1
|
Sharma G, Sharma CS. Tetrahydropyridine appended 8-aminoquinoline derivatives: Design, synthesis, in silico, and in vitro antimalarial studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107674. [PMID: 39059071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Antimalarial drug resistance is a major obstacle in the ongoing quest against malaria. The disease affects half of the world's population. The majority of them are toddlers and pregnant women. Needed a potent compound to act on drug-resistant Pf at appropriate concentrations without endangering the host. Envisaged solving this issue through rational drug design by creating a novel hybrid drug possessing two pharmacophores that can act on two marvellous and independent aims within the cell. Synthesized a new series of substituted 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (THP) 8-Aminoquinoline-based hybrid analogs which have been integrated with quinoline, chloroquine, pamaquine, and primaquine, which exhibited antimalarial activity against Pf. Out of thirteen 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-THP appended 8-Aminoquinoline derivatives, the compounds 1j, 1e, 1b, and 1l have exhibited good antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (RKL-9) strain with the minimum inhibitory concentration. Compound 1b was the most effective and showed consistently good potency against the drug-resistant (RKL-9) strain, although all other arrays showed good antimalarial efficacy. Additional docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out at several targeting sites to quantify the structural parameters necessary for the activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India.
| | - C S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Devi K, Chandra A, Kumar V, Othayoth J, Rathi B, Goel VK. Identification of novel peptide inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( PfDHFR): molecular docking and MD simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38686916 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2335288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The presence of drug-resistant variants of Plasmodium parasites within the population has presented a substantial obstacle to the eradication of Malaria. As a result, numerous research groups have directed their efforts towards creating new medication candidates that specifically target parasites. In this study, our main objective was to identify tri-peptide inhibitors for Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase (PfDHFR) with the aim of finding a new peptide that exhibits superior binding properties compared to the current inhibitor, WR99210. In order to achieve this objective, a virtual library consisting of 8000 tripeptides was generated and subjected to computational screening against wild-type PfDHFR. The purpose of this screening was to discover the most effective binders at the active site. The four most optimal tripeptides identified (Trp-Trp-Glu, Trp-Phe-Tyr, Phe-Trp-Trp, Tyr-Trp-Trp) exhibited significant non-covalent interactions inside the active site of PfDHFR and had binding energies ranging from -9.5 to -9.0 kcal/mol and WR99210 had a binding energy of -6.2 kcal/mol. A 250 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the protein-ligand complexes. The Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values for the optimal tripeptides fell within the allowed range, indicating the stability of the ligands inside the protein complex. The Ki value for the most effective tripeptide was 0.3482 µM, whereas WR99210 had a Ki value of 1.02 µM. This article presents the initial discovery of peptide inhibitors targeting PfDHFR. In this text, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the interactions that occur between peptides and the enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Devi
- Peptide Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshuman Chandra
- Peptide Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- Peptide Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jithesh Othayoth
- Peptide Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Goel
- Peptide Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Rakesh KP, Raheem S, Agustar HK, Ismail N, Ling LY, Hassan NI. Exploring diverse frontiers: Advancements of bioactive 4-aminoquinoline-based molecular hybrids in targeted therapeutics and beyond. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116043. [PMID: 38118392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Amongst heterocyclic compounds, quinoline and its derivatives are advantaged scaffolds that appear as a significant assembly motif for developing new drug entities. Aminoquinoline moiety has gained significant attention among researchers in the 21stcentury. Considering the biological and pharmaceutical importance of aminoquinoline derivatives, herein, we review the recent developments (since 2019) in various biological activities of the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold hybridized with diverse heterocyclic moieties such as quinoline, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, dioxine, piperazine, pyrazoline, piperidine, imidazole, indole, oxadiazole, carbazole, dioxole, thiazole, benzothiazole, pyrazole, phthalimide, adamantane, benzochromene, and pyridinone. Moreover, by gaining knowledge about SARs, structural insights, and molecular targets, this review may help medicinal chemists design cost-effective, selective, safe, and more potent 4-aminoquinoline hybrids for diverse biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Saki Raheem
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, W1W 6UW, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hani Kartini Agustar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norzila Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicinal Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lau Yee Ling
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma B, Agarwal A, Awasthi SK. Is structural hybridization invoking new dimensions for antimalarial drug discovery research? RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1227-1253. [PMID: 37484560 PMCID: PMC10357931 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective prevention methods, malaria is a devastating, persistent infection caused by protozoal parasites that result in nearly half a million fatalities annually. Any progress made thus far in the eradication of the disease is jeopardized by the expansion of malaria parasites that have evolved to become resistant to a wide range of drugs, including first-line therapy. To surmount this significant obstacle, it is necessary to develop newly synthesized drugs with multiple modes of action that may have a novel target in various stages of Plasmodium parasite development and this is made possible by the hybridization concept. Hybridization is the combination of at least two diverse pharmacophore units with some linkers bringing about a single molecule with a diverse mode of action. It intensifies a drug's physiological and chemical characteristics, such as absorption, cellular target contact, metabolism, excretion, distribution, and toxicity. This review article outlines the currently published most potent hybrid drugs against the Plasmodium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Alka Agarwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Satish Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saha A, Choudhury AAK, Adhikari N, Ghosh SK, Shakya A, Patgiri SJ, Pratap Singh U, Bhat HR. Molecular docking and antimalarial evaluation of hybrid para-aminobenzoic acid 1,3,5 triazine derivatives via inhibition of Pf-DHFR. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15520-15534. [PMID: 37154740 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy is used to combine the two key structural scaffolds, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and 1,3,5 triazine in search of new series of antimalarial agents. A combinatorial library of 100 compounds was prepared in five different series as [4A (1-22), 4B (1-21), 4 C (1-20), 4D (1-19) and 4E (1-18)] using different primary and secondary amines, from where 10 compounds were finally screened out through molecular property filter analysis and molecular docking study as promising PABA substituted 1,3,5-triazine scaffold as an antimalarial agent. The docking results showed that compounds 4A12 and 4A20 exhibited good binding interaction with Phe58, IIe164, Ser111, Arg122, Asp54 (-424.19 to -360.34 kcal/mol) and Arg122, Phe116, Ser111, Phe58 (-506.29 to -431.75 kcal/mol) against wild (1J3I) and quadruple mutant (1J3K) type of Pf-DHFR. These compounds were synthesized by conventional as well as microwave-assisted synthesis and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. In-vitro antimalarial activity results indicated that two compounds 4A12 and 4A20 showed promising antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 (1.24-4.77 μg mL-1) and (2.11-3.60 μg mL-1). These hybrid PABA substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives might be used in the lead discovery towards a new class of Pf-DHFR inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | | | - Nayana Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Saurav Jyoti Patgiri
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Dibrugarh, India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Rakesh KP, Hassan NI. Recent developments in antimalarial activities of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115458. [PMID: 37163950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is the fifth most lethal parasitic infection in the world. Antimalarial medications have played a crucial role in preventing and eradicating malaria. Numerous heterocyclic moieties have been incorporated into the creation of effective antimalarial drugs. The 4-aminoquinoline moiety is favoured in antimalarial drug discovery due to the diverse biological applications of its derivative. Since the 1960s, 4-aminoquinoline has been an important antimalarial drug due to its low toxicity, high tolerability, and rapid absorption after administration. This review focused on the antimalarial efficacy of the 4-aminoquinoline moiety hybridised with various heterocyclic scaffolds developed by scientists since 2018 against diverse Plasmodium clones. It could aid in the future development of more effective antimalarial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wanjari PJ, Rath A, Sathe RY, Bharatam PV. Identification of CYP3A4 inhibitors as potential anti-cancer agents using pharmacoinformatics approach. J Mol Model 2023; 29:156. [PMID: 37097473 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Biguanide derivatives exhibit a wide variety of therapeutic applications, including anti-cancer effects. Metformin is an effective anti-cancer agent against breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. In the crystal structure (PDB ID: 5G5J), it was found that metformin is found in the active site of CYP3A4, and the associated anti-cancer effect was explored. Taking clues from this work, pharmacoinformatics research has been carried out on a series of known and virtual biguanide, guanylthiourea (GTU), and nitreone derivatives. This exercise led to the identification of more than 100 species that exhibit greater binding affinity toward CYP3A4 in comparison to that of metformin. Selected six molecules were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, and the results are presented in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin J Wanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Asutosh Rath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Y Sathe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wanjari PJ, Saha N, Dubey G, Bharatam PV. Metal-free methods for the generation of benzimidazoles and 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Ibraheem W, Makki AA, Alzain AA. Phthalide derivatives as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors for malaria: molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2080114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Ibraheem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Medani, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Alaa A. Makki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Medani, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Abdulrahim Altoam Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Medani, Gezira, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jahan K, Sofi FA, Salim SA, Bharatam PV. NIS mediated dehydrogenative-cyclocondensation in aqueous medium towards the synthesis of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and their 3-formylated derivatives. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Silva Neto GJ, Silva LR, Omena RJMD, Aguiar ACC, Annunciato Y, Rosseto B, Gazarini ML, Heimfarth L, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Ferreira E, Meneghetti MR. Dual Quinoline-Hybrid Compounds with Antimalarial Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum Parasites. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although we have at our disposal relatively low-cost drugs that can be prescribed for the treatment of malaria, the prevalence of resistant strains of the causative parasite has required the...
Collapse
|
12
|
Van de Walle T, Cools L, Mangelinckx S, D'hooghe M. Recent contributions of quinolines to antimalarial and anticancer drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113865. [PMID: 34655985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline, a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, has always been associated with a multitude of biological activities. Especially in antimalarial and anticancer research, quinoline played (and still plays) a central role, giving rise to the development of an array of quinoline-containing pharmaceuticals in these therapeutic areas. However, both diseases still affect millions of people every year, pointing to the necessity of new therapies. Quinolines have a long-standing history as antimalarial agents, but established quinoline-containing antimalarial drugs are now facing widespread resistance of the Plasmodium parasite. Nevertheless, as evidenced by a massive number of recent literature contributions, they are still of great value for future developments in this field. On the other hand, the number of currently approved anticancer drugs containing a quinoline scaffold are limited, but a strong increase and interest in quinoline compounds as potential anticancer agents can be seen in the last few years. In this review, a literature overview of recent contributions made by quinoline-containing compounds as potent antimalarial or anticancer agents is provided, covering publications between 2018 and 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van de Walle
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Cools
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma VK, Kathuria D, Bharatam PV. Identification of selective LdDHFR inhibitors using quantum chemical and molecular modeling approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8687-8695. [PMID: 33904374 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1915182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the various known targets for the treatment of Leishmaniasis, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an essential target which plays an important role in the folate metabolic pathway. In the current study, pharmacoinformatics approaches including quantum chemistry methods, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have been utilized to identify selective Leishmania donovani DHFR (LdDHFR) inhibitors. Initially, for the design of new LdDHFR inhibitors, a virtual combinatorial library was created by considering various head groups (scaffolds), linkers and tail groups. The scaffolds utilized in the library design were selected on the basis of their proton affinity (PA) estimated using quantum chemical methods, required to make a strong H-bond interaction with negatively charged LdDHFR active site. Later on, molecular docking-based virtual screening was performed to screen the designed library. Selectivity of the chosen hits toward the LdDHFR was established through re-docking in the human DHFR enzyme (HsDHFR). Best five hits were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to validate their selectivity as well as stability in LdDHFR. Out of the five hits, four were found to be energetically more favorable and promising for selective binding toward LdDHFR in comparison to HsDHFR.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.,University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amin S, Alam MM, Akhter M, Najmi AK, Siddiqui N, Husain A, Shaquiquzzaman M. A review on synthetic procedures and applications of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3) in the last biennial period (2018–19). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1831499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Amin
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry SRMPP Govt First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nqoro X, Jama S, Morifi E, Aderibigbe BA. 4-Aminosalicylic Acid-based Hybrid Compounds: Synthesis and In vitro Antiplasmodial Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200802031547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Malaria is a deadly and infectious disease responsible for millions of death
worldwide, mostly in the African region. The malaria parasite has developed resistance to the currently
used antimalarial drugs, and it has urged researchers to develop new strategies to overcome
this challenge by designing different classes of antimalarials.
Objectives:
A class of hybrid compounds containing 4-aminosalicylic acid moiety was prepared via
esterification and amidation reactions and characterized using FTIR, NMR and LC-MS. In vitro antiplasmodial
evaluation was performed against the asexual NF54 strain of P. falciparum parasites.
Methods:
In this research, known 4-aminoquinoline derivatives were hybridized with 4-
aminosalicylic acid to afford hybrid compounds via esterification and amidation reactions. 4-
aminosalicylic acid, a dihydrofolate compound inhibits DNA synthesis in the folate pathway and is
a potential pharmacophore for the development of antimalarials.
Results:
The LC-MS, FTIR, and NMR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of the compounds.
The compounds were obtained in yields in the range of 63-80%. The hybrid compounds
displayed significant antimalarial activity when compared to 4-aminosalicylic acid, which exhibited
poor antimalarial activity. The IC50 value of the most potent hybrid compound, 9 was 9.54±0.57 nm.
Conclusion:
4-aminosalicylic has different functionalities, which can be used for hybridization with
a wide range of compounds. It is a potential pharmacophore that can be utilized for the design of
potent antimalarial drugs. It was found to be a good potentiating agent when hybridized with 4-
aminoquinoline derivatives suggesting that they can be utilized for the synthesis of a new class of
antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xhamla Nqoro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus,South Africa
| | - Siphesihle Jama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus,South Africa
| | - Eric Morifi
- School of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Division, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050,South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Madhav H, Hoda N. An insight into the recent development of the clinical candidates for the treatment of malaria and their target proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112955. [PMID: 33131885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an endemic disease, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions which cost half of million deaths annually. The eradication of malaria is one of the global health priority nevertheless, current therapeutic efforts seem to be insufficient due to the emergence of drug resistance towards most of the available drugs, even first-line treatment ACT, unavailability of the vaccine, and lack of drugs with a new mechanism of action. Intensification of antimalarial research in recent years has resulted into the development of single dose multistage therapeutic agents which has advantage of overcoming the antimalarial drug resistance. The present review explored the current progress in the development of new promising antimalarials against prominent target proteins that have the potential to be a clinical candidate. Here, we also reviewed different aspects of drug resistance and highlighted new drug candidates that are currently in a clinical trial or clinical development, along with a few other molecules with excellent antimalarial activity overs ACTs. The summarized scientific value of previous approaches and structural features of antimalarials related to the activity are highlighted that will be helpful for the development of next-generation antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patel N, Arfeen M, Singh T, Bhagat S, Sakhare A, Bharatam PV. Divalent N I Compounds: Identifying new Carbocyclic Carbenes to Design Nitreones using Quantum Chemical Methods. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2624-2633. [PMID: 32964506 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitreones are compounds with oxidation state 1 at the nitrogen, these compounds carry formal positive charge as well as two lone pairs of electrons at nitrogen center. These compounds are also known as divalent NI compounds and can be represented with the general formula L → N+ ← L, where L is an electron donating ligand. In the recent past, several divalent NI compounds have been reported with L = N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), remote N-heterocyclic carbene (rNHC), carbocyclic carbene (CCC) and diaminocarbene. Recently, our group reported that a novel six-membered CCC (cyclohexa-2,5-diene-4-[diaminomethynyl]-1-ylidene) can stabilize N+ center in nitreones. As an independent carbene, this species is very unstable. In this work, modulation of this CCC using (a) annulation, (b) heterocyclic ring modification, (c) substitutions adjacent to the carbenic carbon, (d) exocyclic double bond insertion and (e) ring contraction, has been reported. These modulations and quantum chemical analyses helped in the identification of five new six-membered CCCs which carry improved donation and stability properties. Further, these CCCs were employed in the design of new divalent NI compounds (nitreones) which carry coordination bonds between ligands and N+ center. The molecular and electronic structure properties, and the donor→acceptor coordination interactions present in the resultant low oxidation state divalent NI compounds have been explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
- Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Sakhare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
An Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for Carcinogenicity of Anticancer Compounds Based on Competition between Methylene Blue and Oligonucleotides. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235111. [PMID: 31766637 PMCID: PMC6928940 DOI: 10.3390/s19235111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A toxicity electrochemical DNA biosensor has been constructed for the detection of carcinogens using 24 base guanine DNA rich single stranded DNA, and methylene blue (MB) as the electroactive indicator. This amine terminated ssDNA was immobilized onto silica nanospheres and deposited on gold nanoparticle modified carbon-paste screen printed electrodes (SPEs). The modified SPE was initially exposed to a carcinogen, followed by immersion in methylene blue for an optimized duration. The biosensor response was measured using differential pulse voltammetry. The performance of the biosensor was identified on several anti-cancer compounds. The toxicity DNA biosensor demonstrated a linear response range to the cadmium chloride from 0.0005 ppm to 0.01 ppm (R2 = 0.928) with a limit of detection at 0.0004 ppm. The biosensor also exhibited its versatility to screen the carcinogenicity of potential anti-cancer compounds.
Collapse
|