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Peng XR, Unsicker SB, Gershenzon J, Qiu MH. Structural diversity, hypothetical biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and biological activity of Ganoderma meroterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1354-1392. [PMID: 37051770 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2018 to 2022Meroterpenoids found in fungal species of the genus Ganoderma and known as Ganoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) are substances composed of a 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene and a polyunsaturated side chain. These substances have attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists due to their diverse structures and significant bioactivity. In this review, we present the structures and possible biosynthesis of representative GMs newly found from 2018 to 2022, as well as chemical synthesis and biological activity of some interesting GMs. We propose for the first time a plausible biosynthetic pathway for GMs, which will certainly motivate further research on the biosynthetic pathway in Ganoderma species, as well as on chemical synthesis of GMs as important bioactive compounds for the purpose of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Tian XH, Hong LL, Jiao WH, Lin HW. Natural sesquiterpene quinone/quinols: chemistry, biological activity, and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:718-749. [PMID: 36636914 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2021Sesquiterpene quinone/quinols (SQs) are characterized by a C15-sesquiterpenoid unit incorporating a C6-benzoquinone/quinol moiety. Numerous unprecedented carbon skeletons have been constructed with various connection patterns between the two parts. The potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and fibrinolytic activities of SQs are associated with their diverse structures. The representative avarol has even entered the stage of clinical phase II research as an anti-HIV agent, and was developed as paramedic medicine against psoriasis. This review provides an overall summary of 558 new natural SQs discovered between 2010 and 2021, including seven groups and sixteen structure-type subgroups, which comprehensively recapitulates their chemical structures, spectral characteristics, source organisms, biological activities, synthesis, and biosynthesis, aiming to expand the application scope of this unique natural product resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Tian
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Li Hong
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Marine Drugs Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
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Yu C, Cao CY, Shi PD, Yang AA, Yang YX, Huang DS, Chen X, Chen ZM, Gao JM, Yin X. Highly oxygenated chemical constitutes and rearranged derivatives with neurotrophic activity from Ganoderma cochlear. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115393. [PMID: 35609755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The morphological characteristics of Ganoderma cochlear (Blume & T. Nees) Bres were identical to G. sinsense J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu & X.Q. Zhang, however, with the fungus stipe lying in the back of the pileus. Fruiting bodies and spores of G. cochear have been traditionally used for smoothing, sleeping improvement, memory impairment, anti-aging, and prolonging life. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chromic progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of memory and cognition. Hallmarks of AD include aging, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuron loss, neuronal degeneration, network disruption, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation and oxidation stress. In this study, norlanostanoids from G. cochear are identified as potential neurotrophic chemists related to the memory impairment usage to slow down pathogenetic process and restore neural circuits for AD. AIM OF STUDY Chemical and biological investigations in this study uncovered the potential constituents related to the traditional usage of G. cochlear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract of the mushrooms was purified using various column chromatography techniques and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the isolates were elucidated by combination of spectral, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The neurotrophic activity was evaluated by the differentiation state of PC12 cells, and the dose-dependent and time-dependant expression of growth-associated protein (GAP-43) was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Ganorbifates J-T (1-11), eleven previously undescribed triterpenoids together with five known trinorlanostanoids (12-16) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of G. Cochlear. Among them, ganorbifates N-O (5-6) had a demethylation at C-28 compared to the classic skeleton of 3,4-seco-25,26,27-trinorlanostanoids to form a new group of 3,4-seco-25,26,27,28-tetranorlanostanoids. Based on this, a novel skeleton of ganorbifate M (4) was further established by the arrangement of C-29 from C-4 to C-7. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of compounds 4-6 was proposed. Eight of the sixteen isolates showed neurotrophic activity with the concentration of 10 μM. Furthermore, compound 15 exhibited a dose-dependent neurogenic activity, and also strengthened the expression of the growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in NGF-induced PC-12 cells, whereas 11 showed an inhibitory effect at higher concentration. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that 3,4-seco-norlanostanoids had reliable potential in promoting the outgrowth of PC-12 cells and could be used in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, which is consist with the beneficial effects of G. Cochlear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Dong Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - An-An Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiang Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Seng Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ming Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Wang YX, Peng YL, Qiu B, Lv Q, Huang LSX, Cheng YX. Meroterpenoids with a large conjugated system from Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activities against renal fibrosis. Fitoterapia 2022; 161:105257. [PMID: 35914706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Baoslingzhines A-E (1-5), five new meroterpenoids were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. The structures including their absolute configurations were characterized by using spectroscopic and computational methods. Compound 1 is a novel trinormeroterpenoid featuring the presence of an unusual dihydronaphthalene representing an unprecedented meroterpenoid skeleton. Compounds 2-4 are mononormeroterpenoids characteristic of a large conjugated system. Among them, racemic 3 and 4 were separated by HPLC on chiral phase. Biological evaluation toward kidney fibrosis found that compounds 2 and (+)-3 could inhibit the expression of fibronectin and collagen I dose dependently in TGF-β1-induced rat kidney proximal tubular cells (NRK-52e). Additionally, (+)-3 could also down regulate ɑ-SMA in a concentration dependent manner. Further investigation showed that 2 could inhibit Smad2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China; Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Peng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qing Lv
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, PR China
| | - Li-Shu-Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, PR China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, PR China.
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Qin FY, Wang DW, Xu T, Zhang BS, Cheng YX. Meroterpenoids containing benzopyran or benzofuran motif from Ganoderma cochlear. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 199:113184. [PMID: 35405148 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed benzopyran containing meroterpenoids, ganodercins Q-U, two undescribed benzofuran containing meroterpenoids, ganodercins V and W, and two known meroterpenoids were isolated from Ganoderma cochlear. Their structures were elucidated by using HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. The results of biochemical studies using a palmitic acid (PA) induced insulin resistance (IR) model show that (-)-ganodercin Q, (+)-ganodercins R and W activate phospho-AKT (p-AKT) at 20 μM and improve glucose uptake in a concentration dependent manner. The results of renoprotection studies show that (+)-ganodercin S, cochlearol F, (+)- and (-)-ganodercins V reduce the expression of collagen I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Qin
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wei Wang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Te Xu
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Shan Zhang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, People's Republic of China.
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Qin FY, Xu T, Li YP, Zhang HX, Cai D, Liu LZ, Cheng YX. Terminal Cyclohexane-Type Meroterpenoids from the Fruiting Bodies of Ganoderma cochlear. Front Chem 2021; 9:783705. [PMID: 34926404 PMCID: PMC8677669 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.783705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven new cyclohexane-type meroterpenoids (1, 3-5, 7, 8, 11-15) and four known similar meroterpenoids (2, 6, 9, and 10) were isolated from Ganoderma cochlear. Their structures and absolute configurations at stereogenic centers were elucidated by using HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. In addition, the structure of the known meroterpenoid, cochlearol G (2), was revised, and the absolute configurations at the stereogenic centers of known meroterpenoids 9 and 10 were determined. All the isolated meroterpenoids were evaluated for their activities against renal fibrosis and triple negative breast cancer, and their insulin resistance. The results of the renal fibrosis study showed that meroterpenoid 11 inhibits over-expression of fibronectin, collagen I and α-SMA. Results of the wound healing study revealed that 4, 6 and 8 significantly inhibit migration of BT549 cells. Observations made in Western blotting experiments showed that 6 decreases the levels of TWIST1 and ZEB1, and increases the level of E-cadherin. Finally, meroterpenoids 7, 9, 11, and 15 significantly up-regulate p-AMPK protein expression in normal L6 myotubes cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Te Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Peng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao-Xing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Zhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Health Science Center, Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
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Qin FY, Zhang JJ, Wang DW, Xu T, Cai D, Cheng YX. Direct determination of E and Z configurations for double bond in bioactive meroterpenoids from Ganoderma mushrooms by diagnostic 1H NMR chemical shifts and structure revisions of previous analogues. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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