y, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Wang ZC, Wu YZ, Zhang XP, Yi C. Current development of pyrazole-azole hybrids with anticancer potential. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1527-1548. [PMID: 37610862 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a critical treatment modality for cancer patients, but multidrug resistance remains one of the major challenges in cancer therapy, creating an urgent need for the development of novel potent chemical entities. Azoles, particularly pyrazole, could interact with different biological targets and exhibit diverse biological properties including anticancer activity. Many clinically used anticancer agents own an azole moiety, demonstrating that azoles are privileged and pivotal templates in the discovery of novel anticancer chemotherapeutics. The present article is an attempt to highlight the recent advances in pyrazole-azole hybrids with anticancer potential and discuss the structure-activity relationships, covering articles published from 2018 to present, to facilitate the rational design of more effective anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Yun Ye
- Technical Review Center for Administrative Licensing, Hubei Provincial Administration for Market Regulation, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Zi-Chen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Yi-Zhe Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Pu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Chuan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment & Environmental Health Risk Prevention & Control, Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
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7
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Jones RA, Renshaw MJ, Barry DJ, Smith JC. Automated staging of zebrafish embryos using machine learning. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:275. [PMID: 37614774 PMCID: PMC10442596 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18313.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio), is an important biomedical model organism used in many disciplines, including development, disease modeling and toxicology, to better understand vertebrate biology. The phenomenon of developmental delay in zebrafish embryos has been widely reported as part of a mutant or treatment-induced phenotype, and accurate characterization of such delays is imperative. Despite this, the only way at present to identify and quantify these delays is through manual observation, which is both time-consuming and subjective. Machine learning approaches in biology are rapidly becoming part of the toolkit used by researchers to address complex questions. In this work, we introduce a machine learning-based classifier that has been trained to detect temporal developmental differences across groups of zebrafish embryos. Our classifier is capable of rapidly analyzing thousands of images, allowing comparisons of developmental temporal rates to be assessed across and between experimental groups of embryos. Finally, as our classifier uses images obtained from a standard live-imaging widefield microscope and camera set-up, we envisage it will be readily accessible to the zebrafish community, and prove to be a valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Jones
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Matthew J. Renshaw
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David J. Barry
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James C. Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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8
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Jones RA, Renshaw MJ, Barry DJ, Smith JC. Automated staging of zebrafish embryos using machine learning. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:275. [PMID: 37614774 PMCID: PMC10442596 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18313.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio), is an important biomedical model organism used in many disciplines, including development, disease modeling and toxicology, to better understand vertebrate biology. The phenomenon of developmental delay in zebrafish embryos has been widely reported as part of a mutant or treatment-induced phenotype, and accurate characterization of such delays is imperative. Despite this, the only way at present to identify and quantify these delays is through manual observation, which is both time-consuming and subjective. Machine learning approaches in biology are rapidly becoming part of the toolkit used by researchers to address complex questions. In this work, we introduce a machine learning-based classifier that has been trained to detect temporal developmental differences across groups of zebrafish embryos. Our classifier is capable of rapidly analyzing thousands of images, allowing comparisons of developmental temporal rates to be assessed across and between experimental groups of embryos. Finally, as our classifier uses images obtained from a standard live-imaging widefield microscope and camera set-up, we envisage it will be readily accessible to the zebrafish community, and prove to be a valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Jones
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Matthew J. Renshaw
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David J. Barry
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James C. Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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Jones RA, Renshaw MJ, Barry DJ, Smith JC. Automated staging of zebrafish embryos using machine learning. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18313.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio), is an important biomedical model organism used in many disciplines, including development, disease modeling and toxicology, to better understand vertebrate biology. The phenomenon of developmental delay in zebrafish embryos has been widely reported as part of a mutant or treatment-induced phenotype, and accurate characterization of such delays is imperative. Despite this, the only way at present to identify and quantify these delays is through manual observation, which is both time-consuming and subjective. Machine learning approaches in biology are rapidly becoming part of the toolkit used by researchers to address complex questions. In this work, we introduce a machine learning-based classifier that has been trained to detect temporal developmental differences across groups of zebrafish embryos. Our classifier is capable of rapidly analyzing thousands of images, allowing comparisons of developmental temporal rates to be assessed across and between experimental groups of embryos. Finally, as our classifier uses images obtained from a standard live-imaging widefield microscope and camera set-up, we envisage it will be readily accessible to the zebrafish community, and prove to be a valuable resource.
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10
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Dong G, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Zhu F, Liu J, Xu Z. Recent updates on 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-triazine hybrids (2017-present): The anticancer activity, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of action. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200479. [PMID: 36372519 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world, and the prevalence and mortality rates of cancer will continue to grow. Chemotherapeutics play a critical role in cancer therapy, but drug resistance and side effects are major hurdles to effective treatment, evoking an immediate need for the discovery of new anticancer agents. Triazines including 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-triazine have occupied a propitious place in drug design and development due to their excellent pharmacological profiles. Mechanistically, triazine derivatives could interfere with various signaling pathways to induce cancer cell death. Hence, triazine derivatives possess potential in vitro and in vivo efficacy against diverse cancers. In particular, triazine hybrids are able to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Moreover, several triazine hybrids such as brivanib (indole-containing pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine), gedatolisib (1,3,5-triazine-urea hybrid), and enasidenib (1,3,5-triazine-pyridine hybrid) have already been available in the market. Accordingly, triazine hybrids are useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel anticancer chemotherapeutics. This review focuses on the anticancer activity of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-triazine hybrids, together with the structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action developed from 2017 to the present. The enriched structure-activity relationships may be useful for further rational drug development of triazine hybrids as potential clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- College of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fengyun Zhu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Junna Liu
- Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Industry Innovation & Research and Development Institute of Zhumadian, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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Shawish I, Nafie MS, Barakat A, Aldalbahi A, Al-Rasheed HH, Ali M, Alshaer W, Al Zoubi M, Al Ayoubi S, De la Torre BG, Albericio F, El-Faham A. Pyrazolyl-s-triazine with indole motif as a novel of epidermal growth factor receptor/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 dual inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:1078163. [PMID: 36505739 PMCID: PMC9732672 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1078163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pyrazolyl-s-triazine compounds with an indole motif was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anticancer activity targeting dual EGFR and CDK-2 inhibitors. The compounds were tested for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. Compounds 3h, 3i, and 3j showed promising cytotoxic activity against two cancer cell lines, namely A549, MCF-7, and HDFs (non-cancerous human dermal fibroblasts). Compound 3j was the most active candidate against A549, with an IC50 of 2.32 ± 0.21 μM. Compounds 3h and 3i were found to be the most active hybrids against MCF-7 and HDFs, with an IC50 of 2.66 ± 0.26 μM and 3.78 ± 0.55 μM, respectively. Interestingly, 3i showed potent EGFR inhibition, with an IC50 of 34.1 nM compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 67.3 nM). At 10 μM, this candidate caused 93.6% and 91.4% of EGFR and CDK-2 inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, 3i enhanced total lung cancer cell apoptosis 71.6-fold (43.7% compared to 0.61% for the control). Given the potent cytotoxicity exerted by 3i through apoptosis-mediated activity, this compound emerges as a promising target-oriented anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shawish
- Department of Math and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismaïlia, Egypt
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Assem Barakat, ; Fernando Albericio, ; Ayman El-Faham,
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa H. Al-Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mazhar Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Samha Al Ayoubi
- Department of Math and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz G. De la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Assem Barakat, ; Fernando Albericio, ; Ayman El-Faham,
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,*Correspondence: Assem Barakat, ; Fernando Albericio, ; Ayman El-Faham,
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12
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Shawish I, Barakat A, Aldalbahi A, Alshaer W, Daoud F, Alqudah DA, Al Zoubi M, Hatmal MM, Nafie MS, Haukka M, Sharma A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, El-Faham A. Acetic Acid Mediated for One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolyl s-Triazine Derivatives for the Targeted Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Cells (MDA-MB-231) via EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascades. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081558. [PMID: 36015186 PMCID: PMC9414415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we described the synthesis of novel pyrazole-s-triazine derivatives via an easy one-pot procedure for the reaction of β-dicarbonyl compounds (ethylacetoacetate, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadione or 1,3-cyclohexadionone) with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal, followed by addition of 2-hydrazinyl-4,6-disubstituted-s-triazine either in ethanol-acetic acid or neat acetic acid to afford a novel pyrazole and pyrazole-fused cycloalkanone systems. The synthetic protocol proved to be efficient, with a shorter reaction time and high chemical yield with broad substrates. The new pyrazolyl-s-triazine derivatives were tested against the following cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer); MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer); U-87 MG (glioblastoma); A549 (non-small cell lung cancer); PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer); and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The cell viability assay revealed that most of the s-triazine compounds induced cytotoxicity in all the cell lines tested. However, compounds 7d, 7f and 7c, which all have a piperidine or morpholine moiety with one aniline ring or two aniline rings in their structures, were the most effective. Compounds 7f and 7d showed potent EGFR inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 59.24 and 70.3 nM, respectively, compared to Tamoxifen (IC50 value of 69.1 nM). Compound 7c exhibited moderate activity, with IC50 values of 81.6 nM. Interestingly, hybrids 7d and 7f exerted remarkable PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitory activity with 0.66/0.82/0.80 and 0.35/0.56/0.66-fold, respectively, by inhibiting their concentrations to 4.39, 37.3, and 69.3 ng/mL in the 7d-treatment, and to 2.39, 25.34 and 57.6 ng/mL in the 7f-treatment compared to the untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shawish
- Department of Math and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.A.); or (A.E.-F.)
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.A.); (F.D.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Fadwa Daoud
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.A.); (F.D.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dana A. Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.A.); (F.D.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Mazhar Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Anamika Sharma
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (A.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (A.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.A.); or (A.E.-F.)
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.A.); or (A.E.-F.)
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13
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Shawish I, Barakat A, Aldalbahi A, Malebari AM, Nafie MS, Bekhit AA, Albohy A, Khan A, Ul-Haq Z, Haukka M, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, El-Faham A. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of a New Series of Mono- and Bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)- s-triazine Derivatives Targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascades. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24858-24870. [PMID: 35874229 PMCID: PMC9301957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we synthesized a newseries of mono- and bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)-s-triazine derivatives. The synthetic methodology involved the reaction of different mono- and dihydrazinyl-s-triazine derivatives with acetylacetone in the presence of triethylamine to produce the corresponding target products in high yield and purity. The antiproliferative activity of the novel mono- and bis(dimethylpyrazolyl)-s-triazine derivatives was studied against three cancer cell lines, namely, MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2. N-(4-Bromophenyl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 4f, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 5c, and 4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 5d showed promising activity against these cancer cells: 4f [(IC50 = 4.53 ± 0.30 μM (MCF-7); 0.50 ± 0.080 μM (HCT-116); and 3.01 ± 0.49 μM (HepG2)]; 5d [(IC50 = 3.66 ± 0.96 μM (HCT-116); and 5.42 ± 0.82 μM (HepG2)]; and 5c [(IC50 = 2.29 ± 0.92 μM (MCF-7)]. Molecular docking studies revealed good binding affinity with the receptor targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascades. Compound 4f exhibited potent EGFR inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 61 nM compared to that of Tamoxifen (IC50 value of 69 nM), with EGFR inhibition of 83 and 84%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM. Interestingly, 4f showed remarkable PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitory activity with 0.18-, 0.27-, and 0.39-fold decrease in their concentration (reduction in controls from 6.64, 45.39, and 86.39 ng/mL to 1.24, 12.35, and 34.36 ng/mL, respectively). Hence, the synthetic 1,3,5-triazine derivative 4f exhibited promising antiproliferative activity in HCT-116 cells through apoptosis induction by targeting the EGFR and its downstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shawish
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Math and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- The Center
for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Alamgir Khan
- H.E.J. Research
Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological
Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- H.E.J. Research
Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological
Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani
Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center
for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University
of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal
Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory
Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
- Institute
for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC−CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
and Department of Organic Chemistry, University
of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, P.O. Box 426,
Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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14
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Gangasani JK, Yarasi S, Naidu VGM, Vaidya JR. Triazine based chemical entities for anticancer activity. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triazine is a six-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic moiety that was extensively investigated because of its biological properties and, in particular anticancer potentials. Kinases play a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Triazine derivatives show anticancer activity by inhibiting the lipid kinases like phosphoinositide 3-kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, receptor tyrosine kinases, like focal adhesion kinase, cyclin-dependent kinases, Rho-associated protein kinases, p21-activated kinases, carbonic anhydrases, enolase inhibitors, microtubules inhibitors, and histone deacetylases. The present chapter highlights the synthesis of triazine-based derivatives, their characterization, evaluation of anticancer properties, and their journey towards possible medicine for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadees Kumar Gangasani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Siwaswarup Yarasi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Vegi Ganga Modi Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Guwahati , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Department and AcSIR-Ghaziabad , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road Tarnaka , Hyderabad , 500007 , Telangana , India
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15
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Maliszewski D, Drozdowska D. Recent Advances in the Biological Activity of s-Triazine Core Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020221. [PMID: 35215333 PMCID: PMC8875733 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective strategy for successful chemotherapy relies on creating compounds with high selectivity against cancer cells compared to normal cells and relatively low cytotoxicity. One such approach is the discovery of critical points in cancer cells, i.e., where specific enzymes that are potential therapeutic targets are generated. Triazine is a six-membered heterocyclic ring compound with three nitrogen replacing carbon-hydrogen units in the benzene ring structure. The subject of this review is the symmetrical 1,3,5-triazine, known as s-triazine. 1,3,5-triazine is one of the oldest heterocyclic compounds available. Because of its low cost and high availability, it has attracted researcher attention for novel synthesis. s-Triazine has a weak base, it has much weaker resonance energy than benzene, therefore, nucleophilic substitution is preferred to electrophilic substitution. Heterocyclic bearing a symmetrical s-triazine core represents an interesting class of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological properties such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal and antimicrobial, antimalarial agents. They also have applications as dyes, lubricants, and analytical reagents. Hence, the group of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives has developed over the years. Triazine is not only the core amongst them, but is also a factor increasing the kinetic potential of the entire derivatives. Modifying the structure and introducing new substituents makes it possible to obtain compounds with broad inhibitory activity on processes such as proliferation. In some cases, s-triazine derivatives induce cell apoptosis. In this review we will present currently investigated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with anti-cancer activities, with particular emphasis on their inhibition of enzymes involved in the process of tumorigenesis.
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16
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Barbieri F, Bosio AG, Pattarozzi A, Tonelli M, Bajetto A, Verduci I, Cianci F, Cannavale G, Palloni LMG, Francesconi V, Thellung S, Fiaschi P, Mazzetti S, Schenone S, Balboni B, Girotto S, Malatesta P, Daga A, Zona G, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Chloride intracellular channel 1 activity is not required for glioblastoma development but its inhibition dictates glioma stem cell responsivity to novel biguanide derivatives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:53. [PMID: 35135603 PMCID: PMC8822754 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chloride intracellular channel-1 (CLIC1) activity controls glioblastoma proliferation. Metformin exerts antitumor effects in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) inhibiting CLIC1 activity, but its low potency hampers its translation in clinical settings.
Methods
We synthesized a small library of novel biguanide-based compounds that were tested as antiproliferative agents for GSCs derived from human glioblastomas, in vitro using 2D and 3D cultures and in vivo in the zebrafish model. Compounds were compared to metformin for both potency and efficacy in the inhibition of GSC proliferation in vitro (MTT, Trypan blue exclusion assays, and EdU labeling) and in vivo (zebrafish model), migration (Boyden chamber assay), invasiveness (Matrigel invasion assay), self-renewal (spherogenesis assay), and CLIC1 activity (electrophysiology recordings), as well as for the absence of off-target toxicity (effects on normal stem cells and toxicity for zebrafish and chick embryos).
Results
We identified Q48 and Q54 as two novel CLIC1 blockers, characterized by higher antiproliferative potency than metformin in vitro, in both GSC 2D cultures and 3D spheroids. Q48 and Q54 also impaired GSC self-renewal, migration and invasion, and displayed low systemic in vivo toxicity. Q54 reduced in vivo proliferation of GSCs xenotransplanted in zebrafish hindbrain. Target specificity was confirmed by recombinant CLIC1 binding experiments using microscale thermophoresis approach. Finally, we characterized GSCs from GBMs spontaneously expressing low CLIC1 protein, demonstrating their ability to grow in vivo and to retain stem-like phenotype and functional features in vitro. In these GSCs, Q48 and Q54 displayed reduced potency and efficacy as antiproliferative agents as compared to high CLIC1-expressing tumors. However, in 3D cultures, metformin and Q48 (but not Q54) inhibited proliferation, which was dependent on the inhibition dihydrofolate reductase activity.
Conclusions
These data highlight that, while CLIC1 is dispensable for the development of a subset of glioblastomas, it acts as a booster of proliferation in the majority of these tumors and its functional expression is required for biguanide antitumor class-effects. In particular, the biguanide-based derivatives Q48 and Q54, represent the leads to develop novel compounds endowed with better pharmacological profiles than metformin, to act as CLIC1-blockers for the treatment of CLIC1-expressing glioblastomas, in a precision medicine approach.
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17
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Noureen S, Ali S, Zia MA, Afzal M, Ayub AR, El-Naggar M. Synthesis, combined theoretical and spectral characterization of some new 1,3,5 triazine compounds, and their in vitro biological analysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New N-heterocyclic compounds with a 1,3,5 triazine core were synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Synthesis, and Molecular Structure Investigations of a New s-Triazine Derivatives Incorporating Pyrazole/Piperidine/Aniline Moieties. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized two new s-triazine incorporates pyrazole/piperidine/aniline moieties. Molecular structure investigations in the light of X-ray crystallography combined with Hirshfeld and DFT calculations were presented. Intermolecular interactions controlling the molecular packing of 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N-phenyl-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine; 5a and N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine; 5b were analyzed using Hirshfeld calculations. The most dominant interactions are the H...H, N...H and H...C contacts in both compounds. The N...H and H...C interactions in 5a and the N...H, Br...H and H...H interactions in 5b are the most important. In addition, DFT calculations were used to compute the molecular structures of 5a and 5b; then, their electronic properties, as well as the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, were predicted. Both compounds are polar where 5a (1.018 Debye) has lower dipole moment than 5b (4.249 Debye). The NMR chemical shifts were calculated and very good correlations between the calculated and experimental data were obtained (R2 = 0.938–0.997).
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19
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Barakat A, El‐Faham A, Haukka M, Al‐Majid AM, Soliman SM. s
‐Triazine pincer ligands: Synthesis of their metal complexes, coordination behavior, and applications. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Ayman El‐Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry University of Jyväskylä PO Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | | | - Saied M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University PO Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
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Fu DJ, Liu SM, Yang JJ, Li J. Novel piperidine derivatives as colchicine binding site inhibitors induce apoptosis and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition against prostate cancer PC3 cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1403-1413. [PMID: 32588683 PMCID: PMC7646549 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1783664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polymerisation inhibitors that target colchicine binding site were powerful anticancer agents. Although along the years many colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have been reported, few piperidine derivatives were identified as CBSIs. In this regard, we focussed efforts on the piperidine as a promising chemotype to develop potent CBSIs. Herein, novel piperidine derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities. Among them, compound 17a displayed powerful anticancer activity with the IC50 value of 0.81 µM against PC3 cells, which was significantly better than 5-fluorouracil. It could inhibit tubulin polymerisation binding at the colchicine site and inhibit the tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. Further biological studies depicted that 17a suppressed the colony formation, induced apoptosis, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition against PC3 cells. These results revealed that compound 17a is a promising colchicine binding site inhibitor for the treatment of cancer and it is worthy of further exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sharma A, Sheyi R, de la Torre BG, El-Faham A, Albericio F. s-Triazine: A Privileged Structure for Drug Discovery and Bioconjugation. Molecules 2021; 26:864. [PMID: 33562072 PMCID: PMC7914932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the broad applicability of s-triazine. Our many years working with this intriguing moiety allow us to discuss its wide activity spectrum (inhibition against MAO-A and -B, anticancer/antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity against MDR clinical isolates, antileishmanial agent, and use as drug nano delivery system). Most of the compounds addressed in our studies and those performed by other groups contain only N-substitution. Exploiting the concept of orthogonal chemoselectivity, first described by our group, we have successfully incorporated different nucleophiles in different orders into s-triazine core for application in peptides/proteins at a temperature compatible with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Rotimi Sheyi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Soliman SM, Al-Rasheed HH, Albering JH, El-Faham A. Fe(III) Complexes Based on Mono - and Bis-pyrazolyl- s-triazine Ligands: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Hirshfeld, and Antimicrobial Evaluations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235750. [PMID: 33291507 PMCID: PMC7730701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of iron(III) chloride with three pyrazolyl-s-triazine ligands, namely 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (PipBPT), 4-(4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)morpholine (MorphBPT), and 4,4’-(6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)dimorpholine (bisMorphPT) afforded [Fe(PipBPT)Cl2][FeCl4] (1), [Fe(MorphBPT)Cl2][FeCl4] (2), and [H(bisMorphPT)][FeCl4]. bisMorphPT.2H2O (3), respectively, in good yield. In complexes 1 and 2, the Fe(III) is pentacoordinated with three Fe-N interactions from the pincer ligand and two coordinated chloride anions in the inner sphere, and FeCl4¯ in the outer sphere. Complex 3 is comprised of one protonated ligand as cationic part, one FeCl4¯ anion, and one neutral bisMorphPT molecule in addition to two crystallized water molecules. Analysis of molecular packing using Hirshfeld calculations indicated that H…H and Cl…H are the most important in the molecular packing. They comprised 40.1% and 37.4%, respectively in 1 and 32.4% and 37.8%, respectively in 2. Complex 1 exhibited the most bioactivity against the tested microbes while 3 had the lowest bioactivity. The bisMorphPT and MorphBPT were inactive towards the tested microbes while PipBPT was active. As a whole, the Fe(III) complexes have enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities as compared to the free ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.E.-F.)
| | - Hessa H. Al-Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jörg H. Albering
- Graz University of Technology, Mandellstr. 11/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.E.-F.)
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Turones LC, Martins AN, Moreira LKDS, Fajemiroye JO, Costa EA. Development of pyrazole derivatives in the management of inflammation. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:217-234. [PMID: 33171533 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic limitations and poor management of inflammatory conditions are anticipated to impact patients negatively over the coming decades. Following the synthesis of the first pyrazole-antipyrine in 1887, several other derivatives have been screened for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Arguably, the pyrazole ring, as a major pharmacophore and central scaffold partly, defines the pharmacological profile of several derivatives. In this review, we explore the structural-activity relationship that accounts for the pharmacological profile of pyrazole derivatives and highlights future research perspectives capable of optimizing current advancement in the search for safe and efficacy anti-inflammatory drugs. The flourishing research into the pyrazole derivatives as drug candidates has advanced our understanding of inflammation-related diseases and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Córdova Turones
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Aline Nazareth Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Lorrane Kelle da Silva Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - James Oluwagbamigbe Fajemiroye
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Elson Alves Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
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Lasri J, Al-Rasheed HH, El-Faham A, Haukka M, Abutaha N, Soliman SM. Synthesis, structure and in vitro anticancer activity of Pd(II) complexes of mono- and bis-pyrazolyl-s-triazine ligands. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guo H, Diao QP. 1,3,5-Triazine-azole Hybrids and their Anticancer Activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1481-1492. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200310122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and azole can interact with various therapeutic targets, and their derivatives
possess promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. Hybrid molecules have the potential to enhance
efficiency, overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects, and many hybrid molecules are under
different phases of clinical trials, so hybridization of 1,3,5-triazine with azole may provide valuable
therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cancer. Substantial efforts have been made to develop
azole-containing 1,3,5-triazine hybrids as novel anticancer agents, and some of them exhibited excellent
activity. This review emphasizes azole-containing 1,3,5-triazine hybrids with potential anticancer activity,
and the structure-activity relationships as well as the mechanisms of action are also discussed to
provide comprehensive and target-oriented information for the development of this kind of anticancer
drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, Liaoning, China
| | - Quan-Ping Diao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, Liaoning, China
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26
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Al Rasheed H, Dahlous K, Sharma A, Sholkamy E, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Barbiturate- and Thiobarbituarte-Based s-Triazine Hydrazone Derivatives with Promising Antiproliferative Activities. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15805-15811. [PMID: 32656400 PMCID: PMC7345403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new class of compounds, which include s-triazine with pyrimidinetrione or thiopyrimidinedione moiety through a hydrazone linkage, were synthesized and characterized. The newly synthesized s-triazine hydrazone derivatives were evaluated in vitro against four cancer cell lines: A549, HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7. Several derivatives showed growth inhibition activity in the low microgram range. The results reveal that the barbiturate derivatives showed poor to no activity, while thiobarbiturate derivatives showed better activity than the analogues barbiturate derivatives. The substituents on the s-triazine moiety have a great effect on the antiproliferative activity, where derivatives with the piperidino and diethylamino on the s-triazine ring (5h) showed the highest activity against all of the tested cell lines (IC50 1.6 ± 0.6, 3.8 ± 0.3, 1.9 ± 0.4, and 1.2± 0.5 μg/mL for the tested cell lines A549, HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7, respectively). These results indicate that thiobarbiturates-s-triazine hydrazone derivatives may provide an excellent scaffold for the development of an anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa Al Rasheed
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood Dahlous
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
| | - Essam Sholkamy
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KRISP,
College of Health Sciences, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Peptide
Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South
Africa
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine,
and Department of Organic Chemistry, University
of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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27
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Gao F, Huang G, Xiao J. Chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current development, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2049-2084. [PMID: 32525247 DOI: 10.1002/med.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancers and the low specificity of anticancer agents have been the major challenges in the control and treatment of cancer, making an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents with high efficacy. Chalcones, precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids, exhibit structural heterogeneity and can act on various drug targets. Chalcones which demonstrated potential in vitro and in vivo activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant cancers, are useful templates for the development of novel anticancer agents. Hybridization of chalcone moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores could provide the hybrids which have the potential to overcome drug resistance and improve the specificity, so it represents a promising strategy to develop novel anticancer agents. This review emphasizes the development, the mechanisms of action as well as structure-activity relationships of chalcone hybrids with potential therapeutic application for many cancers in recent 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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28
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Farooq M, Abutaha N, Mahboob S, Baabbad A, Almoutiri ND, Wadaan MAAM. Investigating the antiangiogenic potential of Rumex vesicarius (humeidh), anticancer activity in cancer cell lines and assessment of developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:611-622. [PMID: 32210679 PMCID: PMC6997907 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent trends in anticancer therapy is to use therapeutic agents which not only kill the cancer cell, but are less toxic to surrounding normal cells/tissue. One approach is to cut the nutrient supply to growing tumor cells, by blocking the formation of new blood vessels around the tumor. As the phytochemicals and botanical crude extracts have proven their efficacy as natural antiangiogenic agents with minimum toxicities, there is need to explore varieties of medicinal plants for novel antiangiogenic compounds. Rumex vesicarius L. (Humeidh), is an annual herbal plant with proven medicinal values. The antiangiogenic potential, and developmental toxicity of humeidh in experimental animal models has never been studied before. The crude extracts were prepared from the roots, stems, leaves and flowers of Rumex vesicarius L. in methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The developmental toxicity screening in zebrafish embryos, has revealed that Rumex vesicarius was not toxic to zebrafish embryos. The chloroform stem extract showed significant level of antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish angiogenic assay on a dose dependent manner. Thirty five (35) bioactive compounds were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC–MS) analysis in the stem extract of Rumex vesicarius. Propanoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl ester, Butane, 1,2,3-tris(trimethylsiloxy), and Butanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsilyl) ester were identified as major compound present in the stem of R. vasicarius. The anticancer activity of roots, stem, leaves and flowers crude extract was evaluated in human breast cancer (MCF7), human colon carcinoma (Lovo, and Caco-2), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Most of the crude extracts did not show significant level of cytotoxicity in tested cancer cells line, except, chloroform extract of stem which exhibited strong anticancer activity in all tested cancer cells with IC50 values in micro molar range. Based on these results, it is recommended that formulation prepared from R. vesicarius can further be tested in clinical trials in order to explore its therapeutic potential as an effective and safe natural anticancer product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nael Abutaha
- College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf D Almoutiri
- College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Samy F, Shebl M. Synthesis, spectroscopic, biological, and theoretical studies of new complexes from ( E)‐3‐(2‐(5, 6‐ diphenyl‐1,2,4‐ triazin‐3‐ yl)hydrazono)butan‐2‐ one oxime. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Samy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of EducationAin Shams University Roxy Cairo 11341 Egypt
| | - Magdy Shebl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of EducationAin Shams University Roxy Cairo 11341 Egypt
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30
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Three Multi-Components Reaction: Synthesis and X-Ray Single-Crystal of Hydroacridinone-Based Hydrazino-S-Triazine Derivative as a New Class of Urease Inhibitor. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot fashion of three multi-component reaction provides the desired hydroacridinone-based hydrazino-s-triazine scaffold 4. Compound 4 was crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal system and Pbca space group with a = 11.6271(2) Å, b = 18.2018(4) Å, c = 32.4721(6) Å, and α = β = γ = 90° with one formula unit per asymmetric unit and eight molecules per unit cell. Additionally, structural features, Hirshfeld surfaces, and DFT studies were also investigated. Its packing in the crystal is controlled by H…H (63.4%), O…H (12.7%), Cl…H (7.2%), N…H (4.7%), and C…H (10.2%) contacts, where the O…H and Cl…H contacts were found the strongest. In vitro urease inhibition evaluation showed that the hydroacridinone-based hydrazino-s-triazine is more active (IC50 = 17.9 ± 0.47 µM) than the standard acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 20.3 ± 0.43 µM).
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31
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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32
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El-Faham A, Farooq M, Almarhoon Z, Alhameed RA, Wadaan MAM, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Di- and tri-substituted s-triazine derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer activity in human breast-cancer cell lines, and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103397. [PMID: 31706684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on a small library based on a 4-aminobenzonitile-s-triazine moiety. We used a straightforward orthogonal synthetic pathway to prepare di- and tri-substituted s-triazine derivatives, whose basic structure was modified. The newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. They showed strong anticancer activity against two human breast cancer cell lines (MIDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), with IC50 values less than 1 µM. These s-triazine compounds were generally more selective towards hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 than the triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Zebrafish embryos were used to test the developmental toxicity of the target compounds in vivo. The phenotype of embryos treated with the derivatives resembled that of those treated with estrogen disruptors. This observation strongly supports the notion that that these compounds induce their anticancer activity in human breast cancer cells via targeting the estrogen and progesterone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakia Abd Alhameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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