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Yang Y, Guo T, Huang F, Zheng H, Li W, Yuan H, Xie Q, Hussain N, Wang W, Jian Y. α-Glucosidase inhibitory flavonol glycosides from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja and their kinetics characteristics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 225:114195. [PMID: 38925355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed flavonol glycosides including four rare flavonol glycoside cyclodimers, dicyclopaliosides A-C (1-3) with truxinate type and dicyclopalioside D (4) with truxillate type, as well as three kaempferol glycoside derivatives cyclopaliosides A-C (5-7), were obtained from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and chemical analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory α-glucosidase activities. Among them, compounds 1-4 display strong inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 82.76 ± 1.41, 62.70 ± 4.00, 443.35 ± 16.48, and 6.31 ± 0.88 nM, respectively, while compounds 5-7 showed moderate activities with IC50 values of 4.91 ± 0.75, 3.64 ± 0.68, and 5.32 ± 0.53 μΜ, respectively. The structure-activity relationship analysis assumed that the cyclobutane cores likely contribute to the enhancement of α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of dimers. Also, the interaction mechanism between flavonol glycoside dimers and α-glucosidase were explored by the enzyme kinetic assay, indicating that compounds 1-3 exhibited mixed-type inhibition, while 4 showed uncompetitive inhibition. Additionally, the active compounds have also undergone molecular docking evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingsi Guo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Feibing Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zheng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchu Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Nusrat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan Skardu, Skardu, 16100, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People's Republic of China.
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Li YL, Liu F, Zhao LY, Li HX, Jumai A, Xu ZF, Qiu SX. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory constituents from the roots of Ampelopsis japonica. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38635344 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2341308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided purification of the xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory extract of the roots of Ampelopsis japonica resulted in the isolation of two new triterpenoids (1-2), designated Ampejaponoside A and B, along with sixteen known compounds (3-18). The structures of Ampejaposide A and B were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data with the structures of the known compounds 3-18 confirmed by comparison the spectral data with corresponding values reported in literatures. All the isolates were evaluated for their XOD inhibitory activity in vitro. As a result, compounds 2, 8, and 14-16 displayed significant XOD inhibitory effect, particularly 16 being the most potent with an IC50 value of 0.21 μM, superior to positive substance allopurinol (IC50 1.95 μM). Molecular docking uncovered a unique interaction mode of 16 with the active site of XOD. The current study showed that the triterpenoids and polyphenols from A. japonica could serve as new lead compounds with the potential to speed up the development of novel XOD inhibitors with clinical potential to treat hyperuricaemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aikebaier Jumai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Nguyen DK, Liu TW, Hsu SJ, Huynh QDT, Thi Duong TL, Chu MH, Wang YH, Vo TH, Lee CK. Xanthine oxidase inhibition study of isolated secondary metabolites from Dolichandrone spathacea (Bignoniaceae): In vitro and in silico approach. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101980. [PMID: 38439949 PMCID: PMC10909772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) has been widely recognized as a pivotal enzyme in developing hyperuricemia, primarily contributing to the excessive production of uric acid during purine metabolism in the liver. One of the standard treatment approaches involves reducing uric acid levels by inhibiting XO activity. In this study, the leaf extract of Dolichandrone spathacea, traditionally used in folk medicine, was found to inhibit XO activity in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, their values were 78.57 ± 3.85 % (IC50 = 55.93 ± 5.73 µg/ml) and 69.43 ± 8.68 % (IC50 = 70.17 ± 7.98 µg/ml), respectively. The potential XO inhibitory components were isolated by bioactivity assays and the HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra system. The main constituents of leaf extracts of Dolichandrone spathacea, six compounds, namely trans-4-methoxycinnamic acid (3), trans-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (4), p-coumaric acid (5), martynoside (6), 6-O-(p-methoxy-E-cinnamoyl)-ajugol (7), and scolymoside (17), were identified as potent XO inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 19.34 ± 1.63 μM to 64.50 ± 0.94 μM. The enzyme kinetics indicated that compounds 3-5, 7, and 17 displayed competitive inhibition like allopurinol, while compound 6 displayed a mixed-type inhibition. Computational studies corroborated these experimental results, highlighting the interactions between potential metabolites and XO enzyme. The hydrogen bonds played crucial roles in the binding interaction, especially, scolymoside (17) forms a hydrogen bond with Mos3004, exhibited the lowest binding energy (-18.3286 kcal/mol) corresponding to the lowest IC50 (19.34 ± 1.63 μM). Furthermore, nine compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. In conclusion, Dolichandrone spathacea and its constituents possess the potential to modulate the xanthine oxidase enzyme involved in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Khoa Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jung Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Quoc-Dung Tran Huynh
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Truc-Ly Thi Duong
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hsiu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Han Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Hoa Vo
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Kumar N, Kaur K, Kaur N, Singh E, Bedi PMS. Pathology, target discovery, and the evolution of XO inhibitors from the first discovery to recent advances (2020-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107042. [PMID: 38118298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disease characterized by elevation of serum uric acid level beyond 6 mg/dL. This elevation led to appearance of symptoms from joint pain to gout and from gout to difficulty in mobility of the patient. So, in this review, we have summarized the pathology of hyperuricemia, discovery of target and discovery of first XO inhibitor. At last, this review provides in-sights about the recently discovered as natural XO inhibitors, followed by design, structure activity relationship and biological activity of synthetic compounds as XO inhibitors discovered between 2020 and 2023 years. At last, the pharmacophores generated in this study will guide new researchers to design and modify the structure of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Liu Y. Recent status of sesaminol and its glucosides: Synthesis, metabolism, and biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12043-12056. [PMID: 35821660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sesamum indicum is a major and important oilseed crop that is believed to promote human health in many countries, especially in China. Sesame seeds contain two types of lignans: lipid-soluble lignans and water-soluble glucosylated lignans. The major glucosylated lignans are sesaminol glucosides (SGs). So far, four sesaminol isomers and four SGs are identified. During the naturally occurring process of SGs production, sesaminol is generated first from two molecules of E-coniferyl alcohol, and then the sugar is added to the sesaminol one by one, leading to production of SGs. Sesaminol can be prepared from SGs, from sesamolin, and through artificial synthesis. SGs are metabolized in the liver and intestine and are then transported to other tissues. They exhibit several biological activities, most of which are based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we present an overview of the current status of research on sesaminol and SGs. We have also discussed their synthesis, preparation, metabolism, and biological activities. It has been suggested that sesaminol and SGs are important biological substances with strong antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo and are widely used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetic products. The recovery and utilization of SGs from sesame seed cake after oil processing will generate massive economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Gui R, Wang YK, Wu JP, Deng GM, Cheng F, Zeng HL, Zeng PH, Long HP, Zhang W, Wei XF, Wang WX, Zhu GZ, Ren WQ, Chen ZH, He XA, Xu KP. Cyclocarya paliurus leaves alleviate hyperuricemic nephropathy via modulation of purine metabolism, antiinflammation, and antifibrosis. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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7
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Meng W, Lin S, Ouyang K, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wang W. Screening and Inhibition Mechanism of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Ethanolic Extracts of Chimonanthus salicifolius Hu Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200480. [PMID: 36929603 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of the ethanol elutions of Chimonanthus salicifolius Hu leaves (CsHL) against xanthine oxidase (XO). The results of XO inhibition assay and enzymatic superoxide free radical scavenging assay in vitro showed that 70 % ethanol eluate (EE) had the best inhibitory effect and followed by 40 % EE. High performance liquid chromatograph analysis showed that quercetin and kaempferol were the potential active components of XO inhibition. The inhibition mechanism of quercetin and kaempferol on XO was investigated by kinetic analysis and fluorescence quenching titration assay. The molecular simulation further revealed that quercetin and kaempferol bind to XO mainly by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals, blocking the entry of substrates and leading to the inhibition of XO. In conclusion, the CsHL have inhibitory effects on XO activity, which provides a theoretical basis for relieving or preventing hyperuricemia and gout as a natural food or medicinal plant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Meng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Suyun Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Liu Y, Zhang XX, Xu SS, Fang SY, Zhu LP, Song Z, Shang XL, Fang SZ, Pan K, Cao XL, Yin ZQ. New triterpenoids from the Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja and their anti-fibrotic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113434. [PMID: 36169036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus, a Chinese herbal medicine and new food resource, contains a triterpenic-acid-rich extract that demonstrated ameliorative effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). A more in-depth discovery of functional components led to the isolation of seven new triterpenoids including two pentacyclic triterpenes, 1α,2α,3β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid and 2α,3β,22α-tirhydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and five tetracyclic triterpenoid glycosides (cypaliurusides N-R), together with twelve known compounds from the leaves of C. paliurus. Their structures were determined using a comprehensive analysis of chemical and spectroscopic data. Partial compounds were assessed for anti-fibrotic activities in high-glucose and TGF-β1 induced HK-2 cells. Compound 16 remarkably decreased the level of fibronectin with an inhibition rate of 37.1%. Furthermore, 16 effectively alleviated the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) process by upregulating E-cadherin expression and downregulating α-SMA expression, and it significantly decreased the level of the transcriptional inhibitors (Snail and Twist) of E-cadherin. The discovery of anti-fibrotic compounds from C. paliurus provides the potential utilization and functional candidates for the DN prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Su-Su Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, China
| | - Si-Yang Fang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Zhu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zhe Song
- Instrumental Analysis Center of CPU, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xu-Lan Shang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Sheng-Zuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Ke Pan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Wang YY, Lu SJ, Gui R, Wu JP, Li J, He XA, Zhang W, Deng GM, Wang WX, Long HP, Wei XF, Zeng GY, Zhang N, Zang SM, Yao Y, Chen ZH, Fei C, Wang YK, Xu KP. Hepatic lipidomics and proteomics analysis reveals the mechanism of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids in preventing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Li Y, Xi H, Feng L, Liang L, Yang T, Mao X, Wang Y. Nontargeted metabolomics coupled with multivariate modelling techniques for discrimination of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Ijinskaja leaves from different geographic altitudes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3270-3279. [PMID: 35975735 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Altitude-associated nutrition-compositional evaluation is critical for quality control and value determination of plants. Herein, an exploratory study was applied to investigate the differences in the metabolites of Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) leaves from different altitudes (200-1000 m) using a UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics method, employed to create models for discrimination of CP leaves. On the one hand, 70 metabolites exhibiting significant distinctions within various components in different altitude environments were detected and identified, of which majority showed a close connection. High altitude environments with a decrease in temperature accompanied by enhanced UV-B radiation significantly influenced the profile of flavonoids and organic acids. On the other hand, the PLS-DA model (R2 = 0.994 and Q2 = 0.990) with the VIP variable selection method and P-value were selected to characterize fifteen potential differential metabolites. Moreover, the DD-SIMCA model involving the above-mentioned differential compounds showed both good specificity and accuracy of 100%. These results provide guidance for the discrimination of CP leaves from different geographic altitudes, which may be extended to improve the growing conditions of CP leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huiting Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lu Liang
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Tianming Yang
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xuejin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
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Protective effects of Cyclocarya paliurus on hyperuricemia and urate-induced inflammation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Chen Z, Jian Y, Wu Q, Wu J, Sheng W, Jiang S, Shehla N, Aman S, Wang W. Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja: Botany, Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114912. [PMID: 34906638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja (C. paliurus) also known as Sweet tea tree, Money tree, Money willow, green money plum, mountain willow and shanhua tree, is a native rare monocotyledonous plant in Southern China. It possesses numerous traditional benefits, including clearing heat, detoxification, producing saliva, slake thirst, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, dispelling wind and relieving itching. It is also effective in preventing and treating diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dizziness and swelling and pain, as well as reducing cholesterol, and modulating the functions of the immune system. The stem, leaves and bark of this plant are all medicinal parts, but the leaves have the highest research value. AIM OF THE STUDY This article summarized the plant's botanical description, distribution, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical profiles and pharmacological for the first time, to provide possible directions for future development and research in brief. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature for this current manuscript was obtained from reports published from 1992 to May 2021 in diverse databases such as the China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier and Pub-Med. The domestic and foreign references published about C. paliurus over recent years were collected, analyzed and summarized. RESULTS The botanical characteristics of the fruits of C. paliurus are unique in having a central nutlet surrounded by a circular wing to distinguish the living genera of Juglandaceae. In traditional medicine, C. paliurus leaves are used by the local people of Southern China to make tea to prevent diabetes. More than 210 compounds have been isolated from C. paliurus. Among them, the characteristic 3,4-seco-dammaranes accounted for the most. Other compounds include dammarane tetracyclic triterpenoids, various pentacyclic triterpenoids, flavonoids, isosclerones, phenolic derivatives and polysaccharides. The plant extracts and compounds have been reported to exert various pharmacological activities, such as anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, cytotoxic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial activities. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive literature analysis shows that C. paliurus extract and its compounds have a variety of biological activities for the treatment of various diseases. The current modern pharmacology research is mostly related to the records of ethnic pharmacology, mainly in vitro research, relatively few in vivo research. Therefore, future studies should focus on this aspect. In addition, we also would like to recommend further research should concentrate on toxicity studies and quality control of C. paliurus to fill the study gap, as well as to provide theoretical support for the further development of the potential functions and clinical applications of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuliang Chen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qian Wu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Jia Wu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Wenbing Sheng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Nuzhat Shehla
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Aman
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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13
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3 β,23-Dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic Acid Isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus Alleviates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Gout via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-Dependent Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5541232. [PMID: 35047046 PMCID: PMC8763513 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5541232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gout is regarded as a painful inflammatory arthritis induced by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft tissues. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production plays a crucial role in the pathological process of gout. Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) tea was found to have an effect on reducing the blood uric acid level of people with hyperuricemia and gout. However, its medicinal ingredients and mechanism for the treatment of gout are still unclear. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of the active triterpenoids isolated from C. paliurus on gout and explore the underlying mechanism. The results showed that compound 2 (3β,23-dihydroxy-12-ene-28-ursolic acid) from C. paliurus significantly decreased the protein expression of IL-1β, caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, and NLRP3. Furthermore, the production of ROS in the intracellular was reduced after compound 2 treatment. However, ROS agonist rotenone remarkably reversed the inhibitory effect of compound 2 on the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, the expression level of LC3 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were increased, but the expression level of p62 was suppressed by compound 2 whereas an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of compound 2 on the generation of ROS and the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, compound 2 could ameliorate the expression ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR. Interestingly, mTOR activator MHY-1485 could block the promotion effect of compound 2 on autophagy regulation and inhibitory effect of compound 2 on induction of ROS and IL-1β. In conclusion, these findings suggested that compound 2 may effectively improve NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated gout via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-dependent autophagy and could be further investigated as a potential agent against gout.
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Silva RG, Martins G, Nucci LB, Granero F, Figueiredo CM, Santiago P, Silva L. Antiglycation, antioxidant, antiacne, and photoprotective activities of crude extracts and triterpene saponin fraction of Sapindus saponaria L. fruits: An in vitro study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.354430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Zhu LP, Yang HM, Zheng X, Zheng GT, Jiang CH, Zhang J, Yin ZQ. Four new dammarane triterpenoid glycosides from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and their SIRT1 activation activities. Fitoterapia 2021; 154:105003. [PMID: 34333032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new C-11 monosaccharide attached dammarane triterpenoid glycosides cypaliurusides SV (1-4), along with nine known dammarane triterpenoid glycosides (5-13) were isolated from a CHCl3-soluble extract of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. All characterized compounds were assayed for their cytotoxicities against HepG2 cells and 10 compounds were evaluated for the agonistic effects on sirtuin1 (SIRT1). The results showed that compounds 1, 5 and 6 were strongly cytotoxic in HepG2 cell line. Two dammarane triterpenoid glycosides 3 and 10 exhibited agonistic activities on SIRT1 with IC50 of 10 μM and 20 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zhu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Guan-Tao Zheng
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Cui-Hua Jiang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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16
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Kim E, Kim YM, Ahn J, Chae HS, Chin YW, Kim J. Prenylated Flavonoid Glycosides with PCSK9 mRNA Expression Inhibitory Activity from the Aerial Parts of Epimedium koreanum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123590. [PMID: 34208231 PMCID: PMC8230864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum using the PCSK9 mRNA monitoring assay led to the identification of four previously undescribed acylated flavonoid glycosides and 18 known compounds. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS, and other chemical methods. All isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against PCSK9 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. Of the isolates, compounds 6, 7, 10, 15, and 17–22 were found to significantly inhibit PCSK9 mRNA expression. In particular, compound 7 was shown to increase LDLR mRNA expression. Thus, compound 7 may potentially increase LDL uptake and lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
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17
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Sun H, Zhu H, Wu J, Wang Y, Li G, Liu Y, Chang X, Ou S, Zha W, Chen H, Gui R, He X, Lu S, Shangguan D, Xu K. Two new triterpenoid glycosides from leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5277-5282. [PMID: 34034582 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1931182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dammarane glycosides (1-2) were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. The structures of new compounds were established by application of spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR, HRESIMS, and chemical hydrolysis. When evaluated against seven human cancer cell lines, the two compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Chang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Saiyu Ou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zha
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoai He
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Haikou Municipal People's Hospital and Central, South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Kangping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sheng X, Chen H, Wang J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Jin Z, Li J. Joint Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analysis of Flavonoids in Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9028-9038. [PMID: 33842773 PMCID: PMC8028134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of commonly occurring natural compounds in the plant kingdom with various biological activities. This study compares the content of flavonoids in Cyclocarya paliurus at different developmental stages to better inform the selection of the optimal picking period. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of C. paliurus at different developmental stages. The transcriptome analysis revealed 44 genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in C. paliurus, with 10 differentially expressed genes across the four different developmental stages. The metabolites were separated and identified by a combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry, followed by multi-reaction monitoring mode analysis of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for complete metabolite quantification. In the flavonoid synthesis pathway, a total of 137 differential flavonoids were detected. The joint transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that the expression trends in differential metabolites and genes were significantly related. Four MYB transcription factors and two bHLH transcription factors that are closely related to flavonoid biosynthesis were identified. The regulation network of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. paliurus was thus established, providing guidance for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Sheng
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Huanwei Chen
- Forest
Research Institute of Longquan City, Longquan 323700, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Zhejiang
Yuanyang Agriculture Development Company Ltd., Suicang 323000, China
| | - Yongli Zheng
- Zhejiang
Provincial Agricultural Products Quality Safety Center, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Yueling Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zexin Jin
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- , . Phone/Fax: +86 576 88660396
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Ma QG, Wei RR, Yang M, Huang XY, Wang F, Dong JH, Sang ZP. Isolation and characterization of neolignan derivatives with hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities from the fruits of Citrus medica L. var. Sarcodactylis Swingle. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104622. [PMID: 33454508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle is a functional food with rich nutrients and medicinal values because of its content of bioactive compounds. A bioactivity-guided chemical investigation from the fruits of C. medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle afforded three new benzodioxane neolignans (1-3), three new phenanthrofuran neolignan glycosides (4-6), two new biphenyl-ketone neolignans (7-8), two new 1',7'-bilignan neolignans (9-10), as well as fourteen known neolignan derivatives (11-24), which were isolated and characterized from the fruits of C. medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle for the first time. These neolignan derivatives were determined by extensive and comprehensive analyzing NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR spectral data and compared with the data described in the literature. Among them, compounds 1-3 and 12-13 exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities to improve the survival rates of HepG2 cells from 46.26 ± 1.90% (APAP, 10 mM) to 67.23 ± 4.25%, 62.87 ± 4.43%, 60.06 ± 6.34%, 56.75 ± 2.30%, 58.35 ± 6.14%, respectively. Additionally, compounds 7-8 and 21-22 displayed moderate neuroprotective activities to raise the survival rates of PC12 cells from 55.30 ± 2.25% to 66.94 ± 3.37%, 70.98 ± 5.05%, 64.64 ± 1.93%, and 62.81 ± 4.11% at 10 μM, respectively. The plausible biogenetic pathway and preliminary structure-activity relationship of the selected compounds were scientifically summarized and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education& Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Rong-Rui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education& Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education& Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education& Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education& Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Jiang-Hong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Pei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
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