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Yang FF, Liu JJ, Xu XL, Hu T, Liu JQ, He ZX, Zhao GY, Wei B, Ma LY. Discovery of Novel Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-Based HDAC6 Inhibitors as an Anticarcinogen with a Cardioprotective Effect. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14345-14369. [PMID: 39102466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy has gradually become the major cause of death in cancer patients. The development of bifunctional drugs with both cardioprotective and antitumor effects has become the future direction. HDAC6 plays important roles in the progression, treatment, and prognosis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but bifunctional inhibitors have not been reported. Herein, structure-activity relationship studies driven by pharmacophore-based remodification and fragment-based design were performed to yield highly potent HDAC6 inhibitor I-c4 containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Importantly, I-c4 effectively suppressed the growth of MGC-803 xenografts in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the deacetylation pathway without causing myocardial damage after long-term administration. Meanwhile, I-c4 could mitigate severe myocardial damage against H2O2 or myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that the cardioprotective effect of I-c4 was associated with reduction of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, I-c4 may represent a novel lead compound for further development of an anticarcinogen with a cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhang-Xu He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- China Meheco Topfond Pharmaceutical Co.; Key Laboratory of Cardio-cerebrovascular Drug, Zhumadian 463000, China
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Gao X, Hu Z, Wang Y, Zhao G, Shen Y, Zhou H, Liao Y, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Metabolic Activation and Cytotoxicity of Gramine Mediated by CYP3A in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10897-10908. [PMID: 38691522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Gramine (GRM), which occurs in Gramineae plants, has been developed to be a biological insecticide. Exposure to GRM was reported to induce elevations of serum ALT and AST in rats, but the mechanisms of the observed hepatotoxicity have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to identify reactive metabolites that potentially participate in the toxicity. In rat liver microsomal incubations fortified with glutathione or N-acetylcysteine, one oxidative metabolite (M1), one glutathione conjugate (M2), and one N-acetylcysteine conjugate (M3) were detected after exposure to GRM. The corresponding conjugates were detected in the bile and urine of rats after GRM administration. CYP3A was the main enzyme mediating the metabolic activation of GRM. The detected GSH and NAC conjugates suggest that GRM was metabolized to a quinone imine intermediate. Both GRM and M1 showed significant toxicity to rat primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zixia Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Guode Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
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Babijczuk K, Berdzik N, Nowak D, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Starzyk J, Mrówczyńska L, Jasiewicz B. Novel C3-Methylene-Bridged Indole Derivatives with and without Substituents at N1: The Influence of Substituents on Their Hemolytic, Cytoprotective, and Antimicrobial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5364. [PMID: 38791402 PMCID: PMC11121452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural compounds useful as scaffolds for discovering new bioactive molecules. This study utilized alkaloid gramine to synthesize two groups of C3-substituted indole derivatives, which were either functionalized at N1 or not. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The protective effects of the new compounds against in vitro oxidative hemolysis induced by standard oxidant 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydro chloride (AAPH) on human erythrocytes as a cell model were investigated. Additionally, the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that most of the indole derivatives devoid of the N1 substitution exhibited strong cytoprotective properties. The docking studies supported the affinities of selected indole-based ligands as potential antioxidants. Furthermore, the derivatives obtained exhibited potent fungicidal properties. The structures of the eight derivatives possessing indole moiety bridged to the imidazole-, benzimidazole-, thiazole-, benzothiazole-, and 5-methylbenzothiazoline-2-thiones were determined by X-ray diffraction. The C=S bond lengths in the thioamide fragment pointed to the involvement of zwitterionic structures of varying contribution. The predominance of zwitterionic mesomers may explain the lack of cytoprotective properties, while steric effects, which limit multiple the hydrogen-bond acceptor properties of a thione sulfur, seem to be responsible for the high hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Babijczuk
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Natalia Berdzik
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Damian Nowak
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Justyna Starzyk
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Bioengineering, University of Life Science, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
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Guo H, Tian Y, Wu X, Tu L, Liu J, Zheng Y, Huang R. Efficient assembly and anti-tumor evaluation of novel polycyclic [1,2-a]-fused indoles. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107289. [PMID: 38493636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Structurally diverse cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles heterocycles were smoothly constructed in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) with excellent diastereoselectivities (>19:1 dr) through a novel and facile strategy based on BF3-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation/Aldol/Dehydrative cyclization cascade reaction. The anti-proliferative activity of these newly synthesized polycyclic indoles was screened, and all the functionalized reductive derivatives exhibited favorable anti-tumor activity. Notably, compound 4ae displayed the remarkable inhibitory activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cells with IC50 values of 4.62 μM and 7.71 μM, respectively. Mechanistically, the representative compound 4ae could effectively induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in crediting to up-regulate the relative expression of apoptotic protein BAX/Bcl-2, subsequently activate Pro-caspase 9 and cleave PARP, simultaneously block the cell cycle through down- and up-regulate the expression of cyclin B1 and p53, respectively. Moreover, compound 4ae also exhibited promising antineoplastic efficacy in subcutaneous MCF-7 xenograft mice which manifest significant shrunken tumors conspicuous nuclear apoptotic signal and minimal systemic toxicity. This strategy not only established a novel and efficient method for the assembly of structurally complex indole heterocycles, but also provided a series of compounds possessing attractive anti-cancer activity, which holds immense potential for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuqi Tian
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xing Wu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liang Tu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jikai Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Zheng
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Rong Huang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Xiao X, Huan Q, Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Li R, Wang M, Wang Z. Gramine sensitizes Klebsiella pneumoniae to tigecycline killing. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155421. [PMID: 38430819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of plasmid-mediated resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump gene cluster tmexCD1-toprJ1 and its related variants has been associated with heightened resistance to tigecycline, thus diminishing its effectiveness. In this study, we explored the potential of gramine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, as an innovative adjuvant to enhance the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae carrying tmexCD-toprJ-like gene clusters. METHODS The synergistic potential of gramine in combination with antibiotics against both planktonic and drug-tolerant multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales was evaluated using the checkerboard microbroth dilution technique and time-killing curve analyses. Afterwards, the proton motive force (PMF) of cell membrane, the function of efflux pump and the activity of antioxidant system were determined by fluorescence assay and RT-PCR. The intracellular accumulation of tigecycline was evaluated by HPLC-MS/MS. The respiration rate, bacterial ATP level and the NAD+/NADH ratio were investigated to reveal the metabolism state. Finally, the safety of gramine was assessed through hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity assays. Two animal infection models were used to evaluate the in vivo synergistic effect. RESULTS Gramine significantly potentiated tigecycline and ciprofloxacin activity against tmexCD1-toprJ1 and its variants-positive pathogens. Importantly, the synergistic activity was also observed against bacteria in special physiological states such as biofilms and persister cells. The mechanism study showed that gramine possesses the capability to augment tigecycline accumulation within cells by disrupting the proton motive force (PMF) and inhibiting the efflux pump functionality. In addition, the bacterial respiration rate, intracellular ATP level and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were promoted under the treatment of gramine. Notably, gramine effectively restored tigecycline activity in multiple animal infection models infected by tmexCD1-toprJ1 positive K. pneumoniae (RGF105-1). CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence of gramine's therapeutic potential as a novel tigecycline adjuvant for treating infections caused by K. pneumoniae carrying tmexCD-toprJ-like gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Quanmin Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanhu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mianzhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Dao L, Liu H, Xiu R, Yao T, Tong R, Xu L. Gramine improves sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by binding to NF-κB p105 and inhibiting its ubiquitination. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 125:155325. [PMID: 38295663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and its associated heart failure are among the leading causes of death. Gramine, a natural indole alkaloid, can be extracted from a wide variety of raw plants, and it exhibits therapeutic potential in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the effect of gramine on inflammatory cardiomyopathy, particularly sepsis-induced myocardial injury, remains an unexplored area. PURPOSE To determine the role of gramine in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction and explore its underlying mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In mice, sepsis was established by intraperitoneally injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg). Subsequently, the effects of gramine administration (50 or 100 mg/kg) on LPS-triggered cardiac dysfunction in mice were investigated. For in vitro studies, isolated primary cardiomyocytes were used to assess the effect of gramine (25 or 50 µM) on LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, molecular docking, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analyzes were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Gramine visibly ameliorated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory response, and mortality in vivo. Moreover, it significantly alleviated LPS-induced apoptotic and inflammatory responses in vitro. Furthermore, target prediction for gramine using the SuperPred website indicated that the nuclear factor NF-κB p105 subunit was one of the molecules ranked in priority order with a high model accuracy and a high probability score. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that gramine effectively docked to the death domain of NF-κB p105. Mechanistic studies revealed that gramine suppressed the processing of NF-κB p105 to p50 by inhibiting NF-κB p105 ubiquitination. Additionally, the protective effect of gramine on cardiac injury was almost abolished by overexpressing NF-κB p105. CONCLUSION Gramine is a promising bioactive small molecule for treating sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, which acts by docking to NF-κB p105 and inhibiting NF-κB p105 ubiquitination, thus preventing its processing to NF-κB p50. Therefore, gramine holds potential as a clinical drug for treating myocardial depression during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ruizhen Xiu
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianbao Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Longwei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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Hui Z, Wen H, Zhu J, Deng H, Jiang X, Ye XY, Wang L, Xie T, Bai R. Discovery of plant-derived anti-tumor natural products: Potential leads for anti-tumor drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106957. [PMID: 37939507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural products represent a paramount source of novel drugs. Numerous plant-derived natural products have demonstrated potent anti-tumor properties, thereby garnering considerable interest in their potential as anti-tumor drugs. This review compiles an overview of 242 recently discovered natural products, spanning the period from 2018 to the present. These natural products, which include 69 terpenoids, 42 alkaloids, 39 flavonoids, 21 steroids, 14 phenylpropanoids, 5 quinolines and 52 other compounds, are characterized by their respective chemical structures, anti-tumor activities, and mechanisms of action. By providing an essential reference and fresh insights, this review aims to support and inspire researchers engaged in the fields of natural products and anti-tumor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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Zhang J, Jia Q, Li N, Gu L, Dan W, Dai J. Recent Developments of Gramine: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5695. [PMID: 37570664 PMCID: PMC10419902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural alkaloid gramine has attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial circles because of its potential and diverse biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities; application in therapy for Alzheimer's disease; serotonin-receptor-related activity; insecticidal activity; and application as an algicide. In this review, we focus on the research advances that have been made for gramine-based molecules since their discovery, providing key information on their extraction and separation, chemical synthesis and diverse biological activities. Data regarding their mechanisms of action are also presented. This comprehensive and critical review will serve as a guide for developing more drug candidates based on gramine skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qitao Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Na Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Liqiang Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Wenjia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jiangkun Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
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Xu L, Su Y, Yang X, Bai X, Wang Y, Zhuo C, Meng Z. Gramine protects against pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy through Runx1-TGFBR1 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154779. [PMID: 37023527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gramine, also named 3-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl) indole, is a indole alkaloid. It is mainly extracted from various natural raw plants. Despite being the simplest 3-aminomethylindole, Gramine has broad pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects, such as vasodilatation, antioxidation, mitochondrial bioenergetics-related effects, and angiogenesis via modulation of TGFβ signaling. However, there is little information available about Gramine's role in heart disease, especially pathological cardiac hypertrophy. PURPOSE To investigate Gramine's effect on pathological cardiac hypertrophy and clarify the mechanisms behind its action. METHODS In the in vitro experiment, Gramine (25 μM or 50 μM) was used to investigate its role in Angiotensin II-induced primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) hypertrophy. In the in vivo experiment, Gramine (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was administrated to investigate its role in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery mice. Additionally, we explored the mechanisms underlying these roles through Western blot, Real-time PCR, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation and molecular docking studies. RESULTS The in vitro data demonstrated that Gramine treatment obviously improved primary cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Angiotensin II, but had few effects on the activation of fibroblasts. The in vivo experiments indicated that Gramine significantly mitigated TAC-induced myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-related signaling pathway was enriched significantly and preferentially in Gramine-treated mice as opposed to vehicle-treated mice during pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, this cardio-protection of Gramine was found to mainly involved in TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1)- TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-p38 MAPK signal cascade. Further exploration showed that Gramine restrained the up-regulation of TGFBR1 by binding to Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1), thereby alleviating pathological cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Our findings provided a substantial body of evidence that Gramine possessed a potential druggability in pathological cardiac hypertrophy via suppressing the TGFBR1-TAK1-p38 MAPK signaling axis through interaction with transcription factor Runx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Chengui Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.
| | - Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Jasiewicz B, Babijczuk K, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Starzyk J, Cofta G, Mrówczyńska L. Indole Derivatives Bearing Imidazole, Benzothiazole-2-Thione or Benzoxazole-2-Thione Moieties-Synthesis, Structure and Evaluation of Their Cytoprotective, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Fungicidal Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020708. [PMID: 36677766 PMCID: PMC9867442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for new bioactive compounds, a methodology based on combining two molecules with biological properties into a new hybrid molecule was used to design and synthesize of a series of ten indole derivatives bearing imidazole, benzothiazole-2-thione, or benzoxazole-2-thione moieties at the C-3 position. The compounds were spectroscopically characterized and tested for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and fungicidal activities. The crystal structures were determined for five of them. Comparison of the closely related structures containing either benzothiazole-2-thione or benzoxazole-2-thione clearly shows that the replacement of -S- and -O- ring atoms modify molecular conformation in the crystal, changes intermolecular interactions, and has a severe impact on biological activity. The results indicate that indole-imidazole derivatives with alkyl substituent exhibit an excellent cytoprotective effect against AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis and act as effective ferrous ion chelating agents. The indole-imidazole compound with chlorine atoms inhibited the growth of fungal strains: Coriolus versicolor (Cv), Poria placenta (Pp), Coniophora puteana (Cp), and Gloeophyllum trabeum (Gt). The indole-imidazole derivatives showed the highest antibacterial activity, for which the largest growth-inhibition zones were noted in M. luteus and P. fluorescens cultures. The obtained results may be helpful in the development of selective indole derivatives as effective antioxidants and/or antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Karolina Babijczuk
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Starzyk
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Bioengineering, University of Life Science, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cofta
- Department of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Forest and Wood Technology, University of Life Science, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (L.M.)
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11
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Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activity studies of novel pyrido[3, 4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:129020. [PMID: 36216031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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Yang FF, Zhou JZ, Xu XL, Hu T, Liu JQ, Wu YX, Wei B, Ma LY. Discovery of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing a bisamide moiety as a novel class of potential cardioprotective agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114526. [PMID: 35716515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a nonnegligible problem in cardiovascular diseases and cancer therapy. The functional feature of N-containing heterocycles in the cardiovascular field has attracted much attention in recent years. Herein, we discovered a lead compound 12a containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole by extensive screening of anticancer derivatives containing nitrogen-heterocycle, which exhibited potential protective activity against oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Follow-up structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies also highlighted the role of substitution sites and bisamide moiety in enhancing the protective activity against oxidative stress. Specifically, compound 12d exhibited low cytotoxicity under high concentration and potent myocardial protection against oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed compound 12d could decrease the expression of cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress-related proteins/genes and reduce mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis, thereby enhancing the cell vitality of injured cardiomyocytes. In this study, 1,3,4-oxadiazole may represent a novel pharmacophore that possesses potential myocardial protection and provides more choices for future optimization of cardiovascular drugs, especially for the treatment of onco-cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xue-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Ya-Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; China Meheco Topfond Pharmaceutical Co., Zhumadian, 463000, PR China.
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