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Breseghello I, Rosalen PL, Bruzadelli RFD, de Araújo LP, Abdalla HB, Lazarini JG, Paiva IM, Bueno-Silva B, Cordeiro MR, de Alencar SM, Vilhena FV, Cunha TM, Fernandes LA, Ikegaki M, Franchin M. Phthalocyanine derivative attenuates TNF-α production in macrophage culture and prevents alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 39373294 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the activity and mechanism of action of the iron tetracarboxyphthalocyanine (FeTcPc) on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and its impact on experimental periodontitis. METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with FeTcPc, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10 ng/mL, and the TNF-α levels were measured, as well as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Subsequently, a mouth gel containing 1% FeTcPc was topically administered to the gingival tissue of mice with periodontitis-induced ligatures. Bone loss and the gene expression of Tnfα, p65 (NF-κB), and receptor-activating nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl) were quantified in gingival tissue. Finally, the systemic toxicity of FeTcPc was estimated in Galleria mellonella larvae. RESULTS In an activated RAW 264.7 macrophage culture, 100 μM FeTcPc reduced TNF-α release and NF-κB activation. Regarding experimental periodontitis, topical application of mouth gel containing 1% FeTcPc blocked alveolar bone loss. Additionally, 1% FeTcPc reduced the expression of Tnfα, p65 (NF-κB), and Rankl in gingival tissue. Finally, administration FeTcPc at doses ranging from 1 to 1000 mg/kg did not cause acute systemic toxicity in G. mellonella. CONCLUSION Overall, we demonstrated the potential of mouth gel containing FeTcPc as a therapeutic strategy for managing osteolytic inflammatory disorders, such as periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Breseghello
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Franco Dias Bruzadelli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Isadora Marques Paiva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Masaharu Ikegaki
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
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2
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Ayaz F, Demir D, Bölgen N. Electrospun nanofiber mats caged the mammalian macrophages on their surfaces and prevented their inflammatory responses independent of the fiber diameter. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12339. [PMID: 38811651 PMCID: PMC11137074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) has been widely used as biocompatible materials in tissue engineering. They have been used in mammalian cell proliferation to polarization and differentiation. Their modified versions had regulatory activities on mammalian macrophages in vitro. There are also studies suggesting different nanofiber diameters might alter the biological activities of these materials. Based on these cues, we examined the inflammatory activities and adherence properties of mammalian macrophages on electrospun PCL nanofibrous scaffolds formed with PCL having different nanofiber diameters. Our results suggest that macrophages could easily attach and get dispersed on the scaffolds. Macrophages lost their inflammatory cytokine TNF and IL6 production capacity in the presence of LPS when they were incubated on nanofibers. These effects were independent of the mean fiber diameters. Overall, the scaffolds have potential to be used as biocompatible materials to suppress excessive inflammatory reactions during tissue and organ transplantation by caging and suppressing the inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Didem Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tarsus University, 33343, Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nimet Bölgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
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Hakli Ö, Yarali S, Öner Usta E, Ayaz F. Photodynamic anti-inflammatory activity of meso‑aryl substituted porphyrin derivative on mammalian macrophages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103922. [PMID: 38081569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our group focused on a meso‑aryl substituted porphyrin molecule for its photodynamic anti-inflammatory activities on the mammalian macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS The porphyrine derivative previously synthesized in this study was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR. We then examined their immunomodulatory activities based on the changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokine production levels after LPS stimulation in dark and light activated conditions. RESULTS Our results suggest that porphyrin derivative had anti-inflammatory photodynamic activity in vitro at subtoxic concentrations. Our study aims to pave a way for anti-inflammatory photodynamic therapy application in the inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Most of the studies either focus on photodynamic cytotoxicity of the porphyrin derivatives to suppress the inflammation or porphyrin derivatives' anti-inflammatory activity without the photodynamic activation. CONCLUSION Our future studies will focus on the generation and in vitro as well as in vivo characterization of the porphyrin derivatives with anti-inflammatory photodynamic therapy applications. In this way, novel drug candidates that would have lower side effects can be generated for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgül Hakli
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Muğla 48000, Turkey.
| | - Sümeyye Yarali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kötekli, Muğla 48000, Turkey
| | - Ebru Öner Usta
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Mersin University, Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
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4
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Yetkin D, Yılmaz İA, Ayaz F. Anti-inflammatory activity of bupropion through immunomodulation of the macrophages. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2087-2093. [PMID: 36928557 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression might manifest itself with a chronic inflammation in different tissues and organs independent of the central nervous system. Psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and fibromyalgia are among these disorders accompanying the depression. The treatment options for these conditions are a combination of the anti-depressants and anti-inflammatory agents. Bupropion has been widely utilized as an anti-depressant. It has been preferred among the patients with Crohn's disease and psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory role, as well. In this study, we aimed to decipher its target in the immune system. Macrophages were activated in the presence of LPS and increasing concentrations of the bupropion. TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IL-12p40 cytokines' production levels were measured by ELISA to compare it to the control groups. These cytokines have been associated with the aggressive inflammation in different tissues. Moreover, p38 and PI3K proteins' phosphorylated levels were measured to examine whether bupropion acts through these pathways or not. Our results suggest that bupropion had anti-inflammatory action on the activated macrophages and its mechanism of action was partially dependent on p38 but independent of PI3K pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Yetkin
- Advanced Technology, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Arda Yılmaz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey.
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5
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Önal HT, Yetkin D, Ayaz F. Escitalopram's inflammatory effect on the mammalian macrophages and its intracellular mechanism of action. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110762. [PMID: 37031947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with depression are treated with antidepressant drugs that are in the serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group. Different studies have been conducted on the effect of treatment with antidepressants on the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There have been studies on the effects of escitalopram, an SSRI group antidepressant, on the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels both in vivo and in vitro. The results of these studies do not overlap and therefore the escitalopram's effect on the immune system should be studied in more depth. In this study, we aimed to examine, in detail, the cytokine production amount by escitalopram treatment of the J774.2 macrophage cells and its intracellular mechanism of action by examining the PI3K and p38 pathways. As a result of our study, we observed that Escitalopram caused a significant increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and GM-CSF levels in mammalian macrophage cells, but did not induce IL-12p40 production. We observed that the p38 and PI3K pathways play a role in inflammation in the presence of Escitalopram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Topal Önal
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Toros University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Science Institute, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey; Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
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Önal HT, Yetkin D, Ayaz F. Immunostimulatory activity of fluoxetine in macrophages via regulation of the PI3K and P38 signaling pathways. Immunol Res 2022; 71:413-421. [PMID: 36512200 PMCID: PMC9745289 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug that is heavily preferred in the cure of depression, which is from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group. There are many reports on the effect of fluoxetine on the immune system, and its effect on the macrophage cells has never been looked at before. We aimed to demonstrate the cytokine production potential of fluoxetine antidepressant, which is widely used in the clinic, in the J774.2 cell line and its effect on PI3K and P38 pathways. The use of fluoxetine alone in J774.2 macrophage cells showed immunostimulatory properties by inducing the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) IL-6, IL-12p40, and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines. It showed anti-inflammatory properties by completely stopping the production of cytokines (IL-6, IL12p40, TNF-α, and GM-CSF) at all concentrations where LPS and fluoxetine were used together. While PI3K and P38 pathways were not effective in the immunostimulatory effect in the presence of the drug agent, we found that the PI3K and P38 pathways were influenced during their anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Topal Önal
- Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Toros University, 33140 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33110 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey 33110
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33110, Mersin, Turkey
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7
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Novel urea-thiourea hybrids bearing 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety: Anti-inflammatory activity on mammalian macrophages by regulating intracellular PI3K pathway, and molecular docking study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Yetkin D, Ince T, Ayaz F. Photodynamic anti-inflammatory activity of azulene derivatives on mammalian macrophages and their intracellular mechanism of action. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102963. [PMID: 35700911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Azulene derivatives have been studied previously as photodynamic therapy agents. They have anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. Together with their photodynamic activity they enable more control on their activation which aims to decrease possible side effects that have been encountered with their constitutively active drug counterparts. In our current study we focused on photodynamic anti-inflammatory activities of two azulene derivatives whose synthesis methods were described before. We found that when mammalian macrophages J774.2 cells were incubated with these two derivatives in the presence of LPS in dark conditions, these molecules had anti-inflammatory activity at their highest concentrations based on ELISA results on the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. After light application, both derivatives exerted strong anti-inflammatory activities by substantially decreasing the TNF, IL6, GMCSF and IL12p40 cytokine production levels. When the intracellular mechanism of action for both derivatives was tested, only one of them acted through p38 and PI3K pathways whereas the other derivative did not affect either of these pathways. Our results suggest that these two azulene derivatives can be utilized as photodynamic anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Yetkin
- Advanced Technology, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Ince
- Advanced Technology, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey.
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9
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Ayaz F, Colak SG, Ocakoglu K. Water-Based Synthesis of Copper Chalcogenide Structures and Their Photodynamic Immunomodulatory Activities on Mammalian Macrophages. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3677-3688. [PMID: 35488952 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Generation of novel and versatile immunomodulatory agents that could suppress excessive inflammation has been crucial to fight against chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulatory agents regulate the function of immune system cells to manage their activities. Current therapy regimens for the inflammatory and autoimmune disorders rely on immunomodulatory drug molecules but they are also associated with unwanted and severe side effects. In order to prevent the side effects associated with drug molecules, the field should generate novel immunomodulatory drug candidates and further test them. Moreover, the generation of photodynamic immunomodulatory molecules would also decrease possible side effects. Photodynamic activation enables specific and localized activation of the active ingredients upon exposure to a certain wavelength of light. In our study, we generated copper-based chalcogenide structures in gel and nanoparticle form by using a water-based method so that they are more biocompatible.After their chemical characterization, they were tested on mammalian macrophages in vitro. Our results suggest that these molecules were anti-inflammatory in dark conditions and their anti-inflammatory potentials significantly increased upon xenon light treatment. We are presenting novel photodynamic immunomodulatory agents that can be used to suppress excessive inflammation in disease conditions that have been associated with excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33110, Mersin, Turkey.
- Mersin University Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey.
| | - Suleyman Gokhan Colak
- Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR33343, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey.
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10
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Emen FM, Kutlu E, Karacolak AI, Ali MA, Demirdogen RE, Yesilkaynak T, Erat S, Ayaz F. Novel benzoylthiourea derivatives had differential anti-inflammatory photodynamic therapy potentials on in vitro stimulated mammalian macrophages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102685. [PMID: 34921988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzoylthioureas, N-((5-chloropyridin-2yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, (HL1), N-((2-chloropyridin-3yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, (HL2), N-((5-bromopyridin-2yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, (HL3) and N-(Naphthalene-1-yl(phenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, (HL4), were synthesized. Their characterizations were made by FT-IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrophotometric analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted to determine the crystal structure of HL1 and HL4. The HL1 crystallization conditions are: in the monoclinic crystal system with P21/c space group, Z = 2, a = 8.118(2) Å, b = 12.056(3) Å, c = 13.753(4) Å. HL4crystallization conditions are: in the orthorhombic crystal system with Pbca space group, Z = 8, a = 19.597(9) Å, b = 8.270(4) Å, c = 24.299(11) Å. Investigation of photodynamic and antiinflamatory effects of these compounds revealed that they are potent adducts. Using these derivatives, mammalian macrophages were stimulated with LPS to test their anti-inflammatory activity. Based on pro-inflammatory cytokine production levels, the photodynamic anti-inflammatory activity of these adducts were found to differ. Our results showedthat benzoylthioureas can be used as potential photodynamic therapy agents to suppress the excessive inflammatory reactions encountered in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih M Emen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15100, Turkey.
| | - Emine Kutlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15100, Turkey
| | - Ali I Karacolak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15100, Turkey
| | - Muhammad A Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15100, Turkey
| | - Ruken E Demirdogen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı 18100, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Yesilkaynak
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Afsin Vocational School, Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam University, Kahramanmaras TR46500, Turkey
| | - Selma Erat
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Program of Opticianry, Mersin University, Mersin 33340, Turkey; Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin 33340, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey; Biotechnology Research Center, Mersin University, 33040, Turkey.
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Akin M, Saki N, Guzel E, Orman B, Nalbantsoy A, Kocak MB. Assessment of in vitro Cytotoxic, iNOS, Antioxidant and Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activities of Water-soluble Sulfonated Phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:907-915. [PMID: 34748237 DOI: 10.1111/php.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of effective anticancer agents. In this manner, the utilization of water-soluble sulfonated phthalocyanines is crucial for many cancer cell lines. In this study, phthalonitrile and metallophthalocyanine compounds linked by benzenesulfonic acid groups have been prepared. Antimicrobial behaviors of those compounds were investigated by performing disk diffusion and photodynamic assays on gram-positive and negative bacteria. Indium phthalocyanine (InClPc) (3) showed inhibition activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis and S. aureus with disk diffusion assay. Also, gallium and indium phthalocyanines (2 and 3) exhibited inhibitory activity on both gram-positive and -negative microorganisms after light activation. Increasing the inhibitor concentration and light exposure time increased the inhibition activity for both molecules. GaClPc (2) demonstrated the maximum reducing power capacity among studied compounds, and CoPc (4) showed even better DPPH radical scavenging ability than the standard molecule Trolox at 2000 µg mL-1 concentration. The dose-dependent effect of compounds on cytotoxicity was studied against cancer cells PANC-1, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, A549, HeLa, CaCo-2 and non-tumorigenic cells HEK-293. All compounds showed no significant cytotoxic effect on any cell line up to the highest treated concentration at 50 µg mL-1 . However, all phthalocyanines had significant nitric oxide inhibition activity, and only in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (5), the MTT IC50 value was reached on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The lowest inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) IC50 values were defined as 6 ± 1 μg mL-1 and 7 ± 0.5 μg mL-1 for CuPc (5) and InClPc (3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Akin
- Petroyağ and Kimyasallar San. Tic. A.Ş, Research and Development Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emre Guzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Orman
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Makbule B Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Pinto A, Marangon I, Méreaux J, Nicolás-Boluda A, Lavieu G, Wilhelm C, Sarda-Mantel L, Silva AKA, Pocard M, Gazeau F. Immune Reprogramming Precision Photodynamic Therapy of Peritoneal Metastasis by Scalable Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3251-3263. [PMID: 33481565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of tumor metastasis in the peritoneal cavity, also called peritoneal metastasis (PM) or carcinomatosis, represents a late stage of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer with very poor prognosis, even when cytoreductive surgery is effective, due to residual microscopic disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of peritoneal metastasis has been clinically limited by the low tumor selectivity of photosensitizers (PS) and important adverse effects. Here, we propose extracellular nanovesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as the fourth generation of immune active PS vectors that are able to target peritoneal metastasis with superior selectivity, potentiate PDT cytotoxicity at the tumor site without affecting healthy tissues, modulate the tumor microenvironment of immunocompetent colorectal and ovarian carcinomatosis models, and promote an antitumor immune response. A pioneering strategy was developed for high yield, large-scale production of MSC-EVs encapsulating the drug meta(tetrahydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (EVs-mTHPC) that is compatible with requirements of clinical translation and also preserves the topology and integrity of naturally produced EVs. Intraperitoneal injection of EVs-mTHPC showed an impressive enhancement of tumoral selectivity in comparison to the free drug and to the liposomal formulation Foslip (mean ratio of PS in tumors/organs of 40 for EVs-mTHPC versus 1.5 for the free PS and 5.5 for Foslip). PDT mediated by EVs-mTHPC permitted an important tumoral necrosis (55% of necrotic tumoral nodules versus 18% for Foslip (p < 0.0001)) and promoted antitumor immune cell infiltration, mainly proinflammatory M1-like CD80+ and CD8+ T cell effector. Intratumor proliferation was significantly decreased after PDT with EVs-mTHPC. Overall EVs vectorization of mTHPC afforded important tumoral selectivity while overcoming the PDT toxicity of the free drug and prolonged mice survival in the colorectal carcinomatosis model. MSC-EVs produced by our scalable manufacturing method appears like the clinically relevant fourth-generation PDT vehicle to overcome current limitations of PDT in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis and promote a hot tumor immune environment in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Pinto
- Inserm UMR 1275 CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Cancérologique, Hôpital Lariboisière AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Iris Marangon
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Julie Méreaux
- Inserm UMR 1275 CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Cancérologique, Hôpital Lariboisière AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Alba Nicolás-Boluda
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Grégory Lavieu
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Marc Pocard
- Inserm UMR 1275 CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Cancérologique, Hôpital Lariboisière AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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13
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Taslimi P, Türkan F, Güngördü Solğun D, Aras A, Erden Y, Celebioglu HU, Tuzun B, Ağırtaş MS, Günay S, Gulcin I. Metal contained Phthalocyanines with 3,4-Dimethoxyphenethoxy substituents: their anticancer, antibacterial activities and their inhibitory effects on some metabolic enzymes with molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2991-3002. [PMID: 33234029 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The compounds (3-6) used in this study were re-synthesized in accordance with our previous study. The inhibitory effect of the complexes on some metabolic enzymes was examined and it was demonstrated that the enzymes inhibited by ligands and their complex molecules at micromolar level. The best Ki value for α-glycosidase enzyme was absorved 1.01±0.08 µM for compound 6. The biological activity of ligand and metal complexes against enzymes was compared with molecular docking method. The enzymes used against ligand and metal complexes respectively: Achethylcholinesterase for ID 4M0E (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase for ID 5NN0 (BChE), α-glycosidase for ID 1XSI (α-Gly). ADME analysis was performed to examine the drug properties of the compounds (3-6). Besides, the anticancer properties of the complexes were studied. The doses of all compounds caused significant reductions in MCF-7 cell viability. The 3 and 5 compounds administered to PC-3 cells exhibited a more pronounced cytotoxic effect than the other two compounds (4 and 6). Furthermore, antibacterial activities of these compounds against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were examined.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey
| | - Derya Güngördü Solğun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdülmelik Aras
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Erden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | | | - Burak Tuzun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Günay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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14
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Ayaz F, Demirbag B, Ocakoglu K. Immunoactive photosensitizers had photodynamic immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects on mammalian macrophages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102034. [PMID: 33017658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic compounds have great potential in biological applications. Their controlled and localized activation with specific wavelength of light provides opportunities to potentially evade the side effects of today's cancer therapies. Biologically compatible photosensitizers can be used in therapy against cancer, infections as well as inflammatory and immune disorders. In this study, we examined chlorophyll derivatives for anti-microbial, immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory activities. Under dark conditions, these chlorophyll derivatives had strong anti-microbial activities on gram positive S.aureus and gram negative E.coli. Photo activation of the chlorophyll derivatives did not alter their anti-microbial activities on gram negative or gram positive bacteria. In order to examine how these anti-microbial chlorophyll derivatives might effect immune reaction of macrophages, they were tested on mammalian macrophages. They had immunostimulatory activities on them in the dark conditions since they led to increased TNF and IL6 cytokine production even in the absence of stimulants lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Photo-activation of the compounds led to decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL6, production by LPS or LTA activated macrophages. Therefore, these molecules can be used to regulate the immune response in the patients with bacterial infection while leading to death of bacteria. Light induced activation of the compounds could enable localized and controlled activation of their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Demirbag
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey.
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15
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Ayaz F. Ruthenium Bipyridyl Dithiocyanate Complex Exerted Adjuvant Activity on the Activated Mammalian Macrophages in vitro. Inflammation 2020; 43:1120-1126. [PMID: 32076941 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A cell's function can be regulated through its mechanism, and there has been a growing body of literature on how immune cells' metabolism shapes its overall immune response. Manipulation of the cells metabolic activity through a biocompatible material would present new venues to the field of medicine. These agents are known as immunomodulatory and immunostimulatory reagents. They can either stimulate the immune response in a disease case where the immune response is lacking the strength or they can determine the nature and strength of the immune response as an immunomodulator according to our needs to cope with certain disorders. In our recent studies, we have been examining different kinds of materials on the macrophages in order to delineate their immunostimulatory or immunomodulatory potentials. Ruthenium-based materials have gathered our attention due to their ability to get involved into the electron mobility processes in the solar cells. In line with our expectations, probably by interfering the electron transport processes of the macrophages, ruthenium bipyridyl dithiocyanate complex had a stark immunomodulatory function on the LPS-activated mammalian macrophages in vitro. Our results support that it can be utilized as an adjuvant in the new generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, 33110, Mersin, Turkey.
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16
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Ayaz F, Ocakoglu K. Differential effects of aminochlorin derivatives on the phagocytic and inflammatory potentials of mammalian macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172980. [PMID: 32032600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorin derivatives have been known for their biological activities. Especially due to their advanced electron transfer capacity they have been used as photodynamic therapy agent both at clinical and laboratory scales. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer or an infectious disease aims the development of less side effect on the patient since the activation of the inert drug molecule will start only after the light treatment. In order to increase our library of photodynamic therapy agents, we generated a set of chlorin derivatives and tested their PDT potential on the immune system cells; macrophages. Macrophages are known for their primary role as an inflammatory cell type that have been found in the inflamed tissues of the patients with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as in the tumor environment as tumor associated macrophages. Our derivatives had anti-inflammatory PDT potential in the presence of a danger mimic but they lacked immunostimulatory effect. Moreover, these cells' ability to eliminate an infectious agent or present the danger molecules to the other immune cells were tested by phagocytosis assay in the presence of our compounds. Chlorin derivatives were able to differentially regulate the phagocytic activity of the mammalian macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mersin University, Mersin, 33110, Turkey.
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey.
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