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Dash S, Rathi E, Kumar A, Chawla K, Joseph A, Kini SG. Structure-activity relationship mediated molecular insights of DprE1 inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6472-6522. [PMID: 37395797 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2230312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging threats of multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) tuberculosis led to the discovery of a novel target which was entitled Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1) enzyme. DprE1 is composed of two isoforms, decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose oxidase (DprE1) and decaprenylphosphoryl-D-2-keto erythro pentose reductase (DprE2). The enzymes, DprE1 and DprE2, regulate the two-step epimerization process to form DPA (Decaprenylphosphoryl arabinose) from DPX (Decaprenylphosphoryl-D-ribose), which is the sole precursor in the cell wall synthesis of arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Target-based and whole-cell-based screening played an imperative role in the identification of the druggable target, DprE1, whereas the druggability of the DprE2 enzyme is not proved yet. To date, diverse scaffolds of heterocyclic and aromatic ring systems have been reported as DprE1 inhibitors based on their interaction mode, i.e. covalent, and non-covalent inhibitors. This review describes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of reported covalent and non-covalent inhibitors to enlighten about the crucial pharmacophoric features required for DprE1 inhibition, along with in-silico studies which characterize the amino acid residues responsible for covalent and non-covalent interactions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekta Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suvarna G Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Mc Gill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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2
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Verma A, Naik B, Kumar V, Mishra S, Choudhary M, Khan JM, Gupta AK, Pandey P, Rustagi S, Kakati B, Gupta S. Revolutionizing Tuberculosis Treatment: Uncovering New Drugs and Breakthrough Inhibitors to Combat Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2369-2385. [PMID: 37944023 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health threat that causes significant mortality. This review explores chemotherapeutics that target essential processes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell wall formation, energy metabolism, and proteolysis. We emphasize the need for new drugs to treat drug-resistant strains and shorten the treatment duration. Emerging targets and promising inhibitors were identified by examining the intricate biology of TB. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the search for anti-TB drugs with a focus on newly validated targets and inhibitors. We aimed to contribute to efforts to combat TB and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Verma
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India
| | - Megha Choudhary
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchur 788011, Assam, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, UCALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Barnali Kakati
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, U.K., India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
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Wang A, Du N, Song H, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Wu J, Xue T, Liu M, Wang B, Lv K, Lu Y. Design, synthesis and antitubercular activity of novel N-(amino)piperazinyl benzothiazinones with improved safety. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115545. [PMID: 37300914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a major global health problem and new therapeutic antitubercular agents are urgent needed. Among the novel antituberculosis drugs in the pipeline, Benzothiazinones (BTZs) are among the most potent antituberculosis agents against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. Our group has focused on structural modifications of the side chain at C-2 position of the BTZ core and WAP-2101/2102 with excellent in vitro activity were discovered in our lab. However, the severe in vivo toxicity was observed during subsequent acute toxicity evaluation. Herein, a series of novel N-(amino)piperazinyl benzothiazinone derivatives were designed and synthesized as new anti-TB agents to reduce the in vivo toxicity. Our results show that majority of them exhibit the same potent or comparable activity against both MTB H37Rv and MDR-MTB strains (MIC: 4.00 - <1 ng/mL) as PBTZ169. Especially, compound 2c with low cardiac toxicity, low cell cytotoxicity and acceptable oral pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles have low acute toxicity in mice (LD50 > 500 mg/kg), suggesting it may serve as a promising lead compound for further antitubercular drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Na Du
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuehao Zhang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xijun Zhong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jizhou Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tiezheng Xue
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital College of Pharmacy, Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China.
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Design, synthesis and anti-TB and anti-bacterial activity of Ciprofloxacin derivatives containing N-(amino)piperazine moieties. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Amado PM, Woodley C, Cristiano MLS, O’Neill PM. Recent Advances of DprE1 Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Computational Analysis of Physicochemical and ADMET Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40659-40681. [PMID: 36406587 PMCID: PMC9670723 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1) is a critical flavoenzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, catalyzing a vital step in the production of lipoarabinomannan and arabinogalactan, both of which are essential for cell wall biosynthesis. Due to its periplasmic localization, DprE1 is a susceptible target, and several compounds with diverse scaffolds have been discovered that inhibit this enzyme, covalently or noncovalently. We evaluated a total of ∼1519 DprE1 inhibitors disclosed in the literature from 2009 to April 2022 by performing an in-depth analysis of physicochemical descriptors and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), to gain new insights into these properties in DprE1 inhibitors. Several molecular properties that should facilitate the design and optimization of future DprE1 inhibitors are described, allowing for the development of improved analogues targeting M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia
S. M. Amado
- Center
of Marine Sciences - CCMAR, University of
Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FCT, University
of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Woodley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria L. S. Cristiano
- Center
of Marine Sciences - CCMAR, University of
Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FCT, University
of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal
- Email
for M.L.S.C.:
| | - Paul M. O’Neill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Email for P.M.O.:
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Sahoo SK, Gajula SNR, Ahmad MN, Kaul G, Nanduri S, Sonti R, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Yaddanapudi VM. Bioevaluation of quinoline-4-carbonyl derivatives of piperazinyl-benzothiazinones as promising antimycobacterial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200168. [PMID: 35876343 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The quinoline moiety remains a privileged antitubercular (anti-TB) pharmacophore, whereas 8-nitrobenzothiazinones are emerging potent antimycobacterial agents with two investigational candidates in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we report the synthesis and bioevaluation of 30 piperazinyl-benzothiazinone-based quinoline hybrids as prospective anti-TB agents. Preliminary evaluation revealed 24/30 compounds exhibiting substantial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.06-1 µg/ml) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. Cytotoxicity analysis against Vero cells found these to be devoid of any significant toxicity, with the majority displaying a selectivity index of >80. Furthermore, potent nontoxic compounds, when screened against clinical isolates of drug-resistant Mtb strains, demonstrated equipotent inhibition with MIC values of 0.03-0.25 µg/ml. A time-kill study identified a lead compound exhibiting concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, with 10× MIC completely eliminating Mtb bacilli within 7 days. Along with acceptable aqueous solubility and microsomal stability, the optimum active compounds of the series manifested all desirable traits of a promising antimycobacterial candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Siva N R Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad N Ahmad
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Biological Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Venkata M Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Romanelli MN, Manetti D, Braconi L, Dei S, Gabellini A, Teodori E. The piperazine scaffold for novel drug discovery efforts: the evidence to date. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:969-984. [PMID: 35848922 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION . Piperazine is a structural element present in drugs belonging to various chemical classes and used for numerous different therapeutic applications; it has been considered a privileged scaffold for drug design. AREAS COVERED The authors have searched examples of piperazine-containing compounds among drugs recently approved by the FDA, and in some research fields (nicotinic receptor modulators, compounds acting against cancer and bacterial multi-drug resistance), looking in particular to the design behind the insertion of this moiety. EXPERT OPINION Piperazine is widely used due to its peculiar characteristics, such as solubility, basicity, chemical reactivity, and conformational properties. This moiety has represented an important tool to modulate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Gabellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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8
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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