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Zhou G, Li Y. Investigation of bacterial DNA gyrase Inhibitor classification models and structural requirements utilizing multiple machine learning methods. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10806-y. [PMID: 38372837 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Infections from multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have emerged as a paramount global health concern, and the therapeutic effectiveness of current treatments is swiftly diminishing. An urgent need exists to explore innovative strategies for countering drug-resistant bacteria. Bacterial DNA gyrase, functioning as an ATP-dependent enzyme, plays a pivotal role in the intricate processes of transcription, replication, and chromosome segregation within bacterial DNA. This renders it a prime target for the development of innovative antibacterial agents. However, the experimental identification of bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors faces multifaceted challenges due to current methodological constraints. Recognizing its significance, this study developed 56 computational models designed for predicting bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors. These models employed seven distinct molecular fingerprints and eight machine learning algorithms. Among these models, Model_2D, created using KlekotaRoth fingerprints and the SVM algorithm, stands out as the most robust performer (ACC = 0.86, MCC = 0.63, G-mean = 0.82). Moreover, given the limited exploration of structural fragments required for DNA Gyrase B inhibitors, crucial structural fingerprints influencing DNA Gyrase B inhibitors were identified through Bayesian classification. Subsequently, we conducted molecular docking to reveal the binding modes between these crucial structural fingerprints and the active site of DNA gyrase B. In conclusion, the present study aimed to develop the optimal classification model for bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors, offering invaluable support to medicinal chemists creating innovative DNA gyrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
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Pakeeraiah K, Mal S, Mahapatra M, Mekap SK, Sahu PK, Paidesetty SK. Schematic-portfolio of potent anti-microbial scaffolds targeting DNA gyrase: Unlocking ways to overcome resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128402. [PMID: 38035955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug development process demands validation of specific drug target impeding the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR). DNA gyrase, as a bacterial target has been in trend for developing newer antibacterial candidates due to its absence in higher eukaryotes. The fluoroquinolones are the leading molecules in the drug discovery pipeline for gyrase inhibition due to its diversity. The fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin and moxifloxacin have been listed in class A drugs for treating MDR. Gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin also proved its efficacy against MDR TB and MDR enteric fever in adults, whereas nemonoxacin can induce anti-MDR activity of other antibiotics already suggested by studies. Though fluoroquinolones already proved its effectiveness against gyrase, other molecules viz., benzothiazinone, phenyl pyrrolamide, substituted oxadiazoles, triazolopyrimidine, arylbenzothiazole, coumarinyl amino alcohols and ciprofloxacin uracil, can inhibit the target more precisely. The structure-activity-relationships of the different scaffolds along with their synthetic strategies have been deciphered in the current review. Also, the naturally occurring compounds along with their extraction procedure have also been highlighted as potent DNA gyrase inhibitors. In addition to fluoroquinolone, the natural compounds novobiocin and simocyclinone could also inhibit the gyrase, impressively which has been designed with the gyrase structure for better understanding. Herein, ongoing clinical development of some novel drugs possessing triazaacenaphthylenes, spiropyrimidinetriones, and oxazolidinone-quinolone hybrids have been highlighted which could further assist the future generation antibiotic development corroborating gyrase as a potential target against MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Pakeeraiah
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Suvadeep Mal
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Monalisa Mahapatra
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Suman Kumar Mekap
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of technology and management, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
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Piplani P, Kumar A, Kulshreshtha A, Vohra T, Piplani V. Recent Development of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: An Update. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1001-1030. [PMID: 37909434 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264264230921080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat that occurs when bacterial or fungal infections do not respond to the drug regimen designed to treat these infections. As a result, these microbes are not evaded and continue to grow. Antibiotic resistance against natural and already-known antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Novobiocin can be overcome by developing an agent that can act in different ways. The success of agents like Zodiflodacin and Zenoxacin in clinical trials against DNA gyrase inhibitors that act on different sites of DNA gyrase has resulted in further exploration of this target. However, due to the emergence of bacterial resistance against these targets, there is a great need to design agents that can overcome this resistance and act with greater efficacy. This review provides information on the synthetic and natural DNA gyrase inhibitors that have been developed recently and their promising potential for combating antimicrobial resistance. The review also presents information on molecules that are in clinical trials and their current status. It also analysed the SAR studies and mechanisms of action of enlisted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Piplani
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Akanksha Kulshreshtha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Tamanna Vohra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Vritti Piplani
- Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, 173205, India
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Kashyap P, Verma S, Gupta P, Narang R, Lal S, Devgun M. Recent insights into antibacterial potential of benzothiazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-31. [PMID: 37362317 PMCID: PMC10226039 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide concern among infectious diseases due to increased mortality, morbidity and treatment cost. According to WHO 2019 report, among the 32 antibiotics in the clinical trials, only six were classified as innovative and containing novel moiety. The remaining antibiotics from this list contain previously known moiety (WHO AMR 2019). Therefore, the development of novel antibiotics to control resistance problems is crucial. Benzothiazole derivatives are of great interest due to their wide range of biological activities and medicinal applications. Reported data indicated that benzothiazole derivatives displayed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the dihydroorotase, DNA gyrase, uridine diphosphate-n-acetyl enol pyruvyl glucosamine reductase (MurB), peptide deformylase, aldose reductase, casdihydrofolate reductase, enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase, dialkylglycine decarboxylase, dehydrosqualene synthase, dihydropteroate synthase and tyrosine kinase. The present review analyzed the synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action studies of benzothiazole derivatives as antibacterial agents reported by various research groups in the last five years (2018-2022). Different patents on the antimicrobial activity of benzothiazole derivatives have also been summarized. The finding of the present review will be beneficial for the researchers in the development of novel antibacterial molecules based on benzothiazole moiety. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kashyap
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sangeeta Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sukhbir Lal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Manish Devgun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
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Qasem A, Assaggaf H, Mrabti HN, Minshawi F, Rajab BS, Attar AA, Alyamani RA, Hamed M, Mrabti NN, Baaboua AE, Omari NE, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Sheikh RA, Ming LC, Goh KW, Bouyahya A. Determination of Chemical Composition and Investigation of Biological Activities of Ocimum basilicum L. Molecules 2023; 28:614. [PMID: 36677672 PMCID: PMC9866482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum L., as well as to evaluate the antibacterial, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the EOs and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacterial strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, using the well diffusion and microdilution methods, whereas the antidiabetic activity was assessed in vitro using two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the other hand, the dermatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were studied by testing tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition activity, respectively. The results showed that the chemical composition of O. basilicum EO (OBEO) is dominated by methyl chavicol (86%) and trans-anethol (8%). OBEO exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, demonstrated by considerable diameters of the inhibition zones and lower MIC and MBC values. In addition, OBEO exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 50.51 ± 0.32 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 39.84 ± 1.2 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, OBEO significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 18.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 24.8 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Moreover, tyrosinase was considerably inhibited by OBEO (IC50 = 68.58 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 118.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The toxicological investigations revealed the safety of O. basilicum in acute and chronic toxicity. The finding of in silico analysis showed that methyl chavicol and trans-anethole (main compounds of OBEO) validate the pharmacokinetics of these compounds and decipher some antibacterial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 8359006 Lille, France
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodour S. Rajab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A. Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A. Alyamani
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal Naceiri Mrabti
- Engineering Materials, Modeling and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Adnan Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
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A Novel Class of Potent Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds with Antioxidant Activity, 2-(Substituted phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[ d]thiazoles: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071375. [PMID: 35883866 PMCID: PMC9311798 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds bearing a benzothiazole moiety were synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and evaluated for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The compound 4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (compound 1b) exhibited the highest tyrosinase activity inhibition, with an IC50 value of 0.2 ± 0.01 μM (a potency 55-fold greater than kojic acid). In silico results using mushroom tyrosinase and human tyrosinase showed that the 2,4-hydroxyl substituents on the phenyl ring of 1b played an important role in the inhibition of both tyrosinases. Kinetic studies on mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1b is a competitive inhibitor of monophenolase and diphenolase, and this was supported by docking results. In B16F10 murine melanoma cells, 1a and 1b dose-dependently and significantly inhibited melanin production intracellularly, and melanin release into medium more strongly than kojic acid, and these effects were attributed to the inhibition of cellular tyrosinase. Furthermore, the inhibition of melanin production by 1b was found to be partially due to the inhibition of tyrosinase glycosylation and the suppression of melanogenesis-associated genes. Compound 1c, which has a catechol group, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ROS, DPPH, and ABTS, and 1b also had strong ROS and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These results suggest that 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzothiazole derivatives are promising anti-tyrosinase lead compounds with potent antioxidant effects.
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Novel antimicrobial ciprofloxacin-pyridinium quaternary ammonium salts with improved physicochemical properties and DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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El-Meguid EAA, Moustafa GO, Awad HM, Zaki ER, Nossier ES. Novel benzothiazole hybrids targeting EGFR: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Alegaon SG, U V, Alagawadi KR, Kumar D, Kavalapure RS, Ranade SD, Priya A S, Jalalpure SS. Synthesis, molecular docking and ADME studies of thiazole-thiazolidinedione hybrids as antimicrobial agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6211-6227. [PMID: 33538239 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1880479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
New thiazole-thiazolidinedione hybrids (5a-k) were efficiently synthesized and evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against four fungal and bacterial strains. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral data. Most of the synthesized compounds were sensitive against gram positive, gram negative bacterial and fungal strains. Among the synthesized molecules, compounds 5h, and 5i exhibited promising inhibitory activity against all selected fungal strains and gram positive bacteria namely, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The molecular docking results predicted that the thiazole-thiazolidinedione derivatives bind to the active site protein ATP-binding pocket from E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans with good interaction energy scores. Ct-DNA was used to evaluate the binding interactions of the selected compounds by means of absorption spectroscopy. To further characterize the drug-likeness and ADME properties were calculated using the Qikprop, the result of present study suggests that thiazole-thiazolidinedione hybrid could be an interesting approach for the design of new antimicrobial agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar G Alegaon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatasubramanian U
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - K R Alagawadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine (NITM-ICMR), Belagavi, Karnataka India
| | - Rohini S Kavalapure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shriram D Ranade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Soundarya Priya A
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.,Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Fu Q, Zhang R, Qiu H, Ma R, Ma Y. A New Method for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles Oxidized by Selectfluor. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ma R, Ding Y, Chen R, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma Y. Oxidant/Solvent-Controlled I 2-Catalyzed Domino Annulation for Selective Synthesis of 2-Aroylbenzothiazoles and 2-Arylbenzothiazoles under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 86:310-321. [PMID: 33332126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and practical domino protocol for the selective synthesis of 2-aroylbenzothiazoles and 2-aryl benzothiazoles catalyzed by I2 is developed under metal-free conditions. The reaction outcomes are exclusively controlled by the reaction oxidant/medium. With DMSO employed as both the solvent and the oxidant, an oxidation of aromatic methyl ketones takes precedence over the condensation with 2-aminobenzenethiols. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out in PhNO2 or in 1,4-dioxane containing PhNO2, the condensation of aromatic methyl ketones with 2-aminobenzenethiols has priority to form imines which is followed by an oxidation of the methyl group from ketones to afford 2-arylbenzothiazoles as a sole product. The PhNO2/I2 co-catalytic system is proposed first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yuxin Ding
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
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Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Teli P, Soni J, Agarwal S. Current advances in the synthetic strategies of 2-arylbenzothiazole. Mol Divers 2020; 26:513-553. [PMID: 33180241 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is a privileged scaffold in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Its derivatives and metal complexes possess a gamut of pharmacological properties and high degree of structural diversity that has proven it vital for the investigation for novel therapeutics. The 2nd position of benzothiazole is the most active site that makes 2-arylbenzothiazole as felicitous scaffolds in pharmaceutical chemistry. The extensive significance of benzo-fused heterocyclic moieties formation has led to broad and valuable different approaches for their synthesis. This review deals with the synthetic approaches developed so far for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. Moreover, this article abridges the publications devoted to the synthesis of this moiety over the last 6 years. This study gives a current precis of research on the fabrication of 2-arylbenzothiazoles through different synthetic pathways and shall be helpful for researchers and scientists who are working in this field to make more potent biologically active benzothiazole-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India.
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Abd El-Meguid EA, El Kerdawy AM, Mahmoud AEE, Ali MM. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of novel 2-arylbenzothiazole multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900340. [PMID: 32045054 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-arylbenzothiazoles 9, 10, and 12 were designed and synthesized as VEGFR-2/FGFR-1/PDGFR-β multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Structural elongation of the known 2-phenylbenzothiazole scaffold (type I protein kinase inhibitor [PKI]), was carried out to afford series of type II PKIs 9, 10, and 12. Compounds 9d, 9f, 9i, and 9k exhibited potent multikinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, and 0.13 μM, respectively, against VEGFR-2; IC50 values of 0.28, 0.37, 0.19, and 0.27 μM, respectively, against FGFR-1; and IC50 values of 0.07, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.14 μM, respectively, against PDGFR-β. Moreover, the synthesized benzothiazoles demonstrated promising cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line. The most potent benzothiazoles 9d and 9i exhibited IC50 values of 7.83 and 6.58 μM, respectively, on the MCF-7 cell line in comparison to sorafenib (III), which showed IC50 = 4.33 μM. Additionally, 9d and 9i showed VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity in MCF-7 cells of 81% and 83% when compared with sorafenib (III), which showed 88% inhibition. Molecular docking of the designed compounds in the VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1 active sites showed the accommodation of the 2-phenylbenzothiazole moiety, as reported, in the hinge region of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-binding site, while the amide moiety is involved in hydrogen bond interactions with the key amino acids in the gate area; this in turn directs the aryl group to the hydrophobic allosteric back pocket of the RTKs in a type II-like binding mode. The synthesized benzothiazoles showed satisfactory ADME properties for further optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer E E Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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