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Drakontaeidi A, Papanotas I, Pontiki E. Multitarget Pharmacology of Sulfur-Nitrogen Heterocycles: Anticancer and Antioxidant Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:898. [PMID: 39199144 PMCID: PMC11351258 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and oxidative stress are interrelated, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) playing crucial roles in physiological processes and oncogenesis. Excessive ROS levels can induce DNA damage, leading to cancer, and disrupt antioxidant defenses, contributing to diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Antioxidant mechanisms include enzymes and small molecules that mitigate ROS damage. However, cancer cells often exploit oxidative conditions to evade apoptosis and promote tumor growth. Antioxidant therapy has shown mixed results, with timing and cancer-type influencing outcomes. Multifunctional drugs targeting multiple pathways offer a promising approach, reducing side effects and improving efficacy. Recent research focuses on sulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives for their dual antioxidant and anticancer properties, potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy in oncology. The newly synthesized compounds often do not demonstrate both antioxidant and anticancer properties simultaneously. Heterocyclic rings are typically combined with phenyl groups, where hydroxy substitutions enhance antioxidant activity. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing substituents, particularly at the p-position on the phenyl ring, tend to enhance anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.D.); (I.P.)
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2
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Xu X, Zhu Z, Chen S, Fu Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Xu Z, Xi Y, Wang X, Ye F, Chen H, Yang X. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzothiazole derivatives as potential anticancer and antiinflammatory agents. Front Chem 2024; 12:1384301. [PMID: 38562527 PMCID: PMC10982501 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1384301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer, a significant global health concern, necessitates innovative treatments. The pivotal role of chronic inflammation in cancer development underscores the urgency for novel therapeutic strategies. Benzothiazole derivatives exhibit promise due to their distinctive structures and broad spectrum of biological effects. This study aims to explore new anti-tumor small molecule drugs that simultaneously anti-inflammatory and anticancer based on the advantages of benzothiazole frameworks. Methods: The compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for structure as well as purity and other related physicochemical properties. The effects of the compounds on the proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431) and human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299) were evaluated by MTT method. The effect of compounds on the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse monocyte macrophages (RAW264.7) was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of compounds on apoptosis and cell cycle of A431 and A549 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The effect of compounds on A431 and A549 cell migration was evaluated by scratch wound healing assay. The effect of compounds on protein expression levels in A431 and A549 cells was assessed by Western Blot assay. The physicochemical parameters, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity and drug similarity of the active compound were predicted using Swiss ADME and admetSAR web servers. Results: Twenty-five novel benzothiazole compounds were designed and synthesized, with their structures confirmed through spectrogram verification. The active compound 6-chloro-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine (compound B7) was screened through a series of bioactivity assessments, which significantly inhibited the proliferation of A431, A549 and H1299 cancer cells, decreased the activity of IL-6 and TNF-α, and hindered cell migration. In addition, at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 μM, B7 exhibited apoptosis-promoting and cell cycle-arresting effects similar to those of the lead compound 7-chloro-N-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl) benzo[d] thiazole-2-amine (compound 4i). Western blot analysis confirmed that B7 inhibited both AKT and ERK signaling pathways in A431 and A549 cells. The prediction results of ADMET indicated that B7 had good drug properties. Discussion: This study has innovatively developed a series of benzothiazole derivatives, with a focus on compound B7 due to its notable dual anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. B7 stands out for its ability to significantly reduce cancer cell proliferation in A431, A549, and H1299 cell lines and lower the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. These results position B7B7 as a promising candidate for dual-action cancer therapy. The study's mechanistic exploration, highlighting B7's simultaneous inhibition of the AKT and ERK pathways, offers a novel strategy for addressing both the survival mechanisms of tumor cells and the inflammatory milieu facilitating cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaojingtao Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanneng Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouyang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Xi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Faqing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yang
- Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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Al-Sanea MM, Hamdi A, Mohamed AAB, El-Shafey HW, Moustafa M, Elgazar AA, Eldehna WM, Ur Rahman H, Parambi DGT, Elbargisy RM, Selim S, Bukhari SNA, Magdy Hendawy O, Tawfik SS. New benzothiazole hybrids as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and in silico study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166036. [PMID: 36691927 PMCID: PMC9879182 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 2-aminobenzothiazole hybrids linked to thiazolidine-2,4-dione 4a-e, 1,3,4-thiadiazole aryl urea 6a-d, and cyanothiouracil moieties 8a-d was synthesised. The in vitro antitumor effect of the new hybrids was assessed against three cancer cell lines, namely, HCT-116, HEPG-2, and MCF-7 using Sorafenib (SOR) as a standard drug. Among the tested compounds, 4a was the most potent showing IC50 of 5.61, 7.92, and 3.84 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 4e and 8a proved to have strong impact on breast cancer cell line with IC50 of 6.11 and 10.86 µM, respectively. The three compounds showed a good safety profile towards normal WI-38 cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the three compounds in MCF-7 cells revealed that compounds 4a and 4c inhibited cell population in the S phase, whereas 8a inhibited the population in the G1/S phase. The most promising compounds were subjected to a VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay where 4a emerged as the best active inhibitor of VEGFR-2 with IC50 91 nM, compared to 53 nM for SOR. In silico analysis showed that the three new hybrids succeeded to link to the active site like the co-crystallized inhibitor SOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia,CONTACT Mohammad M. Al-Sanea Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Hamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. B. Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,Ahmed A. B. Mohamed Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Hamed W. El-Shafey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hidayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della G. T. Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M. Elbargisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia Magdy Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Racané L, Zlatić K, Cindrić M, Mehić E, Karminski-Zamola G, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Malić SR, Stojković MR, Kralj M, Hranjec M. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-Benzo[b]thienyl and 2-Bithienyl Amidino-Substituted Benzothiazole and Benzimidazole Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300261. [PMID: 37376962 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel benzo[b]thienyl- and 2,2'-bithienyl-derived benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles were synthesized to study their antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal activities in vitro. Specifically, we assessed the impact that amidine group substitutions and the type of thiophene backbone have on biological activity. In general, the benzothiazole derivatives were more active than their benzimidazole analogs as both antiproliferative and antitrypanosomal agents. The 2,2'-bithienyl-substituted benzothiazoles with unsubstituted and 2-imidazolinyl amidine showed the most potent antitrypanosomal activity, and the greatest selectivity was observed for the benzimidazole derivatives bearing isopropyl, unsubstituted and 2-imidazolinyl amidine. The 2,2'-bithiophene derivatives showed most selective antiproliferative activity. Whereas the all 2,2'-bithienyl-substituted benzothiazoles were selectively active against lung carcinoma, the benzimidazoles were selective against cervical carcinoma cells. The compounds with an unsubstituted amidine group also produced strong antiproliferative effects. The more pronounced antiproliferative activity of the benzothiazole derivatives was attributed to different cytotoxicity mechanisms. Cell cycle analysis, and DNA binding experiments provide evidence that the benzimidazoles target DNA, whereas the benzothiazoles have a different cellular target because they are localized in the cytoplasm and do not interact with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Zlatić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Cindrić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emina Mehić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Grace Karminski-Zamola
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Silvana Raić Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Brkić AL, Supina A, Čapeta D, Dončević L, Ptiček L, Mandić Š, Racané L, Delač I. Influence of Solvents and Adsorption of Organic Molecules on the Properties of CVD Synthesized 2D MoS 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2115. [PMID: 37513127 PMCID: PMC10383348 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method for modification of 2D materials by drop-casting of the organic molecule in solution on the 2D material under ambient conditions. Specifically, we investigated the adsorption of 6-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2-yl)-2-(naphthalene-2-yl)benzothiazole methanesulfonate (L63MS) organic molecule on 2D MoS2. To better understand the effect of the organic molecule on the 2D material, we also investigated the impact of solvents alone on the materials' properties. The MoS2 samples were synthesized using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. Atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical microscopy were used to characterize the samples. The measurements were performed after synthesis, after the drop-casting of solvents and after the drop-casting of organic molecule solutions. Our results indicate that the used organic molecule effectively adsorbs on and prompts discernible changes in the (opto)electronic properties of the 2D material. These changes encompass variations in the Raman spectra shape, alterations in the photoluminescence (PL) signal characteristics and modifications in excitonic properties. Such alterations can be linked to various phenomena including doping, bandgap modifications, introduction or healing of defects and that the solvent plays a crucial role in the process. Our study provides insights into the modification of 2D materials under ambient conditions and highlights the importance of solvent selection in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antun Lovro Brkić
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.B.)
- Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonio Supina
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.B.)
- Department Physics, Mechanics and Electrical Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Davor Čapeta
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.B.)
| | - Lucija Dončević
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Ptiček
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šimun Mandić
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.B.)
| | - Livio Racané
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ida Delač
- Center for Advanced Laser Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.B.)
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6
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Kashyap P, Verma S, Gupta P, Narang R, Lal S, Devgun M. Recent insights into antibacterial potential of benzothiazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-31. [PMID: 37362317 PMCID: PMC10226039 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide concern among infectious diseases due to increased mortality, morbidity and treatment cost. According to WHO 2019 report, among the 32 antibiotics in the clinical trials, only six were classified as innovative and containing novel moiety. The remaining antibiotics from this list contain previously known moiety (WHO AMR 2019). Therefore, the development of novel antibiotics to control resistance problems is crucial. Benzothiazole derivatives are of great interest due to their wide range of biological activities and medicinal applications. Reported data indicated that benzothiazole derivatives displayed antibacterial activity by inhibiting the dihydroorotase, DNA gyrase, uridine diphosphate-n-acetyl enol pyruvyl glucosamine reductase (MurB), peptide deformylase, aldose reductase, casdihydrofolate reductase, enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase, dialkylglycine decarboxylase, dehydrosqualene synthase, dihydropteroate synthase and tyrosine kinase. The present review analyzed the synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and mechanism of action studies of benzothiazole derivatives as antibacterial agents reported by various research groups in the last five years (2018-2022). Different patents on the antimicrobial activity of benzothiazole derivatives have also been summarized. The finding of the present review will be beneficial for the researchers in the development of novel antibacterial molecules based on benzothiazole moiety. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kashyap
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sangeeta Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Sukhbir Lal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
| | - Manish Devgun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 India
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7
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Rodphon W, Jaithum K, Linkhum S, Thongsornkleeb C, Tummatorn J, Ruchirawat S. Synthesis of Naphtho[2,3- d]oxazoles via Ag(I) Acid-Mediated Oxazole-Benzannulation of ortho-Alkynylamidoarylketones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 35786915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A cascade oxazole-benzannulation for the synthesis of naphtho[2,3-d]oxazoles has been developed employing ortho-alkynylamidoarylketones as substrates. This procedure provides the advantage of preparing a wide variety of substituents on naphtho[2,3-d]oxazole structures. In addition, o-alkynylamidoarylketones could be prepared from easily accessible and a wide variety of commercially available starting materials. Therefore, this method is a judicious choice of strategy to synthesize naphtho[2,3-d]oxazoles with a great variety of substituents. In this work, 27 examples were demonstrated to provide the desired products in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warabhorn Rodphon
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Jaithum
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Sutida Linkhum
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Sciences, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, OPS, MHESI, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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8
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Karimi B, Mobaraki A, Mirzaei HM, Vali H. Control of selectivity in the preparation of 2-substituted benzoazoles by adjusting the surface hydrophobicity in two solid-based sulfonic acid catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1692-1703. [PMID: 36734617 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of metal-free tandem reactions for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important 2-substituted benzoazoles from isothiocyanates and 2-aminothiophenol under catalyst-free conditions in the presence of Et-PMO-Me-PrSO3H (1a) and SBA-15-PrSO3H (1b) as solid acids were carried out in a highly selective way under solvent free conditions. A significant selectivity changeover toward either 2-mercaptobenzoxazole or 2-aminobenzoazole derivatives could be achieved by changing the employed catalyst from the relatively hydrophobic material 1a to the more hydrophilic catalyst 1b. This simple experimental procedure with a novel selective approach toward benzoazoles accompanied by green and reusable catalysts could be considered as an alternative to the existing methods for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzoazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran. .,Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Akbar Mobaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran. .,Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Hamid M Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Anatomy and Cell Biology and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, 3450 University St, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A7, Canada
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9
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Shahzad Shirazi M, Moridi Farimani M, Foroumadi A, Ghanemi K, Benaglia M, Makvandi P. Bioengineered synthesis of phytochemical-adorned green silver oxide (Ag 2O) nanoparticles via Mentha pulegium and Ficus carica extracts with high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21509. [PMID: 36513776 PMCID: PMC9748139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver oxide nanoparticles have various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. However, conventional nanofabrication of Ag2O is associated with the use of toxic chemicals and organic solvents. To circumvent this hurdle, herein silver oxide quantum dots (Ag2O-QDs) were synthesized quickly (3 min) via the use of ultrasonic irradiation and plant-extract. Additionally, due to ultrasonic irradiation's effect on cell-wall destruction and augmentation of extraction efficiency, ultrasonic was also used in the preparation of Mentha pulegium and Ficus carica extracts (10 min, r.t) as natural eco-friendly reducing/capping agents. The UV-Vis result indicated a broad absorption peak at 400-500 nm. TEM/SEM analysis showed that ultrasound introduced a uniform spherical particle and significantly reduced particle size compared to the conventional heating method (∼ 9 nm vs. ∼ 100 nm). Silver and oxygen elements were found in the bio-synthesized Ag2O by EDS. The FTIR and phenol/flavonoid tests revealed the presence of phenol and flavonoid associated with the nanoparticles. Moreover, nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant/antibacterial/antifungal activities. The MIC and MBC results showed the Ag2O QDs synthesized with M. pulegium extract have the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (MBC = MIC:15.6 ppm), which were significantly different from uncoated nanoparticles (MBC = MIC:500 ppm). The data reflects the role of phyto-synthesized Ag2O-QDs using ultrasonic-irradiation to develop versatile and green biomedical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahzad Shirazi
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- grid.412502.00000 0001 0686 4748Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Ghanemi
- grid.484402.e0000 0004 0440 6745Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa Italy
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10
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Rep Kaulić V, Racané L, Leventić M, Šubarić D, Rastija V, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, Antiproliferative Evaluation and QSAR Analysis of Novel Halogen- and Amidino-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzimidazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415843. [PMID: 36555479 PMCID: PMC9785280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of 6-halogen-substituted benzothiazoles were performed by condensation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and 2-aminotiophenoles and subsequent O-alkylation with appropriate halides, whereas 6-amidino-substituted benzothiazoles were synthesized by condensation of 5-amidino-2-aminothiophenoles and corresponding benzaldehydes. While most of the compounds from non-substituted and halogen-substituted benzothiazole series showed marginal antiproliferative activity on tested tumor cell lines, amidino benzazoles exhibited stronger inhibitory activity. Generally, imidazolyl benzothiazoles showed pronounced and nonselective activity, with the exception of 36c which had a strong inhibitory effect on HuT78 cells (IC50 = 1.6 µM) without adverse cytotoxicity on normal BJ cells (IC50 >100 µM). Compared to benzothiazoles, benzimidazole structural analogs 45a−45c and 46c containing the 1,2,3-triazole ring exhibited pronounced and selective antiproliferative activity against HuT78 cells with IC50 < 10 µM. Moreover, compounds 45c and 46c containing the methoxy group at the phenoxy unit were not toxic to normal BJ cells. Of all the tested compounds, benzimidazole 45a with the unsubstituted phenoxy central core showed the most pronounced cell growth inhibition on THP1 cells in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.8 µM; SI = 70). QSAR models of antiproliferative activity for benzazoles on T-cell lymphoma (HuT78) and non-tumor MDCK-1 cells elucidated the effects of the substituents at position 6 of benzazoles, demonstrating their dependence on the topological and spatial distribution of atomic mass, polarizability, and van der Waals volumes. A notable cell cycle perturbation with higher accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, and a significant cell increase in subG0/G1 phase were found in HuT78 cells treated with 36c, 42c, 45a−45c and 46c. Apoptotic morphological changes, an externalization of phosphatidylserine, and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential of treated cells were observed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rep Kaulić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Leventić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šubarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.G.-O.); (S.R.-M.)
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11
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Haroun M. Review on the Developments of Benzothiazole-containing Antimicrobial Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2630-2659. [PMID: 36503470 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221207161752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The infectious diseases caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics constitute an increasing threat to human health on a global scale. An increasing number of infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, salmonellosis and gonorrhea, are becoming progressively challenging to cure owing to the ineffectiveness of current clinically used antibiotics and presents a serious health threat worldwide in medical community. The major concern of this global health threat is the ability of microorganisms to develop one or several mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, making them inefficient to therapeutic treatment. The quest for discovering novel scaffold with antimicrobial property is particularly in great need to face future challenges in hospital and healthcare settings. Hence, the development of benzothiazoles is of considerable interest to medicinal chemists. Benzothiazole, being part of an important class of heterocyclic scaffold retains a wide spectrum of various attractive pharmacological activities. Antibiotic resistance represents an increasing burden comprising medical cost, hospital stay and mortality. Several derivatives containing a benzothiazole scaffold, reported in the literature, were found to display remarkable potencies towards diverse Grampositive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The principal focus concerns the antibacterial potential of benzothiazole-based derivatives as antimicrobial agents interacting with targets in bacterial pathogens. In this review, we also disclose the significance of the benzothiazole moiety in the discovery of new antibacterial compounds, the potential of benzothiazole-based derivatives in the case of resistant bacterial strains, optimization of their antibacterial activity, and their future perspectives. The structure-activity relationship study and the mode of action of the title derivatives are highlighted too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Al-Jorani KR, Abbood AF, Ali AA, Kadhim MM, Hamdan SD. Synthesis, characterizations, and computational studies of new tetrasubstituted imidazole containing a benzothiazole moiety. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Mohamed KS, Elbialy EE, Fadda AA. Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Comprising Benzothiazole Moiety and Their Antimicrobial Evaluations. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1947332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Mohamed
- Engineering Chemistry Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Engy E. Elbialy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Fadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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A Novel Class of Potent Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds with Antioxidant Activity, 2-(Substituted phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[ d]thiazoles: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071375. [PMID: 35883866 PMCID: PMC9311798 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen compounds bearing a benzothiazole moiety were synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and evaluated for mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The compound 4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (compound 1b) exhibited the highest tyrosinase activity inhibition, with an IC50 value of 0.2 ± 0.01 μM (a potency 55-fold greater than kojic acid). In silico results using mushroom tyrosinase and human tyrosinase showed that the 2,4-hydroxyl substituents on the phenyl ring of 1b played an important role in the inhibition of both tyrosinases. Kinetic studies on mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1b is a competitive inhibitor of monophenolase and diphenolase, and this was supported by docking results. In B16F10 murine melanoma cells, 1a and 1b dose-dependently and significantly inhibited melanin production intracellularly, and melanin release into medium more strongly than kojic acid, and these effects were attributed to the inhibition of cellular tyrosinase. Furthermore, the inhibition of melanin production by 1b was found to be partially due to the inhibition of tyrosinase glycosylation and the suppression of melanogenesis-associated genes. Compound 1c, which has a catechol group, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ROS, DPPH, and ABTS, and 1b also had strong ROS and ABTS radical scavenging activities. These results suggest that 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzothiazole derivatives are promising anti-tyrosinase lead compounds with potent antioxidant effects.
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15
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Shainyan BA, Zhilitskaya LV, Yarosh NO. Synthetic Approaches to Biologically Active C-2-Substituted Benzothiazoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082598. [PMID: 35458794 PMCID: PMC9027766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benzothiazole derivatives are used in organic synthesis, in various industrial and consumer products, and in drugs, with a wide spectrum of biological activity. As the properties of the benzothiazole moiety are strongly affected by the nature and position of substitutions, in this review, covering the literature from 2016, we focus on C-2-substituted benzothiazoles, including the methods of their synthesis, structural modification, reaction mechanisms, and possible pharmacological activity. The synthetic approaches to these heterocycles include both traditional multistep reactions and one-pot atom economy processes using green chemistry principles and easily available reagents. Special attention is paid to the methods of the thiazole ring closure and chemical modification by the introduction of pharmacophore groups.
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16
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Singh I, Luxami V, Choudhury D, Paul K. Synthesis and photobiological applications of naphthalimide-benzothiazole conjugates: cytotoxicity and topoisomerase IIα inhibition. RSC Adv 2021; 12:483-497. [PMID: 35424470 PMCID: PMC8694140 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugates of naphthalimide, benzothiazole, and indole moieties are synthesized that show excellent cytotoxicity against A549 (lung), MCF7 (breast), and HeLa (cervix) cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.14–8.59 μM. Compounds 12 and 13 substituted with ethanolamine and propargyl groups reveal potent cytotoxicity towards A549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 140 and 310 nM, respectively. These compounds are further evaluated as potent inhibitors of human type IIα topoisomerase. These conjugates also reveal strong interaction towards human serum albumin (HSA) with binding constant values of 1.75 × 105 M−1 and 1.88 × 105 M−1, respectively, and formation of the stable complex at ground state with static quenching. Docking studies also confirm the effective interactions between conjugates and topoisomerase. Conjugates of naphthalimide, benzothiazole, and indole moieties are synthesized that show excellent cytotoxicity against A549 (lung), MCF7 (breast), and HeLa (cervix) cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.14–8.59 μM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqubal Singh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147001 India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147001 India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147001 India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala-147001 India
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17
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Heteroaryl-Ethylenes as New Lead Compounds in the Fight against High Priority Bacterial Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091034. [PMID: 34572616 PMCID: PMC8466554 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to a gradual increase in drug-resistant bacterial infections, which severely weakens the clinical efficacy of antibacterial therapies. In recent decades, stilbenes aroused great interest because of their high bioavailability, as well as their manifold biological activity. Our research efforts are focused on synthetic heteroaromatic stilbene derivatives as they represent a potentially new type of antibiotic with a wide antibacterial spectrum. Herein, a preliminary molecular modeling study and a versatile synthetic scheme allowed us to define eight heteroaromatic stilbene derivatives with potential antimicrobial activity. In order to evaluate our compound’s activity spectrum and antibacterial ability, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests have been performed on Gram-positive and Gram-negative ATCC strains. Compounds PB4, PB5, PB7, and PB8 showed the best values in terms of MIC and were also evaluated for MBC, which was found to be greater than MIC, confirming a bacteriostatic activity. For all compounds, we evaluated toxicity on colon-rectal adenocarcinoma cells tumor cells (CaCo2), once it was established that the whole selected set was more active than 5-Fluorouracil in reducing CaCo-2 cells viability. To the best of our knowledge, the biological assays have shown for these derivatives an excellent bacteriostatic activity, compared to similar molecular structures previously reported, thus paving the way for a new class of antibiotic compounds.
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18
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Racané L, Zlatar I, Perin N, Cindrić M, Radovanović V, Banjanac M, Shanmugam S, Stojković MR, Brajša K, Hranjec M. Biological Activity of Newly Synthesized Benzimidazole and Benzothizole 2,5-Disubstituted Furane Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164935. [PMID: 34443523 PMCID: PMC8401404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly designed and synthesized cyano, amidino and acrylonitrile 2,5-disubstituted furane derivatives with either benzimidazole/benzothiazole nuclei have been evaluated for antitumor and antimicrobial activity. For potential antitumor activity, the compounds were tested in 2D and 3D cell culture methods on three human lung cancer cell lines, A549, HCC827 and NCI-H358, with MTS cytotoxicity and BrdU proliferation assays in vitro. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 15 have been proven to be compounds with potential antitumor activity with high potential to stop the proliferation of cells. In general, benzothiazole derivatives were more active in comparison to benzimidazole derivatives. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with Broth microdilution testing (according to CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines) on Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included in testing as a eukaryotic model organism. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 15 showed the most promising antibacterial activity. In general, the compounds showed antitumor activity, higher in 2D assays in comparison with 3D assays, on all three cell lines in both assays. In natural conditions, compounds with such an activity profile (less toxic but still effective against tumor growth) could be promising new antitumor drugs. Some of the tested compounds showed antimicrobial activity. In contrast to ctDNA, the presence of nitro group or chlorine in selected furane-benzothiazole structures did not influence the binding mode with AT-DNA. All compounds dominantly bound inside the minor groove of AT-DNA either in form of monomers or dimer and higher-order aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivo Zlatar
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Nataša Perin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maja Cindrić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Vedrana Radovanović
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihailo Banjanac
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Suresh Shanmugam
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Karmen Brajša
- Pharmacology In Vitro, Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Z.); (V.R.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.H.); Tel.: +385-1-4597245 (M.H.)
| | - Marijana Hranjec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (M.H.); Tel.: +385-1-4597245 (M.H.)
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19
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1,3,4-Oxadiazole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Recent developments, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Ptiček L, Hok L, Grbčić P, Topić F, Cetina M, Rissanen K, Pavelić SK, Vianello R, Racané L. Amidino substituted 2-aminophenols: biologically important building blocks for the amidino-functionalization of 2-substituted benzoxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2784-2793. [PMID: 33704342 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the closely related and widely investigated amidino-substituted benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles with a range of demonstrated biological activities, the matching benzoxazole analogues still remain a largely understudied and not systematically evaluated class of compounds. To address this challenge, we utilized the Pinner reaction to convert isomeric cyano-substituted 2-aminophenols into their amidine derivatives, which were isolated as hydrochlorides and/or zwitterions, and whose structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The key step during the Pinner synthesis of the crucial carboximidate intermediates was characterized through mechanistic DFT calculations, with the obtained kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicating full agreement with the experimental observations. The obtained amidines were subjected to a condensation reaction with aryl carboxylic acids that allowed the synthesis of a new library of 5- and 6-amidino substituted 2-arylbenzoxazoles. Their antiproliferative features against four human tumour cell lines (SW620, HepG2, CFPAC-1, HeLa) revealed sub-micromolar activities on SW620 for several cyclic amidino 2-naphthyl benzoxazoles, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed synthetic strategy and promoting amidino substituted 2-aminophenols as important building blocks towards biologically active systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Ptiček
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Adeleke AA, Zamisa SJ, Islam MS, Olofinsan K, Salau VF, Mocktar C, Omondi B. Quinoline Functionalized Schiff Base Silver (I) Complexes: Interactions with Biomolecules and In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051205. [PMID: 33668169 PMCID: PMC7956476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fifteen silver (I) quinoline complexes Q1-Q15 have been synthesized and studied for their biological activities. Q1-Q15 were synthesized from the reactions of quinolinyl Schiff base derivatives L1-L5 (obtained by condensing 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde with various aniline derivatives) with AgNO3, AgClO4 and AgCF3SO3. Q1-Q15 were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and the structures of [Ag(L1)2]NO3Q1, [Ag(L1)2]ClO4Q6, [Ag(L2)2]ClO4Q7, [Ag(L2)2]CF3SO3Q12 and [Ag(L4)2]CF3SO3Q14 were unequivocally determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro antimicrobial tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed the influence of structure and anion on the complexes' moderate to excellent antibacterial activity. In vitro antioxidant activities of the complexes showed their good radical scavenging activity in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Complexes with the fluorine substituent or the thiophene or benzothiazole moieties are more potent with IC50 between 0.95 and 2.22 mg/mL than the standard used, ascorbic acid (2.68 mg/mL). The compounds showed a strong binding affinity with calf thymus-DNA via an intercalation mode and protein through a static quenching mechanism. Cytotoxicity activity was examined against three carcinoma cell lines (HELA, MDA-MB231, and SHSY5Y). [Ag(L2)2]ClO4Q7 with a benzothiazole moiety and [Ag(L4)2]ClO4Q9 with a methyl substituent had excellent cytotoxicity against HELA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola A. Adeleke
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye 120107, Nigeria
| | - Sizwe J. Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville 4001, South Africa;
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (M.S.I.); (K.O.); (V.F.S.)
| | - Kolawole Olofinsan
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (M.S.I.); (K.O.); (V.F.S.)
| | - Veronica F. Salau
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (M.S.I.); (K.O.); (V.F.S.)
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Pipaliya BV, Seth K, Chakraborti AK. Ruthenium (II) Catalyzed C(sp 2 )-H Bond Alkenylation of 2-Arylbenzo[d]oxazole and 2-Arylbenzo[d]thiazole with Unactivated Olefins. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:87-96. [PMID: 33230945 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of the bio-relevant heterocycles 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazole and 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazole has been achieved through Ru(II)-catalyzed alkenylation with unactivated olefins leading to selective formation of the mono-alkenylated products. This approach has a broad substrate scope with respect to the coupling partners, affords high yields, and works for gram scale synthesis using a readily available Ru-based catalyst. Mechanistic studies reveal a C-H activation pathway for the dehydrogenative coupling leading to the alkenylation. However, the results of the ESI-MS-guided deuterium kinetic isotope effect studies indicate that the C-H activation stage may not be the rate-determining step of the reaction. The use of a radical scavenging agent such as TEMPO did not show any detrimental effect on the reaction outcome, eliminating the possibility of the involvement of a free-radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin V Pipaliya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.,Department of Chemistry, S. S. Bhatnagar Building, Main Campus, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
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23
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Fu Q, Zhang R, Qiu H, Ma R, Ma Y. A New Method for the Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles Oxidized by Selectfluor. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Ma R, Ding Y, Chen R, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma Y. Oxidant/Solvent-Controlled I 2-Catalyzed Domino Annulation for Selective Synthesis of 2-Aroylbenzothiazoles and 2-Arylbenzothiazoles under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 86:310-321. [PMID: 33332126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and practical domino protocol for the selective synthesis of 2-aroylbenzothiazoles and 2-aryl benzothiazoles catalyzed by I2 is developed under metal-free conditions. The reaction outcomes are exclusively controlled by the reaction oxidant/medium. With DMSO employed as both the solvent and the oxidant, an oxidation of aromatic methyl ketones takes precedence over the condensation with 2-aminobenzenethiols. On the other hand, when the reaction was carried out in PhNO2 or in 1,4-dioxane containing PhNO2, the condensation of aromatic methyl ketones with 2-aminobenzenethiols has priority to form imines which is followed by an oxidation of the methyl group from ketones to afford 2-arylbenzothiazoles as a sole product. The PhNO2/I2 co-catalytic system is proposed first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yuxin Ding
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P R China
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25
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Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Teli P, Soni J, Agarwal S. Current advances in the synthetic strategies of 2-arylbenzothiazole. Mol Divers 2020; 26:513-553. [PMID: 33180241 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is a privileged scaffold in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Its derivatives and metal complexes possess a gamut of pharmacological properties and high degree of structural diversity that has proven it vital for the investigation for novel therapeutics. The 2nd position of benzothiazole is the most active site that makes 2-arylbenzothiazole as felicitous scaffolds in pharmaceutical chemistry. The extensive significance of benzo-fused heterocyclic moieties formation has led to broad and valuable different approaches for their synthesis. This review deals with the synthetic approaches developed so far for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. Moreover, this article abridges the publications devoted to the synthesis of this moiety over the last 6 years. This study gives a current precis of research on the fabrication of 2-arylbenzothiazoles through different synthetic pathways and shall be helpful for researchers and scientists who are working in this field to make more potent biologically active benzothiazole-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India.
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26
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Singh M, Vaishali, Paul AK, Singh V. Isatin as a 2-aminobenzaldehyde surrogate: transition metal-free efficient synthesis of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4459-4469. [PMID: 32490470 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal-free, convenient, and efficient practical approach has been devised for the synthesis of substituted 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles via a sulfur insertion strategy using isatin derivatives as 2-aminobenzaldehyde surrogates. KI assisted one-pot operation of isatin, arylamines and elemental sulfur resulted in the formation of a C-N and two C-S bonds and cascade cleavage of the isatin ring resulting in the formation of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. The significant features of this strategy are the readily available and inexpensive starting materials, broad substrate scope, sustainable reaction conditions and high yield of products. Importantly, the strategy was found to be appropriate for gram scale synthesis (>10 g) of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives. Moreover, the excellent photophysical properties (ΦF up to 60%) of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives provide huge scope in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
| | - Vaishali
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India. and Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India. virender.singh.cup.edu.in
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27
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Zheng XJ, Li CS, Cui MY, Song ZW, Bai XQ, Liang CW, Wang HY, Zhang TY. Synthesis, biological evaluation of benzothiazole derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety as potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127237. [PMID: 32386981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty benzothiazole derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Among these compounds, 8h and 8l were appeared to have high radical scavenging efficacies as 0.05 ± 0.02 and 0.07 ± 0.03 mmol/L of IC50 values in ABTS+ bioassay, respectively. In anti-inflammatory tests, compound 8h displayed good activity with 57.35% inhibition after intraperitoneal administration, which was more potent than the reference drug (indomethacin). Molecular modeling studies were performed to investigate the binding mode of the representative compound 8h into COX-2 enzyme. In vitro enzyme study implied that compound 8h exerted its anti-inflammatory activity through COX-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jing Zheng
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, PR China
| | - Chun-Shi Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116000, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Cui
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116000, PR China
| | - Ze-Wen Song
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, PR China
| | - Xue-Qian Bai
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China
| | - Cheng-Wu Liang
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China.
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China.
| | - Tian-Yi Zhang
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin Province 132013, PR China.
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