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Zhang C, Ding Q, Xia Z, Wang H, Jiang F, Lu Y. Novel Chalcone-Phenazine Hybrids Induced Ferroptosis in U87-MG Cells through Activating Ferritinophagy. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201117. [PMID: 36536551 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-seven novel chalcone-phenazine hybrid molecules (C1∼C13 and F1∼F24) with 1,2,3-triazole or ethyl group as linkers were designed and synthesized in this study. Some compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity against U87-MG cancer cell lines in vitro, in which compound C4 were found to have the best antiproliferative activity. SAR study indicated 1,2,3-triazole group may be crucial for enhancing compounds' cytotoxicity. C4 was verified to induce ferroptosis in U87-MG cells by transcription, lipid peroxidation, lipid ROS assays. Furthermore, C4 was up-regulated LC3-II, degradated FTH1, and then increasing iron resulted in the down-regulation of NCOA4. Together, all above evidences highlighted the potential of compound C4 that triggered ferroptosis by activating ferritinophagy against U87-MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qifan Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhuolu Xia
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hengyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Li Y, She W, Guo T, Huang T, Liu Y, Liu P, Xu X, Wang X, Wang M, Yu C, Liu Y, Wei Y. The organic arsenical-derived thioredoxin and glutathione system inhibitor ACZ2 induces apoptosis and autophagy in gastric cancer via ROS-dependent ER stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115404. [PMID: 36592709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel drugs for gastric cancer (GC) is greatly needed, and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-modulating strategy has been demonstrated to be useful for cancer treatment. However, no organic arsenical-derived ROS-modulating drug has been developed in GC. Here, we constructed ACZ2 and investigated its efficacy and potential mechanism for GC in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that ACZ2 could inhibit GC proliferation and cause G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, ACZ2 induced ROS accumulation by depleting glutathione (GSH) and TrxR1, triggering a subsequent ER stress response by activating the PERK/EIF2/ATF4/CHOP signalling pathways, which is a crucial step for ACZ2-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Vitally, ROS scavenger (NAC) and ER stress inhibitor (4PBA) reversed ACZ2/ROS/ER stress-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Our in vivo results clearly demonstrated that ACZ2 suppressed tumour growth in a GC xenograft model. Collectively, our data indicated that ACZ2 is a potential agent against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenyan She
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tangxi Guo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tianhe Huang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoran Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chaochao Yu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center & Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Liu J, Xu Y, Lu H, Wang R, Xia Z, Zhao C, Huang D, Jiang F, Chen W. Nanoaggregates of Disulfide-Decorated TrxR Inhibitor Promote Cellular Uptake, Selective Targeting, and Antitumor Efficacy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13955-13962. [PMID: 36377412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three self-assembled nanoaggregates (CPUL1-LA NAs, CPUL1-DA NAs, and CPUL1-AA NAs) were constructed through lipoic acid (LA), dithiodipropionic acid (DA), and adipic acid (AA) decorated TrxR inhibitor (CPUL1), respectively. Measurements of DLS, TEM, UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR, ITC, and MTT assays verified disulfide-containing CPUL1-LA NAs and CPUL1-DA NAs spontaneously assembled carrier-free nanoparticles in aqueous solution, which possessed high drug contents, excellent stability, improved cytotoxicity against HUH7 hepatoma cells, and potential biosafety because of low cytotoxicity against L02 normal cells. In contrast, disulfide-free CPUL1-AA NAs happened to aggregate and precipitate after 48 h, which showed distinct instability in aqueous solution. Thus, disulfide units seemed to be crucial for constructing controllable and stable nanoaggregates. While measuring the reduction of nanoaggregates by TrxR/NADPH and GSH/GR/NADPH, cyclic disulfide of LA and linear disulfide of DA were verified to endow the nanoaggregates with targeting ability to respond specifically to TrxR over GSH. Furthermore, by tests of flow cytometry, fluorescence images, and CLSM, both CPUL1-LA NAs and CPUL1-DA NAs displayed a faster cellular uptake characteristic to be internalized by cancer cells and could generate more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, resulting in significantly improved antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Youqiao Xu
- Department of Infection Control, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhuolu Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Changshun Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Khalaj M. The Preparation of a Library of Fused Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds Catalyzed by Zn 2SnO 4 Nanoparticles. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran
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Ding Q, Wang H, Wang Y, Lu Y. A thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor pyrano [3,2-a] phenazine inhibits A549 cells proliferation and migration through the induction of reactive oxygen species production. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8835-8845. [PMID: 35780225 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor, pyrano [3,2-a] phenazine, named CPUL-1, was synthesized with potential anticancer activity. The aim of the present work was to explore the potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic ability of CPUL-1 against A549 cancer cell lines in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS First, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to assess cell proliferation. The A549 cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Second, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in A549 cells treated with CPUL-1 were analyzed by western blot methods. Then, TrxR1 enzyme activity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were conducted to evaluate the effect of CPUL-1 on TrxR1 inhibition and ROS levels. Finally, western blotting was used to explore the mechanism of CPUL-1. The study results revealed that the ability of cell proliferation and migration was decreased under CPUL-1 treatment. CPUL-1 could distinctly restrain the migration and invasion of A549 cells through inhibiting EMT process. The results of TrxR1 enzyme activity assay, ROS assay and western blotting showed that CPUL-1 influenced EMT via inducing ROS-mediated ERK/JNK signaling by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Together, proliferation suppression and anti-metastasis activity of CPUL-1 in A549 cells were demonstrated by all the evidence. Our findings highlight the great potential of phenazine compound CPUL-1 to suppress A549 cells proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Ding
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hengyu Wang
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Singh H, Agrawal DK. Recent advances in the development of active hybrid molecules in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 62:116706. [PMID: 35364524 PMCID: PMC9018605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial nature of the underlying pathophysiology of chronic disorders hinders in the effective treatment and management of many complex diseases. The conventional targeted therapies have limited applications due to highly complicated disease etiology. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of many of the CVDs due to their complex pathophysiology and co-morbidities. Their management with conventional medications results in failure due to adverse drug reactions and clinical specificity of solo-targeting drug therapy. Therefore, it is critical to introduce an alternative strategy to treat multi-factorial diseases. In the past few years, discovery and use of multi-targeted drug therapy with hybrid molecules have shown promising results with minimal side effects, and thus considered a most effective approach. In this review article, prominent hybrid molecules combining with different active moieties are reported to synergistically and simultaneously block different pathways involved in CVDs. Here, we provide a critical evaluation and discussion on their pharmacology with mechanistic insights and the structure activity relationship. The timely information provided in this article reveals the recent trends of molecular hybridization to the scientific community interested in CVDs and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeting drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harbinder Singh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Rozga-Wijas K, Bak-Sypien I, Turecka K, Narajczyk M, Waleron K. Cationic Phenosafranin Photosensitizers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes for Inactivation of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413373. [PMID: 34948170 PMCID: PMC8708100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high photodynamic effect of the Newman strain of the S. aureus and of clinical strains of S. aureus MRSA 12673 and E. coli 12519 are observed for new cationic light-activated phenosafranin polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) conjugates in vitro. Killing of bacteria was achieved at low concentrations of silsesquioxanes (0.38 µM) after light irradiation (λem. max = 522 nm, 10.6 mW/cm2) for 5 min. Water-soluble POSS-photosensitizers are synthesized by chemically coupling a phenosafranin dye (PSF) (3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazine chloride) to an inorganic silsesquioxane cage activated by attachment of succinic anhydride rings. The chemical structure of conjugates is confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, HRMS, IR, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-VIS analyzes. The APDI and daunorubicin (DAU) synergy is investigated for POSSPSFDAU conjugates. Confocal microscopy experiments indicate a site of intracellular accumulation of the POSSPSF, whereas iBuPOSSPSF and POSSPSFDAU accumulate in the cell wall or cell membrane. Results from the TEM study show ruptured S. aureus cells with leaking cytosolic mass and distorted cells of E. coli. Bacterial cells are eradicated by ROS produced upon irradiation of the covalent conjugates that can kill the bacteria by destruction of cellular membranes, intracellular proteins and DNA through the oxidative damage of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Rozga-Wijas
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.R.-W.); (K.T.); Tel.: +48-426-803-203 (K.R.-W.)
| | - Irena Bak-Sypien
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Turecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.R.-W.); (K.T.); Tel.: +48-426-803-203 (K.R.-W.)
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
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